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n 1 1 / 1 point
Insolation over a course of a year _______ as you move from the equator towards either pole.
a) remains constant for another month in July

b) decreases
c) remains constant
d) increase
Question 2 1 / 1 point
Which direction does the earth rotate as viewed from the North Pole?
a) along the lines of longitude

b) clockwise
c) north to south
d) counterclockwise
Lecture 6 - Heat Capacity, World
n 3 1 / 1 point
This city has the largest annual temperature range.
a) Aswan
b) Manaus
c) Hamburg
d) Yakutsk
The warmest temperatures are typically found:
a) in temperate latitudes.
b) near oceans.
c) in equatorial regions.
d) in subequatorial regions.
Lecture 7 - Humidity
n 5 0 / 1 point
___________ is a common example of sublimation.
a) Ice cube shrinkage

b) Frost
c) Cloud formation
d) Dew
Absolute humidity is:
a) density of water vapor.

b) the best measure of water content.
c) not affected by changes in volume or pressure.
d) none of the above
Lecture 7 - Vapour Pressure, Dew Point
n 7 1 / 1 point
Steam fog would be most likely to occur in:
a) late fall and early winter.

b) summer.
c) spring.
d) late winter.
Lecture 7 - Relative Humidity
n 8 0 / 1 point
What is probably the most effective index of water vapor content?
a) relative humidity
b) precipitation
c) absolute humidity
d) dew point
Lecture 8 - Adiabatic Process
n 9 1 / 1 point
The reduced rate at which rising air is cooled by expansion when condensation is occurring is the ________.
a) warming adiabatic lapse rate

b) dry adiabatic lapse rate
c) environmental lapse rate
d) moist adiabatic lapse rate
Lecture 8 - Stability
n 10 0 / 1 point
Static stability:
a) is unaffected by the density of the air parcel.

b) is similar to buoyancy.
c) is unrelated to adiabatic cooling.
d) is unaffected by the temperature of the air parcel.
This the most important mechanism for stopping the rise of unstable air parcels:
a) encountering a layer of stable air.

b) friction.
c) entrainment.
d) reaching the lifting condensation level.
Lecture 9 - Cloud Development
n 12 1 / 1 point
This occurs when a large mass of cold air slides underneath a large mass of warm air:
a) convective lifting.
b) orographic lifting.
c) convergence.
d) frontal lifting.
The most common mechanism of cloud formation is:

a) adding water vapor to the air.
b) mixing warm moist air with cold air.
lowering the air temperature to the dew point by adiabatic cooling of rising
c)
air.
Lecture 9 - Cloud Forms
n 14 1 / 1 point
What type of cloud is seen in this figure?
a) Cumulus
b) Altocumulus
c) Cirrus
d) Lenticular cloud
Clouds that are high and are always composed entirely of ice crystals are:
a) thunderheads.
b) alto.
c) stratus.
d) cirrus.
Lecture 9 - Fog
n 16 1 / 1 point
_____________ forms often forms along the California coast.
a) Smog forms
b) Advection fog
c) Radiation fog
d) Steam fog
Lecture 10 Precipitation Formation
n 17 1 / 1 point
Precipitation induced when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier is known as ____________.
a) supercooled precipitation
b) orographic precipitation
c) Bergeron process precipitation
d) warm cloud precipitation
Terminal velocity is achieved when:
a) Nolan Ryan's fastball impacts the catcher's mitt.

b) you enter the freeway from the on-ramp.
c) gravity is equalized by spinning.
d) there is a balance between the falling body and the drag of atmospheric
molecules.
Lecture 10 Forms of Precipitation
n 19 1 / 1 point
Graupel:
a) does not contain air bubbles.

b) has sharp edges.
c) can provide the nuclei for hail.
d) can be as large as hail.
Lecture 10 Precipitation Worldwide
n 20 1 / 1 point
In the western part of North America, snowfall distribution is primarily dependent upon:
a) latitude.
b) the presence of major north-south mountain ranges.
c) the location of large lakes.
d) proximity to Mexico.
When air is forced to rise,
Once a parcel of air rises above the lifting
In an un stable environment, the
Conditionally unstable air:

This type of air will keep rising after
Vapor pressure is
The vapor pressure of a volume of air depends on
The dew point:

Specific Humidity as temperature decreases.
Air that contains as much water as it can hold:

Relative humidity
Occurs when latent heat is released as water changes from a gas to a liquid.
Of the following, which is not dependent upon
Occurs when a solid changes to a liquid.

When the relative humidity is 100 percent:
For which hydrological parameter does S provide

Which of the following parameters of the soil moisture
Which type of water eventually becomes

Which type of soil water returns to the atmosphere by
Most of Earths water is located in the

If air becomes progressively warmer and more
Ultimately, the buoyancy of a rising air parcel is

Air that must be lifted before it
The lower atmosphere is most likely to have the

The is simply an expression of how the temperature
As the temperature increases

air can hold more water
occurs when a liquid

Absolute humidity is:
Specific humidity
The number of grams of water
Occurs when a gas changes to a

Using the graph, what is the dew point
The amount of water vapor in an air
The relative humidity can increase or

Which of the following parameters of
At which of these locations

The residence time of water in the
The is known as pathways if active movement of water
What does S account for in the water balance equation?

