PROBLEM 7.2
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses
exerted on the oblique face of the shaded triangular element shown. Use a
method of analysis based on the equilibrium of that element, as was done in the
derivations of Sec. 7.2.
SOLUTION
F = 0:
F = 0:
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PROBLEM 7.5
For the given state of stress, determine (a) the principal planes, (b) the principal
stresses.
SOLUTION
2 xy (2) (35)
(a) tan 2 p = = = 3.50
x y 60 + 40
2
x +y x y 2
(b) max, min = + xy
2 2
2
60 40 60 + 40 2
= + (35)
2 2
= 50 36.4 MPa
max = 13.60 MPa
min = 86.4 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.12
For the given state of stress, determine (a) the orientation of the planes of maximum
in-plane shearing stress, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing stress, (c) the
corresponding normal stress.
SOLUTION
x y 8 12
(a) tan 2 s = = = + 2.0
2 xy 2(5)
x + y
(c) = ave =
2
8 + 12
= = 2.00 ksi
2
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PROBLEM 7.16
For the given state of stress, determine the normal and shearing stresses after the element
shown has been rotated through (a) 25 clockwise, (b) 10 counterclockwise.
SOLUTION
x = 0 y = 80 MPa xy = 50 MPa
x +y x y
= 40 MPa = 40 MPa
2 2
x +y x y
x = + cos 2 + xy sin 2
2 2
x y
xy = sin 2 + xy cos 2
2
x +y x y
y = cos 2 xy sin 2
2 2
(a) = 25 2 = 50
x = 40 + 40 cos ( 50) 50 sin (50) x = 24.0 MPa
xy = 40 sin ( 50) 50 cos ( 50) xy = 1.5 MPa
(b) = 10 2 = 20
x = 40 + 40 cos (20) 50 sin (20) x = 19.5 MPa
xy = 40 sin (20) 50 cos (20) xy = 60.7 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.20
SOLUTION
P
x = 0, xy = 0, y =
A
P 2
= x cos 2 + y sin 2 + 2 xy sin cos = 0 + sin 65 + 0
A
A (50 103 )(80 103 )(800 103 )
P= = = 3.90 103 N
sin 2 65 sin 2 65
P
= ( x y ) sin cos + xy (cos2 sin 2 ) = sin 65 cos 65 + 0
A
A (50 103 )(80 103 )(600 103 )
P= = = 6.27 103 N
sin 65 cos 65 sin 65 cos 65
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PROBLEM 7.26
SOLUTION
1 1
c= d = (32) = 16 mm = 16 103 m
2 2
Tc 2T 2(350 N m)
Torsion: = = 3
= 3 3
= 54.399 106 Pa = 54.399 MPa
J c (16 10 m)
Bending: I = c4 = (16 103 )4 = 51.472 109 m 4
4 4
M = (0.15 m)(3 103 N) = 450 N m
My (450)(16 103 )
= = = 139.882 106 Pa = 139.882 MPa
I 51.472 109
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PROBLEM 7.26 (Continued)
2 xy (2)(54.399)
tan 2 p = = = 0.77778 2 p = 37.88
x y 139.882
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PROBLEM 7.32
PROBLEM 7.5 through 7.8 For the given state of stress, determine (a) the
principal planes, (b) the principal stresses.
PROBLEM 7.9 through 7.12 For the given state of stress, determine (a) the
orientation of the planes of maximum in-plane shearing stress, (b) the maximum in-
plane shearing stress, (c) the corresponding normal stress.
SOLUTION
x = 4 ksi,
y = 12 ksi,
xy = 15 ksi
x +y
ave = = 4 ksi
2
Plotted points for Mohrs circle:
X : ( x , xy ) = (4 ksi, 15 ksi)
Y : ( y , xy ) = (12 ksi, 15 ksi)
C : ( ave , 0) = ( 4 ksi, 0)
FX 15
(a) tan = = = 1.875
CF 8
= 61.93
1
a = = 30.96 a = 31.0
2
= 180 = 118.07
1
b = = 59.04 b = 59.0
2
R = (CF ) 2 + ( FX ) 2 = (8)2 + (15) 2 = 17 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.41
SOLUTION
1
d 2 = 12 in. c2 = d 2 = 6 in., t = 0.25 in.
