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ASSERIA, 7, 2009., 1180 Sineva KUKO, Nadin liburnski kult mrtvih...
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Sveuilite u Zadru 291.213.5 (398)
Odjel za arheologiju Izvorni znanstveni lanak
Obala kralja Petra Kreimira IV., 2 Original scientific paper
HR23000 Zadar
skukoc@unizd.hr Primljeno:
15. sijenja 2010.
Received:
NADIN LIBURNSKI KULT MRTVIH

ISTRAIVANJA 2004.2006., 2009. god.
NADIN LIBURNIAN CULT OF THE DEAD,

RESEARCH CAMPAIGNS 20042006, 2009
Apstrakt Abstract
Autor iznosi nove rezultate istraivanja The author presents the latest results of
liburnskog Nadina (Nedinum) u kontekstu the excavations of Liburnian Nadin (Nedinum)
dosadanjih saznanja o nadinskom in the context of current knowledge about the
arheolokom kompleksu s kontinuitetom ivota Nadin archaeological complex with continuity
od ranoga bronanog doba do 17. st. Cjelovito of life from the Early Bronze Age to the 17th
su istraeni humak 13 te grobni prostor (14 x century. Burial mound 13 was completely
6,8 m), nazvan cela I, u sastavu nekropole na explored as well as the grave area (measuring
ravnome podno Gradine (Nedinum). 14 x 6,8 m) designated as cella I within a flat
Humak 13, u upotrebi od 9. do 6. st. pr. necropolis at the foot of Gradina (Nedinum).
Kr., s 19 kruno (koncentrino) rasporeenih Burial mound 13, dated from the 9th to
grobova, s 37 identificiranih individua (od toga 6th centuries BC, has 19 circularly
16,2% djece), bitno upotpunjuje poznavanje (concentrically) distributed graves with 37
liburnskih humaka: njihovu planimetriju, identified individuals (16,2% of which were
stanovite konstrukcijske, obredne i drutvene children). This burial mound contributes
aspekte. significantly to the study of Liburnian burial
Nakon otkria spaljivanja mrtvih iz mounds: their planimetry, certain
bronanog doba (Podvrje Matakov brig, constructional, ritual and social aspects.
Nadin, Ervenik, Duevia glavica Krneza) u Following the discovery of cremation of the
sjevernoj Dalmaciji, u humku 13 iz Nadina, s dead from the Bronze Age (Podvrje Matakov
11
Sineva KUKO, Nadin liburnski kult mrtvih... ASSERIA, 7, 2009., 1180
najveim brojem pokojnika kod Liburna, brig, Nadin, Ervenik, Duevia glavica
otkriveni su uz gr. 4 iz Dragiia, prvi spaljeni Krneza) in northern Dalmatia, burial mound 13
liburnski pokopi u sjevernoj Dalmaciji. from Nadin, with the greatest number of buried
Cela I, ogledni uzorak velike nadinske individuals in Liburnian society, yielded first
nekropole na ravnome, sklop je sastavljen od Liburnian cremation burials in northern
grobova i arhitekture; prvi je takav istraen Dalmatia, along with grave 4 from Dragii.
oblik u liburnskoj kulturi. Dokumentirane su Cella I which is a typical sample of
dvije osnovne faze izradnje cele: liburnska, iz great Nedinum flat necropolis, is a complex
eljeznog doba, i liburnskorimska iz vremena consisting of graves and architecture; it is the
romanizacije. Drugoj fazi pripadaju ogradni first of the kind to be investigated in the
zidovi cele, etvrtasti postament Liburnian culture. Two basic building phases of
monumentalnog spomenika (?) ili edikule (?), the cella were identified: the Liburnian phase,
spaljeni pokopi, te brojni pokretni spomenici. from the Iron Age, and the LiburnianRoman
Cela je u rimsko doba bila sastavni dio phase from the Romanization period. Enclosing
pravilnog rastera liburnskorimske nekropole walls of the cella belong to the second phase as
planiranog tipa uz prometnice. Podignuta well as a rectangular base of a great monument
nad starim liburnskim grobljem, samo (?) or aedicule (?), cremation burials and a
djelomino je negirala i unitila njegovu multitude of movable monuments.
prostornu strukturu. Jer, liburnskoj fazi In the Roman period cella was a part of
ukapanja pripada veina grobova, s a regular scheme of LiburnianRoman necrop-
dominacijom zgrenih pokojnika, s prilozima olis of the planned type near the roads. It
uglavnom od 6. st. pr. Kr. nadalje. Liburnsko only partially negated and destroyed the
ograivanje grobnih etvrtastih parcela vrstom structure of the old Liburnian cemetery above
obzida potvruje stanovitu planiranost i which it was raised. Namely most of the graves
monumentalnost i liburnske nekropole iz belong to the Liburnian phase of burials with
starijega eljeznog doba. prevalence of crouched position of the
deceased. Most grave goods can be dated from
Kljune rijei: Nadin (Nedinum), the 6th century onwards. Liburnian enclosing of
Liburni, bronano doba, eljezno doba, pokop rectangular grave parcels with a kind of wall
inhumacija, incineracija, humak, cela confirms certain premeditation and monumen-
nekropola na ravnome tality of Liburnian necropolis from the Early
Iron Age.
Keywords: Nedinum, Liburni, Bronze

Age, Iron Age, burial incineration, inhuma-
tion, burial moud, cella flat necropolis
12
Nadin /Sl. 1/ je naao mjesto meu Nadin /Fig. 1/ found its place in the
edition Stotinu hrvatskih arheolokih
Stotinu hrvatskih arheolokih nalazita1;
nalazita (One hundred Croatian
on je meu najvanijim nalazitima u
archaeological sites)1 as one of the most
Zadarskoj upaniji. Njegova je vrijednost u
important sites in the Zadar county. Its
ouvanosti i povijesnoj kompleksnosti
importance lies in good condition of
spomenika, u kontinuitetu od bronanog (II.
preservation and historical complexity of
tis. pr. Kr.), eljeznog (I. tis. pr. Kr.) do
monuments in continuity from the Bronze
rimskoga, srednjovjekovnog i (2nd millennium BC) and Iron (1st
novovjekovnog doba (17. st.). Te epohe millennium BC) Ages to Roman, medieval
dodiruju se u prvom redu na Gradini and modern period (17th cent.). These epochs
starom naselju Nedinum /Sl. 2, Sl. 3/, a adjoin primarily on Gradina the old
zatim na njegovim grobljima: humcima i na settlement of Nedinum /Fig. 2, Fig. 3/, and
prostranoj liburnskorimskoj nekropoli na also on its cemeteries: burial mounds and
ravnome. spatious LiburnianRoman flat necropolis.
Arheoloki (terenski) najvie je Prehistoric segments of this site were
istraivana prapovijest. Objavom poznatoga excavated most intensively. The beginning of
nadinskog maa iz kasne bronce 1911. (A. the study of Nedinum prehistory is marked
Colnago), tonije njegovom znanstvenom (symbolically) by publishing a Late Bronze
interpretacijom 1953. godine,2 poinje Age sword from Nadin in 1911 (A. Kolnago),
(simbolino) istraivanje nadinske or to be precise, by its scientific interpretation
prapovijesti. in 1953.2
Dvije velike grobnice od klesanih Two large graves made of dressed
ploa (gr. 1, 2) s brojnim keramikim i stone slabs (gr. 1, 2) with abundant ceramic
metalnim prilozima /Sl. 46, Sl. 47/, and metal goods /Fig. 46, Fig. 47/, which
were excavated in 1968, 3 documented
istraene 1968. godine,3 dokumentirale su
primarily Hellenistic characteristics of the
uglavnom helenistika obiljeja nadinske
necropolis in Nadin on the northwestern
nekropole na sjeverozapadnoj padini
slope of Gradina /Fig. 28, Fig. 30/. They
Gradine /Sl. 28, Sl. 30/. One su pruile prva
offered first firm insights about certain
konkretna saznanja o nekim promjenama u changes in the cult of the dead i.e. in the
kultu mrtvih, odnosno, u liburnskom Liburnian society in its last phases, from the
drutvu u njegovim zadnjim fazama, od 4. 4th to 1st centuries BC, when monumental
do 1. st. pr. Kr., kada se u Nedinumu walls were built in Nedinum. The third
izgrauju i monumentalni bedemi. Njima grave (gr. 3) should be added to the
1 . BATOVI, 2006, 172173. 1 . BATOVI, 2006, 172173.

2 . BATOVI, 1953, 145161. 2 . BATOVI, 1953, 145161.
3 . BATOVI, 1990, 121125. 3 . BATOVI, 1990, 121125.
13
aforementioned ones which was discovered

and partially explored in 1983, but
unfortunately it had already been devastated.
Excavations of the flat necropolis in Nadin
in 2005 started from the position of grave 3
i.e. from the area at the necropolis which
was enclosed by a wall designated as cella
I,4 /Fig. 31/.
The first thorough field survey and
trial excavations of the Nadin region from
1983 to 19865 ascertained continuity of
habitation from the Bronze Age to the
Sl. 1. Karta s poloajem Nadina u sreditu Ravnih Roman period with a minor relocation of
kotara.
settlement in the wider Nadin region.
Fig. 1. Map with the position of Nadin.
Archaeologically this sequence of cultures is
confirmed by particular
treba pridodati i treu grobnicu (gr. 3), koja spatialchronological relation between three
je otkrivena i samo djelomino istraena hillforts from Nadin: Kriova glavica
1983., no, ve je tada bila oteena. Vinac (Vijenac) Gradina (Nedinum) /Fig. 3,
Iskapanja nadinske nekropole na ravnome Fig. 4/.6 Numerous burial mounds which
2005. god. krenula su upravo od poloaja were recognized in the field survey confirm
gr. 3, tj. od zidom ograenog prostora na the mentioned continuity. The cult of the
nekropoli nazvanog cela I,4 /Sl. 31/. Prvim dead was not investigated (archaeologically)
pak cjelovitim rekognosciranjem i within the project from 1983 to 1986.
sondanim iskapanjem nadinskog kraja
1983.1986. godine 5 ustanovljen je 4 S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2006, 6572.
naseobinski kontinuitet od bronanog do 5 . BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1986, 204206; .
rimskog doba, uz neznatnu promjenu BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1986a, 3336; .
mjesta na irem prostoru Nadina. BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987, 2832; .
Arheoloki, taj slijed kultura potvruje BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987a, 7274; .
BATOVI, 1990, 16; J. CHAPMAN R. S. SHIEL
poseban prostornovremenski odnos triju
. BATOVI, 1996, 116130, 231, Sl. 8595,
nadinskih gradina: Kriove glavice 231251.
6 In the project from 1983 to 1986 two new hillforts
were discovered, Kriova glavica (Early Bronze Age)
4 S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2006, 6572. and Vinac (Vijenac) (Late Bronze Age) which are
5 . BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1986, 204206; . closely related to Gradina (Nedinum) spatially. Trial
trenches were excavated on all three hillforts on the
BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1986a, 3336; . same occasion; cultural stratfication from Liburnian
BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987, 2832; . period to the Middle Ages and onwards was discovered
BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987a, 7274; . on Gradina (Nedinum); . BATOVI J. CHAPMAN,
BATOVI, 1990, 16; J. CHAPMAN R. S. SHIEL 1987, 2832; . BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987a, 7274;
. BATOVI, 1996, 116130, 231, Sl. 8595, BATOVI, 1990, 92, 112, Sl. 23, 29; J. CHAPMAN R. S.
231251. SHIEL . BATOVI, 1996, 116, 231.
14
Sl. 2. Pogled sa sjeveroistoka na Nadin s Gradinom (Nedinum) (snimila: S. Kuko, 2009.).

