Chapter 9 Vibration Control 1500 If V= speed of the automobile in km/hr» we ange aw fr lect = -ozysiy rad/s - ke aya One Ve = A)? = 16-3299 rad/s = & _ 0:3491V On ~ Tragag7 = 0702138 Vv ™ I$ x= displacement of mass (passengers), we have KXloa4 4 Fie OO Yor 4 = 45693 x10 V™ Ke to = " 1= 4.5693 xt v? to% — 4.5693 v™ . _ [to000 _\+ = 0 of y= (Seas) = 46.7816 m/he Thus passengers will perceive vibration in the neighborhood of 46.7816 km/hr Speed. Possible methods of improving the design: 4. change the stiffness of the system by changing tire pressure, or springs of the Suspension. 2. change the mass of the system by adding more mass (dead weight). 9 3, Add damping to the system by using better shock absorbers. 569x(t) = X cos ct , x4) = x* costwt 7 f xtc) dt = (Tt costust dt = x o ° 25T, 4 sin gest i tae ms = Lim 1 f TE at} To -\ sin 2097 } - =x rms = For state balance : ERs 0, BR=0 Here Z Fes my cor 0+ man cof 02 FLT Ost met of O20 > 45 (Wo) cof 40° + 15(90) cS 220° + 25 (130) <6 290" + mere coh ae = 0 F 29494 = 10dG LF UNS + mete UF Oe =O > mr HAs - 3026-5 ZIFy = mmr, sin Oy + mary Sin Opt MTs Sin Oy + mere Sin Oc = 0 > 435 (lo) Sin 40° + 1530) Sin 220" + 25 (130) sin 290° + MMe Sin =O > 2414.78 — 967-78 ~ 3054-025 + MM sin Oe =O > mete Sin Ge = 1447-025 mere = [Ga026.5)7+ (1947-028) 7] 4 3354-6361 g-mm -25-5525° 570‘Mass removed from holes 1 and 2 is 100 grams, and from 3 and 4 is 150 grams, radius for holes 1 to 4 is 0.1 m, 5 hole at a radius of 0.12 m. Solution: Unbalance due to hole is proportional to (rm) mass removed from 5” hole radius at which 5% hole is drilled = 0.12 m. angle at which 5" hole is drilled. DY nm, cos 8, feat = 0.1 (0.1) cos 0° + 0.1 (0.1) cos 60° + 0.1 (0.15) cos 120° + 0.1 (0.15) cos 180° +r, m, cos 6; = 0.01 + 0.005 ~ 0.0075 - 0.015 + 0.12 m, cos 8, 0.12 m, cos 0, = 0.0075 0 = 0.1 (0.1) sin 0° + 0.1 (@.1) sin 60° + 0.1 (0.15) sin 120° + 0.1 (0.15) sin 180° +r, m, sin 0, = 0+ 0.00866 + 0.01299 + 0 +r, m, sin 6, 0.12 mg sin 0, = - 0.02165 0.0075)" + (- 0.02165)" = 0.1909 (ke) = 0.02165) Doors | =~ 70-8929 4 Ym 5 c08 6, a since all r, are same, we have 0.5 cos 10° + 0.7 cos 100° + 1.2 cos 190° + m, cos 8, => 0.4924 — 0.12152 — 1.18176 + m, cos 6, = 0 81088 => m, cos 0, = 4 ER= D) mn sin 6,=0 a => 0.5 sin 10° + 0.7 sin 100° + 1.2 sin 190° + m, sin 0, = 0 = 0.0868 + 0,6894 ~ 0.2083 + m, sin 8, => m, sin 0, = - 0.56788 1 m, = [(0.81088)° + (- 0.56788)" = 0.98996 kg. = tan [ =9:58788 0.81088 6, 35.0045° 571Amplitude of unbalance 0.2 mm, x. phase angle of unbalance 40°. >, w trial weight M = 0.2 kg, at a radius 0.065 m., Aa new amplitude of unbalance 0.5 mm., new phase angle 150°. >, balancing weight to be located at a radial distance of 0.065 m. Solution: R, = (0.2, 40° cow) PL ut w = (0.5, 150° cow) : Ay = TAL + Abew 2 Ay Aus w 608 (> ~ OF = (0.2? + 0.57 — 2 (0.2) (0.5) cos 110°)? 5987 original unbalance = Asla= (22) 92 = 0.06681 ke. Ay) 0.5987 | = cos! ee + 0.5987 — 0.57 | = cos (0.6199) 2 (0.2) (0.5987) = 51.6912° cow Grinding wheel will be balanced if a weight of 0.06681 kg is added at 51.6912° clockwise from the position of the trial weight or (65 + 51.6912°) = 116.6912° clockwise from the phase mark. Unbalance amplitude 0.15 mm, trial weight of mass 50 grams, new unbalance amplitude 0.22 mm. Solution: R, = (0.15, 15° ew) Basu = (0.22, 35° cow) 1 A, = [AZ +A2, 4 —2Ay Ay. 4 cos (0- OF , (0.15? + 0.22? — 2 (0.15) (0.22) cos (50°)|* = 0.1687 mm original unbatance = ( 8») at = (25) 0.05 = 0.0444 ke. A, 0.1687) 0.16% + 0.1687? - 0. 2 [ 2 (0.15) (0.1687) 2A, A, Ab+AR Aa a=cost |S a | = 008) = cos“ (0.05058) = 87.1009" cew Flywheel will be balanced if a mass of 0.0444 kg is added at 87.1009° ew from the position of the trial mass or (~45 + 87.1009) = 42.1009° ew from the phase mark. 572Original unbalance amplitude 0.1 mm, trial weight of mass M = 100 grams, amplitude 0.2 mm. Solution: (0.1, 45° cow) = Busy = (0.2, 145° cw) Ay = [AZ +A2., — 2A, A,, 4 cos 6 - OF = (0.12 + 0.22 ~ 2 (0.1) (0.2) cos 100°)? = 0.2386 mm on 0.2386. M, = original unbalance = (| M ( } 0.1 = 0.0419 kg. = cov [ALTARS Ads w -1 {0.1% + 0.23867 ~ 0.2% = cost | Aut Aw —Ausw | < gog-t | 0-1 + 0.2886" — 0.2" 2A Ay (| 2x 0.1 x 0.2886 = cos"! (0.5643) = 55.6440" cow Grinding wheel will be balanced if a mass of 0.0419 kg is added at 55.6440° ew from the position of trial weight or (20° + 55.6440°) = 75.6440° ew from the phase mark. Figure 3.11(b) shows that the phase ample MeTinstam the Aisplacement and the Aniving Sdice is 90° of a freppamey vaio of v= 1. the it due te the contiigugal foite of the eccenfric mass, the direction of the unbolamcel mass 4 99° ahead of the deplacemect. Hence the mows for fo be removed af 229°+ 90° = 319° ot 573For static balance, sum of all inertia forces must be zero: mH met + mt Ms Tt M2 The = 0 «&) which can be written in sealar form as mT) 88, + Myre Co Oz + ms Ty OF Os + ME, TL, ot OL, + my, My FOL=O (2) Myf; Sin it mary Sin Oy + 31g Sin z+ mY}, Sin OL, + Mm, Th, Sin O,, = O For dynamic balance, sum of moments due to inertia foide must be zero about any point. The moments about the points defined by the intersection of z-axis with pane Ay gives | {ym OT, + Lam w+ Lymer + Kim, Tat fhe re8 or (Ea) Amr, F6.+ mr, ofe.+ tim tert Lam. 4, 4 e,20° GD Limpry sin 8,4 Lata ty sin 0n+ Lams ry sin z+ Aamrty, sin, =0 (Ee) Egs. (Es) amd (Es) give ™y, Tip TlGnn wh + Aamir, Or + Lama ry oF ay + ymin, Hin oye Lamar ten One My my ry Hm es) ye (©) toa! { Jim t Aen ,+ Lam, ry dim 0,4 Lgmy ry =") ( = TTT er? Pe GC} fm 1+ Lament, ct ont Agmyty ot 03 Once my, amd 9, are found, gs: (Er) amd (E;) cam be used to determine ms, Mb = fom CB Oy + MaMa CF Og + 2% Gof OZ + ™E Thy OF on) + (mrsin Ort Mar, din Ope m4 Ty Hm Og + Ma Tha tm ous)’ f ©) - ee! frei Sin O,+ MmaYa Sin Oz + Mz Ty Sin Os + MT, Sin Oba ( ) om mT, Cob y+ aT, Ch Op + MzTy CA Oy + My, Ty, cof ai ° 5740.1 kg, radius 0.08 m. 0.1 kg., holes drilled at 0.1 m radius. Solution: Let My and Mg be the amount (masses) of the material removed in planes B and C at angular locations 05 and Qc, respectively. The material removed must balance the masses added (temporarily) in planes A and D. Measuring angles counter clockwise from the horizontal (x-axis), we need to satisfy the following equations for static balancing of the rotor: DY Mincos 8; + My ry c08 8 + Mg te cos 8 = 0 ,) DM ssin 6, + My rp sin Oy + Mo rp sin 0, = 0 ®) Since M,=M,=M,=M,=0.1 kg, 6, Ty =p =1y = 1, = 0.08 m, Fy = Fo = 0.1 m. Eqs. (E,) and (E,) yield: 0.1 (0.08) cos 90° + 0.1 (0.08) cos (~ 60°) + 0.1 (0.08) cos (120°) + 0.1 (0.08) cos (~ 120°) + 0.1 My cos Oy + 0.1 Mg cos Oy = 0 10°, 8, = — 60°, 8, = 120°, 8, = ~ 120°. s => Mycos Oy + Mg 08 Oy = 0.04 &) 0.1 (0.08) sin 90° + 0.1 (0.08) sin (— 60°) + 0.1 (0.08) sin (120°) + 0.1 (0.08) sin (- 120°) + 0.1 My sin 6, + 0.1 My sin 0, = 0 > Mg sin 03 + Mg sin Og = - 0.0107 (ED For dynamic balancing (taking moments from plane A), M, r, S, cos 0, + M, r, 8, cos 0, + My ry Sy C08 Oy + Mg tg So C08 O, = 0 M, r, S, sin 0, + M, r, 8, sin 0, + My ry Sy sin 0, + Mg rq Sg sin Op ie, 0.1 (0.08) (0.6) cos 120° + 0.1 (0.08) (0.6) cos (-120°) + My (0.1) (0.1) cos 6, + Mg (0.1) (0.5) cos 0, = 0 0.1 (0.08) (0.6) sin 120° + 0.1 (0.08) (0.6) sin (120°) + Mp (0.1) (0.1) sin 0, + Mg (0.1) (0.5) sin 0, = 0 ie, 0.01 My cos 8, + 0.05 Mg cos O, = 0.0048 ©) 0.01 My sin 0, + 0.05 Mg sin 0, = 0 &) Eqs. (E,) and (E,) give 4Mg cos 8g = 0.44 or Mg cos Og = 0.11 (E,) Eqs. (E,) and (E,) give 5754 Mg sin 8, = 0.0107 or Mg sin Og = 0.002675 @) Eqs. (E,) and (E,) yield Mc = [0.117 + 0.026757}? = 0.1100 (kg) tan“) 9.002675) _ | soaie &) oar % Eqs (Es) and (Ey) give Mg cos 6, = —0. oooe Eqs (B,) and (B,) give Mp sin 0, = 0.01337 Eo) My = [(-0.06997)? + (-0.01337)"]?= 0.07124 (kg) _, {0.01387 ° 6, = tan | =) oggg7 | = 10-8178" Amount of material to be removed: 0.07124 kg at 10.8178° cow at radius 0.1 m in plane B and 0.11 kg at 1.3931° ecw at radius 0.1 m in plane C. Masses 1 kg, 2 kg, 1.5 kg are located at radii 0.5 m, 0.8 m and 0.3 m. Solution: M,=1kg, My =2 kg, My = 1.5 kg. ro = 0.5 m, rp = 0.8 m, ry = 0.3 m. 0c = 90°, Op = 220°, 0, =~ 30°. Let My, r4, 8, and Mg, Fg, Og denote the masses added in planes A and G, respectively. For static balancing, Mere 008 0, + My tp C08 8p + Mg ry cos Op + My rg cos 0, + Mg Tg cos Og = 0 = Mgr, cos 8, + Mg Tg cos 8g = 0.8360 «,) Mg re sin O¢ + Mp fp sin Op + My ry sin Oy + My rq sin 0, + Mg rg sin Og = Myr sin @,+Mg in Og = 0.2465 &) 576For dynamic balancing, we take moments about the left bearing (plane B) Mg re Se 008 Og + Mp Fp Sp C08 Bp + My Tp Sp C08 Op + Myr, Sq 008 04 + Mg rq Sq €03 Og = 0 = -0.4 Mg rq cos 04 + 2.2 Mg tg c08 Og = 0.6021 M, 5 Sp sin Og + Mp tp Sp sin Op + Mg rg Sx sin Og + Myr, Sy sin 0, + Mg rg Sg sin Og = 0 => 0.4 My ry sin 0, + 2.2 Mg tq sin Og = 1.0885 Eqs. (E,) and (B,) yield 6.5 Mg rg cos Og = 2.3413 or Mg tg cos O, = 0.3602 Eqs. (E,) and (E,) give 6.5 Mg rg sin Og = 2.4748 or Mg rg sin Og = 0.3807 Eqs. (E,) and (E,) give = [(0.3602)? + (0.3807)"]? = 0.5241 kg-m = tan 0.3807 0.3602 8 | = 46.5849" Eqs. (E,), (E,) and (E,) yield 0.8360 — (0.5241) cos 46,5849° = 0.4758 | 0.2465 — (0.5241) sin 46.5849° = -0.6272 My tq c08 Oy Ma m4 sin Oy Eq. (E,) provides Ma ty = [(0.4758)" + 0.6272)" = 0. 1513] = — 52.8157" | €,) ) «) &) ) «) (Ey) If the balancing weights are placed at a radial distance of 0.05 m in planes A and G, we have ry = Tq = 0.5 m, and hence M, = 1.5746 (kg), 6, =~ 52.8157° 0482 (kg), O 6.5849" 577100° 0.8682 + i 4.9240 Vg = 4L180° 4.0-10.0 Vi, = 65/120 .25 + 1 6.6292 Vi, = 4.5L140° 3.4472 + i 2.8925 0/90 0 +160 Vi = 7.01.60" 5 + {6.0622 M,,= 2.030 7321 +i 1.0 My =20L0 = 2.0 +100 AR, = Age = > L ad Va = Va Mp 0.6918/51,0984° M 4.2815/—49.7058° ae) = Vs - Vs Ne Va Mr = 2.1217 /-39.2682° 2 2 2 3 = Apr Va — Ane Vo S35 3 Agr Aa Aan Ant. ees Ast Va — Aap Ve S338 Aa Aan —Aat Ana U,, = 4.2315/—49.7058" 1217 [-39.2682°2) = Woo 2E = 04-72 rad/s Centrifugal forces due to rotating masses (all parallel to 437 plane) are mn W2= (F000) (Boo )(o4-72)* = £3-8651 N Fz mpm 08" = (20/000) (Yioo) (104-72)" = 109663 IN zu) Fre nity * = (40/000) (6/oo) (104-72)? = 26-3191 N ee These can be written in vector form as . F=f fr = 43-8651 20° 2 gases 7 Te F (9) R= Fy lex = 10-9663 [120° =-5.4832 F + 9-497) © Re F Les = 26-191 (200° =~ 24.7319 F-20017 © The moments of these forces taken about tm bearing at A mut be balanced Ly the moment of the leaning reacLionat B. Hence EM, = 02D x anaes: T+ os Tx (5402 T+ e-4971 Z ) Hod T x(-24-7319 F-20017 Ke ino x RED where Ry = reaction at bearing B and’ x" denotes the Cross product. 7! is ives = > = > => ? =15.1307 2452524 FH rc x Rp =O --- (&) let Ry=(a jp +47). then (E,) amd (€,) give ir - ce iD x(af+be daria x @ =13-7552 , b= 4.7749 Rye (3°75525 4 4.7749 © Similarly, by taxing moments about B, mot x (24-739 f- 9.0017 F) 0-6 Tx C5492 549-4971 £) os tx (aes FS) mtx Rao where Ry = reaction at bearing A= cp+d x ¢ 92423 TH eae TF Led TF e= 28-4021, d= 35436 a Ry 728-4001 F - 35436 < Note that these are rotating vectors. (b) Since the planes Lamd R pass through the bearings Aand B, the balancing forces are given by _ Be = - By = -18-7552 F-47749 = mre (cA Og 5 +4in Op Z) hes Mg (0°25) (104-72)™ cos Op = - 19-7552 mp (0°25) (104.72)* fin OR = - 4.7749 Mp CS Og = — 0005017, mp Ain Og = ~ 0-001742 579Mp= (C0:005017)*+ (9.001742) = 0-00531 tg = 5-3 g @g= tan i Onaaaiae as 205017) = 19-1480" + 150"= 199-1480" Bs -R = 28-400 Frases K = mw (te F+ane, ©) he: mo = hee 001036 (25) (104-72) me sin p= 2436S o.o01293 (0-25 ) (104-72) m= VG cones (o-001293)* = 0-01044 49 = 10-44 9 O,= tan! (2700129%/.01036) = 7a? Note: Angles are measured clockwise from g-axit while Looring $rom_A_ towards B+ Stiffness of steel shaft between bearings = 48.200 10°) (Zo o2y ‘) = 178.722 x 103 Nim (0.75)° \ 64 178.722 x 10° 45 (©) Vibration amplitude of the rotor (steady state value): E (9.39) gives the amplitude of the rotor in x-direction as i (@) Critical seep = 0, \e 1 = 63.0206 rad/sec 2 2 ; more X= D mo? e when damping is zero = —™® © — |i - ma Qn Here w = 1200 rpm = 1200 (2 60 ) 125.664 rad/sec = 0.01 m, m w* = (45) (125.664)? = 710.615 x 10° 1 — 710.615 x 10° X = (45) (125.664)? (0.01) = 13.3601 x 10% m [178.722 « 10" Similarly the amplitude in y-direction is given by Y=X= 13.3601 x 10-9 m R= VX? +? = 18.894 x 10 m Resultant amplitude of the flywheel (©) Force transmitted to the bearing supports = KR = 178.722 x 10° x 18.894 x 10° 376.782 N 580Ke aaa where t= distance between bearings. Considering bearings as Simple supports, the spring constant of the "9 ple suppor pring cor Let r= variable position of center of mass, ani B= static radial displacement Mt os center of mass. then equation of motion is 2 _*# = = mr w= &(r- Ss) yom Be koma? pynamic force =F= mrio* = mire Sy since F acts at the widdle of the beam go 2M Yoox FL a where d= diameter of thast men = com San= FeA L mo®u & Ld ar 8 (¢-mo*) Substituting the expression