2
c1 = c2 t = 5.75 in.
( )
A = c22 c12 = (62 5.752 ) = 9.2284 in 2
J = (c 4
2 c ) = (6
4
1
4
5.754 ) = 318.67 in 4
2 2
Stresses:
P 40
= = = 4.3344 ksi
A 9.2284
Tc (80)(6)
= 2 = = 1.5063 ksi
J 318.67
x = 0, y = 4.3344 ksi, xy = 1.5063 ksi
Draw the Mohrs circle.
X : (0, 1.5063 ksi)
Y : ( 4.3344 ksi, 1.5063 ksi)
C : (2.1672 ksi, 0)
1.5063
tan = = 0.69504 = 34.8
2.1672
= (2)(22.5) = 10.8
R = (2.1672) 2 + (1.5063) 2 = 2.6393 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.44
SOLUTION
P 100 103
x = = = 125 106 Pa = 125 MPa
A (10 103 )(80 103 )
y = 0 xy = 0
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PROBLEM 7.45
SOLUTION
Equivalent force-couple system at center of shaft in section at point H:
V = 400 lb M = (400)(6) = 2400 lb in
T = (400)(2) = 800 lb in
1
Shaft cross section d = 1 in. c= d = 0.5 in.
2
1
J = c 4 = 0.098175 in 4 I = J = 0.049087 in 4
2 2
Tc (800)(0.5)
Torsion: = = = 4.074 103 psi = 4.074 ksi
J 0.098175
Mc (2400)(0.5)
Bending: = = = 24.446 103 psi = 24.446 ksi
I 0.049087
Transverse shear: Stress at point H is zero.
Resultant stresses: x = 24.446 ksi, y = 0, xy = 4.074 ksi
1
ave = ( x + y ) = 12.223 ksi
2
2
x y 2
R= + xy
2
= (12.223) 2 + (4.074) 2 = 12.884 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.47
SOLUTION
do 102
ro = = = 51 mm ri = ro t = 45 mm
2 2
J =
2
(ro
4
)
ri4 = 4.1855 106 mm 4 = 4.1855 106 m 4
1
I = J = 2.0927 106 m 4
2
Force-couple system at center of tube in the plane containing points H and K:
Fx = 10 103 N
M y = (10 103 )(200 103 ) = 2000 N m
M z = (10 103 )(150 103 ) = 1500 N m
Torsion: T = M y = 2000 N m
c = ro = 51 103 m
Tc (2000)(51 103 )
xy = = = 24.37 MPa
J 4.1855 106
Note that the local x-axis is taken along a negative global z-direction.
Transverse shear: Stress due to V = Fx is zero at point K.
Mz c (1500)(51 103 )
Bending: y = = = 36.56 MPa
I 2.0927 106
Point K lies on compression side of neutral axis. y = 36.56 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.47 (Continued)
1
ave = ( x + y ) = 18.28 MPa
2
2
x y 2
R= + xy = 30.46 MPa
2
max = ave + R = 18.28 + 30.46
max = 12.18 MPa
min = ave R = 18.28 30.46
min = 48.74 MPa
max = R max = 30.46 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.61
For the element shown, determine the range of values of xy for which the
maximum tensile stress is equal to or less than 60 MPa.
SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 7.66
For the state of plane stress shown, determine the maximum shearing
stress when (a) x = 6 ksi and y = 18 ksi , (b) x = 14 ksi and
y = 2 ksi . (Hint: Consider both in-plane and out-of-plane shearing
stresses.)
SOLUTION
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PROBLEM 7.72
For the state of stress shown, determine the maximum shearing stress
when (a) z = 0, (b) z = +45 MPa, (c) z = 45 MPa.