Fig. 2. View from northeast on Nadin with Gradina (Nedinum) (photo: S. Kuko, 2009).
Vinca (Vijenca) Gradine (Nedinum) /Sl. However the study of the cult of the
3, Sl. 4/.6 O istom kontinuitetu svjedoe dead in the Bronze and Iron Ages benefited
brojni humci, takoer rekognoscirani u from the first more comprehensive
okolici ovih gradina. U sklopu projekta excavations of the Nadin region from
1983.1986. god. nije se, meutim, 20022003 with a series of new facts and
(terenski) istraivao kult mrtvih. insights.7 Out of about 70 burial mounds
Kult mrtvih kroz bronano i recorded in the vicinity of Nadin, 14 have
eljezno doba obogaen je cijelim nizom been excavated on that occasion on the Nadin
novih injenica i spoznaja tijekom prvih Biljane Ratevi stretch.8 Burial mounds 8
veih iskapanja nadinskoga kraja iz and 12 belong to the Iron Age /Fig. 4/, and the
others to the Bronze Age; burials in burial
6 Projektom 1983.-1986. otkrivene su dvije nove
gradine, Kriova glavica (rano bronano doba) i 7 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 5890.
Vinac (Vijenac) (kasno bronano doba), koje su s 8 In the group of burial mounds northwestern of
Gradinom (Nedinum) prostorno najue povezane. Nadin, in the Biljane region, out of seven (17)
Tada su sve tri gradine sondirane; na Gradini excavated burial mounds most did not yield graves
(Nedinum) ustanovljena je kulturna stratifikacija od but only human bones (burial mound 7), and some
liburnskog doba do srednjeg vijeka i nadalje; . pottery of the Cetina culture. In the group of burial
BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987, 2832; . mounds beneath the northeastern slope of Gradina
BATOVI J. CHAPMAN, 1987a, 7274; . burial mounds 6, 8, 11, 12 definitely had sepulchral
BATOVI, 1990, Sl. 23, 29; 92, 112; J. CHAPMAN purpose. They can be dated to the Late Bronze and
R. S. SHIEL . BATOVI, 1996, 116, 231. Iron Ages; . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 7883.
15
Sl. 3. Satelitska snimka gradine Kriova glavica,

nadinske Gradine (Nedinum) i gradine Vinac
(Vijenac) (preuzeto: Google Earth).
Fig. 3. Satellite image of the hillfort Kriova
glavica, Gradina (Nedinum) in Nadin and hillfort
Vinac (Vijenac) (taken from Google Earth).
Sl. 4. Poloaj gradina i istraenih humaka na potezu
Biljane Nadin Ratevi (prema: . Batovi N.
ondi, 2005.)
2002.2003. godine.7 Od oko 70 otkrivenih
Fig. 4. Positions of the hillforts and explored burial
humaka oko Nadina tom zgodom iskapano mounds on the Biljane Nadin Ratevi stretch
ih je 14 na potezu Nadin Biljane (after: . Batovi I. ondi, 2005).
Ratevi.8 Humci 8 i 12 su iz eljeznog /Sl.
4/, a ostali iz bronanog doba; u humku 12 mound 12 can be dated from the Late Bronze
pokapalo se od kasne bronce do kraja to the end of the Iron Age.9
eljeznog doba.9 Burial mound 13 which was excavated
in 200410 /Fig. 5, Fig. 1113/ is a part of a
7 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 5890. larger group of 14 burial mounds excavated in
8 U skupini humaka sjeverozapadno od Nadina, na 20022003 /Fig 4./. Spatially it is closely
prostoru Biljana, od sedam (17) istraenih u veini
nisu otkriveni grobovi ve samo ljudske kosti 9 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8283.
(humak 7), ali i keramika cetinske kulture. U skupini 10 Within the project of S. Kuko The cult of the
humaka podno sjeveroistone padine Gradine dead in the eastern Adriatic, Ministry of Science
sigurnu grobnu namjenu imali su humci 6, 8, 11, 12, and Education of the Republic of Croatia, with the
iz kasne bronce i eljeznog doba; . BATOVI N. technical assistance of the Archaeological Museum
ONDI, 2005, 7883. in Zadar; S. KUKO, 2004, 192194; S. KUKO
9 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8283. . BATOVI, 2005, 5863.
16
Humak 13, iskapan 2004. godine10 related to a group (612) of excavated burial
/Sl. 5, Sl. 1113/, tvori cjelinu sa skupinom mounds northeastern of Gradina in Nadin.11
od 14 nadinskih humaka istraenih 2002.- This burial mound is closest to Gradina,
2003. god. /Sl. 4/, prostorno najue povezan situated some 200 m from its northeastern
sa skupinom (612) iskopanih humaka SI od slope /Fig. 5, Fig. 6/. It is only 20 m distant
from burial mound 12 and about 50 m
nadinske Gradine.11 On je najblii Gradini,
southwestern of the highway /Fig. 4/. Burial
udaljen od njezine sjeveroistone padine
mound 13 yielded 19 graves which completed
oko 200 m /Sl. 5, Sl. 6/. Od humka 12
the picture of the complex of Nadin burial
udaljen je samo 20 m, te oko 50 m JZ od
mounds from the Iron Age, and of the
autoceste /Sl. 4/. Sa svojih 19 grobova Liburnian burial in general. Some new
upotpunio je sliku o kompleksu nadinskih phenomena were discovered in it, and some
humaka iz eljeznog doba, no i o liburnskom elements of the Liburnian cult of the dead
pokopu u cjelini. U njemu su uoene neke which were previously barely discernible
potpuno nove pojave ili su pak bolje were defined in a more satisfying manner.
definirani neki elementi liburnskog kulta The burial mound was used for burials from
mrtvih koji su se do sada samo nazirali. U the 9th to 6th centuries BC. Burial mound 14
humku se pokapalo od 9. do 6. st. pr. Kr. which is located in the immediate proximity
Ostao je neistraen humak 14, takoer u of Gradina remained unexplored.
neposrednoj blizini Gradine. Data for the reconstruction of the
Skroman je fundus podataka za Liburnian cult of the dead are quite meager.
rekonstrukciju liburnskog kulta mrtvih. Longterm field surveys resulted in the
Dugogodinjim rekognosciranjem uoen je discovery of many burial mounds of the
velik broj humaka u liburnskoj kulturi, ali Liburnian culture, but very few were
vrlo malo ih je sustavno iskapano.12 Zato je systematically excavated.12 Therefore it is
impossible to define all the differences between
10 U sklopu projekta S. Kuko Kult mrtvih na isto-
them and the earlier, Bronze Age burials under
nom Jadranu, Ministrastvo ZO Republike mounds; it is not clear what exactly was
Hrvatske, uz tehniku pomo Arheolokog muzeja u
inherited from the past in the concept of
Zadru; S. KUKO, 2004, 192194; S. KUKO .
BATOVI, 2005, 5863. Liburnian burial mound (and of the flat burial),
11 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 78.
11 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 78.
12 Najvaniji iskapani liburnski humci: Zaton kod
12 The most important excavated Liburnian burial
Nina (. BATOVI, 1983, 3132), Vrsi Kosa kod
Mula (. BATOVI, 1973, 2731.), Dobropoljci (. mounds: Zaton near Nin (. BATOVI, 1983, 3132), Vrsi
Kosa near Mulo (. BATOVI, 1973, 2731),
BATOVI, 1960, 7985; . BATOVI, 1990,
Dobropoljci (. BATOVI, 1960, 7985; .
5142), Biljane Donje (. BATOVI, 1959, 5457; BATOVI,1990, 5142), Biljane Donje (. BATOVI,
. BATOVI, 1990, 82), Gromaica kod Lopara na 1959, 5457; . BATOVI, 1990, 82), Gromaica near
Rabu (R. MATEJI, 1968, 7584), Materiza kod Lopar on the island of Rab (R. MATEJI, 1968, 7584),
Nina (. BATOVI, 1968, 18.), Ljubaka Kosa (D. Materiza near Nin (BATOVI, 1968, 18), Ljubaka Kosa
VUJEVI, 2010, u tisku); Iz Biljana Donjih jedan (D. VUJEVI, 2010, in print); One burial mound from
humak pripada eneolitiku (zaselak Trljuge), a jedan Biljane Donje was built in the Eneolithic (small village
eljeznom dobu; . BATOVI, 1959, 5457; . Trljuge), and the other one in the Iron Age; . BATOVI,
BATOVI, 1990, 8182. 1959, 5457; . BATOVI, 1990, 8182.
17
H 13 H 12
Sl. 5. Humak 13 podno nadinske Gradine tijekom Sl. 6. Poloaj Stanine (u prvom planu) i humaka 13 i
iskapanja (snimio: M. Parica, 2004.). 12 na SI padini nadinske Gradine.
Fig. 5. Burial mound 13 at the foot of Gradina in Fig. 6. Aerial view of the Stanine position (in
Nadin during the excavations (photo: M. Parica, foreground) and mounds 13 and 12 on the NE slope
2004). of Gradina in Nadin.
nemogue definirati sve razlike izmeu njih i.e. when is the type of burial under a mound
i ranijih, bronanodobnih pokopa pod referred to as Liburnian definitely formed (and
humcima; nejasno je to se tono naslijedilo abandoned).13 Besides the continuity of some
iz dublje prolosti u konceptu liburnskoga basic constructive forms (stone cists, enclosing
grobnog humka (ali i pokopa na ravnome), walls etc.) from the Bronze Age to the Roman
odnosno, kada se definitivno oblikuje (ali i period, it is certain that there were some
prestaje)13 tip pokopa pod humcima koji specific differences between them (formal,
especially religious; rituals and beliefs). Several
nazivamo liburnskim. Uz kontinuitet nekih
excavated burial mounds from the Bronze Age
osnovnih konstruktivnih oblika (grobna
point in that direction: Mala glavica, on the
krinja, obzid i dr.) od bronanog do
slope of Matakov brig Podvrje /Fig. 7 (1)/,
rimskog doba, sigurno su meu njima with a series of specific ritual elements of the
postojale i konkretne razlike (formalne,
Cetina culture, with cremation rite;14 burial
osobito religijske: obredi i vjerovanja). Na mound 1 on position Stanine /Fig. 9 (2)/ in the
to upuuje nekoliko istraenih humaka iz immediate vicinity of Nedinum, also with the
bronanog doba: Mala glavica, na kosi remains of the same culture from the Early
Matakov brig Podvrje /Sl. 7 (1)/, s nizom
13 Some burial mounds were used for burials in the
Roman period, perhaps the ones from Dobropoljci
13 U nekim gomilama sigurno se pokapalo i u (Lovaka glavica: R 1112,5, height 0,85 m, gr. 2;
rimsko doba, moda i u humcima iz Dobropoljaca; Dobropoljci Jaruv, position Greblje); Cf.
(Lovaka glavica: R 1112,5, vis. 0,85 m, gr. 2; BATOVI, 1960, Pl. XII, Pl. XIII/12; In the
Dobropoljci Jaruv, poloaj Greblje); Usp. . mentioned burial mounds crouched and extended
BATOVI, 1960, T. XII, T. XIII/12; U spomenutim positions were combined (without grave goods).
14 . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 564, T I LI.
humcima kombinirani su zgren i ispruen poloaj
umrloga (bez priloga). 15 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8687, Fig. 7.
18
Sl. 7. Humci s ritusom spaljivanja iz bronanog doba:1) Mala glavica, Podvrje (prema: . Batovi S.
Kuko, 1988); 2) Ervenik (prema: W. Buttler, 1932); 3) Duevia glavica Krneza (prema: K. Gusar D.
Vujevi, 2010a).
Fig. 7. Burial mounds with cremation rite from the Bronze Age: 1) Mala glavica, Podvrje (after . Batovi S. Kuko,
1988); 2) Ervenik (after: Buttler, 1932), 3) Duevia glavica Krneza (after: K. Gusar D. Vujevi, 2010a).
19
Sl. 8. Humak Duevia glavica Krneza (prema: K. Gusar D. Vujevi, 2010a).

Fig. 8. Burial mound Duevia glavica Krneza (after: K. Gusar D. Vujevi, 2010a).
sauvanih osebujnih obrednih elemenata Bronze Age, with cremation burial,15 and burial
cetinske kulture, s ritusom spaljivanja,14 mound Krneza Duevia glavica,16 with
humak 1 na poloaju Stanine /Sl. 9 (2)/ u cremation as well /Fig. 7 (3), Fig. 8/.17
neposrednoj blizini Nedinuma, takoer s All differences (building structure,
ostatcima iste kulture ranoga bronanog spatial arrangement, ritual elements)
doba, s ritusom spaljivanja,15 te humak between the burial mounds from the
Bronze and Iron Ages can be explained
Krneza Duevia glavica,16 takoer sa
only in the context of the specific culture
spaljivanjem /Sl. 7 (3), Sl. 8/.17 (Liburnian and Cetina cultures). In this
14 . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, T I LI, 564. region, similar as in many European
15 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, Sl. 7, 8687. prehistoric cultural circles, burial mounds
16 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a, (u tisku). 16 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a, (in print).
17 Za sada, Ervenik, Podvrje i Nadin/Stanine jedine su 17 For now Ervenik, Podvrje and Nadin/Stanine are the
pojave cetinskog spaljenog pokopa u sjevernoj Dalmaciji. only examples of cremation burial of the Cetina culture in
Moda mu treba prikljuiti i humak iz Krneze Duevia northern Dalmatia. Perhaps the burial mound from Krneza
glavica, vidi bilj. 24; injenica je, ipak, da je u humku iz Duevia glavica should be added to this list; see note
Ervenika jedini spaljeni, sredinji grob 5 bio gotovo potpuno 24; However the fact is that in the burial mound from
uniten naknadnim ukopom (gr. 4, s kamenom Ervenik the only cremation burial in the central grave 5
was almost completely destroyed by subsequent burial (gr.
konstrukcijom du. 2,7 m); W. BUTTLER, 1932, 355; U
4 with a stone construction 2,7 m long); W. BUTTLER,
irem pak nadinskom kraju: humak 7 Biljane, humak 1 1932, 355; In the wider Nadin region (burial mound 7
Stanine (. BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 80, 86) Biljane, burial mound 1, Stanine (. BATOVI N.
prisutna je incineracija i inhumacija, to je vjerojatno prvi ONDI, 2005, 80, 86) we find cremation and inhumation
primjer usporednog postojanja na jednom uem prostoru which is probably the first example of coexistence of two
dvaju ritusa u kontekstu cetinske kulture u sjevernoj burial rites in a limited area in the context of the Cetina
Dalmaciji. culture in northern Dalmatia.
20
Sl. 9. Humci s ritusom spaljivanja iz bronanog doba: 1) Nadin (Biljane), humak 6 (prema: I. ondi,
2007.); 2) Stanine Nadin, Humak 1 (prema: . Batovi N. ondi, 2005.).
Fig. 9. Burial mounds with cremation rite from the Bronze Age: 1) Nadin (Biljane), burial mound 6 (after: I.
ondi, 2007); 2) Stanine Nadin, burial mound 1 (after: . Batovi I. ondi, 2005).
21
which were built in the Eneolithic were