An inversion
When air is forced to descend
Inversions
Air that must be lifted before

Cooling from 4 to 9
When the relative humidity is

Occur when a gas changes to
Saturation vapor pressure is

Humidity
This is the maximum amount

Specific humidity
Occurs when latent heat is

Occurs when latent is released as water
Humidity
Which of the following measures of humidity
The residence time of water
Which type of soil water
Which type of soil water returns to

Which type of water
Liquid water at the ground

Ultimately, the buoyancy of rising air
Absolutely stable air

The rate at which rising air
Air that must be lifted before

Adiabatic processes
Saturation vapor pressure is
Occurs when a gas

Using the graph, what is the dew point
Humidity
Occurs when a liquid

Air can hold more water vapor
Which of the following measures

The dew point
The dew point

Occurs when latent heat
Which of the following is water loss

Most of Earths freshwater
What doe S account for

At which of these locations
Which type of soil water cannot
6 - Rotation, Solstices, Path

n 1 1 / 1 point
On the March equinox, the equator receives this many hours of daylight:
a) almost 24
b) 24
c) 12
d) 13
On the December solstice the subsolar point is located at the ____________.
a) 23.5S
b) 23.5N
c) 26.5N
d) 0
n 3 0 / 1 point
Temperatures at any point on the face of the earth are influenced by:
a) latitude.
b) altitude.
c) proximity to water.
d) all of the above
In the Southern Hemisphere, south-facing slopes:
a) receive more solar radiation than do north-facing slopes.

b) will typically look the same as north-facing slopes, except near the equator.
c) are most lush in subtropical regions.
d) are more likely to have more vegetation.
n 5 1 / 1 point
Specific humidity:
a) is not useful for discussing air that is saturated with water.

b) changes as a given mass of air expands.
is a useful measure for comparing water vapor at two different
c)
locations.
is the most common way to present humidity data in television
d)
weather forecasts.
________ is the general term for the amount of moisture in the air.
a) Specific humidity
b) Saturation
c) Humidity
d) Grams per kilogram
n 7 1 / 1 point
The dew point:
a) is constant for a particular sample of air.

determines the next morning minimum temperature, provided no air mass change
b)
has occurred.
c) is the temperature air must be cooled to in order for condensation to form.
d) all of the above
n 8 1 / 1 point
The wet bulb depression depends on:
a) air moisture content.

b) air temperature.
c) air composition.
d) air pressure.
n 9 1 / 1 point
Once a parcel of air rises above the lifting condensation level, the rate of cooling slows because:
a) the air surrounding the parcel is cooler.

b) the parcel of air continues to cool at the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
c) water droplets absorb visible light much better than water vapor does.
d) latent heat is released when water vapor condenses.
n 10 0 / 1 point
One of the fastest ways to destabilize an atmosphere is to:
a) lift it.
b) allow it to sink.
c) advect it over a cold surface.
d) warm it from the top down.
Air that must be lifted before it becomes unstable means that the atmosphere is:
a) absolutely unstable.
b) neutral.
c) absolutely stable.
d) conditionally unstable.
n 12 1 / 1 point
This occurs when a mountain range forces air to rise:

a) localized convective lifting.
b) orographic lifting.
c) convergence.
d) frontal lifting.
Frontal lifting is often likened to a conveyor belt and is referred to as:
a) overrunning.
b) isobaric upheaval.
c) trans-continental uplift.
d) frontal overload.
n 14 0 / 1 point
Stratus clouds:
a) can form sheets up to several hundred kilometers long.

b) form only from the adiabatic lifting of air.
c) are a most responsible for colorful sunsets.
d) have a high-water content.
Cirrostratus clouds:
a) are formed by wind shear.

b) are responsible for the halo effect.
c) contain a mixture of ice crystals and supercooled water droplets.
d) are more likely to herald coming precipitation than are cirrocumulus clouds.
Lecture 9 - Fog
n 16 1 / 1 point
This type of fog is NOT the result of air cooling to the dew point:
a) steam fog.
b) advection fog.
c) upslope fog.
d) radiation fog.
n 17 0 / 1 point
ess by which supercooled water droplets freeze onto falling ice crystals is called:
a) riming.
b) cold-cloud condensation.
c) Bergeron bonding.
d) aggregation.
The ________ cloud process occurs in temperatures above freezing.
a) Bergeron
b) warm cloud
c) supercooled
d) orographic
n 19 1 / 1 point
Rain that falls in an almost random, stop-and-start manner is called:
a) showers.
b) warm frontal precipitation.
c) squalls.
d) virga.
n 20 1 / 1 point
A typical meteorological _________ gauge is constructed from a narrow cylinder with a funnel at the top.
a) wind
b) rain
c) humidity
d) pressure

on 1 1 / 1 point
The Earth is tilted at ______ degrees with respect to its orbital plane.
a) 23.5
b) 20
c) 90
d) 66.5
According to the figure, daily average insolation at 40 N on the June solstice is:
a) 580 W/m2
b) 460 W/m2
c) 160 W/m2
d) 350 W/m2
on 3 1 / 1 point
Which city has a moderate annual temperature range?
a) both
b) Yuma, Arizona
c) San Francisco, California
d) neither
In the Southern Hemisphere, south-facing slopes:
a) are more likely to have more vegetation.

b) receive more solar radiation than do north-facing slopes.
c) will typically look the same as north-facing slopes, except near the equator.
d) are most lush in subtropical regions.
on 5 1 / 1 point
The process whereby molecules break free of the liquid volume in which they reside is known as:
a) the solute effect.
b) boiling.
c) evaporation.
d) freezing.
e) both B and C
Saturation:
a) requires the presence of other gases besides water vapor.

b) occurs when the condensation rate equals the evaporation rate.
occurs even when there are still substantial fluctuations in the concentration of
c)
water vapor above the surface.
d) is a state of disequilibrium.
on 7 1 / 1 point
Contrails:
a) are not legitimate cloud forms.

b) almost never last for any appreciable length of time.
c) are caused by the warm, moist jet aircraft exhausts.
d) are too high in the atmosphere to impact surface weather conditions.
on 8 1 / 1 point
The hair hygrometer:
a) was popular in the nineteenth century, but is no longer used today.