SOLUTION
1
ave = ( x + y ) = 60 MPa
2
2
x y 2
R= + xy
2
= 402 + 752 = 85 MPa
a = ave + R = 145 MPa
b = ave R = 25 MPa
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PROBLEM 7.83
The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component made of a steel with
Y = 45 ksi. Using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion, determine whether
yield will occur when (a) xy = 9 ksi, (b) xy = 18 ksi, (c) xy = 20 ksi. If yield
does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
x = 36 ksi, y = 21 ksi, z = 0
1
For stresses in xy-plane, ave = ( x + y ) = 28.5 ksi
2
x y
= 7.5 ksi
2
2
x y 2
(a) xy = 9 ksi R= + xy = (7.5) 2 + (9)2 = 11.715 ksi
2
a = ave + R = 40.215 ksi, b = ave R = 16.875 ksi
45
F .S . = F .S . = 1.287
39.977
2
x y 2
(b) xy = 18 ksi R = + xy = (7.5) 2 + (18)2 = 19.5 ksi
2
a = ave + R = 48 ksi, b = ave R = 9 ksi
45
F .S . = F .S . = 1.018
44.193
2
x y 2
(c) xy = 20 ksi R= + xy = (7.5)2 + (20) 2 = 21.36 ksi
2
a = ave + R = 49.86 ksi, b = ave R = 7.14 ksi
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PROBLEM 7.84
PROBLEM 7.83 The state of plane stress shown occurs in a machine component
made of a steel with Y = 45 ksi. Using the maximum-distortion-energy criterion,
determine whether yield will occur when (a) xy = 9 ksi, (b) xy = 18 ksi, (c)
xy = 20 ksi. If yield does not occur, determine the corresponding factor of safety.
SOLUTION
x = 36 ksi, y = 21 ksi, z = 0
1 x y
For stress in xy-plane, ave = ( x + y ) = 28.5 ksi = 7.5 ksi
2 2
2
x y 2
(a) xy = 9 ksi R= + xy = 11.715 ksi
2
a = ave + R = 40.215 ksi, b = ave R = 16.875 ksi
max = 34.977 ksi, min = 0
45
F .S . = F .S . = 1.119
40.215
2
x y 2
(b) xy = 18 ksi R = + xy = 19.5 ksi
2
a = ave + R = 48 ksi, b = ave R = 9 ksi
max = 48 ksi min = 0
2 max = max min = 48 ksi > 45 ksi (Yielding occurs)
2
x y 2
(c) xy = 20 ksi R = + xy = 21.36 ksi
2
a = ave + R = 49.86 ksi b = ave R = 7.14 ksi
max = 49.86 ksi min = 0
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PROBLEM 7.85
The 36-mm-diameter shaft is made of a grade of steel with a 250-MPa tensile yield
stress. Using the maximum-shearing-stress criterion, determine the magnitude of the
torque T for which yield occurs when P = 200 kN.
SOLUTION
1
P = 200 kN = 200 103 N c= d = 18 mm = 18 103 m
2
A = c 2 = (18 103 ) 2 = 1.01788 103 m 2
P 200 103
y = = = 196.488 106 Pa
A 1.01788 103
= 196.488 MPa
1 1
x = 0 ave = ( x + y ) = y = 98.244 MPa
2 2
2
x y 2
R= + xy = (98.244)2 + xy
2
2
a = ave + R (positive)
b = ave R (negative)
a b = 2R a b > a a b > b
Maximum shear stress criterion under the above conditions:
a b = 2R = Y = 250 MPa R = 125 MPa
125 = (98.244)2 + xy
2
Torsion: J = c4 = (18 103 ) 4 = 164.896 109 m 4
2 2
Tc
xy =
J
J xy (164.846 109 )(77.286 106 )
T = =
c 18 103
= 708 N m T = 708 N m
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PROBLEM 7.86
SOLUTION
1
P = 200 kN = 200 103 N d = 18 mm = 18 103 m
c=
2
A = c 2 = (18 103 ) 2 = 1.01788 103 m 2
P 200 103
y = = 3
= 196.488 106 Pa
A 1.01788 10
= 196.448 MPa
1 1
x = 0 ave = ( x + y ) = y = 98.244 MPa
2 2
2
x y 2 2 2
R= + xy = (98.244) + xy
2
a = ave + R b = ave R
Distortion energy criterion:
a2 + b2 a b = Y2
( ave + R )2 + ( ave R )2 ( ave + R )( ave R ) = Y2
2
ave + 3R 2 = Y2
(98.244) 2 + (3)[(98.244)2 + xy
2
] = (250) 2
xy = 89.242 MPa
Torsion: J= c4 = (18 103 ) 4 = 164.846 109 m 4
2 2
Tc
xy =
J
J xy (164.846 109 )(89.242 106 )
T= =
c 18 103
= 818 N m T = 818 N m
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PROBLEM 7.98
A spherical gas container made of steel has a 5-m outer diameter and a wall thickness of 6 mm. Knowing that
the internal pressure is 350 kPa, determine the maximum normal stress and the maximum shearing stress in
the container.