for *, =, = mat Se kd (aren se 3z =m) mass 20 Ky 2-5 em / 4 + jo Stiffness of a simply supported beam: 9) | 4) weet _ 48 (207 (10! »| T (0.025 } 19.0521 (104) N/m Natural frequency of the system: a-VWE- af sea 12.0821 (10°) 9. gor4rad/see Frequency of rotor (speed of shaft}: w= =“ (2 7) = 628.32 rad/see art Whirl amplitude of the dise: A= Vo Py + (2 or) 581{a) At operating speed: 2, 628,32 ‘Sn 07.6014 = 6.4376 A (0.005) (6.43787) ‘V (1 — 6.4376)? + (2 (0.01) (6.4376))* = 0.005124 m (b) At critical speed (Eq. 9.41): Critical speed: w= = oo 97.6014 Tor lyse _ 1 (30.0408 \2|? f 2 oy f 2 Beer where ¢ = 2 Vk m ¢ =2 V(19.0521 (10*)) (20) (0.01) = 39.0406 N—s/m. AOL-TSS5. _ 1 o428 97.6014 101.7565 rad/see A= (0.008) (1.0426%) = 0.06074 m Va — 1.04267)? + (2 (0.01) (1.0426)? (c) At 1.5 times critical speed: 15 Wai _ 152.6347 oh 97.6014 (0.005) (1.5638") = 0.008457 m. (1 — 1.5638? + (2 (0.01) (1.5638))* = 1.5638 A (a) At operating speed: 6.4376 ; w = 628.32 rad/see. Deflection of mass center: 1 - 1+(2sr?__ |? x {ee : 1 + (2 (0.01) (6.4376)? pe 2465 (1074 = (oan Seaare7F + (2 (0.01) (saareyr] 7 P85 O° ym Centrifugal force: _m «? R = (20) (628.327) (1.2465 (10™*)) = 984.2015 N mv R 2 Bearing reactions: R, =R; = = 492.1007 N =2 a == 025" Ie Qt=q ) 1.9175 (10 04 582Maximum bending stress: éyd 1, , 0.025 > 492.1007 (=) (—— < Pees Le 2 * : 6040 Ny; I L.9175 (10™ 18040 (108) N/a (b) At critical speed: 1 = 1.0426 ; w = 101.7565 rad/see 1 = 1+ (2 (0.01) (1.0426)? fe R= (0.005) ta — 1.04267)? + (2 (0.01) (1.0426)? 0.05889 m Centrifugal force: m u* R = (20) (101.7565) (0.05589) = 11574.1319 N R, = Ry = 5787.0650 N Maximum bending stress: R ® ) 5787.0859 ® (2.025: = = —__ = 18.8627 (10°) N/m® T 1.9175 (10 (20") N/a (c) At 1.5 times critical speed: mo? R 1.5638 ; « = 152.6347 rad/sec st Ry Re 1 _ 1+ (2 (0.01) (1.5638)? Le os R= (0.008) e TisessF + (2 (0.0 (Lsesayr] ~°°eo™ Centrifugal force: m uf R = (20) (152.6347?) (0.003460) = 1612.1767 N R, =R, = 806.0884 N Maximum bending stress: (08.0884) (2) (2928, = 2 2 9.6974 (10°) N/m? 1.9175 (1 Stiffness of beam (k): G3) ve = SSEL _, 48:(71 (0°) (1.9175 (1079) _ ggg47.7344 N/m -*3- 3 H Natural frequency: ai VE= [EEA a 51.3011 rd fee 583(a) At operating speed: Ww _ 628,32 = 628.32 rad/sec; r= = 2 rad/sec; r = - isi = 10-902 art ‘Whirl amplitude of rotor: A a {e —} vtec 2 (0.008) (10.99217) = 0.008041 m T fo — 10.9921?) + (2 (0.01) oom}? (b) At critical speed: c=m2Vkmo=2 Messer, 7344) 4) G0) (0.01) = 22.8644 N-s/m 57.1611 Wgj = = 2 = SEI 59.5948 rad fcc 1-i(<) {vey 12 (22-8644 racy 2 [57.1611 w 59.5946 = = oo = 1.0426 r= 7 pasa 7 0.06074 m {a — 1.04267)? + (2 (0.01) cons} (c) At 1.5 times critical speed: = "1.5638 (0.005) (1.5638" A > = 0.008457 m {a — 1.56387)? + (2 (0.01) casas]? (a) At operating speed: = 10.9921 ; = 628.32 rad/sec. Deflection of mass center of dise: 5841 (0.005) f + (2 (0.01) casey" R= <= 0.4272 (107 fo — 10.99217)? + (2 (0.01) casey Centrifugal force: m u? R = 20 (628.32") (0.4272 (107*)) = 337.3052 N mn = 168.6526 N Ri (Z)(S) (nes.ssesy Fy (22 Bearing reactions: R, =Rz Maximum bending stress: = 0.5497 (108) N/m? (b) At critical speed: r 1.0426 ; w = 59.5946 rad/sec 4 (0.005) f + (2 (0.01) corny = 0.05580 {0 — 1.04267)? + (2 (0.01) cone * Centrifugal force: m a? R = (20) (59.5946) (0.05589) = 3969.8850 N R, =R, = 1984,9425 N Maximum bending stress: £)/4 .025, R, (4) (4) (ases.s4asy (2) (225) = = 6.4608 (10°) N/m? T 11,9175 (10-*) (c) At 1.5 times critical speed: T= 1.5638 ; w = 89.3919 rad/sec 1 2 (0.005) f + (2 (0.01) caste R= + = 0.003460 m {x — 1.56387)? + (2 (0.01) css}? Centrifugal force: m 4 R = (20) (89.3019") (0.003460) = 552.9711 N R, = Rp = 276.4855 N 585Maximum bending stress: RQ) (S) (270.4855) (2) (225) 0.9012 (10°) N/m? T 1.9175 (10 75 (10°) N/m; ¢ = 0.05 ; 7 = a (2 7) = 376.992 rad/see k= 3. Gai 60 kg ; a = 2000 (10-*) m 4 -VE- A/a 378 Lue") = 250.0 rad/see w _ 376.992 ree wy 250.0 (a) Steady state whirl amplitude: = 1.5080 2 A= ar . @ {a -FF teeny (2000 (107*}) (1.50807 = 0.003545 m { — 1.50802)? + (2 (0.08) coro (b) During start-up and stopping conditionss, rotor passes through the natural frequency of the system. Thus, using r = 1 in Eq, (1), we obtain the whirl amplitude as a __0.005 =F = 005 Lo, 2) Alea =35 = F005) 729" @ Let t=0 Unbalanced forces: F,) = mr w? (cos 4, + cos Uy + cos OL, + COs Cy) @ (cos 0° + cos 180° + cos 180° + cos 0°) 586Unbalanced moments: 4 ‘ mer. (38)er. (8)-r, (8)-r, (38) ! : : v= Fan (32) +. [3] ~Pe (§) — Fo (38) Pf + —_ " 2 M,,= ae (3 cos 0° + cos 180° — cos 180° — 3 cos 0°) weer (i)orald- rama dy? = ETP Geos 0° + cos 860" — cos 860° ~ 3 eos 0°) = 0 Reference | 7 Hane bet Let the cylinders be separated axially by a distance 4. Fp = mrat (ex8 %) + cof a2) = mres® (cof 0 + Cot 180") = 0 2ygt Zag? . . mr ese BOE Cosant cof 2&2) ae (cos 0° + cos 260) = = 7 Moments about the reference plane: 4 4 m * ° Map = Pap E — Fepa $= SEES (cs 0° - xt 180") = amr ot 4 deg? . - M342 Fea Se Fea: poe (Ao -ws3e0) = © 2 Secondary forces and primary couple are unbalanced.r= 0,075 m, m= 1.5 kg, € = 0.25 m, @ = 1500 rpm = 157.08 rad/sec, a, = 0°, a, = 180°, a4, = 90°, a, = 270° Assume m, = 0 and m, = m= 1.5 kg Consider the vertical and horizontal components of the inertia forces at t = 0. This gives 4 Fy = (m, +m) r 08D) cos a fest (m,, + m,) r w? (cos 0° + cos 180° + cos 90° + cos 270°) 0 =m, ro? )) sin o =~ m, ro? (sin 0° + sin 180° + sin 90° + sin 270°) = 0 ET (cos 0° + cos 360° + cos 180° + cos 540" Primary and secondary forces are balanced. Moments about the reference plane M,, = Fyp, (0-15) + Fy, (0.05) - F,,, (0.05) - F,,, (0.15) = (m, + m) r w? [0.15 cos 0° + 0.05 cos 180° - 0.05 cos 90° - 0.15 cos 270°] = 0.1 ro? (m, + m) = 0.1 (0.075) (157.08)? (1.5) = 277.584 N-m = unbalanced primary couple M,,= F,,, (0.15) + F,,, (0.05) ~ F,,, (0.05) ~ F,,, (0.15) m, rw = MRE [0.15 cos 2 a + 0.05 cos 2 tty — 0.05 cos 2 0 - 0.15 cos 2 ty] o? 5? 