b) requires swinging the instrument around one's head for at least a minute.
c) uses hairs from dogs, usually golden retrievers.
d) takes advantage of the ability of hair to respond to changes in humidity.
on 9 1 / 1 point
When air is forced to descend, its temperature ________________.
a) decreases
b) remains constant
c) increases
d) fluctuates
on 10 0 / 1 point
This type of air will keep rising after an initial upward push:
a) Absolutely unstable air.

b) Absolutely stable air.
c) Conditionally stable air.
d) air that is colder and denser than surrounding air.
Air that must be lifted before it becomes unstable means that the atmosphere is:
a) absolutely stable.
b) conditionally unstable.
c) neutral.
d) absolutely unstable.
on 12 1 / 1 point
The most common mechanism of cloud formation is:

b) mixing warm moist air with cold air.
lowering the air temperature to the dew point by adiabatic
c)
cooling of rising air.
Clouds:
a) result from the warming or rising air parcels.

b) will eventually disappear through evaporation.
continue to form new droplets at least 8000 meters above the lifting
c)
condensation level.
d) are not affected by the dew point lapse rate.
on 14 1 / 1 point
a) Lenticular cloud
b) Cirrus
c) Cumulus
d) Altocumulus
Cumulus congestus:
a) are composed entirely of supercooled water droplets.

b) do not have temperatures below about -4 degrees Celsius.
c) have large temperature differences between the bottom and top.
d) are formed in stable air, typically in inversion layers.
Lecture 9 - Fog
on 16 0 / 1 point
_____________ forms at night when the temperature of the air layer at the ground level falls below the dew point.
a) Advection fog
b) Steam fog
c) Smog forms
d) Radiation fog
on 17 0 / 1 point
Raindrops fall to the ground when:
a) the coalescence rate exceeds that of the collision rate.

b) they are able to catch a fast-moving downdraft.
they reach a large enough terminal velocity for both their size
c)
and the distance between them and the ground.
d) they are at least five times the size of a cloud droplet.
The growth of ice crystals in the Bergeron-Findeisen process occurs because:
a) the relative humidity is higher in a cold cloud than in a warm cloud.

b) updrafts are extremely strong during the Bergeron-Findeisen process.
c) liquid water is attracted to ice because of an electrical charge differential.
d) of the difference between saturation vapor pressure between ice and water.
on 19 1 / 1 point
Sleet:
a) is more dangerous than freezing rain.

b) is usually associated with a cold front.
c) requires the presence of a warmer above-freezing inversion layer.
d) freezes immediately upon touching the surface.
on 20 1 / 1 point
With reference to the Great Lakes, which of the following mechanisms are favorable for precipitation in that area?
a) initial mechanism for uplift

b) unstable air
c) sufficient moisture
d) all of the above
New verson
This occurs when a mountain
A tiny bit of
This is the most
Condensation nuclei:
Orographic uplift is usually

This is NOT a form
Which of the following are NOT
Stratocumulus clouds are considered

Cumuliform clouds
Clouds that are high and are always composed
Radiation fog:
Form when a warm, moist
When the atmosphere contain
The collision-coalescence process:

Collision-coalescence is the predominant
The cloud process occurs in

Raindrops fall because:
During the formation of snow,

Is precipitation that reaches
Sleet:
In the collision-coalescence process
Lecture 6 - Rotation, Solstices, Path
On the June solstice, areas south of ____________ receive no sun.

a) 23.5S
b) 66.5S
*
c) 23.5N
d) 60S
On the March equinox, the subsolar point is at what latitude?
a) 33.5N
b) 66.5N
c) 43.5N
d) 0
*
___________ is the difference between the incoming shortwave radiation and outgoing longwave radiation. At noon it has
quite large positive values.
a) Incoming shortwave
* b) Longwave radiation
c) Heat effect
* d) Net radiation
The warmest period of the day:
a) occurs during the time of maximum insolation.
b) typically occurs at noon.
c) occurs when incoming radiative energy is exactly balanced by outgoing radiative energy.
d) occurs when the surface energy budget is running a surplus.

*
___________ is a common example of deposition.
a) Dew
b) Cloud formation
* c) Frost
d) Ice cube shrinkage

*
___________ occurs when latent heat is released as water changes from a gas to a liquid.
a) Hydrologic
b) Evaporation
c) Deposition
*
*
d) Condensation
This is the maximum amount of water vapor an air parcel can contain based on its temperature.
a) air temperature
b) saturated specific humidity

*
c) dew-point
*
d) specific humidity

The ________________ is a tool that measures relative humidity
a) thermometer
b) barometer
c) humidifier
*
d) sling psychrometer
*
The _____________ is simply an expression of how the temperature of still air varies with altitude.
a) dry adiabatic lapse rate
*
b) environmental lapse rate
c) moist adiabatic lapse rate
d) warming adiabatic lapse rate
Entrainment:
a) usually increases the positive buoyancy of unstable air.
b) feeds cloud growth.
c) brings unsaturated air into clouds.

*
d) warms cloud margins.
*
If air becomes progressively warmer and more buoyant than the surrounding air, it is said to be:
a) absolutely stable.
b) conditionally unstable.
*
c) neutral.
d) absolutely unstable.
*
The cloudiest city in Canada is in the province of:

a) British Columbia.
*
b) Quebec.
*
c) Newfoundland and Labrador
d) Yukon.
This is the most common source of condensation nuclei in places like Hamilton and Toronto:
a) aerosols from fires.
b) sea salt.
*
c) human activities.
d) dust.
*
a) stratus.
b) thunderheads.
c) cirrus.
*
d) alto.
Cumulus congestus:
a) are formed in stable air, typically in inversion layers.
b) have large temperature differences between the bottom and top.