quite widespread phenomenon in the cult
of the dead from the Early Bronze Age.18
Specifically, in the northern Dalmatia
region we know more about the earliest
burial mounds from the Early Bronze Age
(Cetina culture: Vrsi Kosa near Mulo,19
Zaton, 20 Podvrje, 21 Ervenik, 22 Nadin 23
Krneza Duevia glavica24 /Fig. 79/)
whereas archaeological confirmations of
their use in the Eneolithic are rare (Vrsi
Kosa near Mulo, 25 burial mound from
Biljane Donje26).
The longest continuity of burials in a
single burial mound in northern Dalmatia
covers the Late Bronze and Iron Ages
(Zaton near Nin; Nadin, burial mound 12,
Sl. 10. Humak Matakova glavica u Podvrju (prema: 18 About the burial mounds from the Bronze and Iron
K. Gusar D. Vujevi, 2010, u tisku). Ages from the wider Benkovac region, . BATOVI,
Fig. 10. Burial mound Matakova glavica in Podvrje 1990, 8084.
(after: K. Gusar D. Vujevi, 2010, in print). 19 . BATOVI, 1973, 2731.
20 . BATOVI, 1983, 3032.
Sve razlike (struktura graenja,
21 . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 564, Pl. I LI.
raspored u prostoru, obredni sadraji)
22 W. BUTTLER, 1932, 354364, Fig. 2.
izmeu humaka bronanog i eljeznog doba
23 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 74.
mogu se objanjavati tek u kontekstu
24 This earthen burial mound (with medieval burials)
konkretne kulture (cetinske, odnosno,
which might have been raised as early as the Early
liburnske). Na ovom prostoru, slino Bronze Age during the Cetina culture, contained tiny
mnogim europskim prapovijesnim remains of burnt human bones in the center. The bones
kulturnim krugovima, humci, graeni ve u were placed directly on the earth, only one sherd of a
eneolitiku, intenzivno su proirena pojava u ceramic vessel resembling forms of the Cetina culture
was found in the burial mound. However, the other
kultu mrtvih od ranoga bronanog doba.18 prehistoric grave in this burial mound, in a stone cist
Konkretno, na prostoru sjeverne Dalmacije (120 x 96 x 80 cm), without grave goods in situ, was
najbolje istraeni najstariji humci su iz dated to the Middle Bronze Age (16301450 BC) by
radiocarbon analysis of human remains. I would like to
ranoga bronanog doba (cetinska kultura: thank my colleagues D. Vujevi, K. Gusar and B.
Vrsi Kosa kod Mula19, Zaton,20 Marijanovi for this informaton and some other still
unpublished data about the newly excavated mounds:
18 O humcima bronanog i eljeznog doba irega K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, (in print).
benkovakog prostora: . BATOVI, 1990, 8084. 25 . BATOVI, 1973, 30.
19 . BATOVI, 1973, 2731. 26 . BATOVI, 1959, 5457; . BATOVI, 1990,
20 . BATOVI, 1983, 3032. 8182.
22
Podvrje,21 Ervenik,22 Nadin,23 Krneza /Fig. 4/).27 The longest continuity of burials
Duevia glavica24 /Sl. 79/) njihova from the Early Bronze Age throughout the
uporaba u eneolitiku za sada je arheoloki Iron Age in a closed unit was recorded in
Zaton near Nin on the occasion of
slabo potvrena (Vrsi Kosa kod Mula,25
excavating seven burial mounds,28 as well
humak iz Biljana Donjih26). as in the aforementioned group of the Nadin
Najdui kontinuitet pokopanja u
burial mounds /Fig. 4/.29 Continuity of
jednom humku u sjevernoj Dalmaciji burials at the same place from the
obuhvaa kasno bronano i eljezno doba Eneolithic to the Roman period was
(Zaton kod Nina; Nadin, humak 12, /Sl. discovered in Vrsi Kosa near Mulo for the
4/).27 A najdui kontinuitet pokapanja, od first time in northern Dalmatia.30
rane bronce kroz eljezno doba, unutar Burial mound 13 from Nadin /Fig.
jedne ue zatvorene cjeline, uoen je u 1113/ supplements our knowledge about
Zatonu kod Nina pri iskapanju sedam the construction and planimetry of
humaka, 28 ali i u navedenoj skupini Liburnian burial mounds from the 1st
nadinskih /Sl. 4/.29 U Vrsima Kosa kod millennium BC. Along with two more
Mula prvi je put pak u sjevernoj burial mounds from Nadin (8, 12),31 some
Dalmaciji otkriven kontinuitet pokapanja burial mounds from Vrsi and Zaton near
Nin, and three newly discovered burial
mounds on Ljubaka kosa,32 this burial
21 . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, T I LI, 564. mound is the best example of the structure
22 W. BUTTLER, 1932, Sl. 2, 354364. of Liburnian burials under mounds. 33
23 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 74. Typical Liburnian burial mound consists of
24 Ovaj zemljani humak (sa srednjovjekovnim dumped stones, which are sometimes covered
ukopima), moda podignut ve u ranoj bronci za with soil and rocks. Only rarely it consists
trajanja cetinske kulture, u sreditu je imao sitne ostatke
spaljenih ljudskih kostiju, postavljene izravno na 27 . BATOVI, 1983, 3231; . BATOVI N.
zemlju, te samo jedan ulomak keramike posude bliske ONDI, 2005, 83.
cetinskim oblicima. Ali, drugi prapovijesni grob u
28 . BATOVI, 1983, 32.
ovom humku, s kamenom krinjom (120 x 96 x 80 cm),
no bez priloga in situ, datiran je, analizom C14 29 . BATOVI I. ONDI, 2005, 5890.
ljudskih ostataka, u srednje bronano doba (1630.- 30 . BATOVI, 1973, 30.
1450. g. pr. Kr.). Na ovom i drugim jo neobjavljenim
31 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8182.
podatcima o novoiskapanim humcima zahvaljujem
kolegama D. Vujeviu, K. Gusar i B. Marijanoviu; (K. 32 D. VUJEVI, 2010, ( in print); excavated by the
GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a, u tisku). Department of Archaeology of the University of
25 . BATOVI, 1973, 30. Zadar in 2007, research leader B. MARIJANOVI.
26 . BATOVI, 1959, 5457; . BATOVI, 1990, 33 Burial mound with 6 burials (96 cent. BC) from
8182. the site of Gromaica near Lopar on the island of
27 . BATOVI, 1983, 3231; . BATOVI N. Rab was heavily damaged and it lacks complete
ONDI, 2005, 83. documentation (layout etc): Iron Age burial mounds
28 . BATOVI, 1983, 32. from Zaton and Vrsi near Nin, Dobropoljci and
Biljane Donje, were also published preliminarily
29 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 5890. without complete documentation.
23
exclusively of soil covering the stone core.34

Architecture of a burial mound depended on
the landscape, at least to a certain degree.35 A
more complex course of building of
Liburnian burial mounds is not known nor
their distinct constructional characteristics,
particularly those related to rituals. We can
speak generally about the procedure of
flattening the terrain (source rock)36, filling
up the levelled terrain and finally raising one
or more layers of the burial mound, usually
made of stones with some soil.
The type of great burial mound such
as Materiza near Nin, probably from the Iron
Age has somewhat different structure it is
Sl. 11. Tlocrt kamenog plata humka 13 u Nadinu
(crte: I. ondi, 2004.). 34 . BATOVI, 1987, 356; In the structure of some
Fig. 11. Layout of the stone upper layer of burial
burial mounds from Vrsi Kosa near Mulo there are
mound 13 in Nadin (drawing: I. ondi, 2004).
two or three layers of building: layer of stones with
some soil (humus), beneath it a layer of stones with
na jednom mjestu od eneolitika do red soil, and occasionally on the surface of the burial
rimskog doba.30 mound a layer consisting of stones only; .
Humak 13 iz Nadina /Sl. 1113/ BATOVI, 1973, 28.
nadopunjuje saznanja o konstrukciji i 35 E.g. on the island of Paman, almost all burial
planimetriji liburnskih humaka iz I. tis. pr. Kr. mounds recorded in the field survey were made of
broken stone; there were no small burial mounds, as
Za sada, upravo on, uz jo dva nadinska (8,
was the case on shore, and there were no groups of
12),31 neke iz Vrsi i Zatona kod Nina, te tri burial mounds, but only individual burial mounds,
novotkrivena humka na Ljubakoj kosi,32 quite distant from one another; . BATOVI, 1987a,
prua najbolji uvid u strukturu liburnskog 4344; However there are several examples that
building material was transferred from great
pokapanja pod gomilama.33 distances: reddish soil, almost clear red soil forming
the cover (above the bedrock, i.e. under the upper
30 . BATOVI, 1973, 30. layer made of stones and dark soil) with graves in the
31 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8182. burial mound Mala glavica Podvrje from the
32 D. VUJEVI, 2010 (u tisku); Iskapao Odjel za Early Bronze Age (. BATOVI S. KUKO,1988,
arheologiju Sveuilita u Zadru 2007., voditelj 1112) and sandy soil for covering the earthen burial
istraivanja B. MARIJANOVI. mound kornica Privlaka; B. MARIJANOVI,
33 Humak sa 6 pokopa (9.6. st. pr. Kr.) na lokalitetu 2006, 343.
Gromaica kod Lopara na Rabu bio je dosta oteen 36 As early as the Cetina culture period outcrops of the
i nema cjelovitu dokumentaciju (tlocrt i sl.); source rock were flattened by rough carving as in burial
eljeznodobni humci iz Zatona i Vrsi kod Nina, te iz mound 6 from Biljane, as well as in the burial mound of
Dobropoljaca i Biljana Donjih, takoer su samo the Cetina culture from Ratevi, where a layer of soil
sumarno objavljeni uglavnom bez cjelovite was laid out prior to the construction of the enclosing
dokumentacije. wall; . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 80, 87.
24
Tipian liburnski humak sastoji se

od nabacanoga kamenja, ponekad je nasut
mjeavinom zemlje i kamenja, rjee je
sastavljen iskljuivo od zemlje koja
prekriva kamenu jezgru.34 Arhitektura
humka ovisila je, bar djelomino, o
krajoliku.35 Uglavnom nije poznat neki
sloeniji tijek gradnje liburnskih humaka
niti su otkrivene njihove izraenije
konstrukcijske osobitosti, posebno one
obredno uvjetovane. Moe se uopeno
govoriti o postupku poravnavanja zemljita
(matine stijene36 i sl.), nasipavanju
poravnatog zemljita i, napokon, podizanju
jednog ili vie slojeva plata humka,
najee od kamenja s neto zemlje.
Strukturom se donekle izdvaja tip Sl. 12. Nadin, tlocrt humka 13 s grobovima i
velikog humka, poput Materize kod Nina obzidom (crte: I. ondi, 2004.).
Fig. 12. Layout of burial mound 13 with graves and
enclosing wall, Nadin (drawing: I. ondi, 2004).
34 . BATOVI, 1987, 356; U sastavu nekih huma-
ka iz Vrsi Kosa kod Mula izdvajaju se 23 sloja
graenja: sloj kamenja s neto zemlje (humusa), made of soil, with a stone core and enclosing
ispod toga sloj kamenja s crvenicom, te ponekad na wall.37 This central heap of stones of
povrini humka sloj sastavljen iskljuivo od kamen- unknown function resembles the appearance
ja; . BATOVI, 1973, 28. of central construction on some other
35 Npr. na Pamanu, gotovo svi rekognoscirani
(earthen) burial mounds. To be specific, in
humci su od lomljena kamena; takoer, nema malih all three burial mounds Troglavce
humaka, poput onih na kopnu i nema skupina huma-
ka, ve samo pojedinanih, meusobno dosta udal-
Ranovac from the Bronze Age in the
jenih (. BATOVI, 1987a, 4344); No, ima vie proximity of Nin there is a mention of the
primjera da se graevinski materijal dovodio s vee enclosing wall, then conical stone core
udaljenosti: crvenkasta zemlja, gotovo ista crveni- (height ca. 1,5 m and diameter ca. 67 m),
ca, koja je tvorila nasip (povrh zdravice, odnosno, covered by a layer of sandy soil or clay (over
ispod plata od kamenja i tamnije zemlje) s grobovi- the entire burial mound) and at the very top
ma u humku Mala glavica Podvrje iz ranoga
bronanog doba (. BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 37 Excavated burial mound Materiza is one of
1112) te pjeskulja za nasipavanje zemljanog humka
kornica Privlaka; B. MARIJANOVI, 2006, 343. several great earthen burial mounds (R 30, height 8
36 Ve u vrijeme cetinske kulture poravnavaju se m) in the vicinity of Nin. Its function remains
unclear; it was probably related to certain rituals. In
grubim klesanjem vrhovi matine stijene (humak 6 the center of the burial mound, near the bottom was
iz Biljana); takoer i u humku cetinske kulture iz a heap of stones; a grave was not found, but only
Ratevia, gdje je prije podizanja obzida nasut sloj Liburnian pottery, several flint objects and some
zemlje; . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 80, 87. charcoal; . BATOVI, 1968, 18.
25
Sl. 13. Presjeci humka 13 u Nadinu (crte: A. deri, 2004.).

