Revetment Design

Considerations
in Sheltered Water
Wave Conditions
By Christopher I. Thornton, Ph.D., P.E., and Richard Kane

PROFESSIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
SERIES

October 2007
 Professional Development Series

Revetment Design Considerations

in Sheltered Water Wave Conditions
By Christopher I. Thornton, Ph.D., P.E., and Richard Kane

R
evetments are used to protect banks and shorelines
from erosion caused by waves and currents. This
paper briefly addresses the application of revet-
ments in wave environments using riprap and
articulated concrete blocks. The discussion is limited to low-
energy wave conditions where wave heights are less than 5
feet. These conditions occur in sheltered waters such as lakes,
reservoirs, rivers, channels, canals, estuaries, and bays. High-
energy wave conditions that are encountered on open ocean
coastlines are more appropriately addressed using armor
stone or concrete armor units.
In many coastal engineering projects, determination of
the design condition is a major component of the design
effort. In the case of wave-induced bank erosion, it is first
necessary to determine the cause of the erosion. Then, the
wave and water level conditions must be determined. Wave
data are usually not available in sheltered waters. For these
cases, the waves must be estimated from historical wind
conditions using hindcast methods such as those described
in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Shore Protection Manual
(SPM) and Coastal Engineering Manual (CEM) (COE, 1973,
1984; COE, 2001). High water level data may be available
from gauging stations.
In the United States, it is common to design revetments
based on an event of a specified occurrence (1 percent annual
chance occurrence or 100 year event). The choice of the design
event is a key consideration in the design. Once the occur-
rence level has been selected, the joint probability of waves
and water levels must be determined. A conservative approach
is to design the high water condition for the 1 percent wave
occurring at the 1 percent water level. If the revetment does
not extend to the bed or channel bottom, then a low water
level design condition must also be determined.
Wave terminology
Waves are specified by the wave height, H (vertical
distance from crest to trough), the wave period, T (the time
between the passage of successive waves), wave direction,
(angle between wave crest and shoreline), and the still water
depth, h (the water depth in the absence of waves). The
wave length, L (horizontal distance from wave crest to wave
crest), is determined from the wave period and water depth
by the dispersion equation. If the water depth is greater than
half the wave length (h > L/2), then conditions are consid-
ered deep water and the deep water wave length, L0, may
be written as
gT 2
L0  (Equation 1)
2Q

Continuing Education answers to the Professional Development registrations requirements.

The Professional Development Series
is a unique opportunity to earn continu-
ing education credit by reading specially
focused, sponsored articles in CE News.
If you read the following article, display
your understanding of the stated learn-
ing objectives, and follow the simple
instructions, you can fulfill a portion
of your continuing education require-
ments at no cost to you. This article also
is available online at www.zweigwhite.
com/media/pdh/index.asp.
Instructions
First, review the learning objec-
tives below, then read the Professional
Development Series article. Next,
complete the quiz and submit your
Series sponsor. Submittal instructions
are provided on the Reporting Form,
which follows the quiz and is also avail-
able for download at www.zweigwhite.
com/media/pdh/index.asp. Your
quiz answers will be graded by the
Professional Development Series spon-
sor. If you answer at least 80 percent of
the questions correctly, you will receive
a certificate of completion from the
Professional Development Series spon-
sor within 90 days and will be awarded
1.0 professional development hour
(equivalent to 0.1 continuing educa-
tion unit in most states). Note: It is the
responsibility of the licensee to determine
if this method of continuing education
meets his or her governing board(s) of
Learning Objectives
After reading this article, you should
be able to:
1) understand general wave terminol-
ogy,
2) understand basic system compo-
nents for riprap and articulating
concrete block revetments, and
3) understand the design methodol-
ogy for rock riprap and articulating
concrete block revetments in wave
environments.
Professional Development
Series Sponsor
CONTECH Earth Stabilization
Solutions Inc.

 PDH Special Advertising Section CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc.

