THE HUNCHBACK OF NOTREDAME

The Hunchback of Notre-Dame Love is a universal language. This popular quote from many
movies and literary works describes the importance of love, and how there are no limits or
barriers when Many people cannot even help whether ornot they fall in love. There are many
types of love andthey need not be between members of opposite sexes. InVictor Hugo's novel,
The Hunchback of Notre Dame,Quasimodo's love for Esmerelda is not as strong as hisdifferent
sense of love for the Archdeacon, Claude Frollo. Quasimodo loves each person in a different
manner, but istruer to the Archdeacon.The hunchback feels, among other things, a lovedescribed
as Eros for the Mistress Esmerelda; whereas, forthe Archdeacon the love he feels is known as
Philia. WhileQuasimodo is drawn to Esmerelda by her inner beauty andpersonal qualities, he
admires the Archdeacon for hispowerful position in the social structure of the town. Throughout
the story, Quasimodo does his best to protectEsmerelda. Contrarily, he is protected by the
Archdeacon. There are four types of love, only one of which involves aman's physical love for a
woman and vice versa. This typeof love is known as Eros. It is defined as a relationshipin which
two parties are physically attracted to oneanother. Esmerelda, the gypsy, is quite beautiful.
Shedances in the midst of a crowd near a bonfire: All eyeswere fixed on her, all mouths hung
open. As she danced tothe rhythm of the tambourine which her round, delicate armsheld over her
head, she seemed to be some sort ofsupernatural creature(p.22). Quasimodo is taken by
herloveliness just like most other men. However, because he isdeformed and hideous,
Quasimodo's physical attraction to theMistress is unrequited. Nevertheless, this attraction
isuncontrollable. Although he never acts upon his urges noropenly displays his affection, the
hunchback feels the typeof love called Eros for Esmerelda. Accordingly, he feels adifferent kind
of love for t...

he Archdeacon: Philia. Just asEros as love stems from physical factors, Philia is a resultof
external factors. The Archdeacon is a man of God. He isconsidered the religious authority in
Paris. Quasimodoresides in the Notre Dame Cathedral. He takes a greatinterest in God, and
apparently shares this interest withthe Archdeacon. Quasimodo was taken in by Claude
Frollowhen he was quite young. The two men grew quite closetogether: When the poor
bellringer became deaf the two mendeveloped a mysterious language of signs and gestures
whichwas understood by them alone. Thus the Archdeacon was theonly person with whom
Quasimodo maintained communication(p.65). The hunchback feels a sense of love based
oncomradery and years of relations. He deeply admires ClaudeFrollo's religious faith and
charity: that is, the charityshown to Quasimodo when he was only a young, abandoned boy. The
two men have a complex system of hand gestures and signlanguage which they use to
communicate with each other. Thisillustrates their mutual correspondence and understanding.
Through these experiences and this upbringing, Quasimododevelops a Philial love for the
Archdeacon. In the timeframe of this story, the late 1400's andearly 1500's, the Catholic Church
is a major factor andauthority in virtually all of a town's laws, transactionsand business. This
being the case, holding the position asArchdeacon, or head of the church, is a much
covetedoccupation. Quasimodo admires the Archdeacon's powerfulposition
 THE THREE MUSKETEERS
the Three Musketeers was the most popular novel written by Alexandre Dumas, pre,
and the one he considered his best. It has retained a great deal of popularity in spite of
some weaknesses. The characterization is sketchy. The dialogue, by modern, realistic
standards, is often long-winded and full of preposterous declarations of adoration,
fidelity, patriotism, and other noble sentiments. Dumass dialogue shows the influence
of that early genius of the historical novel, Sir Walter Scott. That The Three
Musketeers has survived with so many generations of readers is testament to Dumass
talent for describing violent action and tempestuous love affairs while maintaining
suspense for nearly eight hundred pages.

An example of Dumass craftsmanship can be seen in chapter 47, The Council of the
Musketeers. In this chapter, DArtagnan consults with Athos, Porthos, and Aramis
about how to foil the insidious schemes of Cardinal Richelieu. This could be a dull,
static scene, but Dumas dramatizes it by placing his devil-may-care heroes in a
bastion where they are under attack by waves of enemy soldiers. From masterful
scenes such as this, professional writers of many lands have learned how to maintain
suspense and avoid stretches of dreary exposition. The scene furnishes an excellent
example of what American novelist Henry James meant when he advised fiction
writers, Dramatize, dramatize, dramatize!

What made The Three Musketeers the best and most successful of Dumass five or six
hundred volumes was the sinister character of Cardinal Richelieu. The machinations
of this seventeenth century political genius are like the mainspring in a clock that
keeps the entire mechanism running. All the other characters in the book are either
acting under Richelieus orders or reacting to foil a scheme he has set in motion.

