UNIVERSITY OF THE EAST

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MACHINE PROBLEM
INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION

SUBMITTED BY;
MUSCA LESTER L.
SUBMITTED TO;
ENGR. DARWIN ALPIS
 1.) Some tasks are intermittent, but they need to know the last status of operation. This is a very
modal type of operation. The point to remember is, what constitutes a mode? How can the
program be split so that it fulfills both needs? A simple either/or situation can be dealt with
by using an ALT instruction.

DESCRIPTION:

This programming combination can be seen in many situations. Often however, the use is subtly
different. On one occasion a machine may be started and on another an extractor fan may be
switched from recirculate to extract. In each case the initial appearance of the problem does not
immediately suggest that the same solution can be used.

This is just as true with this sheets example, a black board cleaner. The initial reaction of the
programmer would be that this cannot be the same as starting a machine or changing a mode.
However, if the physical application is ignored and the sequence or events required for the operation
of the product are studied, then similarities can be drawn between such diverse applications.

This approach cannot be taken independently as physical problems do prevent certain ideal
operations from taking place. The point to remember is that there is more than one way to look at a
problem, hence this very neat little board cleaning routine.
 2.) The timing of an event can be controlled from one input, alternating the timer from an ON to
OFF.

DESCRIPTION:

To get an accurate measurement of the time taken for an operation to occur requires that some part
of that operation triggers the start/stop. The example shown is extremely high speed, a dragster
racing over a short distance. The time will need to be measured in ms. If the start/stop control of the
timer was left to the human eye, errors would surely occur. Hence, photocells are used to sense the
exact moment the dragster crosses either the start or finish line. Both of the photocells, PC1 and
PC2, are linked to one input X001. This input causes the flag M050 to be pulsed, which in turn causes
the applied instruction ALT (FNC 66) to alternate the status of flag M051. The final effect of this is to
start and stop the timer T246. This timer is a special timer as not only does it have a 1ms resolution
but it also has retentive capabilities. This means once the dragster has crossed the finish line the
time is still stored for reference. Please note the time is given in ms and hence will need dividing by
1000 for seconds. The timer must be reset by giving input X002.
 3.) A timer which can be taught can be a very useful tool when manual setups of
automatic equipment is required.
DESCRIPTION:

The automatic press tool shown has to be set up for each new job, i.e. a new forming tool is used
and possibly a different material will be used. In this particular example the press tool has a manual
mode in which the machine is set up, and an automatic mode which allows the full production
sequence to run without any human help. To ensure the material being punched/formed has enough
time to flow to the new shape the timer controlling the press has to be altered. Hence in manual
mode the setting technician holds down the teach button for the time duration required. This data is
automatically transferred to the timer used in the automatic operation mode. This has been achieved
by timing how long the teach button is pressed, moving the elapsed time to a data register and then
using that data register as the set time for the automatic mode timer