 Revetment Design Considerations in Sheltered Water Wave Conditions
where g is the acceleration due to gravity.
When wave conditions are generated by winds, there are
always multiple waves. There are many wave heights, peri-
ods, and directions existing simultaneously. It is convenient
to represent this collection of waves by a single representa-
tive wave height, period, and direction. The significant wave
height, Hs , is related to the average of the highest 1/3 of the
waves. The spectral wave height, Hm0 , is equal to four times
the square root of the total energy in the waves. In deep
water, these two are taken to be equivalent. The peak wave
period, Tp , is the wave period corresponding to the most
energetic wave. The mean period, Tm , is determined from the
distribution of wave heights and periods. A rule of thumb is
Tp 1.1Tm (Equation 2)
The wave direction is usually specified by the peak direc-
tion, p , corresponding to the most common direction or
the spectral direction, m , corresponding to the energy prop-
agation direction.
When waves propagate into shallow water, the depth
eventually limits the maximum wave height and the waves
break. The breaker index, , relates the depth-limited break-
ing wave height, HB , to the breaking depth, hB .
HB K hB (Equation 3)
Values for range from about 0.6 to 1.2, depending on
the wave height and period and the bottom slope. For a flat
bottom, =0.78, and this value is commonly used. The type
of breaking wave can be estimated from the surf similarity
parameter,
2 1/2
tan B gTm
Ym   tan B (Equation 4)
H/L0m 2QH
in which is the slope. The subscript m is used to denote the
use of the mean period.
Riprap revetments
A riprap revetment is distinguished from an armor stone
revetment in that riprap is more widely graded. Stone armor
is usually specified with a very narrow range of sizes. A typi-
cal weight range is 0.75W50 to 1.25W50 , where W50 is the
median weight of the stone. The nominal diameter, Dn50 , is
defined as
1/3
W50
Dn50  (Equation 5)
Hr
in which r is the weight density of the stone. This gives an
allowable diameter range of 0.91Dn50 to 1.08Dn50 . The corre-
sponding range for riprap is 0.125W50 to 4.0W50 (0.50Dn50
to 1.59Dn50 ). Riprap is less stable than armor stone because
the smaller sizes are susceptible to removal and it is difficult
to obtain uniform placement of the size distribution on
Special Advertising Section CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc. PDH 
the structure. Without special considerations,
riprap revetments are not recommended for
large wave conditions.
The design of riprap revetments in the United
States follows recommendations provided by the U.S.
Army Corps of Engineers (COE 2001, 1984, 1973). The
required riprap size can be determined using the Hudson
equation or the van der Meer equation. The Hudson equa-
tion is
Hr Hs3 Hs
W50  or KD cot B
1/3
(Equation 6)
KD %3cot B % Dn50
in which KD is the empirical Hudson stability coefficient
and is the immersed relative density defined as =
r /w-1, where r is the specific weight of the rock and w is
the specific weight of the water (62.4 pounds per cubic foot
(pcf) for fresh water; 64.0 pcf for sea water). The stability
coefficient for angular riprap in breaking waves is KD = 2.2
(COE 1984, 1973). The wave height is computed as the
wave height at the toe of the structure. The 1973 and 1984
versions of the SPM are inconsistent in the use of the Hudson
equation. The 1984 SPM recommends using a wave height
that is 1.27Hs . If this wave height is used in the Hudson
equation, the required stone weight doubles.
The van de Meer equation is
Hs
= 6.2P 0.18S 0.2N -0.1Ym-0.5 (Equation 7a)
% Dn50
when Ym < [6.2P 0.31(tan B) 0.5] 1/(P +0.5) and
Hs
= 1.0P -0.13S 0.2N -0.1(tan B)-0.5Ymp (Equation 7b)
% Dn50
when Ym > [6.2P 0.31(tan B) 0.5] 1/(P +0.5)
in which N is the number of waves (maximum value of
7,500), P is the notational permeability, and S is the damage
level. The two equations account for different breaking wave
types based on the value of m. For slopes of 1V:1.5H to
1V:3H, S = 2; and for slopes 1V:4H to 1V:6H, S = 3. These
equations are for deep water, but can also be used in shallow
water wave conditions (CUR, 1991). Guidance for selecting
the notational permeability is given in CUR (1991) and COE
(2001). Since riprap is well graded, the permeability is lower
and a value of 0.2 is suggested in the absence of additional
information.
The thickness of the riprap layer should be 2Dn50 , but not
less than 1 foot. Care must be taken when placing the riprap
to ensure that the stone sizes are uniformly distributed over
the full slope. End dump construction often results in the larger
stones at the toe with smaller material on the upper slope.
An underlayer beneath the riprap provides pressure
dissipation, drainage, and containment of the fines in the
subgrade. Because a riprap revetment is widely graded, the
 Revetment Design Considerations in Sheltered Water Wave Conditions
underlayer size requirements are more restric-
tive than a stone armor revetment. The size of
the underlayer is given by
D85 underlayer r0.2D15 cover (Equation 8)
in which D85 underlayer is the diameter at which 85 percent
of the underlayer sizes are finer and D15 cover is the diameter
at which 15 percent of the riprap stone sizes are finer. An
approximate underlayer size is given by
W50 cover
W50 underlayer  m
50 (Equation 9)
D
Dn50 underlayer  n50 cover