Fig. 13. Crosssections of burial mound 13 in Nadin (drawing: A. deri, 2004).
vjerojatno iz eljeznog doba, od zemlje, s a layer of humus, and a layer of different

kamenom jezgrom i obzidom.37 Ta carbonized seeds.38
sredinja gomila kamenja nejasne funkcije
38 In only one burial mound there was a layer of burnt
podsjea na pojavu sredinje konstrukcije
soil which originally might have covered the entire
kod nekih drugih (zemljanih) humaka. surface of the burial mound. In the segment of the
Konkretno, u sva tri humka Troglavce southeastern burial mound with an enclosing wall
Ranovac u okolici Nina iz bronanog doba there was a burnt surface, measuring about 1 m in
govori se o postojanju obzida, zatim diameter, about 10 cm thick, consisting of clay and
stones, then there was a burnt surface 4,55 m in
kamene stoaste jezgre (vis. oko 1,5 i diameter, and the remains of human bones (without
promjera oko 67 m), povrh toga nasipa preserved graves). In the largest (central) burial mound
pjeskulje ili gline (preko cijelog humka) i na without an enclosing wall, with abundance of ceramic
sherds, there were also carbonized seeds, probably
deposited ritually when the burial mound was raised; .
37 Istraen humak Materiza jedan je u nizu velikih BATOVI, 1984, 1617; Structure (particularly
appearance of the central stone core) of these three
zemljanih humaka (R 30, vis. 8 m) u okolici Nina.
burial mounds from Nin (Troglavce), as well as the
Njegova funkcija ostala je nejasna; vjerojatno u vezi
earthen burial mound Materiza with a similar (?) central
s odreenim obredima. U sreditu humka, pri dnu je heap of stones is explained by influences of the inland on the
bila gomila kamenja; grob nije naen ve samo coastal region, i.e. within a context of a wider phenomenon of
liburnska keramika, nekoliko kremenih predmeta i great burial mounds of the Bronze Age in Europe (including
neto ugljena; . BATOVI, 1968, 18. Liki Osik); . BATOVI, 1984, 17.
26
Sl. 14. Obzid humka 13 u Nadinu (snimio: . Vrki,

2004.).
Fig. 14. Enclosing wall of burial mound 13 in Nadin
(photo: . Vrki, 2004). Sl. 15. Nadin, humak 13, grobovi 15 i 17 (crte: A.
deri, 2004.).
Fig. 15. Nadin, burial mound 13, graves 15 and 17
samom vrhu sloja humusa, te sloja raznoga (drawing: A. deri, 2004).
pougljenog sjemenja.38
The structure of great earthen burial
38 Samo u jednom humku naen je sloj peene zemlje,
mounds in northern Dalmatia was observed
koji se izvorno moda prostirao po cijeloj povrini humka.
Konkretno, u dijelu jugoistonog humka s obzidom
more closely on the example of the
naena je peena povrina, promjera oko 1 m, deb. desetak aforementioned burial mounds in the vicinity
cm, sastavljena od gline i kamenja, zatim paljevina of Nin (Troglavce Ranovac).39 We can see
promjera 4,55,5 m, te ostatci ljudskih kostiju (bez that earthen burial mounds in northern
sauvanih grobova). U najveem pak (sredinjem) humku,
bez obzida, s dosta keramikih ulomaka, bilo je i
Dalmatia lasted throughout the Bronze Age
pougljenog sjemenja, vjerojatno obredno polaganog pri (Duevia glavica Krneza /Fig. 7 (3), Fig.
podizanju humka; . BATOVI, 1984, 1617; Struktura,
osobito postojanje sredinje kamene jezgre ovih triju 39 Burial mounds are partially explored, they are
ninskih humaka (Troglavce), kao i zemljanoga humka
Materiza, sa slinom (?) sredinjom gomilom kamenja, 3540 m apart, raised in a group of similar, but
objanjava se utjecajem zalea na primorje, odnosno, u somewhat smaller burial mounds; their diameters
kontekstu ire pojave velikih humaka bronanog doba vary from 25,526,5 m (the largest) to 20,5 m, i.e.
Europe (ukljuujui i Liki Osik); . BATOVI, 1984, 17. 21,5 m; . BATOVI, 1984, 1517.
27
Sl. 17. Grob 4, humak 13 iz Nadina (crte: A. deri,

2004.).
Fig. 17. Grave 4, burial mound 13 from Nadin
Sl. 16. Grob 17, humak 13 iz Nadina (crte: I. (drawing: A. deri, 2004).
ondi, 2005.).
Fig. 16. Grave 17, burial mound 13 from Nadin
(drawing: I. ondi, 2005). 8/, Zemunjaa Smili,40 Troglavce
Ranovac, Matakova glavica Podvrje /Fig.
Struktura velikih zemljanih humaka
8/,41 kornica Privlaka) and during the Iron
u sjevernoj Dalmaciji prvi put je detaljnije Age (Materiza Nin). Most of the explored
uoena upravo kod triju navedenih humaka burial mounds were only partially excavated,
u okolici Nina (Troglavce Ranovac).39 or they were devastated in the past, e.g. by
Zemljani humci u sjevernoj Dalmaciji, late antique and medieval burials42
dakle, traju kroz bronano doba (Duevia
glavica Krneza /Sl. 7 (3), Sl. 8/, 40 Big earthen burial mound Zemunjaa in Smili
Zemunjaa Smili,40 Troglavce which was illicitly excavated in 1923 contained in its
center a grave made of slabs with a crouched
39 Humci su djelomino istraeni, udaljeni skeleton in preserved clothes and a vessel next to it,
meusobno 3540 m, podignuti u skupini slinih, ali probably from the Late Bronze Age; . BATOVI,
neto manjih humaka; razliitih su promjera: od 1983a, 277, 308, Fig. 20/27; . BATOVI, 1990,
25,526,5 m (najvei), te 20,5, odnosno, 21,5 m; . 9697.
BATOVI, 1984, 1517. 41 Since prehistoric grave was not preserved but only some
40 Velik zemljani humak Zemunjaa u Smiliu, pottery and metal jewelry, dating of the burial mound is
nestruno iskapan 1923., u svom sreditu ipak je uncertain, the Late Bronze or Iron Age; K. GUSAR D.
imao grob s ploama sa zgrenim pokojnikom sa VUJEVI, 2010, (in print).
sauvanom odjeom i jednom posudom pokraj 42 Frequent, almost direct connection between these burial
umrloga, vjerojatno iz kasnoga bronanog doba; . mounds and medieval burials i.e. cult has been noticed long
BATOVI, 1983a, Sl. 20/27, 277, 308; . time ago (such as St. Nicholas at Prahulje near Nin with a
BATOVI, 1990, 9697. flat necropolis in the vicinity of the burial mound).
28
Ranovac, Matakova glavica Podvrje /Sl.

8/,41 kornica Privlaka) i tijekom
eljeznog doba (Materiza Nin). Veina
istraivanih ipak je samo djelomino
iskapana, ili su neki ve u prolosti bili
unitavani, npr. kasnoantikim i
srednjovjekovnim ukopima (Matakova
42
glavica Podvrje, Duevia glavica
Krneza, kornica Privlaka). No, ovi
zadnji ipak su pruili nove podatke o
strukturi humaka ovog tipa: o odnosu
obzida, kamene jezgre i prapovijesnoga
Sl. 18. Keramika urna, gr. 4, humak 13 iz Nadina
groba, te sastavu grobne arhitekture.43
(snimio: S. Govorin, 2009.).
Stoasta unutranja kamena konstrukcija Fig. 18. Ceramic urn, gr. 4, burial mound 13 from
(platforma), za sada nejasne namjene, Nadin (photo: S. Govorin, 2009).
zabiljeena je, dakle, u vie (zemljanih)
humaka iz bronanog i eljeznog (?) doba, s (Matakova glavica Podvrje, Duevia
glavica Krneza, kornica Privlaka).
41 Kako prapovijesni grob nije sauvan, ve samo
However the previously mentioned ones
offered some new facts about the structure of
keramika i neto metalnog nakita, nesigurno je
vrijeme upotrebe humka (u kasno bronano ili pak
this type of a burial mound: about the relation
eljezno doba); K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, (u between the enclosing wall, stone core and
tisku). prehistoric grave, and about the composition
42 Odavna je uoena pojava este, gotovo izravne of grave architecture.43 Conical inner stone
prostorne povezanosti ovih humaka i construction (platform) whose function
srednjovjekovnih ukopa, tj kulta, npr. sv. Nikola u remains unclear for now, was recorded in
Prahuljama kod Nina, s nekropolom na ravnome u
blizini humka. 43 Specifically, in the burial mound Matakova
43 Konkretno, u humku Matakova glavica postoji
glavica there is a damaged ringshaped stone
prstenasta kamena konstrukcija (R, 4 m), za koju je, construction (R 4 m) which might have been a
zbog oteenja teko odrediti predstavlja li izvorno platform of the burial (which was not preserved) or
platformu (nesauvanog) pokopa ili pak unutranji an inner enclosing wall of the burial mound; K.
obzid humka; K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, Sl. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, Fig. 6, Pl. VII, 1 (in
6, T. VII,1, (u tisku); U humku kornica Privlaka, print); The burial mound kornica Privlaka has an
s obzidom kamenja, plat sastavljen od glinaste enclosing wall made of stones, and its upper layer
zemlje i sloja pjeskulje, prekrivao je kamenu jezgru consists of clayish soil and a layer of sandy soil. It
u kojoj je bio poloen (devastiran?) grob, s izrazito covered a stone core in which a grave (devastated?)
malom koliinom kostiju, sastavljen od kamenih was placed, with very few bones. The grave was
ploa razliitih veliina, prekriven jednom velikom made of stone slabs of different sizes, covered with a
kamenom ploom, koji se, meutim, zbog large stone slab. The grave could not be dated due to
nedostatka priloga, ne moe vremenski odrediti. Ali, complete absence of grave goods. However, the
kamena jezgra s grobom nije bila u sreditu humka; stone core with the grave was not in the center of the
B. MARIJANOVI, 2006, 342345. burial mound; B. MARIJANOVI, 2006, 342345.
29
several (earthen) mounds from the Bronze