2 = MEO 4) = 150.075)" 157.08)" 9 4 = 333.101 Nm é 0.25 M,, = Fyp, (0.18) + F,,, (0.05) - F,,, (0.05) ~ F,,, (0.15) = =m, ro? (0.15 sin a, + 0.05 sin a, — 0.05 sin a, — 0.15 sin a.) =-m,r? (0.1)=0 since m,=0 Primary unbalanced forces are given by Fape Fads Amp md; rest ot (ot + 42) © Fyp= Zia )ps 2Z “Os 8" & (wt +) (ee) Secondary unbalanced force is given by Faas 2(Fa)ar = EO): et os (zat + anc) (es) Primary and Secondary unbalanced moments are given by 588Onde = = eh &) Mee EGY (s) (M,) p= = (Fy pe 8a (&) Fe-(E1) gives é Cop eme) ro” Et ot x = (mem) ro” (2 Oo +2 cos 120" ast + 2 wt 240°) =0 &;. (Ez) gives ) 6 = meres” SE sin at = — mera” (2 im + 2 Hm 120 +2 tem 240°) =o &p- (E3) gives mrt? Bayt . . . a (Sl ct 2x = Tee (reno +2 cf 240" + 2005490) = 0 cer &- (Es) gives (mpem)re” 2k os xi = (mp tm) rw a (25 120° + 2 cat 240° “ae + 3 Ch 240 + 4 chI20° + 5 tO") =O &e. (Es) gives mprtcs* S. my 2097 - ° pi Sh sim = SER [es 240'4 2 et 480 g ca2 +3 49044 24045 OT] = 0 &-(E) gives é mime Fs Bits sin we = = mera (Aim 1207 + 2 tim 240° + 3 hin 240" + 4 Atm 120° 5 Aim 0) =O 4: Engine is completely force and moment bolanced. (626) © Exo; wscoo rpms 60082 seats val/s Bae ero Foz mtr = (25) (62-932) (GS) = 740: 2238 & Ey. (9.90) = =: = @ eOSD% X= Ga Taree 78 ee or) 589® =e, B= : Ey -(9- 98) > F, = Fy = 740-2238 187-08 rad/see to 219-912 rad/sec w= 25 Hz to 35 Hz = m= 85/og1 = 6646 9 Transmissibility of an undamped iselater is given by Ey.(9.94): (e) 4 ™? Ta any | For 807, vibration ‘Solation, 4 one To [= (fen) | or Bae a 244es = 157-08/ 24495 = At (= 2502, Wp, At w= 35 Hz, ,=219-92/2.4495 = £9-7783 rad/sec 9-81 or = Be a &_- (ED gives eyles 641274 vad see at we 2S he, Bee = a8 Keg i274 = 0:002335 m = or001217 m At w=35 Hz, Sse > 991/099-7783) = Select static deflection of isolator af 0-002385 m- checking the performance at w= 35 HZ n= 641274 vad /secs AE a9= 35 Hz, = 0/0850 2 T= v [: = (21912/ 64.1274)" | > 915% isolation , better than the reguired amount 8, oF isolator = 0-2385 mm ™g= BOON, G9, = 600 rpm = operating speed = 62-922 rad/sec Tr = 2:5 at w= Oy &,- (3-94) gives 590wie tt Gey a, os T=, () Ger + G@rry On 2 At r=4, 2 445% +43 ayia AT! ; ¢ase eS = 02 1 rm aye Y= 0-282 At operating speed» T, = 0-1 and y= o-z182 5 Ey. (E,) gives ent= 4 (0: 2182)" 1 we ae ey G-rty* + 4 (o-2rsa)® which » upon simplification, becomes y4— 20-9595 vr*-99 = 0 > t= 24-8443 = BeL ve Gy = 49844 Since w= 62-932 rad/sec, O9,= 12-6057 rad /sec = fe «= 9, m = (j2- 6057) ( $08") = 129585054 N/m Isolator is defined by = 12958-5054 N/m C= amo, v= 2( £22 (12 6057) @ 2197) = 44806139 SE M= 500 49, me= 50 ty-cm, W= 300 Tpm= 31-416 rad [sec F,= steady state force magnitude = mea » n> /*/m Static deglection of compressor = 5,2 f= mee () * * isi voz T= fi = nn TWansmission ratio= Ty= Fe f In@xo) =} © with r= %,. G-r*)" + (2yr) Amplitude of vibration of compressor Xe B/| — mest)* ror [4 = met (5) [ce musty’ + orc* J M reas must be small. Alco X should be smalt for smaller dynamic stress. 2 For a good design, Tp 591for small T,, 2 should on, be large or 63, small Let {i-r2] =~ T= 0-1 so that 2@esres v= G = VW = 3-3166 n= Sraic6 = A/a 3166 39-4724 cad /sec (8 += (4-4724) (500) = 44 863-1807 N/m b= mew* 44963-1809 = 0-010 m Ih, Qer*)* = 0 (er¥)*> @2r)* 044 so x= Ge). 500 fleoto-4q i 18%. (€:) Ser Tee ota [it (o2ry* Ye ore cart or 4 5.96 1? -99 13-3665 r= Wy, = 3+ 6560 Wn = 31 46/3. 656 = 85929 rad/sec w= (5929) (500) = 36919-2174 N/m 2 o 2 Sa meget. (fe) Grae BOUT: 2174 = 0+0134 m r= 13-3665, Q-rt)*= 152.9203 @yr)*= (ox 2-656)* = 015347 &- (Es): x= Ge) 500 13-3665 = 0-001079 ™m Since X the case of shock absorber, it is to be preferred. In this case, a smaller value of « will be sufficient; this leads bo a cheaper design- 592pon radfs 4 Por tie m= 200 49) t= 000N/m, T= 015, we [oe Ca), fe >a, z 1+@30) Frem Ey. (9°94), See t+@sr)* > @-r*)*+@Try t> @-r?)* > tert ear? a a this gives 4 rt-ar* < o rt(rt=2) 0 (r*~16-2021)(r*+ 5.8920) > 0 y745-8920 >o or y7< 16-8021, r*< —5-892 (met possible) = 16-8021<0, 145.992 <0 fe p*. 6-802) > 0, be yt > 16.9021, 2? >= 5-992 or 2 1? > 16.8021, > 4.0990 9 > 4-0990(7.07N) = 28-9844 rad/s = 276-7803 rpm Fook z For undamped system, transmission ratio is T, = KR k-mo’ Since isolation is 60%, we have k x cos ( =+/—__* _ RO ke 9 oy @ a] k - 67113.3 or 0.4k~26845.3=—k or k= 19175.23 Nim ‘Thus k has to be less than 19175.23 Nim to provide more than 60% isolation. k= Sor] )pig = EE = 69.08 _ 6.034786 m se Kyax 19175.23 5933) 50 kg j= 1200 (2 2) = 195.684 rad/see ; ¢ = 0.07 1 7, -Fh aj tsesy lt Fo (GQ -FP +s For 75% isolation, Eq. (1) gives 0.25? = 1+ (2 (0.07) r)? (2-7 F + (2 (0.07) ()F The solution of Eq. (2) is given by: (1) or 0.0625 rt — 0.143375 r? — 0.9375 =0 (2) 1? = 5.186255 (positive value) or 2 22.2773 uy Ww _ _ 125.664 _ 55 1803 rad/see 2.2773 2.2773 Maximum stiffness: k =m w2 = (50) (55.1803") = 152,243.1865 N/m This gives uy = 104.72 rad/see k k Ep —_*__ 1 k-mu? k — (80) (104.727) ® Using the negative sign in Eq. (1), we find 0.2 k — 17.5460 (10* = 17.5460 (10*) 12 -k Maximum stiffness Kmax 146217.0453 N/m (b) Steady state amplitude: Fo _ 10000 k—ma? | _ | 146217.0453 — 87.7302 (10*) (c) Maximum amplitude of fan during start-up: x = 0.01368 m Fo = wa 1-4] ‘tog _« /148217.0453 where =, = a7 —ar CSO 42.7518 rad/sec Using w = ui, X — co. Hence an undamped isolator must pass through resonance very quickly to avoid damage. X= 594Requirements: 1 by = SS = small — k=large () Fi 2 X={——___* ___ TZ S25 (10" (2) fe a eat ef 3 Xia (3) where r= os Fre Bu < 10000 _ 1 (4) Fo (k-mofP ture? ] ~ 30000 3 5. For achieving isolation, r > V2. Hence k< mie or k <14.8045 (10°) N/m (5) Since four inequalities, Eqs. (2) to (5), are to be satisfied, in general, we need to use an iterative process. From Eq. (3), we obtain: = Fo _30000_ € = $0.02 or ¢ > 4774.6371 N-s/m (8) We assume c = 5000.0 N-s/m and k = 6 (10°) N/m as trial values. These values satisfy Eqs. (5) and (8) and give: 2 a {e —mut} +t ef - {e (10°) — (300) (314.162)? + (314.18 ceo} * = 23.6611 (10°) and the left hand side of Ea. (2) becomes: 30000.0 23.6611 (10°) and hence Eq. (2) is satisfied. The numerator on the left hand side of Eq. (4) is: 1 1 fe fe + ef = fe (1017) + (314.16 coo." = 6.1844 (10°) = 0.001268 m < 0.0025 m 595and the left hand side of Eq. (4) thus becomes: 6.1844 (10°) 23.6611 (10°) which is less than the value on the right hand side. Thus Eq. (4) is satisfied. The final design is given by k = 6.0 (10°) N/m and ¢ = 5000.0 N-s/m. 633)" = 120 kg ; me = 0.2 kg-m ; k = 0.5 (10°) N/m; 1 oy fz} (ese? = 64.5497 rad/see ; Fr <2500N = 0.2614 = 0.06 m 120 Eq. (9.104) gives: 2 1+ (2 (0.06) (r))? = Fr 2500 (1 = 17)? + (2 (0.08) (r))? mew _ (0.2) (64.5497%) 1+ 0.0144 1? 