3.7
The underlayer beneath the riprap should have a thick-
ness of 3Dn50 underlayer , but not less than 1 foot.
A typical riprap revetment cross section is shown in Figure 1.
Articulating concrete block
revetments
Articulating concrete blocks (ACBs)
are designed to provide stability and
erosion control in a wide variety of
hydraulic applications. Made on dry cast
block machines, the individual units are
engineered to capitalize on the weight
of concrete, friction between units,
and the interconnection of units into
flexible mattresses. Flexibility between
units is provided to allow the mat to
Figure 1: A typical riprap revetment
conform to minor deformations in the
cross section
subgrade. Classes of individual units
can be produced at varying thicknesses,
providing the designer flexibility in
selecting appropriate levels of protec-
tion. The range of block classes allows
selection of the proper combination
of unit weight, surface roughness, and
open area for hydraulic stability.
For example, an ArmorFlex armor
unit, shown in Figure 2, is substan-
Figure 2: Features of an ArmorFlex unit
tially rectangular, having a flat bottom
to distribute the weight evenly over
the subgrade. The upper sides of the
unit are sloped to permit articulation
of the armor layer and to accommo-
date underlayer irregularities when the
armor units are connected into mats.
The units have two vertical openings
providing for permeability of the armor
layer. This reduces uplift forces on the
armor by allowing release of dynamic
pressures that occur during wave break-
ing. The vertical cells also increase Figure 3: A typical articulating concrete
surface roughness and allow a flux of block revetment cross section
 PDH Special Advertising Section CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc.
water into the underlayer, reducing waving runup.
Current industry standards utilize the Pilarczyk (1990)
equation to select an appropriate thickness of articulating
concrete block. The Pilarczyk equation was developed in the
Netherlands based on analysis of numerous large-scale tests
at the Delft Hydraulics Laboratory. Interestingly, full-scale
testing on the ArmorFlex unit as depicted above was used
in development of the design methodology. The Pilarczyk
equation is as follows:
Hs cos B
bZu G b (Equation 10)
%D
Y
in which D is the block thickness, yu is an empirical stability
upgrading factor ( yu 2.50 for cabled blocks on a granular
sublayer), f is a stability factor for incipient motion ( f = 2.25
for blocks placed on a permeable core), and b is a coefficient
related to the interaction process between waves and the
revetment (b = 2/3 is acceptable for ArmorFlex open-block
system). The Hudson equation has also
been used to estimate block stability in
waves. For this case, r corresponds to
the specific weight of the block and an
appropriate KD value is used. However,
the Pilarczyk equation considers addi-
tional variables associated with revet-
ment stability in wave environments
and is the recommended approach.
A typical ACB revetment cross section
is shown in Figure 3.
System recommendations
In addition to selecting the appropri-
ate riprap or block size in waves, there
are other important components of
revetment systems to consider in the
design. These include the underlayer,
filter fabric, articulation, toe, flanks, and
runup/overtopping.
Underlayer A permeable under-
layer is placed beneath the armor layer.
This layer provides drainage to avoid
build-up of excess hydraulic pressures
beneath the armor, prevents migra-
tion of fines out of the bank, and
provides a suitable surface for place-
ment of the armor. Build-up of excess
pressure beneath the revetment is one
of the most important failure modes
for revetments. Permeable revetments
and underlayers allow dissipation of this
pressure as water can flow out of the
armor layer. Also, the subgrade must be
geotechnically stable for the static and
dynamics conditions associated with
the design. This may require compac-
 Revetment Design Considerations in Sheltered Water Wave Conditions
tion or other improvements of the subgrade prior to placing
filter and armor layers.
Filter fabric If filter fabrics are used, ensure that the
porosity and permeability requirements are satisfied. The
fabric provides separation between the underlayer and the
subgrade, preventing loss of fines but allowing the flow of
water. In general, the equivalent opening size (EOS) of the
fabric (EOS = 95 percent smaller opening size) should be EOS =
D50 subgrade. The fabric permeability should be at least 10
times the subgrade permeability. The fabric must have suitable
strength capabilities in elongation, puncture, and shear. If the
fabric will be exposed to sun light, it must also be UV stabilized.
Additional information on using filter fabrics in wave environ-
ments is given in Pilarczyk (2000).
Articulation Flexibility of the armor layer is a consid-
eration with using articulating concrete block systems. The
revetment system should allow for individual units to adjust
to differential settling of the underlying material. Any settle-
ment beneath a rigid revetment system may result in voids
beneath the armor layer, causing points of weakness which
will lead to failure.
Toe protection Toe protection may be necessary to
prevent failure of the structure caused by scour and under-
mining. Common alternatives are: 1) place a scour blanket of