and Iron (?) Ages. Only in some cases a burial
was noticed (kornica) or assumed within this
structure (burial mound Matakova glavica,
with a vessel found in the remains of inner
construction /Fig. 10/).44
Construction of an enclosing wall was
almost a rule in Liburnian burial mounds.
However all possible functions and meanings
of two concentrical enclosing walls which
appear only sporadically in Liburnian burials
are not completely defined. A single enclosing
Sl. 19. Keramika urna, gr. 4, humak 13 iz Nadina
(snimio: S. Govorin, 2009.).
wall had practical purpose but also a
Fig. 19. Ceramic urn, gr. 4, burial mound 13 from symbolical meaning of a kind of a holy
Nadin (photo: S. Govorin, 2009). precinct, or a ring, functioning as a boundary
between the outer and inner (holy) area,
tim da je samo u nekim sluajevima u ovoj which is a widespread phenomenon in
strukturi uoen (kornica) odnosno, different regions and periods.
pretpostavljen pokop (humak Matakova In the group of excavated burial
glavica, s posudom naenom u ostatcima mounds northwestern of Gradina Nedinum
unutranje konstrukcije /Sl. 10/).44 in the Biljane region, double concentrical
U humcima Liburna podizanje enclosing wall was found in burial mound 6
jednog obzida gotovo je pravilo. No, sve (northwestern of Gradina Nedinum) from
funkcije i znaenja dvaju koncentrinih the Early Bronze Age with the pottery of the
Cetina culture, but without graves, which were
obzida, koji se samo ponekad susreu u
probably destroyed over the course of time
liburnskim pokopima, nisu do kraja poznati.
/Fig. 4, Fig. 9 (1)/.45 Enclosing wall consisting
Ve je jedan obzid, uz praktina, imao i
of two parallel walls was found in burial
simbolina znaenja svojevrsnoga svetog
mound 11 (with four cist graves), 250 m north
rekcinkta, prstena, s funkcijom
of Kriova glavica, most likely from the Late
razgranienja izvanjskog i unutranjeg
Bronze Age.46 Three burial mounds from
(svetog) prostora, to je u vremenu i
Zaton also have a concentrical wreath, i.e.
prostoru iroko zabiljeena pojava. inner enclosing wall, and perhaps also the
U skupini iskopanih humaka
burial mound from Vrsi Kosa near Mulo.47
sjeverozapadno od Gradine Nedinum, na Perhaps a ringshaped construction from the
prostoru Biljana, dvostruki koncentrini earthen burial mound Matakova glavica
obzid postoji u humku 6 ve iz ranoga
bronanog doba s keramikom cetinske 44 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, Fig. 68, (in print).
kulture, ali bez grobova, koji su vjerojatno 45 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 80.
46 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 82.
44 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, Sl. 68, (u
47 . BATOVI, 1973, 2832; . BATOVI, 1983, 32.
tisku).
30
Podvrje from the Bronze Age48 had the same

function of inner enclosing wall of the burial
mound, if it does not represent the remains of
the damaged conical inner construction
(platform) /Fig. 10/. In the burial mound from
Ervenik inner enclosing wall was a
doublefaced wall (80 cm thick) with infilling
/Fig. 7 (2)/.49
Sl. 20. Restaurirana eljezna narukvica iz groba 9,

humak 13, Nadin (snimio: M. Parica, 2009.).
Fig. 20. Restored iron bracelet from grave 9, burial
mound 13, Nadin (photo: M. Parica, 2009). a
uniteni tijekom vremena /Sl. 4, Sl. 9 (1)/.45

Obzid pak sastavljen od dva usporedna zida
nalazio se u humku 11 (s etiri groba sa
krinjama), 250 m sjeverno od Kriove
glavice, najvjerojatnije iz kasnoga
bronanog doba.46 Tri zatonska humka
takoer imaju koncentrini vijenac, tj.
unutranji obzid, moda i jedan humak u
Vrsima Kosa kod Mula.47 Moda je i b
prstenasta konstrukcija iz zemljanog humka
Matakova glavica Podvrje iz bronanog
doba,48 ako nije ostatak oteene stoaste
unutranje konstrukcije (platforme), imala Sl. 21. Humak 13, Nadin, tlocrt i presjeci gr. 9 s
istu funkciju unutranjeg obzida humka /Sl. viestrukim ukopima: a) ostatci kostura i artefakata
10/. U humku pak iz Ervenika unutranji na dub. 2025 cm; ostatci kostura i priloga (igla s
ploastom glavom i dr.) na dub. 6065 cm. (crte: A.
obzid bio je zid (ir. 80 cm) s dva lica i deri, 2004.).
unutranjom ispunom /Sl. 7 (2)/.49 Fig. 21. Burial mound 13, Nadin, layout and
crosssections of grave 9 with multiple burials: a)
45 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 80. remains of skeleton and artifacts at the depth of
2025 cm; remains of skeleton and grave goods (pin
46 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 82.
with a flat head etc) at the depth of 6065 cm
47 . BATOVI, 1973, 2832; . BATOVI, (drawing: A. deri, 2004).
1983, 32.
48 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, Sl. 6; T, 1; T 48 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010, Fig. 6; Pl, 1; T
VII, 1, (u tisku). VII, 1, (in print).
49 W. BUTTLER, 1932, Sl. 12. 49 W. BUTTLER, 1932, Fig.12.
31
Sl. 22. Prilozi u grobu 9, humak 13, Nadin (crte: I. ondi, 2005.).
Fig. 22. Grave goods in gr. 9, burial mound 13, Nadin (drawing: I. ondi, 2005).
32
Humak 13, dosta oteen, 50 sa

zateenim promjerom oko 12 m (tj. 11 m
prema sauvanom obzidu) i visinom od
0,701,05 m, sastojao se od krupnoga
kamenja i vee koliine tamnosmee
zemlje /Sl. 13/. Njegov obzid /Sl. 14/
dobro je sauvan (nedostaje mu
etvrtina); sastavljen je od krupnoga
kamenja; poneko je visoko/iroko 1 m.
Ono je pravilno nanizano uglavnom u
jednom redu. Pri konstrukciji ovog
humka, prije podizanja obzida i
nasipavanja ograenog prostora, ivac
kamena bio je poravnat i njegove udubine
izravnate nasutom tamnosmeom
zemljom sa sitnim kamenjem, u kojoj je
bilo dosta ulomaka keramike i
ivotinjskih kostiju. Taj nasip, koji je
nalegao na matinu stijenu (slojnicu Sl. 23. Nadin, humak 13, gr. 3 (snimio: M. Parica,
vapnenca) s crvenicom u njezinim 2004.).
udubinama, ima deb. oko 30 cm. Grobovi Fig. 23. Nadin, burial mound 13, gr. 3 (photo: M.
(i obzid) podignuti su, dakle, nad Parica 2004).
nasipom, djelomino i nad matinom
Burial mound 13 was heavily
stijenom izravno. U nasipu su
damaged.50 Its extant diameter measures
mjestimino rasporeene crnkaste
about 12 m (i.e. 11 m on the basis of preserved
povrine, poput paljevine, koje se vide i
enclosing wall) and its height is 0,70 1,05 m.
ispod obzida i pojedinih grobova; one
It consisted of large stones and great amount
upuuju na obredne radnje. Moe se pri
of dark brown soil /Fig. 13./. The enclosing
tome pretpostaviti razbijanje posuda i wall /Fig. 14/ is well preserved (one quarter is
njihovo razbacivanje po tlu; jer, naena je missing); it consists of large stones, some of
vrlo velika koliina njihovih ulomaka u which measure 1 m in height/width. They
svim dijelovima humka, to istie vanost were regularly arranged mostly in one course.
recipijenata vjerojatno u razliitim When this burial mound was constructed, the
fazama pogreba, no, bez sumnje ve u bedrock had been flattened and its cavities had
poetnoj fazi gradnje humka, prije been leveled with dark brown soil which
50 Veina kamenja s njega odnesena je; pojedini su 50 Most stones from this burial mound were taken
grobovi djelomino virili na povrini humka. Svi su away; certain graves were parially exposed on the
grobovi bili vie ili manje oteeni; svi su bez surface of the burial mound. All graves were more or
poklopca. less damaged; they were all without lids.
33
podizanja obzida i veine grobova. 51 contained small rocks, many pottery sherds
Povrh ovog nasipa i grobova prostire se and animal bones, before the enclosing wall
ostatak plata humka: sloj kamenja i was raised and the enclosure was filled up.
zemlje koji je nejednolino rasporeen This deposit which is about 30 cm thick,
(sauvan) po humku. covered the source rock (limestone layer)
Nalaz mjestimino rasporeene which contained red soil in its cavities.
Graves and enclosing wall were raised on this
crnkaste zemlje/paljevine podsjea na
fill, and partially also on the source rock. In
situaciju u nadinskom humku 8 /Sl. 4/,
the fill there are some blackish surfaces in
podno SI padine nadinske Gradine, iz 9.6.
places, resembling soot, which are also
st. pr. Kr.52 Tu je paljevina (debljine 1030 visible under the enclosing wall and some
cm) s dosta keramike i nagorenih graves; they point to ritual activities. One can
kamenia, naena ispod obzida.53 Tijekom assume they implied breaking pottery and
eljeznog doba, pri poravnavanju povrine scattering the sherds on the floor since great
(ukljuujui i grubo klesanje matine amount of sherds were found in all parts of
stijene), na koju e biti postavljen obzid i the burial mound, which emphasizes the
nasut humak (humak 8 i 13 u Nadinu), ali i importance of recipients probably in different
znatno ranije (cetinski humak 6, SZ od phases of a funeral, undoubtedly as early as
Nadina, bez sauvanih grobova /Sl. 9/), the initial phase of the construction of the
najvjerojatnije su se odvijali obredi koji su burial mound, before the enclosing wall and
ukljuivali vatru. Slini obredi vjerojatno su most of the graves were made.51 Above this
postojali i u drugim fazama koritenja fill and graves there is the remain of the upper
pojedinog humka. Je li tu bio prakticiran i layer of the burial mound: layer consisting of
rocks and soil which was unevenly distributed
(preserved) on the burial mound.
51 Odavna je uoena pojava vjerojatno obrednog Find of scattered blackish soil/soot is
razbijanja keramikih posuda oko grobova u similar to the situation in burial mound 8
liburnskim humcima u Dalmaciji; (. BATOVI, /Fig. 4/ at the foot of northeastern slope of
1990, 83.) Vee koliine, vjerojatno hotimice
razbijanih keramikih posuda, ponekad su naene i u
humcima bez grobova, npr. u maloj skupini od tri 51 Breaking of ceramic vessels, probably as a part of
humka iz Dobropoljaca; (. BATOVI, 1990, 83.) a ritual, around graves in Liburnian burial mounds
Slian ritual unitavanja keramikih recipijenata was noticed long time ago; . BATOVI, 1990, 83;
primjetan je u humcima s pokopom iz bronanog Great amounts of probably intentionally broken
doba. U humku cetinske kulture iz Podvrja naena ceramic vessels were noticed in burial mounds from
je, uz dosta ulomaka keramike po cijeloj povrini the Bronze Age. In the burial mound of the Cetina
humka, i jedna posuda s probuenim dnom, koja se culture from Podvrje a vessel with perforated
vjerojatno koristila u nekom obredu libacije. U bottom was found among many sherds distributed
spomenutom humku bilo je i sjemenje divlje loze; . across the surface of the burial mound. This vessel
BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 42, 58; Recipijenti was probably used in some libation ritual. Wild
koji su ovdje, u grobnom kontekstu, razbijani grape pips were found in this burial mound as well;
sigurno su sadravali neku (rtvenu) tvar. . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 42, 58; Recipients
52 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8082. which were broken in a funeral context definitely
53 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8082. contained certain (sacrificial) substances.
34
Sl. 25. Gr. 15, humak 13, Nadin detalj (snimio: .

Vrki, 2004.).
Fig. 25. Gr. 15, burial mound 13, Nadin detail
Sl. 24. Gr. 6, humak 13 u Nadinu detalj (snimio: . (photo: . Vrki, 2004).
Vrki, 2004.).
Fig. 24. Gr. 6, burial mound 13 in Nadin detail
(photo: . Vrki, 2004).
obred blizak funerarnoj gozbi? Npr. u

humku 13, uz gr. 1, na dub. od 60 cm (tj.
ispod razine groba i meu matinom
stijenom) postoji manja povrina (oko 0,50
m) crnkaste zemlje (paljevine) s dosta
keramikih ulomaka (oko 200 kom.),
pomijeanih sa ivotinjskim kostima (i
zubima krupnijih ivotinja), od kojih su
neke nagorene. Slian sloj, s veom Sl. 26. Gr. 2, humak 13 u Nadinu detalj (snimio: .
koliinom keramike, nalazio se uz Vrki, 2004.).
unutranji rub obzida, posred SZ kvadranta, Fig. 26. Gr. 2, burial mound 13 in Nadin (detail)
(photo: . Vrki, 2004).
na povrini 2 x 1 m, deb. oko 20 cm. Inae,
ivotinjske kosti rasute su gotovo u svim Gradina in Nadin dated to the period from the
dijelovima humka 13, no njihova analiza 9th to 6th centuries BC.52 In this case soot
nije pruila uvjerljive podatke o (1030 cm thick) with a lot of pottery sherds
intenzivnijem mesarenju, spaljivanju ili and burnt rocks was found under the
drugim srodnim obrednim (gozbenim) enclosing wall.53 In the Iron Age rituals
radnjama u prostoru humka.54 involving fire probably took place here, while
Taj humak, sa svojih 19 grobova, the terrain was leveled (including rough
primjer je najbrojnijega liburnskog pokopa carving of the source rock) in order to erect
pod humcima. U humku iz ninskog Zatona the enclosing wall and the burial mound
(burial mounds 8 and 13 in Nadin), and also
54 Elaborat Zooarheoloka analiza ostataka
kraljenjaka s liburnskog nalazita Nadin Tumul 52 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8082.
13 uinio je S. Radovi, Zavod za paleontologiju i
53 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8082.
geologiju kvartara HAZU, Zagreb, 2009 (163).
35
considerably earlier (Cetina burial mound 6,

