-

Built Form

Planting and terraces

Orientation

Glazing and shading

Climatic Zones
Cool, temperate, arid and tropical
Solar Paths requiring Shade
Sunshade Analysis (Vertical and Horizontal
Insolation
Sun Requirement
Traditional Regional Dwelling Types
Typical Occurence of Indigenous Roof Types
Mean Annual Temperature
Requirements for Cross Ventilation
Wind Direction
Cross Ventilation Analysis
Climatic Characteristics Zones
Annual Average level of relative humidity.....

Influences on Built Form

Zoning for transitional spaces
Zoning for solar gain
Use of atrium space
Potential of Roof/ground plane as useable exterior space
Form
Orientation
Vertical cores and structure

Meana Annual Precipitation

TROPICAL DESIGN
Ar. Rino D.A. Fernandez
Introduction:

One of the more unfortunate aspects of

modern global development has been the
introduction and widespread acceptance of
the use of mechanical means for providing
desired comfort levels for human
habitation....................neglecting the context of
climate, culture and land variations
Vernacular Architecture is a subject
that provides a window on the lives and
traditions of the indigenous people of
our world and in so doing creates a
mirror that reflects our own experieces.
This in turn helps us understand more
clearly where the buildings of our
contemporary world springs from or
more importantly why such buildings so
often fail to meet our fundamental
human needs.
John May,Handmade Houses and other Buildings. The World of Vernacular Architectur, Thames and Hudson,2010
NA 208 M451, 2010 /Arch 5121
Introduction:

The main characteristics of a building:

It must perform the function for which it is

designed, i.e. provide adequate shelter for its
intended occupiers;

Provide adequate comfort for the occupants,

both to the immediate environment as well as
for services such as lighting, cooking, hot
water, etc.
Inuit Igloo
Plains Indian Tipi
Log Cabin
New Mexican
Adobe House
Japanese Minka
Mongolian Ger
Indian Stepped Ponds
Brazilian Squatter Settlements
Indian Squatter Settlements
Filipino Squatter Settlements
Earthships
Bottle Buildings
Natural Buildaings
Vernacular Revivals
Ifugao Huts
Bahay Kubo
Bahay na bato
Samal Houses
Badjao House
Introduction:

The energy needs for buildings, (3) broad

categories:

That required for construction; encompassing

the inputs into materials, labour, transportation,
etc,

That required to maintain the comfort of the

internal environment;

That required to provide services to aid

comfortable living.
Introduction:

These three (3) energy

requirements can be kept to a
minimum with the application
of building design and
construction principles that
exploit the indigenous
materials and local climate
Introduction:

Climate
Responsive
Architecture
Introduction:

Global climate zones:

1) Polar

2) Cool

3) Temperate

4) Hot humid

5) Hot arid
Introduction:
Introduction:

Tropic of Cancer

The Tropics
Tropic of Capricorn
Introduction:
Introduction:

Tropical climates are those

where heat is the dominant problem,

where for the greater part of the year

buildings serve to keep the occupants cool,
rather than warm

where the annual mean temperature is not

less than 20C.
Introduction:

Designers and planners

working in tropical
locations
have to respond to heat,
which is a dominant
problem
Introduction:
Introduction:

Climates in the tropics:

1. Warm humid
2. Hot dry desert
3. Hot dry maritime desert
4. Composite/monsoon
5. Tropical upland
6. Warm humid island
See Wikipedia