t

1s IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016)

Improving the Performance ofHybrid Microgrid

using Isolated Three-port Converter

l 2
Pinjala Mohana Kishore and Ravikumar Bhimasingu
I
Student, Member IEEE, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, (11TH), India
2
Member IEEE, Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad, (11TH), India
l 2
E-mail: eeI4reschO lO06@iith.ac.in. ravikumar@iith.ac.in

Abstract-Recent developments in hybrid microgrid connected to both DC and AC buses. This will be decided
systems have brought challenges to the development of new at installation stage and/or design level. If the storage
power conversion circuits, which integrate multiple input system is connected to DC centralized bus, then this
and output. In traditional hybrid microgrid, interlinking
architecture is named as DC side storage hybrid microgrid
converter integrate AC and DC buses but, it cannot integrate
(DCS) and is shown in Fig. l(a).
storage system. It require more power conversions, device
count to transfer power from one side to other side. It
reduces power quality and overall efficiency of the system.
The recent development in new power conversion circuit, can
integrates multiple input and output. The use of these multi
port power converters in hybrid microgrids are integrating
different DC source to centralized DC bus. These existing
multi-port converts do not fuHiII the requirement of DC
DC/AC power conversion to interface storage system with
AC and DC buses. On this basis, this paper proposes a new
isolated three port converter (ITPq having storage port, DC (a)
microgrid port and AC microgrid port. It improves the AC Load

performance of hybrid microgrid with all kinds of power

conversions like AC/DC-AC, AC-AC/DC, DC-AC/DC, and
AC/DC-DC. This ITPC tested with hybrid microgrid using

MATLAB/Simulink and comparative results with
traditional microgrid architectures are presented in the
aspects of power transfer capability, energy management of
the storage system, and power quality of the microgrid
system.
Keywords-Three Port Converter; Hybrid Microgrid; (b)
Storage System; Power Quality

I. INTRODUCTION

Hybrid microgrid architecture is emerging as a

flexible and modular solution that integrates various
heterogeneous energy resources and loads. This traditional
hybrid microgrid architecture can also reduce the number
of power conversion stages, when compared to other
microgrid architectures such as, centralized AC bus and
(c)
centralized DC bus architectures. Recent development in
hybrid microgrid systems have brought challenges to
design of new power electronic converters. In hybrid
microgrid system, DC and AC sub grids separated by
interlinking AC-DC bidirectional converter. These
interlinking converters have bi-directional power transfer
capability [1]. Generally, all AC generation units and AC
loads are connected to the AC centralized bus and all DC
generation units and DC loads are connected to the DC
centralized bus. It can operated both island and grid (d)
connected modes. The storage system of a hybrid
Fig. 1: Application oflnterlinking Converters a) DCS b) ACS c) ADS d)
microgrid connected to any of the centralized buses or Proposed Three-port Converter System (TPCS)

978-1-4673-8587-9/16/$31.00 2016 IEEE [1]

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1s IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016)

If the storage system is connected to AC side three port converter (ITPC) which is having AC microgrid
centralized bus, then this architecture is named as AC side port, DC microgrid port and storage port. It integrate alI
storage hybrid microgrid (ACS) and is shown in Fig. l(b). the three systems. This converter performs DC-AC/DC,
If the storage system is connected at both AC and DC AC-DC/DC, and DC-DC/AC operations. The hybrid
centralized buses, then this microgrid architecture is microgrid system along with the proposed three port
named as AC-DC side storages hybrid microgrid (ADS) converter is shown in Fig. 1 (d), is named as TPCS
and is shown in Fig. l(c). Main drawbacks of this systems architecture.
are increase power conversion stages, component count, The paper is organized as follows: Section 11
cost and reduction in power quality, power density and describes about the ITPC and control of the proposed
efficiency [2]. The concept of multi-port converters is system along with its operating modes. Section III
presented in literature by several researchers to integrate discusses about simulation results and comparative
multiple DC source to a single DC bus with multi analysis of the proposed converter with existing traditional
input/output converter [3]. These multi-port converters hybrid architectures in aspects of power quality, power
have been emerging and presented in number of transfer capability, frequency deviation, and utilization of
applications like hybrid electric vehicles, storage. Finally, conclusions are presented in Section IV.
aerospace/satellite applications, marine systems, and
uninterrupted power supplies because of its simple 11. PROPOSEO ISOLATEO THREE PORT