*
c) are composed entirely of supercooled water droplets.
d) do not have temperatures below about -4 degrees Celsius.
Lecture 9 - Fog
Radiation fog:
a) disappears through "lifting."

b) does not form if there is any wind.
* c) occurs most often on cloudless nights.
d) is the type of fog that envelops San Francisco in the summer.

*
*
a) Bergeron
*
b) supercooled
c) warm cloud
*
d) orographic
*
____________ occurs repeatedly in the image.
a) Orographic precipitation
*
b) Supercooled precipitation
c) Convective precipitation
*
d) Isohyets precipitation
In comparison to liquid water, the density of the ice in hail is:
a) 50% of water.
b) 90% of water.
*
c) no difference
d) 70% of water.
*
Globally, annual precipitation amounts are highest in the:
a) mid-latitudes.
b) northern Europe.
c) east coast of Asia.
* d) tropical rain forests of South America and Africa.

A is correct
The Bergeron process
In the collision-coalescence process, the entire
On the March equinox, the equator receives this many hours of daylight:
a) 12
b) 13
c) almost
24
d) 24
On the December solstice, areas north of ____ do not experience a sunrise.
a) 33.5N
b) 23.5N
c) 43.5N
d) 66.5N
Coastal areas experience ___________ annual temperature changes compared to locations further inland due to
their proximity to a large body of water and water's _______ specific heat capacity.
a) moderate,
high
b) moderate, low
c) extreme; high
d) extreme; low
The region with the greatest difference between summer and winter average temperatures would be:
a) central Australia.
b) northern North America.
c) north Africa.
d) eastern Siberia.
Humidity:
a) applies to water, whether solid, liquid, or vapor.
b) is a measure of only the water vapor in the air.
c) is measured only one way
d) is unrelated to the vapor pressure of water.
Which of the following pairs of change-of-state processes bypass the liquid state of water?
a) freezing and melting
b) sublimation and deposition
c) evaporation and condensation
Using the graph, what is the dew point temperature if the current air temperature is 35C and the specific
humidity is 15 g/kg?
a) 5C
b) 20C
c) 10C
d) 30C
Relative humidity:
a) requires knowledge of the saturation specific humidity.
b) gives the percentage of water molecules in the air.
c) is a term rarely used by television weather forecasters.

d) is measured in grams per kilogram.
When air is forced to rise, it expands and its temperature __________.
a) fluctuates
b) remains constant
c) increases
d) decreases
The lower atmosphere is most likely to have the steepest environmental lapse rate at this time:
a) midnight
.
b) mid-day.
c) sunset.
d) sunrise.
Which of the following causes unstable air to keep lifting?
a) ascent into a layer of stable air
b) inversions
c) entrainment
d) ascent into s layer of unstable air

Frontal lifting:
a) is most pronounced when a cold front meets a cold front.
b) can act in a way that is analogous to orographic lifting.
c) is not related to temperature differences between air masses.
d) leads to increased pressure on the warm front.
a) convective lifting.
b) convergence.
c) frontal lifting.
d) orographic lifting.
Stratocumulus clouds are considered:
a) clouds with extensive vertical development.
b) high clouds.
c) middle clouds.
d) low clouds.
Which of the following pairs of clouds are the primary precipitation-producing ones?
a) stratus and nimbostratus
b) Altostratus and nimbostratus
c) nimbostratus and cumulonimbus
d) Stratocumulus and cumulonimbus
Lecture 9 - Fog
_____________ forms at night when the temperature of the air layer at the ground level falls below the dew
point.
a) Steam fog
b) Smog forms
c) Advection fog
d) Radiation fog
a) explains the formation of snow better than it explains the formation of rain.
b) is most common at high latitudes.
c) is dependent upon the different downward velocities of different-sized droplets.
d) is most frequent in cold clouds.
The most important principle underlying the Bergeron process is this:

a) the bottom part of the cloud where the process is taking place must be warmer than 0 degrees
Celsius.
b) for a given temperature, the saturation vapor pressure of ice is less than that for supercooled water.
c) large drops fall faster than smaller drops.
d) aggregation takes place more rapidly than accretion.
Rainshowers:
a) are, by definition, periods of rain that last for at least one hour.
b) typically come from cumuliform clouds.
c) usually have their origin in orographic lifting.
d) have only one size of raindrop.
A typical meteorological _________ gauge is constructed from a narrow cylinder with a funnel at the top.
a) wind
b) rain
c) humidity
d) pressure
The ______________ zone is assigned the latitude belts 35 to 55 north and south.
a) subtropical
b) equatorial
c) subarctic
d) midlatitud
e
Moment in time when the North Pole is directed 23.5 away from the Sun.
a) December solstice.
b) Earth's aphelion.
c) March equinox.
d) June solstice.
The reason that the daily maximum temperature is after the maximum solar heating is because:
a) the Sun has more energy when shining from the west.
b) the atmosphere is "thinner" in the afternoon.
c) there is a thermal "lag" in the heating of the atmosphere.
d) None of the above. There is no relationship between the maximum amount of sunshine and
the time of maximum daily temperature.
Question 1/1
4 point
What region experiences the smallest annual temperature change?
a) subarctic
b) midlatitud
e
c) subtropical
d) equatorial
___________ is a common example of condensation.
a) Dew
b) Frost
c) Ice cube
shrinkage
d) Cloud dissipation
Water is unique because:
a) it can be forced through pipes at considerable

pressure.
b) it exists in all three states naturally at the same time.
c) its coefficient of expansion as it freezes is linear.
d) it vaporizes at a very low temperature.
As the temperature increases, generally, the relative humidity:
a) increases.
b) decreases.
c) is unaffected.
d) is erratic.
The amount of water vapor in an air parcel as a fraction of the maximum amount it can contain based on its
temperature is known as the ________________.
b) dew-point
c) saturated specific
humidity
d) air temperature

