I. INTRODUCTION
In general, three types of stresses are developed in pres- In the open ended condition, it is expected that there
sure vessels - circumferential/hoop stress, radial stress will be only a hoop stress but a longitudinal stress ap-
and longitudinal stress as seen in image 1. pears due to Poisson effect and is compressive in nature.
In a thin walled cylinder, the stresses are assumed to
be constant over the wall and the radial stresses are ne- Hoop Strain
glected in the analysis because the variation of the radial h
stress is from a high pressure value inside the cylinder to h = (3)
E
a minimum over a very small thickness.
For a thin cylinder, Longitudinal Strain
Hoop Stress h
l = (4)
pr E
h = (1)
t
where is the Poissons ratio and E is the Youngs
Longitudinal Stress Modulus of Elasticity
pr
l = (2)
2t Close Ended
where r is radius of the cylinder (for thin cylinder, in-
ner radiusouter radius), p is inner pressure and t is In the close ended condition, the longitudinal stress is
thickness of the cylinder. borne by the walls of the cylinder. There is also an impact
2
Hoop Strain
h l
h = (5)
E
Longitudinal Strain
l h
l = (6)
E
Close Ended
Open Ended
FIG. 5. Hoop Stress vs Hoop Strain for Open Cylinder. Slope FIG. 7. Experimental (big) and Theoretical (small) Mohrs
is Youngs Modulus of Elasticity Circle for strain for Open Cylinder.
Figure 7 shows the Mohr Circle for Strain for the open
cylinder. It is observed that the values predicted by the
experimental Mohr Circle match closely to that obtained
from the experiment. As has been observed, the Mohrs
Circle predicts a near zero value of stress for the 30deg
strain gauge. The theoretical Mohr circle predicts lesser
values for both normal strain and shear strain respec-
tively.
Figure 11 shows the Mohrs strain circle for the Close FIG. 13. Open Cylinder : Variation of Longitudinal Stress in
Ended Cylinder. the cylinder wall.
FIG. 11. Mohrs Circle for strain for Closed Ended Cylinder.
VI. REFERENCES