hydraulically stable material, 2) place larger stones or blocks
on the toe, 3) trench the toe beneath the depth of maximum
anticipated scour, 4) use filter fabric to contain the armor at
the toe (Dutch toe), or 5) use ground anchors or screws for
restricting block motion.
Flank protection The lateral ends of the revetment may
be susceptible to damage. The flanks may be stabilized using
techniques similar to the toe. If the revetment is placed on a
shoreline experiencing chronic erosion, then it may be neces-
sary to tie the revetment back into the slope using wing walls.
This will reduce the tendency for the revetment to be flanked.
Runup/overtopping If the revetment is intended
to prevent backshore flooding caused by waves, then the
height of the revetment must be sufficient to prevent wave
overtopping. Guidelines for estimating wave runup and over-
topping are given in the SPM and CEM. If wave overtopping
is expected, but is allowable, then the berm of the revetment
may require additional stabilization. The techniques used
on the toe are applicable. Along the berm, it may also be
possible to use biostabilization methods. An overtopping rate
of 0.02 cubic feet per minute per foot is sufficient to cause
structural damage to buildings behind the revetment.
Example revetment design
Setting A 200-foot reach of shoreline along the south
bank on a 3-mile-long, 30-foot-deep lake is experiencing wave-
induced erosion during large storms. The clay-silt bank to be
protected has an average slope of 1V:3H slope (18.4 degrees).
The backshore is a campground with limited infrastructure.
Design variables Given that there is no critical devel-
opment in the backshore, a 10-year design condition is
selected. A gauging station in the lake indicates that the
Special Advertising Section CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc. PDH 
water depth at the toe of the bank is 4 feet
during the 10-year design event. At this water
level, the bank has 5 feet of freeboard. Analysis
of historical wind measurements indicates that
the 10-year, 2-minute wind speed from the north
is 50 mph. Using hindcast methods given in the SPM, the
wave height and period are estimated to be Hs = 4.4 feet,
and Tp = 3.7 seconds. It is assumed that the storm lasts more
than 40 minutes, allowing this wave condition to develop.
The same storms that cause high waves also cause the high
water levels, so the joint 10-year conditions correspond to
the water level and wave conditions as determined.
There are no offshore islands, sand bars, vegetation, or
other mechanisms that would modify the waves before they
reach the shoreline, and the wave approach is normally inci-
dent to the shoreline. The breaking wave height at the shore-
line can be estimated based on shoaling and the breaker
index as
0.2 0.2
gK (32.2) (0.78)
HB =
4P
0.4
(Hs2Tp ) =
4P
((4.4)2 (3.7))0.4 = 5.0 feet
Using Equation 3, this wave height breaks in a water
depth of approximately
hB = HB / K= 5.0 / 0.78 = 6.4 feet
Note that this depth is greater than the design depth of
4 feet. Therefore, the wave height at the toe is depth limited
and, using Equation 3, is approximately
H = K htoe = 0.78 (4) = 3.1 feet
It will often be the case for revetments in shallow water
that the wave heights are depth limited. In these cases, the
wave height can simply be estimated using Equation 3 with-
out the need for hindcast computations.
Riprap revetment The necessary riprap size is deter-
mined using the Hudson and van der Meer equations. The
Hudson equation gives
% = Hr / H 1 = 165 / 62.4 1 = 1.644
Hr Hs3 (165) (3.1)3
W50 = = = 167 pounds
KD %3cot B (2.2) (1.644)3 ( cot 18.4)
in which it is assumed that r = 165 pcf and KD = 2.2. This
stone weight has a nominal diameter of Dn50 = 12.0 inches.
The riprap size range is 21 to 668 pounds (6 to 19 inches)
and the thickness of the riprap layer is 2Dn50 = 24.0 inches.
The underlayer size using Equation 9 is Dn50 underlayer =
Dn50 cover/3.7 = 3.2 inches. The underlayer thickness is
3Dn50 underlayer, but not less than 1 foot. In this case, the
underlayer thickness is 1 foot. A fabric placed beneath the
underlayer requires suitable strength, UV, porosity, and
permeability properties as discussed above.
 Revetment Design Considerations in Sheltered Water Wave Conditions
For the van der Meer equation, it is necessary
to determine the mean period, the number of
waves, the surf similarity parameter, and then
which equation to use. The mean period is
Tm = Tp / 1.1 = 3.7 / 1.1 = 3.36 seconds
The number of waves is the storm duration divided by the
mean wave period or 7,500, whichever is less. The maximum
number of waves times the mean period gives 7.0 hours. If
the storm duration is longer than 7.0 hours, then N = 7,500.
If the storm duration is less than 7.0 hours, a reduced value
for N is used. For this example, it is assumed that storm
conditions last for longer than 7.0 hours, so N = 7,500.
Next, the surf similarity parameter and critical value for
the surf similarity parameter are determined.
2 1/2 1/2
gTm 32.2(3.36)2
Ym = tan B = tan 18.4 = 1.44
2 QH 2Q(3.1)
Ym critical = [6.2P 0.31(tan B)0.5]1/(P+0.5) =
[6.2(0.1) 0.31(tan18.4)0.5]1/(0.1+0.5) = 2.55
Since xm < xm critical, use Equation 7a.
Hs
= 6.2P 0.18S 0.2N -0.1Ym-0.5
% Dn50
3.1
m = 6.2(0.2)0.18(2)0.2(7500)-0.1(1.44)-0.5 COE, 1973, Shore Protection Manual, U.S. Army Corps of
1.644Dn50
m Dn50 = 1.04 feet = 12.5 inches