The main plot running throughout The Three Musketeers has to do with DArtagnan
and his three friends trying to prevent Richelieu from exposing Queen...
 THE LAST LEAF

above, there is honestly a lot I can say about itbut basically the short
film circulates around the idea of hope, love, and self-sacrifice. In my
opinion, hope and love are closely related in the story for itcan be
found in the bond of the two sisters. Joana hopes for Susan to
stopbeing pessimistic and think positively so that she could get
well. Here younotice how Joana truly loves and cares for her
sister even though at timesSusan can be stubborn.But what really
caught my eye is Mr. Burlanes self-sacrifice to save aperson who
still has a lot to live for but instead chose to let her life slip
away. This shows how he is different from his physical appearance:
an irritable oldman on the outside but kind and gentle on the inside.
Thus drawing anotheridea, Dont Judge a Book by Its Cover.I also
clearly remember a statement mentioned in the film that caughtmy
attention. It is because through Mr. Burlanes love and self-
sacrifice, hechanged Susans life for the better and even ended his fifty
years of struggleby finally painting his masterpiece.
Th e g reatest po rtrait of all time is th e lif e of a co mmo n
carp en ter whose love and sacrifice changed the world forever
 A DAY OF COUNTRY
A beautiful, moving story about two orphaned siblings named Fyolka and Danilka
and a cobbler named Terenty who were together in the woods after Terenty
rescued Danilka when his hand was stuck into a hole in a tree. In just one day,
Danilka's life changed after learning a lot of things from Terenty.

This short story is touching. Anton Chekhov's powerful prose explores a child's
desire to learn more about the world and to live in a normal society where
childhood experiences should be explored. It's a real life expressed through every
spectrum, with deep and entertaining dialogues that will somehow give you
unexpected emotions. The writing is simplistic yet the message imparted in the
story tugs the heart

A Day in the Country is a story of two orphaned children at play when a

threatening storm is looming forcing inhabitants to take refuge. Danilka manages
to have his hand trapped requiring assistance. Luckily Danilka's sister Fyokla
enlists the town cobbler Terenty's assistance and he rescues Danilka. The storm
passes and the rest of the afternoon the trio enjoy the splendors of the country.
Danilka is awed by nature and its beauty.