The reduced rate at which rising air is cooled by expansion when condensation is occurring is the ________.
a) moist adiabatic lapse rate
b) dry adiabatic lapse rate
c) warming adiabatic lapse

rate
d) environmental lapse rate
Inversions:
a) increase the positive buoyancy of most air masses that enter them.
b) have no significant effect on fog formation.
c) are characterized by an increase in temperature with altitude.
d) are typically unstable.
Which of the following inversions are more extensive and meteorologically important?
a) radiation inversion
b) frontal inversion
c) subsidence
inversions
Clouds:
a) result from the warming or rising air parcels.
b) are not affected by the dew point lapse rate.
c) continue to form new droplets at least 8000 meters above the lifting condensation level.
d) will eventually disappear through evaporation.
There are ________ ways to lift air in the atmosphere.
a) three
b) five
c) six
d) four
Middle clouds:
a) include cumulonimbus clouds.
b) can often be found within a kilometer of the ground.
c) are prefixed by "cirro."
d) are composed of liquid droplets.
a) Cumulus
b) Cirrus
c) Altocumulus
d) Lenticular
cloud
Lecture 9 - Fog
a) radiation fog.
b) advection fog.
c) upslope fog.
d) steam fog.
The ________ cloud process occurs in temperatures far below freezing.
a) orographic
b) supercoole
d
c) Bergeron
d) warm cloud
In the collision-coalescence process, the entire cloud is:
a) above freezing.
b) below freezing.
c) raining.
d) snowing.
Snowflakes:
a) rarely exceed a tenth of a millimeter in size.
b) form different crystal patterns in different parts of the country.
c) will grow very different types of crystals even at the exact same
conditions.
d) can be a combination of several different forms.
With reference to the Great Lakes, which of the following mechanisms are favorable for precipitation in that
area?
a) initial mechanism for uplift
b) unstable air
c) sufficient moisture
d) all of the above
On the June solstice the subsolar point is located at the ____________.

a) 26.5
N
b) 23.5
N
c) 23.5S
d) 0
Moment in time when the North Pole is directed 23.5 away from the Sun.
a) Earth's aphelion.
b) June solstice.
c) December solstice.
d) March equinox.
Looking at global temperature distributions, it is seen that:
a) the latitudinal temperature gradient is weakest in the hemisphere experiencing winter.
b) temperatures over land are colder than those over water at the same latitude in winter.
c) it is difficult to explain the behavior of isotherms over the continents.
d) temperatures increase poleward.
The amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of a given substance by one degree Celsius is
known as ____.
a) heat capacity
b) maritime climate
c) continental climate
d) temperature change
Which of the following measures of humidity is not temperature-dependent?
a) specific humidity
b) absolute
humidity
c) relative humidity
d) none of the
above
___________ occurs when a gas changes to a solid.
a) Sublimation
b) Deposition
c) Freezing
d) Melting
This is not one of the three processes for saturating air with water vapor:

b) lowering the temperature to the dew point.
c) mixing cold air with warm, moist air.
d) increasing the carbon dioxide content of air.
The relative humidity can increase or decrease even though the water vapor content doesn't change because:
a) water vapor is a locally conservative property of the atmosphere.
b) relative humidity is temperature dependent.
c) relative humidity is tied to the amount of dry air present in the sample considered.
d) relative humidity is directly dependent on cloud cover.
Cooling at 10C per 1000 m occurs with the __________.
a) dry adiabatic lapse rate
b) moist adiabatic lapse rate
c) warming adiabatic lapse rate
d) environmental lapse rate
The level of free convection:
a) is unrelated to temperature of either the air parcel or its surroundings.

b) is above the lifting condensation level.
c) occurs below the point where a rising air parcel is cooler than its surroundings.
d) is relevant only when discussing absolutely unstable air.
Absolutely stable air:
a) will have a positive buoyancy.
b) has a wet adiabatic lapse rate that is greater than the environmental lapse rate.
c) is typically warmer than its surroundings.
d) needs a push to rise, but will continue rising once it starts moving.
This is the most important process of cloud formation:
a) advection fog.
b) sublimation of glaciers.
c) the absorption of infrared radiation by water vapor.
d) atmospheric cooling.
This is the most common source of condensation nuclei in places like Hamilton and Toronto:
a) human activities.
b) dust.
c) aerosols from fires.

d) sea salt.
a) Lenticular
cloud
b) Cirrus
c) Altocumulus
d) Cumulus
Noctilucent clouds are:
a) the same as nacreous clouds, but they exist at a lower elevation.
b) most easily observed near the equator.

c) most easily observed in summer.
d) found in the mesosphere.
Lecture 9 - Fog
a) upslope fog.
b) radiation fog.
c) advection fog.
d) steam fog.
The smallest terminal velocities are for:
a) condensation
nuclei.
b) cloud droplets.
c) raindrops.
The process by which supercooled water droplets freeze onto falling ice crystals is called:
a) riming.
b) aggregation.
c) Bergeron bonding.
d) cold-cloud condensation.
___________ occurs when the ground is frozen and the lowest air layer is also below freezing.
a) Snow
b) Hail
c) Freezing rain
d) Rain
Globally, annual precipitation amounts are highest in the:
a) mid-latitudes.
b) tropical rain forests of South America and Africa.
c) east coast of Asia.
d) northern Europe.
According to the figure, daily average insolation at 40 N on the June solstice is:
a) 350 W/m2
b) 160 W/m2
c) 580 W/m2
d) 460 W/m2
Insolation over a course of a year _______ as you move from the equator towards either pole.
a) decreases
b) remains constant
c) remains constant for another month in July
d) increase
on 3 1 / 1 point
This city has the largest annual temperature range.
a) Manaus
b) Hamburg
c) Yakutsk
d) Aswan
Looking at global temperature distributions, it is seen that:
a) temperatures increase poleward.

