Speed = distance / time (m s-1)

s=

Velocity = displacement / time (m s-1)

v=

Acceleration = (final velocity initial

velocity) / time (unit m s-2)

a=

Formula Remarks
v = u + at No s
+ No a
= ( )

No v
= +

= No t
Momentum = mass x velocity p = mv Elastic collision 1 1 + 2 2 = 1 1 + 2 2
(unit kg m s-1)
Inelastic collision 1 1 +2 2 = (1 + 2 ) Explosion 1 1 = (2 2 )
Force = mass x acceleration (N) F = ma Friction Force F =

Impulse (N s) Ft = mv mu Impulsive Force (N) F=

Weight (N) W = mg

Forces in equilibrium Potential and kinetic Energy

F = 1 + 2 SAME DIRECTION PE = mgh (unit J)

F = 1 + (2 ) DIFFERENT DIRECTION 1
KE = 2 (Unit J)
2
R = ma + mg (lift moving upwards)

R = mg ma (lift moving downwards)

R = W (at rest or constant velocity)

Efficiency Pressures Law P T

Eff. = 100% 1 2
=
1 2
Elasticity F = kx Reflection Angle of incident, i
1 = angle of reflection, r
Elastic PE =
2
Pressure (Unit Pa) Object distance in plane mirror =
P=

P = hg
P = +
Pascals Principle 1 = 2 Refraction of light sin
1 2 n=
= sin

1 2 n=

Archimedes Principle Bouyant force, Apparent Depth (D is real depth,
n=
= d is apparent depth)
Determine temp. scales 0 Critical Angle and Total Internal 1
= 100 n=
100 0 Reflection sin
Specific Heat Capacity (Unit Q = mc Power of lens 1
P=
for c is J kg-1 oC-1, for Q is J) E = Pt
Pt = mc
Specific Latent Heat (Unit Q = mL Magnification (v is image
m=
for L is J kg-1, for Q is J) distance, u is object distance)

m=

Boyles Law 1 Lens Formula 1 1 1
P + =

1 1 = 2 2
Charles Law V T
1 2
=
1 2