The corresponding weight is W50 = 184 pounds. The
riprap layer thickness and underlayer properties are similar to
and follow the same steps as the Hudson equation results.
ACB revetment The Pilarczyk equation is used to
determine the required ACB thickness. The immersed relative
density is
% = Hr / H 1 = 140 / 62.4 1 = 1.244
where the specific weight of the block has been taken as 140
pcf. The Pilarczyk equation is
Hs cos B H Yb
bZu G m D r s 
%D Yb % Zu Gcos B
3.1 (1.44)0.66
0.59 feet inches
1.244 2.50(2.25)cos18.4
in which coefficients appropriate for ArmorFlex have been
used. For this case, ArmorFlex Class 60 block with a thickness
of 7.5 inches would be selected. The individual blocks would
be cabled together into appropriate mat sizes using either
polyester, galvanized, or stainless steel cable depending on
 PDH Special Advertising Section CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc.
lake water salinity and project-specific logistics.
Prior to placement of the ACB cabled mat system, a site-
specific filter fabric compatible with the subgrade soils would
be placed on the graded formation, utilizing a minimum
1-foot overlap of successive rolls. Determination of the filter
fabric follows design criteria mentioned above. A 4- to 6-
inch-thick, coarse, uniformly graded, granular material (#57
crushed granite typical) is then placed as a filter (bedding)
layer over the site-dependent filter fabric. Blinding the ACB
system with a gravel material can enhance the stability of the
system by increasing the inter-block friction and providing a
means of load transfer over a greater area of the revetment.
Also, a site-specific soil dressing, followed by native grasses
and plants with shallow root systems could be planted within
the open cells of the blocks on the upper portions of the
slope to provide vegetation and associated habitat.
Note that stability equations have been developed for wind
waves and not boat wakes. A rule of thumb is to multiply the
wake height by 1.5 to estimate an equivalent Hs to use in the
stability equations (CUR, 1991). Also, the number of boat
wake waves is difficult to estimate. One boat passage only
generates a few waves, but there are many boats. Hence,
unless additional information is available, it is recommended to
use a maximum value of N = 7,500 in boat wake designs.
References
Engineers, Fort Belvoir, Va.
COE, 1984, Shore Protection Manual, U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Vicksburg, Miss.
COE, 2001, Coastal Engineering Manual, Part VI Design
of Coastal Project Elements, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,
Vicksburg, Miss.
CUR, 1991, Manual on the Use of Rock in Coastal and
Shoreline Engineering, AA Balkema Publishers, Brookfield,
Vt., 607 pages.
Pilarczyk, K.W., ed., 1990, Design of Seawalls and Dikes
Including Overview of Revetments, Chapter 7, Coastal
Protection, Balkema, The Netherlands.
Pilarczyk, K.W., ed., 2000, Geosynthetics and Geosystems
in Hydraulic and Coastal Engineering, Balkema, The
Netherlands.
Christopher I. Thornton, Ph.D., P.E., is director of the
Hydraulics Laboratory and Engineering Research Center at
Colorado State University. He can be contacted at 970-491-8394.
Richard Kane, erosion control product manager, CONTECH
Construction Products, Inc., has 10 years of experience in the
geotechnical, environmental, and civil engineering industries. He
can be contacted at kaner@contech-cpi.com.
 Professional Development Series Quiz
Quiz Instructions
On the Professional Development Series Reporting Form below,
circle the correct answer for each of the following questions. 6. The Hudson stability coefficient increases
with increasing unit stability.
1. Which of the following are not used to specify a wave? a) true
a) wave height b) false
b) water depth
c) water temperature 7. Articulating concrete blocks are typically sized for protec-
d) wave period tion in wave environments using what procedure?
a) factor of safety method
2. Low-energy wave conditions would not be anticipated on: b) Hudson formula
a) lake shorelines c) Pilarczyk methodology
b) open ocean coasts d) van de Meer equations
c) rivers banks
d) bay shorelines 8. Which of the following components are important in the
design of revetments in wave environments?
3. The underlayer functions do not include: a) armor layer stable in design wave conditions
a) drainage b) design of appropriate longitudinal protection to mini-
b) containment of the fines mize flanking
c) surface for placing armor layer c) filter layer design to accommodate wave run up and
d) structural strength drainage
d) all of the above
4. When referring to waves, deep water means:
a) waves in water depths greater than 100 feet 9. For the same wave height, period, and structure slope, an
b) water depths greater than 1/2 the wave length articulating concrete block selected for fresh water will be
c) water depths greater than the twice the wave length what in relation to one designed for salt water?
d) water depth greater than 1/2 the wave height a) same thickness
b) thinner
5. Wave height is measured as: c) thicker
a) vertical distance from the bottom to the wave crest d) not enough information given to determine
b) slope distance along revetment from the minimum to
maximum water level 10. Riprap is more stable in waves than armor stone.
c) horizontal distance from wave crest to wave crest a) true
d) vertical distance from wave crest to trough b) false