SOLUTION
d
d = 5 m t = 6 mm = 0.006 m, r = t = 2.494 m
2
pr (350 103 Pa)(2.494 m)
= = = 72.742 106 Pa
2t 2(0.006 m)
= 72.7 MPa
max = 72.742 MPa
min 0 (Neglecting small radialstress)
1
max = ( max min ) max = 36.4 MPa
2
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PROBLEM 7.104
SOLUTION
1 1
r= d t = (750) 12 = 363 mm = 363 103 m
2 2
t = 12 mm = 12 103 m
p = gh = (1000 kg/m3 )(9.81 m/s 2 )(300 m)
= 2.943 106 Pa
pr (2.943 106 )(363 103 )
1 = = = 89.0 106 Pa
t 12 103
max = 1 max = 89.0 MPa
min = p 0
1
max = ( max min ) max = 44.5 MPa
2
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PROBLEM 7.114
For the tank of Prob. 7.112, determine the range of values of that can be
used if the shearing stress parallel to the weld is not to exceed 12 MPa
when the gage pressure is 600 kPa.
PROBLEM 7.112 The pressure tank shown has a 8-mm wall thickness
and butt-welded seams forming an angle = 20 with a transverse plane.
For a gage pressure of 600 kPa, determine (a) the normal stress
perpendicular to the weld, (b) the shearing stress parallel to the weld.
SOLUTION
1
d = 1.6 m t = 8 103 mm r = d t = 0.792 m
2
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PROBLEM 7.116
The pressurized tank shown was fabricated by welding strips of plate along a
helix forming an angle with a transverse plane. Determine the largest
value of that can be used if the normal stress perpendicular to the weld is
not to be larger than 85 percent of the maximum stress in the tank.
SOLUTION
pr pr
1 = 2 =
t 2t
1 3 pr
ave = (1 + 2 ) =
2 4 t
1 2 1 pr
R= =
2 4 t
w = ave R cos 2
pr 3 1 pr
0.85 = cos 2
t 4 4 t
3
cos 2 = 4 0.85 = 0.4
4
2 = 113.6 = 56.8
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PROBLEM 7.124
SOLUTION
1 1
r= d = (10) = 5 in. t = 0.25 in.
2 2
pr (300) (5)
1 = = = 6000 psi = 6 ksi
t 0.25
pr (300)(5)
2 = = = 3000 psi = 3 ksi
2t (2)(0.25)
r0 = r + t = 5 + 0.25 = 5.25 in.
( )
A = r02 r 2 = (5.252 5.002 ) = 8.0503 in 2
P 10 103
= = = 1242 psi = 1.242 ksi
A 8.0803
Total stresses. Longitudinal: x = 3 1.242 = 1.758 ksi
Circumferential: y = 6 ksi
Shear: xy = 0
1
ave = ( x + y ) = 3.879 ksi
2
2
x y 2
R= + xy
2
2
(1.758 6)
= + 0 = 2.121 ksi
2
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PROBLEM 7.128
For the given state of plane strain, use the method of Sec. 7.10 to
determine the state of plane strain associated with axes x and y
rotated through the given angle .
x = 500 , y = +250 , xy = 0, = 15
SOLUTION
= +15
x + y x y xy
= 125 = 375 =0
2 2 2
x + y x y xy
x = + cos 2 + sin 2
2 2 2
= 125 + (375 ) cos 30 + 0 x = 450
x + y x y xy
y = cos 2 sin 2
2 2 2
= 125 (375 ) cos 30 0 y = 200
xy = ( x y ) sin 2 + xy cos 2
= (500 250 ) sin 30 + 0 xy = 375
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PROBLEM 7.136
The following state of strain has been measured on the surface of a thin plate. Knowing that the surface of the
plate is unstressed, determine (a) the direction and magnitude of the principal strains, (b) the maximum in-
plane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain. (Use v = 13 . )
x = 260 , y = 60 , xy = +480
SOLUTION
For Mohrs circle of strain, plot points:
X : (260 , 240 )
Y : (60 , 240 )
C : (160 , 0)
xy 480
tan 2 p = = = 2.4
x y 260 + 60
2 p = 67.38 b = 33.67
a = 56.31
R = (100 )2 + (240 )2
R = 260
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PROBLEM 7.140
For the given state of plane strain, use Mohrs circle to determine (a) the orientation and magnitude of the
principal strains, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing strain, (c) the maximum shearing strain.
