Assignment No.

Softwares used:
MS Excel 2010
Mathcad 14

Show the effects of redistribution on the moments obtained by elastic analysis for the floor
beams 2B1 and 2B2. (Using ACI 2014 provision)

Design Loads/Criteria:

Tributary Bay = 13 ft
Slab Thickness = 4.5 in
Service Live Load = 100 psf
fc' = 3,000 psi
fy = 40,000 psi
Unit weight of concrete = 150 pcf
Assume 13 in x 20 in beam supported by an 18 in wide girder
Code used ACI 2014
 Joint A B C D
Member AB BA BC CB CD DC
DF 0.667 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.400 0.667
Case 1, M= -27.2 90.0 -83.7 83.7 -90.0 27.2 Dead load only
Case 2, M= -54.1 89.4 -46.8 46.8 -89.4 54.1 Live load spans 1 and 3
Case 3, M= 10.0 56.8 -89.3 89.3 -56.8 -10.0 Live load span 2
Case 4, M= -42.5 159.3 -156.1 69.4 -43.5 -8.3 Live load spans 1 and 2
Case 5, M= -1.7 -13.3 19.9 66.7 -102.6 52.5 Live load span 3
 Primary Shear and Moment Diagrams

l := 26
L := 3.57

M a := ABdata + ABdata
0 1
M b := BAdata + BAdata
0 1
l
2
Mb Ma + L
Va :=
2
l
Vb := Va L l
L( x) := 3.57

M a = 81.3 M b = 179.4

Va = 42.637 Vb = 50.183

x
l := 26

V( x) := Va + L( x) dx

0
357 x
V( x) 42.636923076923076923
100
x
357 x
M ( x) := M a + Va dx
100

0

x ( 357 x 8527.3846153846153846)
M ( x) 81.3
200
50 200
36.25 150
22.5 100
8.75 50
V ( x) 5 M ( x) 0
18.75 50
32.5 100
46.25 150
60 200
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(a) Maximum in positive region
(loading conditions 1 + 2)
 l := 26
L := 3.57

M a := ABdata + ABdata
0 3
M b := BAdata + BAdata
0 3
l
2
Mb Ma + L
Va :=
2
l
Vb := Va L l
L( x) := 3.57

M a = 69.7 M b = 249.3

Va = 39.502 Vb = 53.318

x
l := 26

V( x) := Va + L( x) dx

0
357 x
V( x) 39.502307692307692308
100
x
357 x
M ( x) := M a + Va dx
100

0

x ( 357 x 7900.4615384615384616)
M ( x) 69.7
200
50 180
36.25 122.5
22.5 65
8.75 7.5
V ( x) 5 M ( x) 50
18.75 107.5
32.5 165
46.25 222.5
60 280
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(b) Maximum in negative region at B
(loading conditions 1 + 4)
 l := 26
L := 3.57

M b := BCdata + BCdata
0 2
M c := CBdata + CBdata
0 2
l
2
Mc Mb + L
Vb :=
2
l
Vc := Vb L l
L( x) := 3.57

M b = 173 M c = 173

Vb = 46.41 Vc = 46.41

x
l := 26

V( x) := Vb + L( x) dx

0
357 x
V( x) 46.41
100
x
357 x
M ( x) := M b + Vb dx
100

0

x ( 357 x 9282.0)
M ( x) 173.0
200
55 140
41.25 98.75
27.5 57.5
13.75 16.25
V ( x) 0 M ( x) 25
13.75 66.25
27.5 107.5
41.25 148.75
55 190
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(c) Maximum in positive region
(loading conditions 1 + 3)
 l := 26
L := 3.57

M b := BCdata + BCdata
0 3
M c := CBdata + CBdata
0 3
l
2
Mc Mb + L
Vb :=
2
l
Vc := Vb L l
L( x) := 3.57

M b = 239.8 M c = 153.1

Vb = 49.745 Vc = 43.075

x
l := 26

V( x) := Vb + L( x) dx

0
357 x
V( x) 49.744615384615384615
100
x
357 x
M ( x) := M b + Vb dx
100

0

x ( 357 x 9948.923076923076923)
M ( x) 239.8
200
55 120
41.25 73.75
27.5 27.5
13.75 18.75
V ( x) 0 M ( x) 65
13.75 111.25
27.5 157.5
41.25 203.75
55 250
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(d) Maximum in negative region at B
(loading conditions 1 + 4)
 Secondary Shear and Moment Diagrams

l := 26
L := 1.36

M a := ABdata + ABdata
0 2
M b := BAdata + BAdata
0 2
l
2
Mb Ma + L
Va :=
2
l
Vb := Va L l
L( x) := 1.36