NW of Nadin, without preserved graves /Fig
9/). Similar rituals probably existed in other
phases of use of certain burial mounds. Was a
ritual similar to funeral feast practised here?
E.g. in burial mound 13, next to grave 13, on
the depth of 60 cm (i.e. under the level of the
grave and in between the source rock) there
was a smaller surface (about 0,50 m) of
blackish soil (soot) with a lot of pottery sherds
(almost 200 pieces) mixed with animal bones
(and teeth of larger animals) some of which
Sl. 27. Brodolika fibula iz gr. 2, humak 13, Nadin were burnt. Similar layer with greater amount
(crte: I. ondi, 2005.).
of pottery was found near the inner edge of
Fig. 27. Boatshaped fibula from grave 2, burial
mound 13, Nadin (drawing: I. ondi, 2005).
the enclosing wall, in the center of the NW
quadrant, on the surface of 2 x 1 m, about 20
bilo je 18, a u humku iz Vrsi 8 grobova.55 cm thick. Animal bones were scattered in
Rijedak je velik broj grobova u liburnskim almost all segments of burial mound 13.
However analysis of these bones did not offer
humcima. Jo se ne moe definirati karakter
convincing data about intensive butchering
(obiteljski ?, gentilni ?) grupnih liburnskih
and burning, and other similar ritual (festive)
pokopa pod humcima.56 activities in the area of burial mound 13.54
Zbog slabe istraenosti nisu uoene This burial mound with 19 graves is an
zakonitosti u planimetriji liburnskih humaka example of the greatest number of Liburnian
s vie grobova; samo je bio nasluen raspored burials under a mound. In the burial mound
donekle krunog nizanja grobova.57 Taj from Zaton near Nin there were 18 graves, and
raspored kolektivnog pokopa u dva in the burial mound from Vrsi 8 graves.55 Great
viemanje prostorno definirana koncentrina number of graves in Liburnian burial mounds
kruga na prostoru sjeverne Dalmacije prvi je appears rarely. For now it is impossible to
put otkriven u iskopanom liburnskom humku define the character (family?, gentile?) of
8 iz Vrsi Kosa kod Mula,58 no, nije jasno Liburnian group burials under mounds.56
54 Report Zooarchaeological analysis of
55 . BATOVI, 1973, 29; . BATOVI, 1983, 31.
vertebrates from the Liburnian site of Nadin
56 Analiza DNK osteolokih ostataka iz humka 13 iz tumulus 13 was written by S. Radovi, Institute for
Nadina, koja je u tijeku, moda e pridonijeti Quarternary Paleontology and Geology of the
rasvjetljavanju ovog problema. Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Zagreb
57 . BATOVI, 1987, 358. 2009 (163).
58 U ovom humku prilozi su postojali samo u tri 55 . BATOVI, 1973, 29; . BATOVI, 1983, 31.
groba; u jednom je bio privjesak od spondila 56 Analysis of DNA osteological remains from the
(spondylus); . BATOVI, 1973, 2930; Privjesak burial mound 13 from Nadin which is underway
od cardium koljke naen je u nadinskom humku 13 might contribute to better understanding of this
(gr. 9). problem.
36
Sl. 28. Snimka iz zraka cele I na nadinskoj nekropoli na ravnome (2006.).

Fig. 28. Aerial view of cella I at the Nadin flat necropolis (2006).
koliko taj raspored, slian onomu u humku kod Regular patterns in the planimetry of
Lopara na Rabu, ali i samom nadinskom Liburnian burial mounds with several graves
humku 13, odraava neke aspekte were not noticed due to unsatisfying level of
sociopolitikog ustroja liburnskog drutva, a exploration, only the distribution of
koliko je pak uvjetovan drugim razlozima, roundish arranging of graves was
ukljuujui i pojavu dugotrajnoga, stoljetnog assumed.57 This distribution of a collective
pokapanja unutar zadanoga, kruno burial in two more or less concentrical circles
koncipiranog (svetog) prostora. was discovered for the first time in northern
Nadinski humak 13 potvruje Dalmatia in the excvated Liburnian burial
postojanje te krune sheme, tonije, mound 8 from Vrsi Kosa near Mulo;58
svojevrsnih koncentrinih krugova u however it is not clear if this distribution,
rasporedu grobova. Shema istie dva similar to the one from the burial mound near
prostorna prstena, s jasno naglaenim Lopar on the island of Rab, and the Nadin
sreditem humka. U samom sreditu su tri
57 . BATOVI, 1987, 358.
groba (5, 6, 9), do njih, u prvom
58 In this burial mound grave goods were found in
koncentrinom krugu je veina grobova
only three graves; a spondylus pendant was in one of
(zgreni), dok je u vanjskom krugu, uz rub them; . BATOVI, 1973, 2930.
37
humka nanizano est grobova. Dva burial mound 13, reflects some aspects of
spaljena, osobito gr. 4 /Sl. 1719/, takoer sociopolitical organization of Liburnian
gravitiraju vanjskom krugu. Isprueni society, or it might be caused by different
pokojnici proteu se od sjevernog ruba SI reasons, including the phenomenon of
kvadranta do sjevernog ruba JZ kvadranta. longterm, centennial interring inside of a
Periferni smjetaj ispruenih pokojnika defined, circularly shaped (holy) area.
ponavlja se i u nadinskom humku 12, iz Burial mound 13 from Nadin confirms
kasnoga bronanog i eljeznog doba, koji je existence of this circular scheme, or to be
prostorno najblii humku 13; meutim, u precise certain kind of concentrical circles in
humku 8 iz eljeznog doba isprueni the distribution of graves. The scheme
emphasizes two spatial rings with distinctly
pokojnici razmjeteni su u razliitim
pronounced center of the burial mound. Three
prostornim segmentima; nisu iskljuivo
graves (5, 6, 9) are in the center; most of the
vezani za pojas uz obzid.59 Kao i nadinski graves (crouched) are in the first concentrical
humak 12 (sa 6 grobova), sa sredinjim circle whereas six graves are in the outer
grobom (s najmanje tri zgrena pokojnika) i circle, near the burial mound edge. Two
s 5 grobova (ispruenih pokojnika, bez cremation graves, especially grave 4 /Fig. 17
arhitekture) oko njega kruno 19/ are closer to the outer circle. Graves with
rasporeenih, nadinski humak 13 istie
60 skeletons in an extended position are
vanost sredita i krunog oblika. distributed from the northern edge of the NE
Pokapanje pokojnika u ispruenom quadrant to the northern edge of the SW
poloaju uglavnom se smjetalo u mlaa quadrant. Peripheral position of the graves
razdoblja liburnske kulture (4.1. st. pr. with an extended position appears in burial
Kr.), i kasnije, u doba poodmakle mound 12 from Nadin as well from the Late
romanizacije (Dobropoljci Lovaka Bronze and Iron Ages which is spatially the
closest to burial mound 13; however in burial
glavica: R 1112,5 m, vis. 0,85 m, gr. 2;61
mound 8 from the Iron Age graves with an
Dobropoljci Jaruv, poloaj Greblje,62 i extended position appear in different
dr.), kada u njezin kult mrtvih, s segments, they were not concentrated solely
59 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8182. near the enclosing wall.59 As well as burial
60 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8283. mound 12 from Nadin (with 6 graves), burial
mound 13 from Nadin also emphasizes the
Jedan od ispruenih pokojnika (gr. 6) bio je pokopan
s krivim noembodeom. importance of a center and of circular shape
61 Uz grob bez arhitekture iz eljeznog doba sa with its central grave (with at least three
zgrenim pokojnikom bio je podignut grob od crouched skeletons) and five graves
kamenih ploa s ispruenim pokojnikom bez priloga, (extended skeletons, without architecture)
koji je moda iz rimskog doba; . BATOVI, 1960, surrounding it in a circular formation.60
T. XII, 82, 84.
62 Od dva groba, ukopana u zdravicu, gr. 1 je bio 59 . BATOVI I. ONDI, 2005, 8182.
zgrenac (?) sa krinjom od ploa, dok je gr. 2, 60 . BATOVI I. ONDI, 2005, 8283; One of
takoer s arhitekturom od kamenih ploa, sadravao
ispruenog pokojnika; . BATOVI, 1960, T. XIII. the deceased in an extended position (grave 6) was
Sl. 12, 81. buried with a bent knifedagger.
38
Sl. 29. Snimka iz zraka istraene cele I na SZ padini nadinske gradine (AeroPixel, 2009.).
Fig. 29. Aerial view of the explored cella I on the NW slope of the hillfort in Nadin (AeroPixel, 2009).
prevladavanjem zgrenog pokopa, prodiru Burials of the deceased in an extended

novi elementi pod helenistikim strujanjima position were usually dated to the later periods
(V. Mrdakovica, Dragii,63 Nadin, gr. 1, 2, of the Liburnian culture (41 cent. BC) and
3) ili moda pod utjecajem susjednih Japoda later, to the period of advanced Romanization
(Dobropoljci Lovaka glavica: R 1112, 5
(Kastav, Grobie Grobnik64). Ali, u
m, height 0,85 m, gr. 2;61 Dobropoljci Jaruv,
nekropoli Gradine kod Dragiia isprueni
pokop prevladava ve u najstarijim position Greblje,62 etc.) when the crouched
grobnicama (esto usjeenim u prirodnu 61 Next to the grave without architecture from the Iron
liticu), s viestrukim ukopima, izvana Age with a crouched position of the deceased, a grave
obiljeenim kruno poslaganim kamenjem, was made of stone slabs with an extended position of
od kraja 6.3. st. pr. Kr.65 Isprueni pokop the deceased, without grave goods, which may belong
to the Roman period.
62 Out of two graves dug into bedrock, gr. 1 contained
63 Z. BRUSI, 2000, T. XX, 11. a skeleton in a crouched (?) position in a stone cist,
whereas gr. 2 also with architecture of stone slabs
64 . BATOVI, 1987, 356; M. BLEI, 2002, contained an extended skeleton; . BATOVI, 1960,
65146; M. BLEI, 2004, 82. 81, T XIII, Fig. 12.
39
position was abandoned and new

elements under Hellenistic
influences penetrated into the cult
of the dead (V. Mrdakovica,
Dragii,63 Nadin, gr. 1, 2, 3) or
perhaps under the influences of
neighbouring Iapodes (Kastav,
Grobie Grobnik).64 However
in the necropolis of Gradina near
Dragii the extended burial is
prevalent in the earliest graves
(often cut into a natural cliff) with
multiple burials which were
marked on the outside by
circularly arranged stones, dated
from the 6th to 3rd centuries
BC.65 Naturally, extended burial
continued in a new, younger type
of Hellenistic rectangular (built
in) graves 20, 22, 24 (similar to
the ones from Velika Mrdakovica
or Nadin (gr. 1 and 2 /Fig. 4647/)
which were built of dresed stones
Sl. 30. Tlocrt nadinske Gradine (prema: J. Chapman R. S. Shiel (with or without mortar) and
. Batovi, 1996.). marked on the surface (?) i.e.
Fig. 30. Layout of Gradina in Nadin (after: J. Chapman R. S. enclosed by massive blocks,
Shiel . Batovi, 1996).
approximately from the 2nd
century BC.66
ovdje se, dakako, nastavlja u novom, Graves from Nadin (15, 17, 19, 16,
mlaem tipu helenistikih pravokutnih 14, 18) from burial mound 13 /Fig. 11/, and
(uzidanih) grobnica 20, 22, 24 (poput onih certain graves from the Nadin burial
iz Velike Mrdakovice ili Nadina (gr. 1 i 2 mound 8 (9th6th cent. BC), as well as
/Sl. 4647/) koje su graene od klesanoga graves in burial mound 11 from the Late
kamenja (u suho ili s vezivom) i na povrini Bronze Age (?), and in burial mound 12
(?) obiljeene, tj. ograene masivnim (probably 11th4th/3rd cent. BC) from
blokovima, negdje od 2. st. pr. Kr.66
Nadinski grobovi (15, 17, 19, 16, 63 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 11, Pl. XX .
14, 18) u humku 13 /Sl. 11/, ali i pojedini 64 . BATOVI, 1987, 356; M. BLEI, 2002,
65146; M. BLEI, 2004, 82.
65 Z. BRUSI, 2000, T. XII, T. XVI, T. XXV, 1, 6. 65 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 1, 6 Pl. XII, TXVI, Pl. XXV.
66 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 11. 66 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 11.
40
Sl. 31. Tlocrt cele I (crte: 2009.).

Fig. 31. Layout of cella I (drawing from 2009).
41
Sl. 32. Popreni i uzduni presjek cele I (crte: 2009.).