9 oo | < 1 * |e —2r +00m0r rt ® Setting the left hand side of Eq. (1) equal to ©, we obtain 7 r° — 486.1111 rt + 1103.1111 r? — 555.5555 =0. (2) The roots of this cubie equation are given by rf =0.751358 ; r; = 0.866809 ; uw, = 55.9523 rad/sec rt} = 1.52760 ; rz = 1.23596 ; we, = 79.7808 rad/sec rh = 483.834; ry = 21.9962 ; wy = 1419.8481 rad/see From Fig. 3.16, the values of w,, w: and wy can be interpreted as shown in the following figure. It can be seen that the force transmitted to the foundation will be less than 2500 NN (actually, less than 2500 V8 /3 = 2357.0226 N) over the frequency range w, — Wy (i.e., 79.7808 rad/sec - 1419.8481 rad/see g 8 596me = 1.0 kg-m ; w = 800 to 2000 rpm = 83.776 to 209.44 rad/sec Fo = 7018 N at 800 rpm and 43865 N at 2000 rpm Fp <6000 N over the speed range ; ¢ = 0.08 To find k. F 2 Relation be satisfied: —"_ = . meu? 2 yt 1+ 0.0256 r’ 2 6000 a SO a 0.8549 at wv = 8 r ta —ry +0026 | 7018 at w= 800 rpm <— = 0.1 - S Gageg — 0-1368 at w = 2000 rpm Q) Equating the lest side of Eq. (1) to 0.85 at w = 800 rpm, we obtain 1 +0.0256 rj oe zs L+rj —2r} + 0.0256 r? or rf — 2.00983 r? — 0.3841 =0 or rj = 2.1856 (positive root) or ry = 1.4784 Equating the left side of Eq. (1) to 0.135 at w= 2000 rpm, we obtain 1+ 0.0256 r2 oe = 0.018225 L+r}—2r} + 0.0256 rf or rf —3.3791 r} — 53.8697 =0 or 1} =9.2211 (positive root) or rz = 3.0366 i : w _ 209.44 By selecting ry = 3.0366, we obtain wy, = = 575 1.4784 is selected, we obtain w, = = a = 56.6667 rad/sec. Thus ws = 56.6867 1 rad/sec satisfies the transmitted force requirement at both ends of the operating speed. = 68.9713 rad/sec. If ry = Verification: 200-44. _ 3.6960 w r ti -a™ '" Geeser ~* At the speed 2000 rpm, the value of r= <7 ist r= Soeeer This gives r? = 13.6604 and 1 1+0.3497 er Wa iassoaF posrer] 7009168 <0.1968 of Ea. (1). Stiffness of the isolator: k =M a2 = (200) (56.6667") = 64.2223 (10) N/m 597m= 100kg;u= 2 (2.x) = 62.832 rad/see ; Isolation = 90% a= ot = |—* | =| _* 39478,6022 or 0.1 k — 39478.6022 =—k = 35889.6384 N/m Static deflection of isolator: 4 = 2S = ee 638)" = 300 kg; v= ee (2 7) = 188.496 rad/see. Unbalance = me = 1 kg-m Fy = maximum permissible force transmitted to floor = 8000 N Fr ___s000__ mea? 1 (488.496*) 1+(2¢r)? o “ts atta ® Frequency ratio (r) that satisfies Eq, (1) can be found as = 1+ (2 (0.05) (1)? (e281?) = 7 =F + (2 (0.05) (A) = 0.02733 m Force transmissibility: T, = = 0.2251 or rt — 2.1872 r? — 18.7239 =Oor r* = 5.5568 (positive root) or r=— = 2.3573 Wy Necessary natural frequency: 4, = 2 = ae = 79.9633 rad/see T Possible solutions: (a) If the available isolator is used, k 1(10°) _ AVE ANS 2 a sr te (smaller than the necessary value of 79.9633 rad/sec). If two identical isolators are used in parallel, k. = 2 (10°) N/m and AY AS HED = 0s 300) (approximately equal to the necessary value of 79.9633 rad/see). (b) If the isolator is available in the form of a helical spring, it can be cut into two halves and one of them can be used for isolation to achieve a value of u, = 81.6496 rad/see. 598Mass of engine = m = 500 ke 639) Force transmitted with out isolator = Fy = (18000 cos 300 t + 3600 cos 600 t) N Maximum magnitude of force transmitted: Fo, = 18000 N at Foz = 3600 N at w 300 rad/sec 00 rad /sec ‘The maximum possible force transmitted will be the sum of the magnitudes of the two harmonics: Fo = Fo, + Fo: = 18000 + 3600 = 21600 N Since Fp = 12000 N, we use the relation Fr _ 12000 1 Fo 21600 1-7? At w = 300 rad/see: w _ 300 -A/ Wy = = = Tepgy = 179.2843 rad/sec = or k =m (w3) = (500) (179.2843) = 16.0714 (10°) N/m or 0.5556 or r= 1.6733 F; With this value of k, the value of —"~ at 300 rad/sec is: io 1 :|- 1— | 300 = 0.5556 179.2843 or Fry = 0.5556 (Fo1) = 0.5556 (18000) = 10000 N Fre The value of = at w = 600 rad/sec ist For 0.0980 1~ lezen or Fry = 0.0980 (Fox) = 0.0980 (3600) = 352.8 N Since Fr, +F rz. = 10000 + 352.8 = 10352.8 N < 12000 N (permitted value), the stiffness of the isolator can be taken as k = 16.0714 (10°) N/m. At w = 600 rad/see: w _ 600 Oh = = = Torgy 7 358.5729 rad/sec k =m uf = (500) (358.57207) = 64.2872 (10°) N/m QQ) F With this value of k, the value of _ at = 300 rad/sec is: 1 5991 F. 1 oo | TF | _ {300 = 3.3331 a * 358.5729 This corresponds to a larger value of Fr, than Fo, and hence the value of k given by Eq. (1) is not suitable for isolation. Speed range: 65 to 130 kph (18.0556 to 36.1112 m/s) Road surface is given by y (u) = 0.15 sin 0.6 um a) #) where u = horizontal distance (m) = v t, v = velocity (m/s) and t = time (sec). 2nv ee Since @ = 2 mp = “-~ where w = frequency of road waviness in rad/see and 8 = one wave length (i), Ea. (1) can be expressed as y () = 0.15 sin 0.6 u=¥ sin Qt 2 where Y= 0.15 mand Q = 1. Steady state response of the system subjected to the base excitation, y (t) = Y sin Qt, is given by Ea. (3.67): x, (t) = X sin (Qt - 9) (3) home Xe [| a4+ece? where X=¥ Gas wea @ Maximum acceleration of mass (driver) is given by , 1+ecy? |? 6 ~ 92x] = gry jE % Ol max xl [axese | = 2g=2 (9.81) = 19.62 m/sec? ©) At 65 kph: Q= 6.7 v = 6.7 (18.0556) 120.973 radisec, Eq. (5) gives 1+ egn? OY Gee or? = 19.622 600or (120.973) (0.15)? 19.62? (1 = 2°? + (2 (0.05) x? or rf — 127.171 r?— 12517.1=0 © 1+ (2 (0.05) n* | The solution of Eq. (6) gives (with positive value or 12) r= 13,8662= ©, o, = —& x oO, 3.8662 = 8.7243 rad/sec = Stiffness of isolator (suspension) = k = m 2 = (680) (8.7243)? = 65.4575 kN/m Check for acceleration at 130 kph Q, = 6.7 v, = 6.7 (36.1112) = 241.945 radlsec, @, = 8.7243 rad/sec, and ry = @ = 27,7928, 1 = 769.081, and (2 { r,)*= 7.69081 . 1 | 1+ @tn)? f =, % Ol max = (22)? ¥ ta =e tein? . 1+ 7.69081 : = (241.945)? (0.18) j—————— (1 ~ 769.081)? + 7.69081 3.701159 m/s? > 2 g Hence k = 65.4575 kN/m is not acceptable. At 130 kph: Q = 6.7 v = 6.7 (36.1112) = 241.945 m/s, and Eq. (5) gives: 14+ @r? 1+@by | ig 692 a-r) at} 10.62 aor | | 1+ 0.011? 