it is difficult to explain the behavior of isotherms over the
b)
continents.
temperatures over land are colder than those over water at the
c)
same latitude in winter.
the latitudinal temperature gradient is weakest in the
d)
hemisphere experiencing winter.
on 5 1 / 1 point
________ is the general term for the amount of moisture in the air.
a) Specific humidity
b) Saturation
c) Humidity
d) Grams per kilogram
Saturation:
a) is a state of disequilibrium.
occurs even when there are still substantial
b) fluctuations in the concentration of water
vapor above the surface.
requires the presence of other gases besides
c)
water vapor.
occurs when the condensation rate equals the
d)
evaporation rate.
on 7 0 / 1 point
Saturation vapor pressure is dependent upon this variable:
a) air composition.
b) air pressure.
c) temperature.
d) time of day.
on 8 0 / 1 point
b) precipitation
c) dew point
d) absolute humidity
on 9 1 / 1 point
Once a parcel of air rises above the lifting condensation level, the rate of cooling slows because:
a) the parcel of air continues to cool at the dry adiabatic lapse rate.
b) the air surrounding the parcel is cooler.
c) latent heat is released when water vapor condenses.
water droplets absorb visible light much better than water vapor
d)
does.
on 10 0 / 1 point
Subsidence inversions:
a) often lead to increased pollution in Los Angeles.

b) are common on the windward slopes of large mountain ranges.
c) are less important than frontal inversions.
d) are common on the western margins of large high-pressure areas.
Which of the following inversions are more extensive and meteorologically important?
a) radiation inversion
b) frontal inversion
c) subsidence inversions
on 12 1 / 1 point
Condensation nuclei:
a) are relatively abundant in the atmosphere.

b) by definition do not dissolve in water.
c) typically originate as micrometeors from space.
d) do not include hygroscopic aerosols.
a) convergence.
b) convective lifting.
c) orographic lifting.
d) frontal lifting.
on 14 1 / 1 point
Altostratus clouds:
a) form a series of rows of puffy clouds.

b) allow enough light through to throw sharp shadows on the ground.
c) scatter a substantial portion of sunlight back into space.
d) form halos around the Sun and the Moon.
Stratus clouds:
a) can form sheets up to several hundred kilometers long.
b) form only from the adiabatic lifting of air.
c) have a high-water content.
d) are a most responsible for colorful sunsets.
Lecture 9 - Fog
on 16 1 / 1 point
_________________ forms when a warm, moist air layer moves over a cold surface.
a) Advection fog
b) Smog forms
c) Radiation fog
d) Steam fog
on 17 1 / 1 point
Collision-coalescence is the predominant cause of precipitation in this region:
a) mid-latitudes.
b) above the Arctic Circle.
c) the Tropics.
d) subpolar latitudes.
Of the following steps in the Bergeron process, which should be second?
a) net evaporation from supercooled water droplets

b) the falling of ice crystals through the cloud
c) deposition of water vapor on ice
d) formation of rain drops
on 19 1 / 1 point
During the formation of snow, the atmospheric temperature profile is:
a) almost entirely below freezing.

below freezing in the upper part of the
b)
atmosphere.
below freezing in the lower part of the
c)
atmosphere.
above freezing in the middle part of the
d)
atmosphere.
e) none of the above
on 20 0 / 1 point
In middle latitudes, rain:
a) is incapable of turning to sleet.

b) is formed by the collision-coalescence process.
c) is less common than in high latitudes.
d) usually begins as snow.
Regarding latitudinal variations in radiation gain and loss, it is true that:
a) the equator experiences a net radiation loss for six months out of the year.
b) during the Northern Hemisphere summer, the Southern Hemisphere gains more energy than it
loses.
c) during the Southern Hemisphere winter, the area of net radiation gain lies north of the equator.
d) global winds are the only significant method for redistributing heat toward the poles.
Question
1 / 1 point
2
Which direction does the earth rotate?
a) north to south
b) west to east
c) along the lines of latitude
d) east to west
Sweating cools people because:
a) it releases latent heat.
b) it involves a transfer of sensible heat.
c) colder molecules in a passing wind adhere to the wet skin.
d) it changes the heat capacity of the body.
The reason that the daily maximum temperature is after the maximum solar heating is because:
a) the Sun has more energy when shining from the west.
b) the atmosphere is "thinner" in the afternoon.
c) there is a thermal "lag" in the heating of the atmosphere.
d) None of the above. There is no relationship between the maximum amount of sunshine and the time
of maximum daily temperature.
___________ occurs when a liquid changes to a solid.
a) Melting
b) Condensatio
n
c) Evaporation
d) Freezing
An important principle concerning humidity states that the maximum quantity of water vapor an air parcel can
contain is dependent on the ____________.
a) saturation
b) specific humidity
c) air temperature
d) grams per kilogram
The condition in which the specific humidity is equal to the maximum amount of humidity that the air can
contain, at a determined temperature is known as the ___________.
a) saturation specific humidity
b) saturation humidity
c) specific humidity
d) dew point
a) absolute humidity
b) precipitation
c) relative humidity
d) dew point
Adiabatic processes:
a) often involve changes both in temperature and pressure.
b) are usually not reversible.
c) are relatively uncommon in the atmosphere.
d) occur with the addition or loss of energy.
Inversions:
a) are characterized by an increase in temperature with altitude.
b) are typically unstable.
c) have no significant effect on fog formation.
d) increase the positive buoyancy of most air masses that enter them.
Static stability:
a) is unaffected by the temperature of the air parcel.
b) is unaffected by the density of the air parcel.
c) is unrelated to adiabatic cooling.
d) is similar to buoyancy.
All of the following statements about convergent lifting are true, except:
a) it causes wind.
b) it leads to the rising of air.
c) it requires a difference in pressure between two areas with horizontal separation.
d) it typically proceeds diabatically.
This is the cause of most thunderstorms:
a) orographic lifting.
b) localized convective lifting.
c) frontal lifting.
d) convergent lifting.
High clouds:
a) are composed of ice crystals.
b) include altostratus clouds.
c) have a fairly large water content.
d) have a typical ceiling around 4500 meters.
a) stratus.
b) cirrus.
c) alto.
d) thunderheads.
Lecture 9 - Fog
_____________ forms often forms along the California coast.
a) Advection fog
b) Radiation fog
c) Smog forms
d) Steam fog
The collision efficiency:
a) is affected by the compression of air just below the collector drop.