Fig. 32. Transversal and longitudinal crosssections of cella I (drawing from 2009).
grobovi u nadinskom humku 8 (iz 9.6. st. Nadin,67 indicate that extended burial was
pr. Kr.), zatim grobovi u humku 11 koji su iz not that rare and that it should not be
kasne bronce (?), te u humku 12 (vjerojatno related solely to the final phase of the
od 11. do 4.3. st. pr. Kr.) iz Nadina,67 Liburnian culture. In burial mound 13 some
upuuju na zakljuak da isprueni pokop i extended burials belong to the very
nije tako rijedak i da ga ne treba vezivati beginning of the Liburnian culture (gr. 17,
iskljuivo za zadnju fazu liburnske kulture. with a twistedbow fibula /Fig. 1516/).
U humku 13 neki isprueni pokopi pripadaju Grave 15 /Fig. 15, Fig. 25/ with an
extended position of the deceased is the
samom poetku liburnske kulture (gr. 17, s
richest burial in burial mound 13. All
lunom fibulom tordiranog luka /Sl.
burials from Nadin dated to the Bronze and
1516/). Grob 15 /Sl. 15, Sl. 25/ s
Iron Ages with extended burials lack grave
ispruenim pokojnikom najbogatiji je pokop
architecture.
u humku 13. Svi su nadinski pokopi iz In burial mound 13 which can be dated
bronanog i eljeznog doba s ispruenim to the Early Iron Age (9th6th cent. BC),
pokojnicima bez grobne arhitekture. crouched (probably in 11 graves) and
U humku 13, u kojem se pokapalo extended burials (in 6 graves) appear
kroz starije eljezno doba (9.6. st. pr. Kr.) simultaneously as well as the cremation
koegzistiraju, dakle, zgreni (vjerojatno u 11 burials (two graves). For now this is the only
grobova) i isprueni pokojnici (u 6 Liburnian example of close spatial and
grobova), te oni spaljeni (dva groba). Za chronological relation between the mentioned
sada, to je jedini liburnski primjer uske types of burials in a burial mound. After the
67 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 83. 67 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 83.
42
prostorne, ali i vremenske povezanosti Early Bronze Age, and the Cetina culture
navedenih tipova pokapanja u humku. (Ervenik,68 burial mound in Podvrje,69 burial
Nakon ranoga bronanog doba, konkretno, mound 1 on the hillfort Stanine Nadin,70
cetinske kulture (Ervenik,68 humak u Krneza Duevia glavica71) /Fig. 79/ these
Podvrju,69 humak 1 na gradini Stanine are the first examples of cremation of the
Nadin,70 Krneza Duevia glavica71) /Sl. deceased in the Iron Age in the northern
Dalmatia region. Burial mound 13 from Nadin
79/ ovo su prvi primjerci spaljivanja umrlih
is the first example of biritualism (under burial
tijekom eljeznog doba na prostoru sjeverne
mounds) from the Iron Age; biritualism in a
Dalmacije. Humak 13 iz Nadina prvi je,
Bronze Age burial mound was discovered for
dakle, otkriven primjer biritualnosti (pod
the first time in northern Dalmatia in Krneza
humcima) iz eljeznog doba: biritualnost
Duevia glavica /Fig. 8/.72 But in burial
pak u jednom humku iz bronanog doba prvi
mound 13 from Nadin cremation in ceramic
je put u sjevernoj Dalmaciji otkrivena u urns cannot be precisely dated /Fig. 17/.
Krnezi Duevia glavica /Sl. 8/.72 Ali, u Cremation of the deceased in the ceramic urn
nadinskom humku 13 spaljivanje u was recently dated to the 8th century BC in
keramikim arama jo nije precizno one case (Krneza Jokina glavica).73 Urns
datirano /Sl. 17/. U najnovije vrijeme, u from Nadin are large vessels (the larger
liburnskoj kulturi spaljivanje pokojnika u measures 43,5 cm in height /Fig. 18/), of
keramikoj urni ipak je u jednom sluaju coarse fabric, undecorated, with pronounced
(Krneza Jokina glavica) datirano u 8. st. belly, two horizontal handles and an everted
pr. Kr.73 Nadinske are velike su posude rim.
(vea je vis. 43,5 cm /Sl. 18/) grube su Similar combination of identical
fakture, neukraene, naglaena trbuha s positions of the deceased (crouched,
dvije horizontalne ruke, razvraena oboda. extended), i.e. of the rituals of burying
Slina kombinacija istih poloaja (cremation, inhumation) is noticeable in quite
pokojnika (zgren, ispruen), odnosno different context dated to the 4th and 3rd
rituala pokapanja (spaljivanje, inhumacija) centuries BC,74 in gr. 4 in the flat necropolis at
primjetna je u gr. 4 u nekropoli na ravnome the foot of hillhort from Gradii. Grave 4,
podno gradine iz Dragiia, dodue u i.e. grave with three burials, belongs to a
potpuno razliitom kontekstu, tek iz 4.3. st.
68 W. BUTTLER, 1932, 354364.
68 W. BUTTLER, 1932, 354364. 69 . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 564.
69 . BATOVI S. KUKO, 1988, 564. 70 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8685.
70 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 8685. 71 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a (in print).
71 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a (u tisku). 72 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a (in print).
72 K. GUSAR D. VUJEVI, 2010a (u tisku). 73 Four urns with cremated remains covered with a stone
73U humku su otkrivene etiri urne pokrivene slab were discovered in the burial mound. The burials were
dated by radiocarbon (C14) analysis to the year 800 BC; B.
kamenom ploom sa spaljenim pokojnicima: pokopi
MARIJANOVI, 2009 ( in print).
su datirani metodom C14 u 800. g. pr. Kr.; B.
74 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 8.
MARIJANOVI, 2009 (u tisku).
43
pr. Kr.74 Grob 4, tonije grobnica s tri group of graves with unusual architecture on
pokopa, spada u skupinu grobova s Dragii. These are rectangular or oval spaces,
neobinom arhitekturom na Dragiiu. To su often their bottoms are cut into the bedrock,
etvrtasti ili ovalni prostori, svojim dnom on the surface they are surrounded by an
esto usjeeni u ivac, a na povrini zemlje ovally arranged group of stones.75 The
ograeni ovalno postavljenim nizom uppermost burial in the grave (4A) is typically
Liburnian, in a crouched position with a cist,
kamenja.75 Najgornji pokop u grobu (4A)
underneath is the cremation burial (4B), and
tipino je liburnski, sa zgrenim
finally, the one in an extended position (4C).
pokojnikom sa krinjom, ispod njega slijedi
In both cremation graves (4, 13) from
spaljeni pokop (4B) i, napokon, onaj s burial mound 13 from Nadin an urn with bones
ispruenim pokojnikom (4C). was placed directly into the earth. Cremation
U oba spaljena groba (4, 13) u grave 4 with two big ceramic urns was found in
nadinskom humku 13, ara s kostima the southeastern quadrant, and grave 13 in the
poloena je izravno u zemlju. Spaljeni grob southwestern /Fig. 11/. Cremation graves,
4, s dvije velike keramike are, nalazi se u similar to the extended ones, do not have any
jugoistonom, a gr. 13 u jugozapadnom architecture, but they are enclosed by a row of
kvadrantu /Sl. 11/ Spaljeni grobovi, poput stones. They do not contain grave goods, except
onih ispruenih, nemaju, dakle, arhitekturu; for one decorative pin in gr. 4, in urn 2 /Fig. 18/,
no izvana su omeeni nizom kamenja. and some tiny pieces of bronze sheet (gr. 13).
Nemaju ni priloge, osim jedne ukrasne igle However most graves, 10 or perhaps
u gr. 4, u ari /Sl. 18/, odnosno vrlo even 11 (all with crouched burials) were
usitnjenih dijelova bronanog lima (gr. 13). enclosed by a row of stones, usually
Ipak, veina grobova, njih 10, a unworked. Only gr. 3 had a stone cist made of
moda i 11 (svi sa zgrenim kosturima), bila four vertically placed natural slabs /Fig. 23/.
je ograena nizom kamenja, najee Graves 1 and 9 /Fig. 21/ had only two such
neobraenog. Samo je gr. 3 imao grobnu slabs whereas their other sides were made of
krinju od etiri okomito poloene prirodne unworked and irregular stones.
ploe /Sl. 23/. Grobovi 1 i 9 /Sl. 21/ imali su Multiple burial in a single grave, flat
samo po dvije takve ploe, dok su im ostale or under a burial mound, is rare in the
stranice bile od neobraena i nepravilna Liburnian culture particularly in its earlier
kamenja. phases. Most frequently individuals or small
Viestruki pokop u jednom grobu, groups were buried.76 Multiple burials are
bilo pod humkom ili na ravnome, rijedak je usually interpreted as family tombs, with
u liburnskoj kulturi, osobito u njezinim monumental funerary construction, mainly
starijim fazama. Najee su se pokapali from the last phase of the Liburnian culture
pojedinani pokojnici ili pak nekolicina.76 (V. Mrdakovica,77 Dragii, Nadin).
75 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 69, Pl. IIIVI.
74 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 8. 76 . BATOVI, 1987, 357.
75 Z. BRUSI, 2000, T. IIIVI, 69. 77 Z. BRUSI, 1976, 116; Z. BRUSI, 1980,
76 . BATOVI, 1987, 357. 1112, Pl. III, Pl. VIIVIII, Pl. X.
44
In burial mound 13 from Nadin

where most (15) graves contained a single
burial, in gr. 1 five individuals were buried,
whereas in grave 9 minimally ten adults and
two children were interred. 78 Although
several skeletons in the burial mound were
exceptionally well preserved, with almost
all osteological elements, the condition of
the majority of bone remains was poor
which is why it was difficult to determine
Sl. 33. Jugoistoni dio cele I s razbacanim ulomcima

kamenja, arhitektonskih spomenika i crnkastim
slojem zemlje SI od etvrtastog postamenta
(snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).
Fig. 33. Southeastern segment of cella I with
scattered fragments of stones, architectural
monuments and blackish layer of soil NE of the
rectangular base (photo: M. elhar, 2009).
Viestruki ukopi obino se vezuju za

obiteljske grobnice, s monumentalnom
grobnom konstrukcijom, uglavnom iz
zadnje faze liburnske kulture (V.
Mrdakovica,77 Dragii, Nadin).
U nadinskom humku 13, gdje je
veina (15) grobova imala jednostruki
pokop, u gr. 1 pokopano je 5 pokojnika,
dok je u gr. 9 bilo minimalno 10 odraslih
osoba i dvoje djece.78 Iako je nekoliko
kostura u humku bilo jako dobro
ouvano, s prisutnim gotovo svim Sl. 34. Ulomak arhitektonskog spomenika ukraenog
kotanim elementima, stanje veine zoomorfnim motivom (snimila: M. elhar, 2005.).
kosturnih ostatka je loe. Stoga je Fig. 34. Fragment of an architectural monument
decorated with a zoomorphic motif (photo: M.
elhar, 2005).
77 Z. BRUSI, 1976, 116; Z. BRUSI, 1980, T. III,
T. VIIVIII, T. X, 1112.
78 Antropololu analizu kostiju uradila je P. 78 Anthropological analysis of the bones was perfor-
Rajiikanji, 2005, 128, s Instituta za med by P. Raji ikanji 2005, 128, from the
antropoloka istraivanja u Zagrebu; izvjetaj je Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb;
saeto publiciran: P. RAJIIKANJI, Coll. brief report was published: P. RAJIIKANJI,
Antropol. 30/2006, 795799. Coll. Antropol. 30/2006, 795799.
45
Sl. 35. JI zid cele I podignut nad grobovima 14, 19 (crte: 2009.).
Fig. 35. SE wall of cella I built on graves 14, 19 (drawing from 2009).
odreivanje dobi i spola prisutnih the age and sex. Nevertheless

individua bilo oteano. Antropolokom anthropological analysis identified 37
analizom ipak je identificirano 37 individuals, six of which were children
individua, od toga estero djece (16,2 %)79 meaning that this burial mound
(16,2%).79 Ovaj nadinski humak stoga from Nadin contained the greatest number
ima i najvei broj pokopanih pokojnika of buried individuals among all Liburnian
meu liburnskim humcima. burial mounds.
Grave 9 (a family tomb?) is located
Grob 9 (obiteljska grobnica?) nalazi
almost in the center of the burial mound, in a
se gotovo u sreditu humka, u skupini
group of graves (5, 6, 9); it is rectangular
grobova (5, 6, 9); pravokutna je oblika (du.
(length 93 cm, width 4660 cm; depth ca. 65
93; ir. 4660 cm; dub. oko 65 cm), bez
cm), without a lid. Its architecture consists
poklopca, s arhitekturom sastavljenom mainly of larger unworked stones. Poorly
uglavnom od veega neobraenog kamenja. preserved remains of individual skeletons
Prilino loe sauvani ostatci pojedinanih were found all the way to the bottom of the
kostura naeni su sve do dna groba /Sl. 21/. grave /Fig. 21/. In grave 9 the deceased were
U grobu 9 mrtvi su se pokapali jedan iznad buried one above the other over a longer
drugoga kroz due razdoblje, no zbog slabe period, but due to poor state of skeletons
sauvanosti kostura ne mogu se jasno preservation individual burials and original
razgraniiti pojedini pokopi i izvorna combinations of their grave goods could not
79 P. RAJIIKANJI, 2006, 795799. 79 P. RAJIIKANJI, 2006, 795799.
46
be clearly distinguished.80 Grave goods were

mostly made of metal bronze, a single
artifact was made of iron (bracelet /Fig.
20/).81 Pin with a flatly widened head and a
Sl. 36. SI. zid cele I detalj (snimila: S. Kuko, 2009.).

