IRACST Engineering Science and Technology: An International Journal (ESTIJ), ISSN: 2250-3498,
Vol.3, No.2, April 2013
RAPID SETTING SOREL CEMENT WITH M-SAND
STRENRTH AND WORKABILITY ASPECTS
K.J.SAMPAULJEBANIM, S.Manjuladevi Dr.S.Senthilkumar
DepartmentofCivilEngineering, DepartmentofCivilEngineering,
KarunyaUniversity, KarunyaUniversity, K.S.RangasamyCollegeofEngineering,
Coimbatore641114, Coimbatore641114,
Email:nim3browny@gmail.com Email:manzulaa_1981@yahoo.co.in
ABSTRACT -- There is a great interest in the
improvement, properties and implementation of
alternatives to Portland cement as a binder in
concrete and also alternatives to fine and coarse
aggregates in concrete. To reduce the energy used
in production of Portland cement clinker and the
associated greenhouse gas emission. Magnesium
phosphate cements (MPCs) have been extensively
used as fast setting cements in civil engineering.
They have properties that are also similar to
biomedical applications, such as fast setting and
early strength. The cements were prepared by
mixing magnesium oxide (MgO) with either
sodium dihydrogen phosphate(NaH2PO4) or
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH4H2PO4).
In this study, the effect of varying percentages of
fly ash with M-sand on compressive strength of
high performance concrete has been evaluated. All
the percentages have been studied in terms of
compressive strength and flexural strength.
Keywords Concrete, Magnesium phosphate
Cement, M- sand, fly ash.
1. INTRODUCTION
Concrete is a widely used construction material for
various types of structures due to its durability. For a
long time it was considered to be very durable
material requiring a little or no maintenance. Many
environmental phenomena are known significantly
the durability of reinforced concrete structures. We
build concrete structures in highly polluted urban and
industrial areas, aggressive marine environments and
many other hostile conditions where other materials
of construction are found to be nondurable. In the
recent revision of IS:456-2000,one of the major
points discussed is the durability aspects of concrete.
So the use of concrete is very essential. At the same
DepartmentofCivilEngineering
Tiruchengode637215
Email : senthil.env@gmail.com
time the scarcity of aggregates are also greatly
increased nowadays.
Utilization of industrial soil waste or secondary
materials has been encouraged in construction field
for the production of cement and concrete because it
contributes to reducing the consumption of natural
resources. For many years, by products such as slag,
silica fume and fly ash were considered as waste
materials. In the construction industry they have been
successfully used for partial or full replacement for
fine and coarse aggregates
II. MATERIALS
A. FLY ASH
Fly ash is finely divided residue resulting from
the combustion of powdered coal and transported
by the flue gases and collected by electrostatic
precipitator.
Fly ash is the most widely used pozzolanic material
all over the world. Fly ash was first used in large
scale in the construction of Hungry Horse dam in
America in the approximate amount of 30 per cent by
weight of cement.
The use of fly ash as concrete admixture not
only extends technical advantages to the
properties of concrete but also contributes to the
environmental pollution control.
The fly ash can be used by two ways: one way is to
intergrind certain percentage of fly ash with cement
clinker at the factory to produce Portland pozzolana
cement (PPC) and the second way is to use the fly
ash as an admixture at the time of making concrete at
the site of work
ASTM broadly classifies fly ash into two classes.
Class F: Fly ash normally produced by burning
anthracite or bituminous coal, usually has less than
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Vol.3, No.2, April 2013

5% CaO. Class F fly ash has pozzolanic properties

only.
Class C: Fly ash normally produced by burning
lignite or sub-bituminous coal. Excess of 10% CaO
content may have been in class C fly ash. In addition
to pozzolanic properties, class C fly ash also can
possesses cementitious properties.

B.MAGNESIUM PHOSPHATE CEMENT:

Magnesium-Phosphate Cement is a blend of Figure 2.Ammonium phosphate salt

magnesium oxide (MgO) and ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate (NH4H2PO4) or alkali phosphate salt such
as sodium or potassium phosphate or an agricultural
fertilizer solution known as 10-34-0 (NPK
designation) can also be used.
Rapid hardening but long enough setting time to cast,
high early strength, good bond, and compatibility
with old concrete. This type of cement can obtain
several thousand psi compressive strength in 1 hr.
These materials are usually applied for repairing the
surface damage of many concrete structures such as
highway pavements, airport runways, bridge decks, Figure 3.magnesium phosphate cement(MPC)
key municipal roads, and other concrete structures
rapidly.
C. M- SAND:
1) Process :
Increasing cost of natural sand
The phosphate-cement process is based on an acid- Easy availability of msand
base reaction. Here we describe the process based on
When used a good quality msand it
monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4).
The reaction product is magnesium phosphate is said that there is an increase in
(MgKPO4. 6H2O) that is formed by dissolution of
strength by 10% than natural sand
MgO in the solution of KH2PO4 and its eventual
reaction to form the product according to the Cheaper than natural sand
reaction:
Table 1 .Properties of M-sand:
MgO + KH2PO4 + 5H2O MgKPO4. 6H2O Properties values
Fineness modulus 2.4
Specific gravity 2.67
Water absorption 1%
Rodded bulk density 1.85g/cc
Grading zone II