Professional Development Series Sponsor:

9025 Centre Pointe Dr., Suite 400, West Chester, OH 45069
Phone: 513-645-7877 Fax: 513-645-7993 Email: info@contech-cpi.com Web: www.contech-cpi.com

CE News Professional Development Series Reporting Form

Article Title: Revetment Design Considerations in Sheltered Water Wave Conditions Publication Date: October 2007
Sponsor: CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc. Valid for credit until: October 2008

Instructions: Select one answer for each quiz question and clearly circle the appropriate letter. Provide all of the requested contact information.
Fax this Reporting Form to 513-645-7993. (You do not need to send the Quiz; only this Reporting Form is necessary to be submitted.)
1) a b c d 6) a b
2) a b c d 7) a b c d
3) a b c d 8) a b c d
4) a b c d 9) a b c d
5) a b c d 10) a b

Required contact information

Last Name: First Name: Middle Initial:
Title: Firm Name:
Address:
City: State: Zip:
Telephone: Fax: E-mail:

Certification of ethical completion: I certify that I read the article, understood the learning objectives, and completed the quiz questions
to the best of my ability. Additionally, the contact information provided above is true and accurate.
Signature: Date:

Special Advertising Section CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc. PDH 

 KEEPING YOUR PROJECT
ON STABLE GROUND
CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc. offers unmatched site-engineering
expertise together with the industrys widest selection of permanent and temporary erosion
control, soil stabilization and retaining wall products. Anywhere unstable soil must be shaped,
contoured, retained, or secured, CONTECH has the solution.

The first choice for architects, engineers, contractors, and project managers nationwide, CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions includes
Keystone Retaining Wall Systems, Bin-Wall,Vista DSM, Metric Sheeting, Tensar Geogrids, LANDLOK Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRMs),
PYRAMAT, Geotextiles (Woven and Non-woven), Erosion Control Blankets (ECBs), Temporary Erosion Control Products, Silt Fence,
ARMORTEC Family of Products, GEOLINK, Modular Gabion Systems, Stone Mattresses, Pile Shell, Liner Plate, and TENAX RoaDrain.

To Learn More About CONTECH Earth Stabilization Solutions Inc., call (800) 338-1122 or visit www.contechess.com.
9025 Centre Pointe Drive, Suite 400 West Chester, Ohio 45069
Enter #293 at cenews.com/infodirect