x = +60 , y = +240 , xy = 50
SOLUTION
Plotted points:
X : (60 , 25 )
Y : (240 , 25 )
C : (150 , 0)
xy 50
tan 2 p = = = 0.277778
x y 60 240
2 p = 15.52 a = 97.76
b = 7.76
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PROBLEM 7.147
The strains determined by the use of the rosette attached as shown during the test of a
machine element are
Determine (a) the orientation and magnitude of the principal strains in the plane of the
rosette, (b) the maximum in-plane shearing strain.
SOLUTION
1 1 xy
Use x = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 2 + sin 2
2 2 2
where = 75 for gage 1,
=0 for gage 2,
and = +75 for gage 3.
1 1 xy
1 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos (150) + sin (150) (1)
2 2 2
1 1 xy
2 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos 0 + sin 0 (2)
2 2 2
1 1 xy
3 = ( x + y ) + ( x y ) cos (150) + sin (150) (3)
2 2 2
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PROBLEM 7.147 (Continued)
xy 606.2 106
tan 2 p = = = 1.732 (a) a = 30.0, b = 120.0
x y 385 106 35.0 106
1 1
ave = ( x + y ) = (385 106 + 35.0 106 )
2 2
6
= 210 10 in/in
2 2
x y xy
R= +
2 2
2
385 106 35.0 106 606.2 2 6
= + = 350.0 10
2 2
a = ave + R = 210 106 + 350.0 106 a = 560 106 in/in
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
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PROBLEM 7.150
SOLUTION
For torsion, x = y = 0, = 0
1
x = ( x v y ) = 0
E
1
y = ( y v x ) = 0
E
0 1
xy = xy = 0
G 2 2G
Draw the Mohrs circle for strain.
0
R=
2G
0
x = R sin 2 = sin 2
2G
Tc 2T 2G x
But 0 = = 3 =
J c sin 2
c3G x
T=
sin 2
(2)3 (11.5 106 )(300 106 )
=
sin 50
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reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
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PROBLEM 7.157
Solve Prob. 7.156, assuming that the rosette at point A indicates the
following strains:
1 = 30 106 in./in.
2 = +250 106 in./in.
3 = +100 106 in./in.
PROBLEM 7.156 A centric axial force P and a horizontal force Qx are both
applied at point C of the rectangular bar shown. A 45 strain rosette on the
surface of the bar at point A indicates the following strains:
1 = 60 106 in./in.
2 = +240 106 in./in.
3 = +200 106 in./in.
SOLUTION
x = 1 = 30 106
y = 3 = +100 106
xy = 2 2 1 3 = 430 106
E 29
x = 2
( x + v y ) = [ 30 + (0.3)(100)]
1 v 1 (0.3) 2
=0
E 29
y = 2
( y + v x ) = [100 + (0.3)(30)]
1 v 1 (0.3) 2
= 2.9 103 psi
P
=y P = A y = (2)(6)(2.9 103 )
A
= 34.8 103 lb P = 34.8 kips
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reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
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PROBLEM 7.157 (Continued)
E 29 106
G= = = 11.1538 106 psi
2(1 + v) (2)(1.30)
xy = G xy = (11.1538)(430) = 4.7962 103 psi
1 3 1
I= bh = (2)(6)3 = 36 in 4
12 12
Q = A y = (2)(3)(1.5) = 9 in 3
t = 2 in.
VQ
xy =
It
It xy (36)(2)(4.7962 103 )
V= = = 38.37 103 lb
Q 9
Q =V Q = 38.4 kips
PROPRIETARY MATERIAL. 2012 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of this Manual may be displayed,
reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, or used beyond the limited
distribution to teachers and educators permitted by McGraw-Hill for their individual course preparation. A student using this manual is using it
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