structure, minimum number of conversion stages and less CONVERTER (ITPC)

number of devices.
A. Description of Proposed ITPC
Multi-port converters can be classified (i) based on
number of inputs/outputs, (ii) based on the converter This proposed ITPC has two H-bridge converters
topology, and (iii) based on power conversion. As per the connected to the windings of a three winding transformer
number of inputs and outputs, they are again classified as as shown in Fig. 2. These are symmetrical in structure. PI-
(a) multi input multi output, (b) multi input single output, P4 are the primary side H-bridge (H l) converter switches
and (c) single input multi output. Based on converter and SI- S4 are the secondary side H-bridge (H2) converter
topology, they are divided into three types (a) isolated switches. These H-bridges are bi-directional AC-DC
converters, (b) non isolated converters and (c) galvanic converters. This high frequency transformer is not only
isolated converters. And based on power conversion these providing electrical isolation but also matches the voltages
are divided into (a) DC-DC converters (b) DC- AC/DC of both the sides. Here,
converters and (c) AC-DC/AC converters. The brief 1 :n:n is turns ratio of the transformer.
literature survey on different multi-port converters along Vdcl, Vdc2 and Vac are voltages of storage system, DC
with advantages, applications, and limitations are in Table I. microgrid and AC microgrid respectively.
Form the literature, it is revealed that most of the idcl, idc2 and iac are current through storage system,
multi-port converters are designed for DC-DC power DC microgrid and AC microgrid respectively.
conversion. But in hybrid microgrid the DC-AC/DC, AC VI, V2 and V3 are transformer primary, secondary and
DC/DC, and AC-DC/AC converter are required to tertiary winding voltages.
integrate the AC microgrid, DC microgrid and storage
systems. On this basic, this paper propose a new isolated
TABLE 1: LrTERATURE REVIEW ON MULTI-PORT CONVERTERS
Cited Reference Type of Converter Advantages/ Applications Limitations Type of Conversion
[4] Three port, isolated High conversion ratio, less number of Limited to SISO, DlSO, SIDO OC-OC
switches
[5], [25-27], [29] Three port, isolated Simple control Increase cost and size OC-OC
[6], [21] Three port, isolated derived from Two bi-directional ports, isolated Limited conversion OC-OC, Inverted
full-bridge output; Buck, boost and inverted
operations
[7], [15], [18], Three port, isolated derived from Soft switchi ng Complex control OC-OC
[28] hai f-bridge
[8] Multi-port, isolated Solid state transformer Increase cost and size OC-OC
[9] Multi input and multi output, non Single state conversion and reliable Limited to OC-OC conversion OC-OC
isolated derived from half-bridge
[10], [16], [22], Multi input, isolated Reduce part count, high step-up, less Selection of components OC-OC
[24] complex
[11], [19], [23] Non isolated High voltage gain, single stage power No si multaneous energy OC-OC
conversion, stand-alone RES transfer
[12] Non isolated, H-bridge Less device count, power decoupling Less efficiency OC/OC/AC
[13] Isolated, Three port Reduces switching losses, EMI More number of conversions OC-OC
[14] Single input, multi outputs, non- Easy to control Limited source voltage, High OC-OC, Inverted
isolated inductance

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1s IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016)

[20], [30] Non-isolated, dual-output Simple, less cost, RES applications One input port, no storage oe-oe
port, not a bidirectional
[16] Isolated, two inputs High step up High power loss, less reliable oe-oe

LI, L2 and L3 are leakage inductances connected each Fig. 4: Operating Modes of the Proposed ITPC
windings of the transformer respectively. They are
B. Control of the Proposed ITPC
used for energy transfer and realizing soft switching
operation. The proposed ITPC is controlled by PI based current
il, i2 and i3 are leakage currents in inductance LI, L2 and voItage control logic as shown in Fig. 3. The DC
and L3 respectively. voItage at the storage port of converter (Vdcl) is compared
with the reference DC voItage (Vdclre;)' The generated
current reference (ilre;) is compared with actual i l. This
resuItant is used to generate the PWM signals to feed to
the P1-P4. The controller is shown in Fig. 3(a). Similarly,
the PWM signals for H2 bridge switches SI-S4 are
generated based on Vdc2ref V2, Vdc2 and i2 as shown in Fig.
3(b). The response of the controller shown in Fig. 3(c).
The overall TPCS microgrid with the proposed ITPC and
its control is shown in Fig. 5.