b) is approximately one regardless of drop size.
c) is highest for droplets of equal or nearly equal size.
d) is governed primarily by the temperature of the air.
When the atmosphere contains more moisture than theoretically possible, the condition of ________ results.
a) heterogeneous nucleation
b) supersaturation
c) nuclei exclusion
d) curvature captivity
Snowflakes:
a) can be a combination of several different forms.
b) form different crystal patterns in different parts of the country.
c) rarely exceed a tenth of a millimeter in size.
d) will grow very different types of crystals even at the exact same conditions.
Average annual precipitation is highest:
a) in the coastal mountains of British Columbia.
b) along the Atlantic coast of the southern United States.

c) in the area immediately south of the Great Lakes.
d) in California's Sierra Nevada.
on 1 1 / 1 point
The point on the Earth's elliptical orbit when it is farthest from the Sun is known as ________.
a) perihelion
b) aphelion
c) revolution
d) hydrosphere
Daily insolation at a location depends on:
a) the circle of illuminations, and the length of time of

exposure to the rays.
b) the angle at which the Sun's rays strike the Earth

and the length of time of exposure to the rays.
c) earth's tilt and the amount of precipitation
d) the amount of precipitation, and the length of time

of exposure to the rays.
on 3 1 / 1 point
The five fundamental factors that determine air temperature are:
a) atmospheric and oceanic circulation, elevation, global dimming,

clouds, and surface type
b) atmospheric and oceanic circulation, elevation, global warming,

clouds, and aerosols
c) latitude, surface type, coastal vs. interior location, atmospheric and
oceanic circulation, and elevation
d) coastal vs. interior location, atmospheric and oceanic circulation,

elevation, global warming, and clouds
What region experiences the smallest annual temperature change?
a) equatorial
b) subtropical
c) subarctic
d) midlatitude
on 5 1 / 1 point
The process whereby molecules break free of the liquid volume in which they reside is known as:
a) the solute effect.

b) boiling.
c) evaporation.
d) freezing.
e) both B and C
An important principle concerning humidity states that the maximum quantity of water vapor an air parcel can contain is
dependent on the ____________.
a) air temperature
b) saturation
c) grams per kilogram
d) specific humidity
on 7 1 / 1 point
Using the graph, what is the dew point temperature if the current air temperature is 35C and the specific humidity is 15
g/kg?
a) 30C
b) 10C
c) 20C
d) 5C
on 8 1 / 1 point
Relative humidity:
a) gives the percentage of water molecules in the air.
b) requires knowledge of the saturation specific humidity.
c) is measured in grams per kilogram.
d) is a term rarely used by television weather forecasters.
on 9 0 / 1 point
In an unstable environment, the _____________ lapse rate is greater than the _________ lapse rate.
a) dry adiabatic; environmental
b) moist adiabatic; dry adiabatic
c) dry adiabatic; moist adiabatic
d) environmental; dry adiabatic
on 10 1 / 1 point
Entrainment:
a) warms cloud margins.
b) feeds cloud growth.
c) usually increases the positive buoyancy of unstable air.
d) brings unsaturated air into clouds.
Inversions are detrimental to developing storm systems because:
a) they seriously alter the horizontal moisture profile of

the atmosphere.
b) they cap convective development
c) they encourage instability.
d) they increase entrainment.
on 12 1 / 1 point
All of the following statements about convergent lifting are true, except:
a) it leads to the rising of air.
b) it typically proceeds diabatically.
c) it requires a difference in pressure between two areas with

horizontal separation.
d) it causes wind.
Orographic uplift is usually associated with rising air:
a) along the windward side of mountains.
b) over the great plains.

c) over oceans.
d) along the Gulf of Mexico coast.
on 14 1 / 1 point
Cumuliform clouds:
a) are typically much wider than they are tall.
b) can have very strong vertical velocities within them.
c) typically have higher water content than stratiform clouds.
d) form in absolutely stable air conditions.
a) alto.
b) thunderheads.
c) cirrus.
d) stratus.
Lecture 9 - Fog
on 16 1 / 1 point
Radiation fog:
a) disappears through "lifting."
b) occurs most often on cloudless nights.
c) does not form if there is any wind.
d) is the type of fog that envelops San Francisco in

the summer.
on 17 1 / 1 point
The collision efficiency:
a) is highest for droplets of equal or nearly equal size.
b) is approximately one regardless of drop size.
c) is governed primarily by the temperature of the air.
d) is affected by the compression of air just below the collector drop.
a) supercooled
b) warm cloud
c) orographic
d) Bergeron
on 19 0 / 1 point
Freezing rain:
a) requires a layer of cold air near the surface.
b) leaves the bottom of clouds as supercooled

droplets.
c) is not associated with temperature inversions.
d) is commonly associated with thunderstorms.
on 20 1 / 1 point
On a global scale, where is mean annual rainfall the greatest?
a) polar
b) mid-latitude
c) equatorial
d) subtropical