M a = 17.2 M b = 146.8

Va = 12.695 Vb = 22.665

x
l := 26

V( x) := Va + L( x) dx

0
34 x
V( x) 12.695384615384615385
25
x
34 x
M ( x) := M a + Va dx
25

0

x ( 17 x 317.38461538461538462)
M ( x) 17.2
25
43 174
31.375 129.75
19.75 85.5
8.125 41.25
V ( x) 3.5 M ( x) 3
15.125 47.25
26.75 91.5
38.375 135.75
50 180
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(a) Minimum in positive region
(loading conditions 1 + 3)
 l := 26
L := 1.36

M a := ABdata + ABdata
0 4
M b := BAdata + BAdata
0 4
l
2
Mb Ma + L
Va :=
2
l
Vb := Va L l
L( x) := 1.36

M a = 28.9 M b = 76.7

Va = 15.842 Vb = 19.518

x
l := 26

V( x) := Va + L( x) dx

0
34 x
V( x) 15.841538461538461538
25
x
34 x
M ( x) := M a + Va dx
25

0

x ( 17 x 396.03846153846153845)
M ( x) 28.9
25
50 180
36.25 122.5
22.5 65
8.75 7.5
V ( x) 5 M ( x) 50
18.75 107.5
32.5 165
46.25 222.5
60 280
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(b) Minimum in negative region at B
(loading conditions 1 + 5)
 l := 26
L := 1.36

M b := BCdata + BCdata
0 1
M c := CBdata + CBdata
0 1
l
2
Mc Mb + L
Vb :=
2
l
Vc := Vb L l
L( x) := 1.36

M b = 130.5 M c = 130.5

Vb = 17.68 Vc = 17.68

x
l := 26

V( x) := Vb + L( x) dx

0
34 x
V( x) 17.68
25
x
34 x
M ( x) := M b + Vb dx
25

0

x ( 17 x 442.0)
M ( x) 130.5
25
55 140
41.25 98.75
27.5 57.5
13.75 16.25
V ( x) 0 M ( x) 25
13.75 66.25
27.5 107.5
41.25 148.75
55 190
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(c) Minimum in positive region
(loading conditions 1 + 2)
 l := 26
L := 1.36

M b := BCdata + BCdata
0 4
M c := CBdata + CBdata
0 4
l
2
Mc Mb + L
Vb :=
2
l
Vc := Vb L l
L( x) := 1.36

M b = 63.8 M c = 150.4

Vb = 14.349 Vc = 21.011

x
l := 26

V( x) := Vb + L( x) dx

0
34 x
V( x) 14.349230769230769231
25
x
34 x
M ( x) := M b + Vb dx
25

0

x ( 17 x 358.73076923076923077)
M ( x) 63.8
25
55 120
41.25 73.75
27.5 27.5
13.75 18.75
V ( x) 0 M ( x) 65
13.75 111.25
27.5 157.5
41.25 203.75
55 250
0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26 0 3.25 6.5 9.75 13 16.25 19.5 22.75 26
x x
(d) Minimum in negative region at B M ( 13.5) = 5.985
(loading conditions 1 + 5)
Applying redistribution of moments using ACI 2014:
As := 4.54 (from the area of steel used in the example, unit in in^2)
fy := 40000 psi
fc := 3000 psi
b := 13 in
d := 20 in

The code (6.6.5.1) states that reduction of moments at sections of maximum negative or maximum
positive moment calculated by elastic theory shall be permitted for any assumed loading arrangement if
(a) and (b) are satisfied:

(a) Flexural members are continuous

(b) t > or = 0.0075 at the section at which moment is reduced

Solve for
t

1 := 0.85 for 3000 psi concrete

As fy
a :=
.85 fc b

a = 5.478
a
c :=
1

c = 6.445
( d c)
t := 0.003
c

t = 0.0063

t < 0.0075, hence redistribution of moments, in accordance with the ACI 2014, is not allowed.
Commentary:
(1) The importance of considering redistribution of moments in a span is to acquire the yielding moment
after a number of plastic hinges were developed (and a mechanism will be created, permitting collapse)
resulting to lower reinforcing percentage in the concrete ( or -') making the span more ductile and
economical.
(2) Compared to ACI 1999 code on redistributin of moments in continuous flexural members, ACI 2014
(or later versions of the code) is more conservative considering the additional provision on the required
value of tensile strain. It sets the minimum permissible net tensile strain to 0.0075 (See figure below).
Recent codes, esp. 2014, is more strict in throwing the excess loads (redistribution of moments) off to
sections of the members that have lesser stresses.

(3) Given the figure above, it can be observed that the percent change in moment vs. net tensile strain
relationship is plotted linearly. If permitted, and the plot will be extended reaching point (0,0), strains
lower than 0.0075 could have been used with their equivalent percentages. Reasons prior to minimum
strain of 0.0075 were empirical or based on studies, indicating that 'adequate rotational capacity for the
redistribution of moments allowed by the code is available if the members satisfy 6.6.5.1 (t > or =
0.0075)'.
 ABdata

BAdata
BC
data
CBdata

CDdata
DC
data