241.948)! (0.15)? | o G OI eT 99F + | = 19.622 or r#~ 2004.852 r? — 200285,24 @ The Eq. (7) gives (with positive value of r2): r = 45.828. Hence, fk = 5.2794 radisee = |= Stiffness of the isolator (suspension) is: k = m @; = 18.9530 kN/m 601Check for acceleration at 130 kph: 1+(26n) |? ¥()lmae = FY {ECE V1 g704 m/sec? < 2g oom a-x+@tn)| Hence k = 18.9530 kN/m is acceptable. Force transmitted to base in case of Coulomb damping can be found using the equivalent viscous damping constant: 1 1 Fr {o x) + (cq a} -x fe +a |" fesoalt® acall ‘Thus the force transmissibility is given by Tate 2)2 4uN 2 Fr _jitr (1? —2) rr Pe) be aQ-ry 602Under base excitation, the displacement transmissibility is given by (similar to-that of a viscously damped system, Eq. 3.68): 1 (wee z ltl x xX. y Y a) [ee o a - Sy) 4 = os we Seq 4uN 1 Bu | o | = @) Substituting Eq. (2) into (1), we obtain 2 4uN 2 x Mie | 77 (3) _ ye [42 Q-#¥ +E y Relative displacement transmissibility is given by (similar to Eq. 3.77): z- ad ) fe —mu}? tut a}? Using Eq. (2), (4) ean be written as Ze 6) (G43) M= meee me me = 0.02 kg-m; sa = ME = 0.005 m M (200) (9.81) k Bae h00g 7 39-24 (10*) N/m wy = 2200 (an) = 125.664 rad/see 4-VE- AJ Hie 44,2944 rad/see 603(a) Assume ¢ = 0 for the isolator. w _ 125.664 ra 2 = 15884 _ 5 8370 wy 44.2044 Amplitude of washing machine (from Eq. 3.82): 2 . x [a2] —— 5 0.02 (2.88707) are (10-8) m i 200 fo _ ef 1 — 2.8370? (b) Force transmitted to foundation (given by Eq. 9.104): = meat? —}__ = (0.02) (44.2044) 28370) _ = a4 5059 N Fremeug e h-F! (0.02) (444 ) Tasso] M = 60 kg ; me = 0.002 kg-mj w= wee (27) = 314.16 rad/see Fr T= <0.25 meu Let ¢ = O for the isolator. From the relation: F; 7, =—t_, = 1 _ cos meras [i—r] weobtain |1—r?7| >4 or r>2.2361 Let r = 0.25. w 314.16 (a) r= T= 255 oy = SEO = 128.564 rad/see. k =M wf = (60) (125.6647) = 9.4749 (10°) N/m. (bt) X= Ze ToT (given by Eq. 3.82) Tor = (0.002) (125.664) £:25 — 37.5987 N 7 =meut () Fr=meut SoUsing N= 3000 rpm and 8,, = 0-01 m, Eg.(9+101) yields N= 29-3092 [_2-R oor (I RY R 3 fo-or ( Jeet (3000) = 10-0304 ““as-3092 = 100-608) 1-R or R= 0-98996 Thus the reduction in the transmitted force is 98.9967, m= 30 9 , = (0-75 Hz = 62-832 — 471-240 rad/s Pets, Re 1 gis ~ Teo 7 Using the displacement transmissi ty as Fe ol5, we obtain oss {tegen t+ aso } =r? y+ (23yr) Squaring this eguation, we $ind 00225 =__t+ 0-25 ¥* (i-1?)? 4 0-25 r* or 1 2 o-0225 (itr4 —2r%4 0-28 ro )= i+e2sr or 2 o-0225 r4 0.289375 f — 0.9775 =0 Solutron of this equation is: r= 15-6390563 -2-77794 5 Thus Vm r= 3.954625 = —- = Sir Ie Cn we ore = Bie ON iagsois 9 3954625 ~ Zos4ces or k= 1918274 o9* Thus 4= ¢ 7,573°0776 Nf when w= 62-832 rad/s laas. 08. cres N/m when «= 471/240 rad/s 605When += 7.573°0776 N/m when w= 62.532 rad/s: Brn = 15-8882 rad/s since m= 30 *g re 3.9546 @sr)= 3.9098 ter? = — ly 6389 Te { 4+ o38 Cuavenanyt staan} = 015 & Acceptable When w= 471-240 rad/s: v= 29-6597 @y ry = 219-9251 ley? = - 878-6978 f (+ 219-9251 a ooo (878-6978) 4+ 2109252 stiffness of the suspension = « $002 ®) - 69.999 radisce 60 = 425,985.6163 N/m When When = 62-832 rad/s: y= fe Since m= 30 eg re 0+ 5273 Grr)’ = 006951 tov2= 0 7219 i +7219)% 4006951 19-617 rad/s 1 a = 1:3455 > Not acceptable When w= 4tl-24o rad/s: r= 3-9546 I+ 0-06951 Gyr)’ = 39098 toyt = - 46389 (+ 3-9098 a \eaccsaay?aa3e aa eptable 7,573-0776 N/m- = mre? = (go) (238 2 = F=mr w* = (30) Ue, (62.832)? = 22502.80 N fx _ fie x 108 (@ o,= Je = |28220 ~ 59.7998 rad/see Vm ~~ \ 1200 606Since © > w,, force transmitted to the foundation (F,) is given by 22502.80 1.64814? [4.4 x 10° V 1200 13110.73 N = 60.558 rad/see 2 = 1.03764 F__ __22502.8 P-1 1.03764 —1 Fy is given by F, 429 N For harmonic base motion, the displacement transmissibility is ae by 1+ @yry? 4 ay y WG Gor + aa} For an undamped isolator, Ey.(1) becomes Xft ‘ | 1-1? In the present case, 2 x 1 4 2 Vide IS or |i-r*|= 20 o r*=a2l thus years 45826 = = 227) n wo 40 " or = 2+7422 rad/s 45826 2 [E. fe fee FE “= (Q.7422)* = 7.5197 N/m = Sbiffness of isolator. Let the shock isolator be undamped. = X Wy ay % =x oP (2) where X is the amplitude of the displacement of the mass. Since the maximum step velocity is specified as o+01 m/s, the 607maximum allowable value of X is given by &%.(1): x= Smax 20.01 Bo or wy > age. ae = t rad/s (a) similarly, using the maximum specified value of * max os 20g = 196.2 m/s?» &y-(z) gives XWe £2 of ws max _ [196-2 A ave \oeor or Wy SZ Ho-o71y rad/s (4) Egs-(@) and @) give: 1 rad/s $ Oi, £ (40-0714 rad/s By selecting the value of W, in the middle of the range, we fred the stiffness of the isolator pad (x) as 2 k= ™ Wy = 10 (70-5357) = 49,752.¢570 N/m m= 10° 9 , maximum deflection = 0.5 m From the response spectrum, the peak value of (=2g2*) can be seen to be approximately 1:75 at a value of to &, St e078. Usi Xmax * $199 Xmax= 5+ —MEX— = 1.95 gives 2 175 Fo tee 175 Fe 178 (10,000) _ N aes ae = 70,000-0 “Ym m= 200 Kg, Gay= 120009) = 40 rad/s = %, = epuivelent spring constant of air compressor rm, = 31583 MN, Let the absorber be tuned 40 that “2 Natural freguencies of the combined Aystem are given by the roots of (9.139), which for (Prfs4) = 1 becomes 608(&)* - G+ HAY +1 20 or, yt-@4 Mt) r++) =0 --- ©) Now y= A G: Baer Ey. (€1) dives @ayt- (24 SE) oss so > Bt 02025 ms 40-5 2 ce eS ” FE () = Feo tre 4, (0.2028) = 06396 Mm Th wt use y= 4.2, &-(Er) gives Gayt-@+ BE) (a)Ferao e BE= 0344 Since this value of Te is mmallr, we have te use te Velues of m2 amd ky given ty 1 =0-8- Beam: = @, = 1500(2T) = 187-08 rad /sec m= M = 700 tg = mass of motor = Kyeam = Wem, = (157-08) (300) = 7.4022 x10° N/m = Lm = 0,2 Vm, + kp= mot = 24 674-1264 mm, iy) @) Beam with absorber P= 075, or = My, = 0-75 For @ tuned absorber, wif, 24 a Qt VG or B= (Set) -2 = Beat) ma om sae SA -2 = 034032 ae » and Ratio of absorber mass to the mass of the motor == 0 3403 (b) Mass of the absorber = Stiffness of the absorber Per = (0°3403)(300) = 102-09 kg 2= 2,092 from &. (1) f= 24674-1264 (02-07) = 2-519 K10% N/m ©) Amplitude of vibration of the absorber mass (2): 609&%. (9136) gives o 2 -o3)* Xpe- meio’ _ (E)list-08) 2-519 xi0® = = 011959 mm Forcing freguency = 900(2T) /6o = 93.776 rad/see = ws, OE) FVG+ Aya where y= Afisg, = tafo,, p= ™a/m Here a, =750 rpm = 79.54 rad/see , z= 1000 rpm T= 750/¢00 = 0-9375 , amd 2 = 1000/s00= }-2500- neat 2) -VG aya GF Bt eG BF For s/s, = 41, why ne? (04-72 rad/see, Fhe GD > pe Gedy 2 , = 277854) 2 = 90167 me 0.8789 peony = ST 8FCI ky. New repuired value of mn, is which corresponds to 4 700 tpm= 73.304 rad/see T= 70°/g00 = 0-875 2 = 15862 7656 mes pm = 007182 (59-961) = 43010 9 +! 7 = oro7iae with these values, 12 can be found at a elayer = YpGp = 1.3063 (93-776) = 107-437 rad free = 1045.04 Thm This is larger than the desired upper value of 1040 rpm: Spring stiffness of the obsorber= = m,u2 = (41301) (83.776)* = 30186-2166 U/in. (1+ 0-039") + 0.2704 = 1. 