n 1 1 / 1 point
Which direction does the earth rotate?
a) north to south
b) west to east
c) along the lines of latitude
d) east to west
The ______________ zone is assigned the latitude belts 35 to 55 north and south.
a) subtropical
b) equatorial
c) subarctic
d) midlatitude
n 3 1 / 1 point
The _________ is used to determine how cold temperatures feel to us, based on not only the actual temperature but also
the wind speed.
a) wind chill index

b) heat index
c) real feel index
d) humidity index
___________ is the difference between the incoming shortwave radiation and outgoing longwave radiation. At noon it has
quite large positive values.
a) Net radiation
b) Heat effect
c) Longwave radiation
d) Incoming shortwave
n 5 1 / 1 point
___________ occurs when a gas changes to a solid.
a) Sublimation
b) Deposition
c) Freezing
d) Melting
Saturation:
occurs even when there are still substantial fluctuations in the concentration
a)
of water vapor above the surface.
b) occurs when the condensation rate equals the evaporation rate.
c) is a state of disequilibrium.
d) requires the presence of other gases besides water vapor.
n 7 1 / 1 point
This is not one of the three processes for saturating air with water vapor:
a) lowering the temperature to the dew point.

b) mixing cold air with warm, moist air.
c) adding water vapor to the air
d) increasing the carbon dioxide content of air.
n 8 1 / 1 point
Relative humidity is:
a) temperature dependent.
a measure of the content of water vapor compared to the capacity of an air
b)
sample.
c) usually higher at night than during the day.
d) may be substantially different from the humidity in a house.
e) all of the above
n 9 0 / 1 point
The ___________ refers to a heating or cooling process that occurs solely as a result of pressure change, not by heat
flowing into or away from a volume of air.
a) latent heat release

b) lifting condensation level
c) adiabatic process
d) latent heat absorption
n 10 1 / 1 point
The lower atmosphere is most likely to have the steepest environmental lapse rate at this time:
a) midnight.
b) mid-day.
c) sunset.
d) sunrise.
Inversions:
a) have no significant effect on fog formation.

b) are typically unstable.
c) increase the positive buoyancy of most air masses that enter them.
d) are characterized by an increase in temperature with altitude.
n 12 1 / 1 point
A tiny bit of solid matter (aerosol) in the atmosphere on which water vapor condenses to form a tiny water droplet is
known as __________________.
a) fog
b) environmental lapse rate
c) cloud condensation nuclei
d) clouds
Water in clouds can remain in the liquid state at temperatures far below freezing. This is known as _________.
a) cloud condensation nuclei

b) fog
c) supercooled water
d) clouds
n 14 1 / 1 point
Lenticular clouds:
a) are the result of waves in the air flow.

b) usually form over gently sloping plains.
result in a substantial net accumulation of moisture within the
c)
clouds.
d) have linear shapes.
a) Cirrus
b) Lenticular cloud
c) Altocumulus
d) Cumulus
Lecture 9 - Fog
n 16 1 / 1 point
Radiation fog:
a) is the type of fog that envelops San Francisco in the summer.

b) disappears through "lifting."
c) does not form if there is any wind.
d) occurs most often on cloudless nights.
n 17 1 / 1 point
During coalescence, the percentage of colliding droplets that join together is called the:
a) droplet collection coefficient.

b) coalescence efficiency.
c) rain potential efficiency.
d) coalescence condensation collection factor.
e) none of the above
a) explains the formation of snow better than it explains the formation of rain.
b) is most frequent in cold clouds.
c) is most common at high latitudes.
is dependent upon the different downward velocities of different-sized
d)
droplets.
n 19 1 / 1 point
___________ occurs when the ground is frozen and the lowest air layer is also below freezing.
a) Snow
b) Rain
c) Freezing rain
d) Hail
n 20 0 / 1 point
On a global scale, where is mean annual precipitation the least?
a) polar
b) equatorial
c) subtropical
d) mid-latitude

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n 1 1 / 1 point

a) remains constant for another month in July

a) along the lines of longitude

This city has the largest annual temperature range.

The warmest temperatures are typically found:

___________ is a common example of sublimation.

a) Ice cube shrinkage

Absolute humidity is:

a) density of water vapor.

Steam fog would be most likely to occur in:

a) late fall and early winter.

What is probably the most effective index of water vapor content?

a) warming adiabatic lapse rate

a) is unaffected by the density of the air parcel.

a) encountering a layer of stable air.

The most common mechanism of cloud formation is:

What type of cloud is seen in this figure?

Terminal velocity is achieved when:

a) Nolan Ryan's fastball impacts the catcher's mitt.

a) does not contain air bubbles.

Once a parcel of air rises above the lifting

In an un stable environment, the

Conditionally unstable air:

The dew point:

Air that contains as much water as it can hold:

Occurs when a solid changes to a liquid.

For which hydrological parameter does S provide

Which type of water eventually becomes

Most of Earths water is located in the

Ultimately, the buoyancy of a rising air parcel is

The lower atmosphere is most likely to have the

As the temperature increases

occurs when a liquid

Occurs when a gas changes to a

The relative humidity can increase or

At which of these locations

The is known as pathways if active movement of water

What does S account for in the water balance equation?

When air is forced to descend

Air that must be lifted before

When the relative humidity is

Saturation vapor pressure is

This is the maximum amount

Occurs when latent heat is

The residence time of water

Which type of soil water

Which type of soil water returns to

Liquid water at the ground

Absolutely stable air

Air that must be lifted before

Saturation vapor pressure is

Occurs when a gas

Occurs when a liquid

Which of the following measures

The dew point

Which of the following is water loss

What doe S account for

Which type of soil water cannot

6 - Rotation, Solstices, Path

On the December solstice the subsolar point is located at the ____________.

In the Southern Hemisphere, south-facing slopes:

a) receive more solar radiation than do north-facing slopes.

a) is not useful for discussing air that is saturated with water.