Fig. 2: Proposed ITPC C. Modes of Operation of the Proposed ITPC

The proposed ITPC can perform six different
operating modes as shown in Fig. 4 and are explained
below. Here Pac, Pdc and Pb are the powers available at
AC, DC buses and storage port respectively. Arrow
direction towards the ITPC represents the source and away
from ITPC represents load/sink.
Mode I: In this mode of operation, battery is
(a) charging, AC bus is having only load (no generation)
and DC bus is having generation and acting as a
source. In this mode, the proposed ITPC converts
DC to AC and DC.
Ydc2
Mode 11: In this mode of operation, battery is
charging, AC bus is acting as source and DC bus is
acting as load/sink. In this mode of operation, the
ITPC converts AC to DC and DC.
(b)
Mode III- In this mode of operation, battery is
charging, both AC and DC buses are acting as
sources. Here, ITPC charges battery from both the
sources.
Mode IV: In this mode battery is discharging, AC
and DC buses are acting as loads. The proposed
ITPC supports DC and AC buses through battery

(e) power.

Fig. 3: Controllers for the Proposed ITPC a) VI-Controller Mode V- In this mode, battery is discharging, AC bus
for HI b) VI -Controller acting as load, and DC bus acting as source. The

Pb Pac Pb Pac Pb Pac

proposed ITPC supports the AC bus from power
available at the DC buses.
Mode VI: In this mode battery is discharging, AC
Pdc Pdc Pdc bus is acting as source and DC bus is acting as load.

Mode! Moden Mndp 111 The proposed ITPC supports the DC bus from the
power available at the DC bus and storage bus.
Pb Pac Pb Pac Pb Pac
III. RESULTS ANO COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Pdc Pdc Pdc
Mode IV Mode V Mode VI
The proposed ITPC is simulated using
MA TLAB/Simulink software. The modeling parameters

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1s IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics. Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016)

used in this simulation are shown in Table 11. Simulation converter transformer and is observed that the total
is done by considering the islanded mode of operation of algebraic sum of powers available at the transformer is
microgrid by assuming maximum power generation almost zero. i.e., PI + P2 + P3 ;:::: O.
available on AC, DC and storage systems are 4.6kW,
2.75kW and lkW respectively. The total load on the
hybrid microgrid system is 5kW. The traditional microgrid
architectures like ACS, DCS, and ADS are simulated
under different modes of operation which are shown in
Table III. The simulation resuIts of both TPCS and
traditional microgrid architectures are compared by Tlmefueondl}

considering different aspects of power transfer capability, ( a)

power quality and energy management strategy.

( b)

....

Fig. 5: Overall Control Structure of TPCS Hybrid Microgrid Architecture

TABLE 2: MODELlNG PARAMETERS
S.No. Parameter Value , .. o!---.!o------.!.-----!.--"
-; o,\;---,--,\;----
- --.'.------,,--- --
-.' ____ __,J ,
Ttm.(ucondsj
I LI. L2 L3 ImH,3mH,ImH
( c)
2 K,I. K,2. Kil Ki2 10,10,0. 01,0.01
3 Transformer frequency 50Hz

TABLE 3: MODES OF OPERA TlONS

Mode Battery AC bus DC bus Duration (sec)
I Charging Load Source 0-0.3
11 Charging Source Load 0.3-0. 6
1lI Charging Source Source 0.6-0. 9
IV Discharging Load Load 0.9-1. 2
o--'---'o.-,---;,---T.,---
V Discharging Load Source 1.2-1. 5 Tim. (ucands)