III. SEM ANALYSIS

Figure 1.Magnesium Oxide(Mgo)
A scanning electron microscope (SEM) produces
images of a sample by scanning it with a focused
beam of electrons. These electrons interact with
electrons in the sample, producing various signals

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Vol.3, No.2, April 2013

which contain information about the sample's surface A. Consistency Test

topography and composition. SEM can achieve
resolution better than 1 nanometer. Table 3 : consistency test results

Components value

Ordinary Portland cement 34%

Blended cement (25% OPC + 50% MPC + 42%
25% fly ash)

Fig 1: sem images of Magnesium Oxide B.Initial Setting Time

Table 4 : Initial setting time result

Components Value
Ordinary Portland cement 30 minutes

Blended cement (25% OPC + 50% 25 minutes

MPC + 25% fly ash)
Fig 2: SEM images of ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate
C.Properties of Fine Aggregate
IV. MIX DESIGN
In table 2, the details of the mix design are given.
Table 5: Properties of fine aggregate
Table 2 : Mix design of concrete using IS
10262:2009 Property River Sand M-Sand
M25 M30
material Quantity Mix Quantity Mix Specific gravity 2.79 2.82
(Kg/m3) ratio (Kg/m3) ratio
Cement 425.78 1 445 1 Loose density 1.87 g/cc 1.94 g/cc
Fine 685 1.6 670 1.5
Rodded density 1.87 g/cc 1.94 g/cc
aggregate
Coarse 1209 2.8 1186 2.6 Grading Zone II II
aggregate
Water 191.6 .45 191.6 .43

D.Properties of Coarse Aggregate

V. EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS
Table 6: Properties of coarse aggregate
Basic tests to find out the physical properties of
various ingredients in blended cement concrete have Property Coarse aggregate
been conducted to continue the thesis. The results of
the various tests are tabulated and the comparisons Specific gravity 2.75
are produced in graphical form in the following Density 1.58 g/cc
session.

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Vol.3, No.2, April 2013

E.Tests on Strength

Compressive Strength of Cement (N/mm2)

Compressive Strength of Concrete (N/mm2)

Fig 4: Comparison of strength development of

Fig 6: Comparison of Cube compressive Strength of
Cement using river sand and M-Sand
M25 concrete between OPC and blended cement with
M-Sand

Fig 5: compressive strength of cement.

Fig 7:Comparison of Cube compressive Strength of

M30 concrete between OPC and blended cement with
M-Sand

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Vol.3, No.2, April 2013

Fig 8: compressive strength of concrete testing setup

for cylinder Fig 10: Comparison of Cylindrical compressive
Strength of M30 concrete between OPC and blended
cement with M-Sand

Split tensile Strength of Concrete (N/mm2)

Fig 11: Comparison of split tensile Strength for M25

grade concrete between OPC and blended cement
Fig 9: Comparison of Cylindrical compressive with M-Sand
Strength of M25 concrete between OPC and blended
cement with M-Sand

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Vol.3, No.2, April 2013

concrete for M25 and 28% for M30 at 28th

day testing.
5. Split tensile strength of blended cement
concrete with M-sand was found to be
increased by 25% than conventional
concrete for M25 and 17% for M30 at 28th
day testing.
6. The pH value of blended cement
concrete,M25 and M30 conventional
concrete are 11.9,10.8 and 11.2 respectively.

REFERENCE:

[1] An experimental investigation on effect of

fly ash and metakaolin on steel fibre
Fig 12: Comparison of split tensile Strength for M30 reinforced concrete at temperature upto 200
grade concrete between OPC and blended cement
deg Celsius Ankur.A.patel,
with M-Sand
Mrs.Deepa.A.Sinha
[2] Investigatiosn on fly ash concrete for
Test on Durability Alkalinity Test
Table 7: pH value of concrete pavements Vanitha Aggarwal,Gupta
S.M,Sachdeva S.N
Concrete grade pH value
[3] Utilization of magnesium phosphate
M25 10.8 cements to facilitate biodegradation within a
M30 11.2 stabilized/solidified contaminated soil
blended cement concrete 11.9 Reginald B.Kogbara,Abir Al-Tabbaa and
SrinathR.Iyengar
[4] Magnesium Oxide, Magnesium Chloride
CONCLUSION
and Phosphate-based Cements George
1. A detailed review of literature was done to
study the various properties of MPC and fly Swanson
ash. Various tests on cement, fine aggregate [5] Development of sustainable cementitious
and coarse aggregate was carried out. materials Zongjin Li,Zhu
2. Compressive strength of mortar cubes with
blended cement and M-sand was found to be Ding,Yunsheng Zhang.
increased by 7% than mortar cubes with [6] Mechanical Properties of Concrete Beam
OPC at 28th day testing. Made of a Large Amount of Fine Fly Ash
3. Cube Compressive strength of blended T.Koyama, Y.P. Sun, T. Fujinaga, H.
Koyamada and F.Ogata.
cement concrete with M-sand was found to
[7] Advantages of using Fly Ash in Concrete
be increased by 45% than conventional PPC or site mixing of OPC and fly ash site
concrete for M25 and 21% for M30 at 28th Anil Banchhor, S. Krishnan
day testing.
4. Cylindrical Compressive strength of blended
cement concrete with M-sand was found to
be increased by 33% than conventional

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