3063 610[iy 900 kg, w, = 600 rpm = 62.832 rad/sec = |—1 m 900 (62.832)? = 3.55307 x 105 Nim Original system: m, (a) Absorber For tuned absorber, «, = «, = 62.832 rad/sec, k, = 900 x 108 N/m, (900 x 10%) a = 227.972 keg. Weight of absorber 40 N (b) New system Natural frequencies of the new system, Q, and Q,, are given by (for w,/, = 1): dode(ret}s (ren) 1 Q = nau = Me, @y m, where r,= here 1 = 0.25320 and hence 1} = 0.60767, r, = 0.77953 ¥ = 1.64563, r = 1.28282 (0.77953) (62.832) = 48.979 rad/sec = 467.7191 rpm (1.28282) (62.832) = 80.602 rad/sec = 769.6938 rpm Q,= 7, 0, Q, =r, «, Natural frequencies of the combined systems are Q, = 0.7 w, = 0.7 (62.832) = 43.9824 rad/sec Qq = 1.3 w, = 1.3 (62.832) = 81.6816 rad/sec = 62.832 rad/sec (for tuned absorber) (E,) = Ot +1 0.77 From Eq. (E,), k, = (62.832) (477.72) = 18 (900) = 477.72 ke 885972 x 10° Nim ouVerification of r,; —— ae [sot}e foe) a= [sme 0408 or = 1.4286 > 1.3 (desired value) Hence m, = 477.72 kg (weight of absorber = m, g = 4686.4332 N) ky = 1.885972 x 108 Nim G = 80x 10°Pa, J= shast | For shaft 1: xG k= =" @t- as 1 326 q ) = BGO 10) (0.054 — 0.0384) 32 (0.75) 3.6144 x 10° 18.6144 x 10" _ 951.7235 radisec \ ois For shaft 2: sea? _, = BGOX10 pe gs = 32 (0.75) ‘Assuming 2 = 2 @ and in metres) . = #0 x 10°) 4, = 1} = 2.26246 x 10! d¢ N-m/rad 32 (0.75) 3 J,=9 (“s } = 0.0253125 N-m-sec? 612For , = @, and o, , we get. 2 i 2 at 231.7235 = eee = 945416.8¢2 d= 0.015656 m and D = 0,0208743 m Tre 15 ym, d= ore x1! Wem/rad a= fRu/z = Jon6xi8/is = 200 rad/sec Absorber: Kins He, ee [MH For the combined system with tuned absorber, the natural Frequencies n, amt 22 are given by an epuation similar to Ey. (95H) os Wone= G+ 2) /@ 4) iC) where pe i/o ew and = 22/e,- bet a, be 257 lus tam W,. Then ne He = 075 * &. (Er) gives —_ ey = OF )-VED STS PIs 51045 ky mt 4 a= V¥t2/m, = 200, Ky = 4x0 & = ortod2 xi N-m/rad Since Lz has to be at least 207 greater than uy, he aod zoe Fy. (Ei) gives, for p= 03403, 2 0:34.03 o3ae ne = (i+ 3408), o:3ho3 z= z) + V(r 33 > HF 03403 Since 27779 > Fy 3393 Hence 72= 5+1045 tg-m*> and Ky, = 012042 MN-m/rad are acceptable. 613tary (Eye =o here p= TE oy hata) reise Sse = ferry + VeenF=s} z Plot: os — o6a51 164597 O7 06656 15023 gg eB — 0-6492 15427 0-0 15, rs ar) oF 06325 sett — 2 lo 0+6120 L6ig0 " =]< os, See tos = +- (Gy Net BY ILE (EY T- o But Dg oe Or” Gi Gt Gah (a) stoss i-re 4-1 Coe Gyset 7 ae ear For +05, we get vf - ard ere aeart fe ye = 105125 (+ valve) 5 = 1.0253 For -0-5, we get nite a ghete-asar? 2 hee ty = 20-9534, 3.1466 T= 0:9764, 1.7739 (above the opper fesonance point) operating range is 4 9 9 osT6t = 8 Losi2s @ = 614ky 10° a= aed Fr 750 rad/sec 1 Assuming that uw =. , we obtain a-{2} -{s} =50 ky = 75000 N/m, and Fo Hn- Sg Motor: my = 20 kg, w = 1350 rpm = 141.372 rad/sec, me From Appendix B, we have ya = PBE at (Gal —a(3a4d)) 1 1 6EIS aetwa@et = 8 where I are iz (0.15) (0.012%) = 2.16 (10 * Hence kj = 2. = (207 (10°) (2.16 (10~*)) (1.5) Ya (05%) (4) [3 (1) (1.5) —1(3 (a) say 7 02872 N/m Natural frequency of the motor on the beam: ky 362167.2 = eee T = 134.5678 rad, oy = ws rad /see Natural frequency of the absorber: V ke 141.372 rad/: ay = 2 y= 141.372 rad foce “ Be 615Selecting mz = 10 kg, we obtain ky = 10 (141.3727) = 19.9860 (104) N/m Amplitude of the absorber at forcing frequency ut Fo X=- eT where Fo is the amplitude of the forcing function = me u?. Hence meat me__ Ol xX mt ~ Set p Toolm m, = 15,000 kg; k, = 2 (10°) N/m; F,(t) = 600 cos wt Assume that the forcing frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the bridge. . w= BV = 11.5470 rad/see For a tuned absorber, uw = = = = 11.5470 rad/see Choose my = 10 kg. This gives ky =m; uF = 10 (11.5470*) = 1333.3333 N/m Amplitude of bridge will be zero at the foreing frequency, w = 11.5470 rad/sec. ©, = 100 rad/sec. To suppress the vibration of the motor, the absorber should have the natural | frequency: | [a = 80 rad/sec (operating frequency) Yim, ork, = m, (80%) = 5 (80%) = 32 kN/m o, 616Equations of motion: OFemEe metck+(k+Ky)x—-K,RO=Fo sin wt Q) SDMp =16 (1+MR*)6+(K, +K,)R? 6—-K,Rx=0 (2) Treating the forcing function as the imaginary component of Fy et, we assume the solution as: xaxedlet-4 (3) d=Oelvt-9) (4) Substitution of Eqs. (3) and (4) into (1) and (2) gives [-mu? +(e +i) +1 eu] X~ (KR) O=Fy (5) = 06 RX +[- EMRE A +R? (ih +K:)] O=0 (8) Solution of Eqs. (5) and (6) yields: -K, RFp Om \ Cig af -[ae term tied Ret iatey] ” [eto +R? OG +H)] Fo x (8) — mu? +(k +Ke) +i we] |—Ip u? +R? (Ky +Kz)| —(—Ke R} where Ip =1+MR? (9) Equation (8) shows that the steady state displacement of mass m (X) will be zero if Igo? =R? (Ky + Kr) (10) : (j-1 )* 0.25; for i= 1: 1001 (i) = 3-* (4 ~ 1/1000; Te(A) = sqrt( (1 + (2 * zeta * r(i))*2)/((1 ~ £(4)72) 7 2 ve 4 (2 * zeta * r(i)) > 29) end; plot(r, Tr); hold on; end axis({0 3 0 8]): xlabel(’r* ylabel ("Tr") gtext (zeta: gtext (zeta: gtext (’ zeta: gtext (/ zeta: gtext (zeta: 0"); % Click to put the text beside the curve you like 6170.001 : 1.3 teg2 = (2.*zeta.tg).*2 t2g2 = (2*zetatg)*2 92£2_2 = (g.72-£.72).42 8 g2£22 = (g°2-£°2)°2 g2_imag2_2 = (g.*2-1+ma.tg.*2).°2 5 muf2g2 = mu.*£.*2"g."2 ; gal 9-72-13 @2_f2 = g.72-£.72 ; xl ssqrt ((tzg2+g2_£2_2) «/(tzg2.*g2_lmug?2_2+ (muf2g2-g2_1.*g2_f2).*2)); xr sagrt ( (tag2+£.74) ./ (tzg2.*g2_1mug2_2+ (muf2g2~g2_1.*g2_£2).*2)); plot (g. xr) hold on plot (g, x22); hold on zeta = 0.2, 0.001 + 2. tzg2 = (2.*zeta.tg).*2 beg? = (2*zeta*g)*2 92_£2_2 = (g."2-£.°2).°2 ;% g2_£2.2 = (g*2-£°2)*2 92_imug2_2 = (g."2-1emu.*g.*2).72 muf2g2 = mu.*£."2*g.*2 7 618ga 922 21; g.72-E."2 | var var sqrt ( (teg2+g2_£2_2) . / (tzg2.*g2_1mug?_2+ (muf2g2-g2_1.*g2_£2) .*2)) art ( (tzg2+£.74) ./ (tzg2.*g2_Imug2_2+ (muf2g2-g2_1.*g2_£2).*2)); plot (g,x1z,‘~."); hold on plot(g,x2r, hold on y zeta = 0.3, mu=0.2 0.001 : keg? = (2.*zeta.*g).*2 tzg2 = (2*zetatg)*2 92_£2_2 = (g.°2-£.°2).°2 ;% g2_£2_2 = (g*2-£72)*2 g2_tmug2_2 = (g-*2-1¢mu.tg.72).°2 7 muf2g2 = mu.*£.°2*g.°2 ; 92.1 = 9.72-1 g2_f2 = g.°2-£.°2 5 xdr =sqrt ( (tzg2+g2_£2_2) «/ (t2g2.*g2_1mug2_2+ (muf2g2-g2_1.*g2_£2).°2)); xar =aqrt ( (tzg2+f.*4)-/ (tzg2. *g2_1mug?_2+ (mu£2g2~g2_1.*g2_£2).°2)); plot (g.xir, ‘~~ hold on plot (g,x2r,‘=="); hold on zeta = 0.3, ms0.5 ~ 9 = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3; beg? = (2.tzeta.tg).“2 ;8--- tzg2 = (2*zetatg)~2 92_£2_2 = (g.*2-£.°2).°2 ;% g2£2_2 = (gr2-£72)72 g2_imig2_2 = (g.*2-L4m.*g.°2).°2 7 muf2g2 = mu.*£.°2%g."2 ; 921 = 972-1; 92_f2 = g.72-£.°2 + xir =agrt ( (tzg2+g2_£2_2) ./ (t292. *92_1mug2_2+ (muf2g2-g2_1.*g2_£2) .2)); var =agrt ((tag2+£.*4) ./ (tag2.*g2_Imug2_2+ (mf2g2-g2_1.*g2_£2) .2) plot (g,xiz," hold on plot (g,x2z, 2"); hold on zeta’ = 0.4, mus0.2 - P13 teg2 = (2.*zeta.*g).*2 ;8--- tzg2 = (2*zeta*g)“2 92_£2_2 = (g.72-£.°2).°2 2% g2_£2.2 = (g*2-£72)72 g2_Amig?_2 = (g."2-L+ma.*g.*2).°2 muf2g2 = mu.t£.°2*g.72 3 92.1 = g.72-1 92_f2 = g.72-£.°2 ; 619xir sqrt ((t2g2+g2_£2_2) . / (tzg2.