. Chekhov demonstrates that the simple things in life bring the most joy and the
countryfolk are loving and helpful in times of trouble. A sweet short story by the
master ChekhovA short story and my first foray into Chekov. Simple tale of 2
orphaned, Russian peasant children and their day spent with Uncle Terenty. Great
sense of trust between child and adult who makes the world their classroom.
Particular in time and place but universal in its themes. Simple in style and
structure but rich in imagery and significance
 THE LITTLE PRINCE
The little prince Machiavelli illustrates several key points in what it takes to be a "successful" Prince. In
chapters 5-10, Machiavelli is giving us a true image of the coldhearted reputation he has carried
throughout the years. He explains his ideas on taking over a "free" state or republic and how to conquer
and rule with the peoples loyalty and respect. Machiavelli argues in chapter 5 that the key to taking over
a free state is initially to destroy it. By destroying the city, Machiavelli believes that the citizens will have
no choice but to follow the direction of the new prince. He goes deeper to say that if a prince who
occupies these cities does not destroy it, he risk the probable outcome of a rebellion. This rebellion is
brought fourth by the tradition held by the citizens and the memories of the former way of government.
The second step is to live there in person to establish loyalty and the third step is letting the people live
by its own laws, but establish a small government who is loyal to you to keep it friendly. Chapter 6 gives
us some insight on what Machiavelli feels leadership is. Leaders, he explains, are followers too in many
ways. All leaders are imitating great rulers in history. A leader who really wants to achieve glory, does so
by his own prowess, meaning by his own talent. Anyone can inherit a kingdom, but not anyone can rule
it with natural leadership. This kind of leadership is what makes great leaders in history such as Moses or
Cyrus. Chapter 7 explains that a leader should not try to buy his subjects. If a prince buys his subjects
they will only temporarily be loyal. A prince needs to eliminate his enemies and do so all at once a prince
can do all his evil and destruction at one time, the people will forget and move on once the memories
die, and soon appreciate the prince he explains. Chapter 9 shows us the types of people in a community.
We have nobles and commons. When a noble leader is chosen, he is in constant threat of rebellion by
other nobles who feel they are on the same level as the prince. When a common is chosen it is much
better, because he has the respect and loyalty of the people. Chapter 10 is short in stating the
importance of a defense system for a city. He talks about the people coming together in time of war and
gaining patriotism. My initial reaction to Machiavelli in reading these chapters, is that Machiavelli did
have a keen sense of leadership and the citizens which he ruled. Although he may be considered cold
hearted and unjust, I believe that in many roles of political leadership, a person will have to be cold in
many areas of ruling. Machiavelli is a leader who understands the human mind. With this knowledge he
has, he manipulates the people. I don't know if Machiavelli giving this knowledge to direct the
obtainment of power, instead I think he is saying that in order to make a city/state work, the people
must be loyal and respectful of its prince. If the people are loyal to their leader they will prosper and
benefit mutually. If the city/state prospers so does the leader and he gains more power. So to me it
seems like a cycle of you get what you want, and I get what I want, but only if you agree on my terms.
The American take on democracy is the rule of the people, but most of the people in our country don't
know the first thing about political leadership. Machiavelli understood the place of a prince and the
place of his subjects and citizens. He knows what leadership consist of and how to obtain true power. He
also knows that most common people do not, and they should be ruled over for their own good. Maybe
I'm being too easy and optimistic about Machiavelli, but I do believe he gives sound advice based on his
knowledge of how people work and think. Pain and evil are real and also necessary to in order to rule
affectively. Machiavelli states that laying down a solid foundation is important in building a successful
future for the city/state. It reminds me of a quote from the movie "Kingdom of Heaven"There will be a
day when you will wish you had done a little evil to do a greater good." By doing evil and causing pain, it
might be hurtful at the time, but in the long run, a good prince will be setting up a solid foundation for
future successors
 THE STORY OF KEESH
The story of Keesh is a short story which was written by Jack London that was first published in January
of 1904. Keesh was the son of a great huntsman, who was well known and respected in his tribe.
Unfortunately, Keeshs father died when Keesh was very young. As is often the case, the legendary
exploits of Keeshs father was forgotten with time. After many years, the child grows to be thirteen.
Inspired by tales of his fathers skills as a hunter, and emboldened by his self-confidence and the
lackluster amount of food being gathered by the tribe, he addressed the village elders in the Igloo of the
tribes chief. A child addressing the tribal elders was seen as precocious. Keesh declared that he would
honor his fathers memory and became a great hunter, and bring back a wealth of meat for his people. He
was scorned, and they allowed him to go off on his own. Many never expected to hear from him again.
Four days later Keesh returned, with an enormous burden of freshly-killed meat over his shoulders. He
explained that an entire polar bears carcass laid a days travel from the village. The villagers were
stunned by this boy having endured the elements and succeeded in his quest, became suspicious. After
several more hunting excursions on Keeshs part, all alone and all resulting in enormous amounts of meat
for the tribe, the villagers begin whispering that Keesh is undoubtedly practicing witchcraft. However,
they had no choice but to be loyal to this manchild, as he had begun to provide them all with bounteous
food. Keesh had the appreciative villagers construct for him an enormous Igloo, rivaling that of the chief.
After more speculation and Inuendo as to the source of Keeshs hunting prowess, it was decided to send
two scouts to follow him on a hunting exhibition. They returned several days later, having been successful
in trailing Keesh to his kill, an enormous (and dangerous) polar bear. They told a tale that the tribal
council simply couldnt believe. Upon his return, the tribe gathered in Keeshs igloo to accuse him of
witchcraft. He answered their charges well. Keesh explained the source of his hunting success. He
explained why the two scouts sent to follow him observed him striding up to the bear, enraging it, and
convincing it to follow him. He explained why the scouts witnessed his leaving small round balls of food
on the ice for the bear, and why the bear soon became ill, and deranged. He explained how he was then
able to spear the bear without endangering himself. In the beginning of the story the author tells about a
boy who had name Keesh lived in the poor condition together with his mother. Keesh lived at the edge of
the polar sea. The father of Keesh had been a brave man. But he had died hunting for food. Keesh was his
only son. Keesh lived along with his mother, Ikeega. One night, the village council met in the big Igloo of
Klosh-kwan, the chief. He listened, then he waited for silence. He said, It is true that you give us some
meat. But it is often old and tough meat, and has many bones. The hunters were surprised. From the
detail that we have explained above, we are interested in theme and the moral value of the story. The
theme of the story is the sacrifice which is forgotten. This phenomena is commonly found in community
life. In fact, we often find in our daily lives. After Keesh was born, when he was young, his father had
been a very brave man, when a time of famine came, he was willing to sacrifice himself to go to hunt bear
alone. While we know that bears are wild animals, but he thought of how his society could survive. This
makes Bok, Keesh fathers went out hunting without thinking of his own safety. After the death of Bok,
people around him tend to forget the sacrifice and struggle that he has done.So, we can say that the theme
portrays about the characteristic of the characters in the story.