VI Discharging Source Load 1.5-1. 8 ( d)

Fig. 6: Voltage and Current Waveforms a) AC Voltage on AC Bus b)
A. Power Availability at Three Port Current through AC Bus c) DC Voltage on DC Bus d) DC Current
Transformer of ITPC through DC Bus

The voItage and current waveforms of AC and DC

buses of TPCS are shown in Fig. 6 for different operating
modes. From Fig. 6 (a) and Fig. 6 (b) it is observed that
even there is a slight decrease in voItage, the current
waveform is smooth during mode IV and V, because the
loads connected to AC bus draw power from either DC
bus or storage. Fig. 6 (c) and Fig. 6(d) are DC bus side
voItage and current wave forms. Fig. 7 shows the Fig. 7: Frequency Deviation of ACS, DCS,ADS and TPCS Architectures
frequency deviation of AC bus in all traditional and TPCS
MODE I MODE 11
architectures. From this, during the mode 11 and III,
frequency deviation of TPCS is very smooth due to the
availability of more generation at AC bus. DCS gives poor
frequency deviation in all modes among other
architectures as it requires more number of power
conversions in order to supply power to loads connected to , , , , , ,
02 0.' 0.' u ... 1.'

AC bus. In Fig. 8, PI, P2 and P3 are the powers across

primary, secondary and tertiary windings of ITPC Fig. 8: Power Availability at three Port Transformer of ITPC

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1s IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES-2016)

B. Power Quality D. Comparison of Traditional and TPCS Microgrids

The total harmonic distortion (THD) of current From the above analysis, the comparison among an
waveforms at AC bus of TPCS for an six modes of the traditional microgrids and TPCS microgrid is obtained
operation are shown in Fig. 9. From these results, Mode 11, as shown in Table VI. From this, it is seen that the
III, and VI reflects better power quality compared to performance of the hybrid microgrid increases with the
modes I, IV and V. This is because of the AC bus, which use of proposed ITPC.
acts as a source in mode 11, III and VI and acts as a load TABLE 6: COMPARIS ION OF DCS,ACS,ADS AND TPCS
for modes I, IV and V. The THDs of different microgrid Parameter ACS DCS ADS TPCS
architectures in different modes are tabulated in Table IV Power quality Less Moderate Less High
and it is observed that, compared to an architectures, Effective storage utilization No No No Yes
TPCS has shown better power quality because it requires a Frequency deviation Medium High Medium Less
Effective utilization of storage No No No Yes
single power conversion in all modes.
TABLE 4: THDs OF VARIOUS MICROGRID ARCHITECTURES IV. CONCLUSION
Mode ACS(%TIID ) DCS(%TIID ) ADS(%THD) TPCS
(%THD) This paper proposed an isolated three-port converter
I 6.91 5.22 5.10 5.02
topology suitable for hybrid microgrid architecture and
[] 2.54 2.11 4.11 1.86
III 4.11 3.21 3.04 2.86
discussed the appropriate control and its modes of
lV 4.12 4.50 4.92 4.07 operation. This converter tested with hybrid microgrid and
V 5.23 5.11 5.09 5.05
results are compared with conventional architectures. The
VI 3.22 2.91 3.22 2.71
achievements of this proposed converter are summarized
C. Availability of Storage During Faults as follows:
The hybrid microgrid with proposed ITPC have good
Suppose in case of DCS, if fault occurs on the DC bus,
power transfer capability with less frequency
the DC bus along with the storage is isolated from the
deviation.
system and storage is not available for AC side loads.
It has better power quality among all traditional
Sirnilarly in case of ACS, fault occurs on the AC bus isolates
architectures because of single power conversion in
both AC bus and its storage. In case of ADS fault on any bus
all modes.
makes partial unavailability of the storage system. But, in
It provides effective utilization of storage during
case of TPCS system, TPCS provides better energy
fault conditions.
management strategy (EMS), because irrespective of the
Based on analysis and simulation results, it is
fault location battery or storage is not isolated from the
conclude that the proposed ITPC improves the overall
system. So, effective utilization of battery reflects in meeting
performance of hybrid microgrid.
the required demand. Even though battery is not completely
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