*92_1mug?_2+ (maf2g2-g2_1. *g2_£2) .°2) xQz magrt ((t2g2+£.™4) »/ (E292. *g2_lmig?_2+ (muf2g2-g2_1.*g2_£2).°2))7 plot (g,xir, 9); hold on plot (g,x2r, hold on g = 0.6 : 0.001 : 1.3; tzg2 = (2.*zeta.*g).72 t2g2 = (2*zetarg)*2 92_£2_2 = (g.*2-£.72).*2 ;% g2_£2.2 = (g*2-£°2)72 g2_imig2_2 = (g.*2-1ema.*g.2).*2 maf2g2 = mu.*f.*2*9.72 ; o2l = 9.722 92_£2 = g.72-£.°2 xd =sqrt ( (t2g2+g2_£2_2) ./(t2g2. *g2_lmug2_2+ (muf2g2~g2_1.*92_£2).72)): x2r ssart ( (t2g2+.*4) / (tzg2.*g2_lmug2_2+ (maf2g2-g2_1.*92_£2)."2)); plot (g,xir,‘-."): hold on plot (g,x2r,'- xlabel('9") ylabel(’Xir and x2r‘) ‘axis([0.6 1.3 0 16)) 620a1 02 03° (0405S mgm, 8 Ex9_67.m w= 1.5 for i 201, m2_i(i) = (i-1)/100; Omgi_w2(i) = sart( ( (1+(14m2_1(i))*w2_1*2) - sqrt( ( 1+(1+m2_1(i))*w2_1°2 )*2 - 4*w2_1*2 ) Omg2_wa(i) = sart( ( (1+ (L+m2_1(i))*w2_1*2) + ) sqrt ( ( 1+(1+m2_1(i)) "waz )°2 ~ 46w2_1°2 end wo = 3.0; for i = 1: 101 m2_1(i) = (4-1)/100; Omgl_w2_b(i) = sqrt( ( (1+ (2+ma_1(i))*w2_172) sqrt ( ( 1+(1em2_i(i))*w2_a°2 72 ~ d*w2i72 ) Omg2_w2_b(i) = sqrt( ( (T+ (1+m2_1(4))*w2_172) sqrt ( ( 1+(1¢m2_1(i))*w2_1°2 72 - 4*w2a"2 ) end wad = 4.5; for i 101, m2_1(i) = (4-1)/100; Omgl_w2_c(i) = sqrt( ( (1+(1+ma_1(4))*w2_172) sqrt ( ( 1(1em2_a(i))*w2_i°2 72 - 4ew2_i°2 ) Omg2_w2_c(i) = sart( ( (1+(1+m2_1(4)) *w2_1°2) sqrt ( ("1+(1+m2_i(i))*w2_1°2 *2 - 4¢w2_i-2 ) end plot (m2_1, omg1_w2) ; hold on; plot (m2_1, omg2_w2,’ gtext (‘w_2/w_l=1.5, Omg_1/w2’ gtext (*w_2/w_1=1.5, Omg_2/w_2"); 621 Cr V7 (ewaaray V7 @ew2aeay 7 (2ewaar2) 1 (aew2ar2) 1 (ane23-2) 7 (aewa_ar2)hold on; plot (m2_1, Ong2_w2_b, gtext (*w2/w1=3.0, Omg /w 2/1; gtext (*w_2/w_i=3.0, Omg_2/w2'); plot (m2_1, Omgi_w2_c) ; plot (m2_1, Ong2_w2_c,'-~") gtext ("w_2/w1=4.5, Ong_t/w2"); gtext ('w2/w1=4.5, Omg_2/w_2"); xlabel ('m2/m_2'); ylabel(‘Ong_1/w_2, Omg_2/w_2'); Results of Ex9_68 >> programl3 Results of two-plane balancing Left-plane balancing weight Right-plane balancing weight Magnitude -231537 Magnitude ‘Angel=130.294244 Ange! -121730 40. 731862 Results of Fx9_69 RESULTS OF TWO-PLANE BALANCING LEPT-PLANE BALANCING WEIGHT RIGHT-PLANE BALANCING WEIGHT MAGNITUDE = 4.23153662 MAGNITUDE = 2.12172985 ANGLE = 130.25424410 ANGLE = 140.73186247 622(620) Tr main program and output are given below: PROGRAM [3-F TWO-PLANE BALANCING aaaaae DIMENSION VA(2), VB(2), VAP (2), VEP (2), VAPP(2), VEPP(2), WL(2), WROD, 2 BL(2), BR(2) © FOLLOWING 8 LINES CONTAIN PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA DATA VA/5. 0, 100. 0/ DATA VB/4. 0, 180. 0/ DATA WL/2. 0, 30. 0/ DATA VAP/6. 5, 120. 0/ DATA VBP/4. 5, 140. 0/ DATA WR/2. 0, 0. 0/ DATA VAPP/6. 0, 90. 0/ DATA VBPP/7. 0, 60. 0/ © END OF PROBLEM-DEPENDENT DATA CALL BALAN (VA, VB, VAP, VBP. VAPP, VBPP, WL, WR, BL, BR) PRINT 10 10 FORMAT (//,31H RESULTS OF TWO-PLANE BALANCING) PRINT 20, BL(1),BL(2) 20 FORMAT (//,26H LEFT-PLANE BALANCING WEIGHT, //, 11H MAGNITUDE: , 2 E15. 8. /, 7H ANGLE=, 4x, £15. 8) PRINT 30, BR(1), BR(2) 30 FORMAT (//,29H RIGHT-PLANE BALANCING WEIGHT. //, 2 LIM MAGNITUDES. £15. 8, /,7H ANGLE, 4X, £15. 8) sToP END RESULTS OF TWO-PLANE BALANCING LEFT-PLANE BALANCING WEIGHT MAGNITUDE= 0. 429152972E+01 ANGLE= —--0. 49705841£+02 RIGHT-PLANE BALANCING WEIGHT MAGNITUDE= 0. 21217260E+01 ANCLE= = -0. 39268179E+02 623aanen From Eg. (9-195), Mt eae ses ee -{ whe ote? " at Heat UG mat + ocr Be & footers) ye Se Cg + GTP x is given by &%.(9:1W6). the program for generating the values of Meeps tor F214, T= 01, 0,00 as & oc and 1-3 is given below. " x x ua and Sy for y varies between PRUBLEM 9-71 DI4ENSIUN X(2) REAL MU MU=0.05, vO 100 11=1,3 4 bu 90 JJ=1,15 G=Gr0,2 Fe1.0 Ik CLL .£0. 1) ZEraAs0. IF CLI 20. 2) ZA! AF UIT ye. 3) Ze 2.OFZETASG) 924 (G0 42—F 42) F42 XD=(( 2, 0*ZETAAG)#92)9((G#42—1,0+MU6G#G) 442) + 2 (MUFF EU SG$(GFG~1.074 (CGE SF) D942 XCL)SSQRTCANZXD) ANS (E44) ¢(2O8ZETACG) #42 XDS(FRF=G8G) 4424 (2.08ZETASG) 42 X (2) KC #SQRTCXN/XD) PRINT 50, 4U,ZELA,G.E SO FORMAL (/,2X,78 MU =,£15.8,2X,7H ZETA =,£15. 2.2X,7N G 5,E15.8,2%,7H F = E15.6) PRINT 60, X(1),4(2) eo | FURMAT (2x,7H XC) 90 CONTINUE 100 CUNTINUE sTUP END E15.8,2%,7H X(2) =,£15.8) MU = 0,500090U1E*01 ZETA = v,00009000E+00 G = 0,50u0000uVEK00 F 0, Lo0v9000E+u1 XL) = 0,13636304EH0L = X(2) = OL 18181819EFUL wu 0.50000001E~01 ZETA = 0.000000008+00 G = O.ovE000uZEFG0 =F = -0, 10000000E+01 X(L) = 0,16343209E402 —-X(2) = 0.25536203E+01 624v.sunongule=at 0. 90N0NSE +E Us2lodorozeeaL 2. 0099v900E+ 09 ©, 129909008 +01 0, 5v00uGNLF=a1 Js 12vewnovEror OL1TH0GOU3E FNL SG. 19 uvD0RFOL VeMeFooMEFGG x2) = SL49IL309EFUN O.n0nevouLz=91 — ZETR = v,1v0vouooEs02 Glievsoa7deedt F dL 1oven0Gesol Olslesoasoevvd —xX¢2) = UL 1158250 FROM MOF O.S0vu0AUIE-UL ZETA = 9, 1099009DE 402 SeuevosEraL FE 0219909999E FOL T3SHbuzaeeGU — RLad = GLdBTTAIS IEF 62) Crane location: x= AL EE sin ert (E.) Forging press location: %g(t)= Ag sin yy t 2) Air compressor location: *,(t)= Ag sinat (es) amplitude at source (a) Ac= to mm, Us IO Hz, F= Ort Attenuation law Ape Ag eT here A, and r= di Application of Fy-(e4) gives tance from source Ace topm reduces to 20 67) 2 ia ssica em Agzaopm reduces tp 30 67°51) _ a9. 1096 pum Aa= 25pm reduces to 15 67°74) ag.4c43 wm Disturbances at site of milling machine are - + %e(t) = 14-8164 & 7™ sin owt pam (es) 2e(t) = 2001096 sin 307E pm &) Xe (t) = 20-4683 sin got pum ©) 00 tye tay Find mi, i and Such that [mutterlmax = 250" when Xsround = Bet Ser ke all ccting” Fimultancourly 625 Ato *W/m = *, Ms 1000 4g > *Equations of motion : (mnt mi) Eh = Hs (ag 1) + Hey Crm any = 6 (Ry - 47 + fe (3, - %) <0 (ea) Meg Fh Hey (Ab *)— ep (HY = 0 @) hen [~ ° | a), [“ 3] i) ° wep | | nee coy |) % + [" id \" = Sapte Cn) = Key ey x ° The right hand side of &%. (Ey) giver, for each type of disturbance, When xy = x. (td: : nant Kity tes Hy = ki (Werca € sin rome 1s) + cs fiaetica Gan) & 7 When Aye az (ts . cart Sin zewt + weatcy (zo) € Kixgecs %y =; (20-10% sin 307k) + C0 (20-0 x 20m + coh tort) ©.) When xz= x4 (t): Ki Xg tc: Ry =H: (2004683 tim got) + Cz (20-4683 « 407 « cof Gort) (Eu) Procedure zm Oy (Ht) Assume my @) Assume *5 G) Find cp 2 0-2 fms ar G) Solve Ey. (Ee) numerically with xg= x.(t)- Find max Byte). (5) Solve Eg. (€~) numerically with *y= 25> Find max =,,(0)- 626(6) Solve &- (Et) numerically with x= £q(t)- Find max %4,(t). (7) Find max a(t) = max [¥ 4 (>|+ nas | 54g (0) | + max pat)| (8) TE max x(t) = 25 pm, current values of ms, ti amd Cf constitute the desired design. (2) otherwise, increment mj and/or :, and go to step (2). 627