Criminal Law

Development of Criminal Law in the Philippines

Code of Kalantiao

Spanish Codigo Penal

Rafael del Pan

Revised Penal Code of the Philippines (Act No. 3815- An Act Revising the Penal Code
and other Penal Laws, December 8, 1930)

Special Laws

Different Philosophies underlying the Criminal Law System

Classical or Juristic Philosophy Retribution

Positivist or Realistic Philosophy Rehabilitation

Eclectic or Mixed Philosophy

Basic Maxims in Criminal Law

Doctrine of Pro Reo

Nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege

Acus non facit reum, nisi mens sit rea

Criminal Law in General

Characteristics of Criminal Law

1. Generality

Article 14 Civil Code

R.A 75

US vs. Sweet, G.R No. 448, September 20,1901

2. Territoriality

Exceptional Circumstances (Article 2, Act 3815)

3. Prospectivity (Article 22, 3815)

Sec. 19, EO 292

Article 4, Civil Code

Co. vs. Court of Appeals, G.R No. 100776, October 28, 1993

Constitutional Limitations on Criminal Legislations

People vs. Villaaraza, G.R No. L-46228, January 17, 1978

Article 2Applicability of Provisions

People vs. Wong Cheng, GR. No. L-18924, October 19, 1992

United States vs. Look Chow, 18 Phil. 573

Article 3Felonies

People vs. Escote, GR. No. 140756, April 4, 2003

Libi vs. Intermediate Appellate Court, G.R No. 70890, September 18, 1992

Soriano vs. People, 88 Phil. 75

United States vs. Ah Chong, G.R No. 5272, March 19, 1910

People vs. Oanis, G.R No. 47722, July 27, 1943

People vs. Cora Abella Ojeda, G.R No. 104238-58, June 3, 2004

People vs. De Fernando, G.R No. 24978, March 27, 1926

De Guzman vs. Subido, G.R. No. L-31683, January 31, 1983

People vs. Guillen, G.R No. L-1477, January 18, 1950

United States vs. Catangay, G.R No. 9206, November 25, 1914

People vs. Quijada, G.R No. 115008-09, July 24, 1996

People vs. Bayona, G.R No. 4228, February 16, 1953

Article 4Criminal Liability

People vs. Guillen, G.R No. L-1477, January 18, 1950

People vs. Ural, 56 SCRA 138

US vs. Villanueva, G.R No. 10606, September 11, 1915

People vs. Hermogenes Flora, G.R No. 125909, June 23, 2000

People vs. Oanis, G.R No. 47722, July 27, 1943

People vs. Benjamin Ortega, et al., G.R No. 116736, July 24, 1997

United States vs. Marasigan, G.R No. 9426, August 15, 1914

People vs. Piamonte et al., G.R No. L-5775, January 28, 1954

United States vs. Monasterial, G.R No. 5098, October 29, 1909

People vs. Escote, G.R No. 140756, April 4, 2003

Article 7When light felonies are punishable

People vs. Dio, 113 SCRA 151

People vs. Umaguing, 107 SCRA 166

People vs. Pilones, 84 SCRA 167

People vs. Pastores, 40 SCRA 498

Article 8Conspiracy and proposal to commit felony

People vs. Peralta, 25 SCRA 759

People vs. Sy, 113 SCRA 207

People vs. Vizcarra, 115 SCRA 743

Article 9Felonies according to their gravity

People vs. Deslate, G.R No. 87807, December 21, 1990

Article 10Offenses not subject to the provisions of RPC

United States vs. Basa, G.R No. L-3540, March 19, 1907

Article 11Justifying Circumstances

People vs. Jaurige, 76 Phil. 174

People vs. Pay-an, 84 SCRA 353

People vs. Narvaez, 121 SCRA 389

People vs. De Los Reyes, G.R No. 140680, May 28, 2004

People vs. Trapane, G.R No. 134534, August 29, 2002

People vs. Sabio, 19 SCRA 901

People vs. Villegas, G.R No. 138782, September 27, 2002

Article 12Exempting Circumstances

People vs. Magallano, 100 SCRA 570

US vs. Odicta, G.R No. 1749, March 21, 1905

Guevarra vs. Almodovar, G.R No. 75256, January 26, 1989

People vs. Doquena, G.R No. 46539, September 27, 1939

People vs. Bindoy, G.R No. 34665, August 28, 1931

People vs. Fernando, 33 SCRA 149

People vs. Abanes, 73 SCRA 44

US vs. Vincentillo, G.R No. L-6082, March 18, 1911

People vs. Roberto Mendoza Pacis, G.R No. 146309, July 18, 2002

Article 13Mitigating Circumstance

People vs. Narvaez, G.R No. L-33466-67, April 20, 1983

People vs. Jose, 71 SCRA 273

People vs. Espejo, 36 SCRA 400

People vs. Amit, G.R No. L-29066, March 25, 1970

People vs. Regato, 127 SCRA 287

People vs. Pagal, G.R No. L-32040, October 25, 1977

People vs. Romero, 119 SCRA 234

People vs. Layson, G.R No. L-25177, October 31, 1969

People vs. Pacot, 128 SCRA 332

Article 14Aggravating Circumstances

People vs. Manalang, 123 SCRA 583

People vs. Sto. Tomas, 138 SCRA 206

People vs. Laspardas, October 28, 1979

People vs. Jaurigue, Adm. Matter No. 384, February 21, 1946

People vs. Palon, February 20, 1984

People vs. Egot, 130 SCRA 134

Gamara vs. Valero, 51 SCRA 322

People vs. Arpa, G.R No. L-26789, April 25, 1969

US vs. Abaigar, G.R No. 1255, August 17, 1903

People vs. Baldera, G.R No. L-2390, April 24, 1950

People vs. Layson, 30 SCRA 92

People vs. Canete, G.R No. 82113, July 5, 1989

People vs. Bersabal, G.R No. 24532, December 11, 1925

PD 1613

Persons Criminally Liable

People vs. Maluenda, G.R No. 115351, March 27, 1998

Article 17Principals

People vs. Asaad, G.R No. 33673, February 24, 1931

People vs. Gensola, G.R No. L-24491, September 30, 1969

Dacanay vs. People, 94 SCRA 383

People vs. Vistido, 79 SCRA 616

Article 18Accomplices

People vs. Carino, 7 SCRA 900

Article 19Accesories
US vs. Empeinado, G.R No. L-4034, January 16, 1908

People vs. Verzola, 80 SCRA 600

People vs. Adriano, 95 SCRA 107

Penalties

People vs. Erlinda Gonzales, G.R No. 121877, September 12, 2001

Article 48Complex Crimes

People vs. Hernandez, G.R No. 6025-26, July 18, 1956

Preventive and Subsidiary Imprisonment

RA 6127

BP 85

RA 5465

People vs. Herila, G.R No. L-32785, May 21, 1973

Continuing Crime

People vs. De leon, G.R No. 25375-76, October 8, 1926

Indeterminate Sentence Law

People vs. Gonzales, G.R No. 48293, April 20, 1942

Articles 112 and 113 Extinction and Survival of Civil Liability

People vs. Bayotas, G.R No. 102007, September 2, 1994