Fig. 36. NE wall of cella I detail (photo: S. Kuko,
2009).
kombinacija njihovih priloga.80 Prilozi u

grobu uglavnom su metalni, bronani, te Sl. 37. etvrtasti postament u celi I (snimila: M.
jedan eljezni (narukvica /Sl. 20/).81 Igla s elhar, 2009.).
ploastom proirenom glavom i kuglastim Fig. 37. Rectangular base in cella I (photo: M.
dodatkom ispod glave /Sl. 22/ ukraenim elhar, 2009).
80 Narukvica je naena (na dubini 2025 cm od 80 Bracelet was found (at the depth of 2025 cm
povrine) uz dislocirane i oteene ostatke umrlog, from the surface) near the dislocated and damaged
vjerojatno u zgrenom poloaju; zatim, u vezi s remains of the deceased, probably in a crouched
dubljim pokopima, dvije bronane pracertosoidne position; then, related to the deeper burials, two
fibule, bronana alkica, kotana igla s probuenom bronze fibulae with certain characteristics of Certosa
glavicom, probuena koljka cardium, trokutasti fibulae from the early phase of their development,
privjesak, bronana naunica od koluta ice s jednim small bronze loop, bone pin with a perforated head,
zailjenim i drugim zavinutim krajem, ulomak igle s perforated cardium shell, triangular pendant, bronze
jednom zavojnicom neke fibule. Najdublji pak earring made of coil of wire with one pointed end
kostur (oko 65 cm dub.), vrlo mlade osobe, u whereas the other end is bent, fragment of a pin with
zgrenom poloaju, poloen na ivcu, kao prilog a coil of some fibula. The deepest skeleton (about 65
imao je iglu s jednom zavojnicom neke fibule, cm deep) of a very young adult, in a crouched
naunicu ili sljepooniarku od koluta ice, naunicu position, laid on the bedrock having a pin with a coil
ili privjesak od okrugle bronane ploe, zatim, of some fibula, earring or a temple ring made of coil
ukrasnu iglu s uicom uz lijevo rame. Na priblino of wire, earring or a pendant made of round bronze
istoj dubini naena je i ogrlica u obliku vrpce od plate, and perforated decorative pin near the left
bronanog lima sa zavinutim krajevima u presjeku, shoulder as grave goods. At approximately the same
fibula sa zrnom jantara, zakrivljena igla s depth a ribbonshaped bracelet made of bronze sheet
nesauvanom uiastom glavom i, napokon, ukrasna was found as well as a fibula with an amber bead,
igla s diskasto proirenom i ploasto zaravnjenom bent pin with unpreserved perforated head and finally
glavom. decorative pin with discoid and flattened head.
81 S. KUKO M. ELHAR, 2008, Sl. 12, 89102. 81 S. KUKO M. ELHAR, 2008, 89102, Fig. 12.
47
nizom urezanih crtica, najstariji je artefakt spherical knob beneath the head /Fig. 22/
gr. 9, iz 8. st. pr. Kr.82 U ovom sredinjem decorated with a series of incised lines is the
grobu, s najveim brojem pokopanih, oldest artifact from gr. 9 dated to the 8th
pokapalo se, dakle, od 8. do 6. st. pr. Kr. century BC.82 In this central grave, with
U humku 13 bez priloga bilo je est the greatest number of interred individuals,
grobova (3, 7, 8, 11, 12, 18). Grobovi s burials were dated from the 8th to 6th
prilozima (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 16, centuries BC.
17, 19) pripadaju 9. 6. st. pr. Kr., tj. starijim In burial mound 13 there were six
graves without grave goods (3, 7, 8, 11, 12,
fazama liburnske kulture. Prilozi su
18). Graves with goods (1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 9, 10, 13,
iskljuivo nakit, dijelovi nonje (vezice za
14, 15, 16, 17, 19) belong to the period from
pojas, toke) i osobnog pribora. Najstariju
the 9th to 6th centuries BC i.e. to the earlier
fazu pokapanja iz 9. st. pr. Kr. najbolje
phases of the Liburnian culture. Grave goods
oslikava gr. 17 (s ispruenim pokojnikom, consist of jewelry, parts of attire (belt mounts,
/Sl. 16/) s 28 artefakata. Najvea koliina buttons) and personal items. The earliest
predmeta (preko 120, od ega preko 60 phase of burials from the 9th century BC is
bronanih toka) naena je u gr. 15 /Sl. 25/, best illustrated by gr. 17 (with an extended
82 This pin has certain analogies in Liburnian pins
82 Igla ima odreene analogije u liburnskim iglama from the 6th century BC (Nin, gr. 12); . BATOVI,
6. st. pr. Kr. (Nin, gr. 12); . BATOVI, 1981, 1981, 121, Fig. 1029; Formally it is closest to the
Sl.1029, 121; Formalno, ona ipak najvie asocira pins of the Liburnian twopart fibulae of the Osor
na igle u sastavu liburnskih dvodijelnih fibula tipa type dated to the 8th and 7th centuries BC; .
Osor iz 8.7. st. pr. Kr.; . BATOVI, 1981, Sl. 9; BATOVI, 1981, Fig. 9; By its basic shape it is
Inae, osnovnim oblikom igla je srodna iglama iz similar to the pins from Pannonian and Balkanic
panonskoga i balkanskoga kulturnog kruga; cultural circle; specifically, to the pin belonging to the
konkretno, igli iz mlae kulture polja sa arama later Urnfield culture from the northern Croatia
sjeverne Hrvatske (Krupae) te igli iz 8. st. pr. Kr. iz (Krupae), and the pin from the hoard Gajina Peina
ostave Gajina Peina kod Drenika, s vratom near Drenik whose neck is decorated by oblique cuts
under the flat head and sphericalbiconical knob dated
ukraenim kosim urezanim crtama ispod ploaste
to the 8th century BC, and also to the pins from other
glave i kuglastobikonina odebljanja, ali i iglama s
sites (Osredak near Bosanska Krupa, Glasinac); K.
drugih nalazita (Osredak kod Bosanske Krupe,
VINSKI GASPARINI, 1973, Pl. 100/11; Pl. 128/13;
Glasinac); K. VINSKIGASPARINI, 1973, T.
. KOBERNE, 2002, 50, 90, Fig. 19; Although pin
100/11; T. 128/13; . KOBERNE, 2002, Sl. 19, 50,
from Nadin does not have decorated neck,
90; Premda igla iz Nadina nema ukraen vrat, typologically it is very close to the pin from Iapodean
tipoloki je vrlo bliska igli iz japodskog groba iz grave from Ostroac near Cazin dated to the 8th
Ostroca kod Cazina iz 8. st. pr. Kr., sa enskom century BC with female attire (with two spiral fibulae)
nonjom (s dvije spiralne fibule), karakteristinom characteristic of the beginning of the Iron Age in the
za poetak eljeznog doba u irem balkanskom wider Balkanic circle; B. TERAN, 1987, 89, Fig.
krugu; B. TERAN, 1987, Sl. 11, 89; (Igla je 11, 89; (Pin was most likely worn on the head);
najvjerojatnije noena na glavi). Takoer, nadinska Likewise, pin from Nadin is similar to the Histrian
igla bliska je iglama sa zadebljanjem i ploastom pins with a thickening and plateshaped head from the
glavom iz 8. st. kod Histra (Pula, gr. 125) koje imaju 8th century (Pula, gr. 125) which have analogies in the
analogije na prostoru od srednje Slovenije do region from central Slovenia to northern Italy; S.
sjeverne Italije; S. GABROVEC K. MIHOVILI, GABROVEC K. MIHOVILI, 1987, 306, 308, Pl.
1987, T. XXXI/11, 306, 308. XXXI/ 11, 306, 308.
48
Sl. 38. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 11 u celi I (crte: 2009.). Sl. 39. Gr. 11 u celi I (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).
Fig. 38. Layout and crosssections of gr. 11 in cella Fig. 39. Gr. 11 in cella I (photo: M. elhar, 2009).
I (drawing from 2009).
takoer s jednostrukim ispruenim burial /Fig. 16/) with 28 artifacts. The greatest
pokopom. U grobu 9 (s 12 pokojnika) bilo je amount of objects (over 120, of which more
19 predmeta. than 60 bronze buttons) were found in gr. 15
U humku 13 otkriveni su neki novi /Fig. 25/, also with a single extended burial.
Nineteen artifacts were found in gr. 9 (with 12
liburnski artefakti: eljezna narukvica (gr. 9)
individuals).
/Sl. 20/, valjkasta ili kolutasta jantarna zrna,
In burial mound 13 some new
igla s alkom u uici glave (gr. 17, /Sl. 16/).
Liburnian artifacts were discovered: iron
U ovom kontekstu posebno se istie bracelet (gr. 9) /Fig. 20/, cylindrical or
nadinski gr. 2 s brodolikom fibulom s dva ringshaped amber beads, pin with a loop in
mala kuglasta odebljanja na rubu luka /Sl. the perforation on the head (gr. 17, /Fig. 16/).
27/. In this context it is important to mention grave
Igla s alkom vrlo slina nadinskoj 2 from Nadin with a boatshaped fibula with
poznata je iz Dragiia, meu najstarijim two little spherical knobs on the edge of the
artefaktima ove nekropole; kombinirana je s bow /Fig. 27/.
49
osebujnim dugim iglama83 u grobu 12 iz 6. A pin with a loop, which is very

5. st. pr. Kr.84 Igla (ali i fibula), bez sumnje similar to the pin from Nadin, is among the
su znaajan dio liburnske nonje vezane za oldest aftifacts from the necropolis in
Dragii; it was found together with
pokojnikovu glavu (kosu, razliita
pokrivala). Ta funkcija igala jasno je interesting long pins83 in grave 12 from the
potvrena u vie novootkrivenih nadinskih 6th and 5th centuries BC.84 Pin (and fibula)
grobova djece i odraslih: u humku 13 i na undoubtedly represent an important part of the
Liburnian attire related to the deceased
nekropoli na ravnome /Sl. 28/.
persons head (hair, different types of head
U humku 13, kao i mnogim u drugim
dress). This function of pins was firmly
nadinskim humcima,85 nije naen pokop iz confirmed in several newly discovered graves
mlaih faza liburnske kulture (5./4.1. st. pr. of adults and children in Nadin: in burial
Kr.).86 Ali, u to vrijeme intenzivno se mound 13 and at the flat necropolis /Fig. 28/.
pokapalo na nadinskoj nekropoli na In burial mound 13, just like in many
ravnome, na sjeverozapadnoj padini other burial mounds from Nadin,85 there were
Gradine /Sl. 28, Sl. 30/. Dok je nadinski no burials from the later phases of the
humak 13, usprkos svojim osobitostima, Liburnian culture (5th/4th1st cent. BC).86
pojava dobro poznata u liburnskom kultu During this period the flat necropolis in
mrtvih, sklop sastavljen od grobova i Nadin, on the northwestern slope of Gradina
arhitekture, nazvan cela I /Sl. 29, Sl. 58/, was used intensively for burials /Fig. 28, Fig.
unutar velike nadinske nekropole na 30/.
ravnome, u biti je prvi takav istraen Burial mound 13 from Nadin, despite
liburnski oblik; dao je, stoga, neka nova, its specific features, represents a well known
mada neizbjeno ograniena saznanja o phenomenon in the Liburnian cult of the dead,
strukturi jednoga liburnskog groblja na whereas composition consisting of graves and
ravnome tijekom starijega eljeznog doba, architecture, designated as cella I /Fig. 29,
zatim u helenizmu, osobito u procesu Fig. 58/, within great flat necropolis in Nadin
romanizacije liburnske zajednice. U novije stands out as the first such Liburnian form that
doba, neto od tih liburnskorimskih dodira was explored. Cella I offered some new, but
inevitably limited insights about the structure
u prostoru nekropole najbolje je zabiljeeno
of a Liburnian flat cemetery during the
u samom Zadru (Iader) na velikoj nekropoli
83 These pins have an extension at the top which is
83 Igle imaju na vrhu nastavak oblikom vrlo srodan very similar morphologically to the endings of long
zavretku dugih igala s roiima iz delmatske pins with hornshaped knobs from Delmatian
(srednjodalmatinske) kulture iz 7.6. st. pr. Kr. Usp. (Central Dalmatian) culture from the 7th and 6th
B. OVI, 1987, Sl. 26/6, 459. centuries BC. Cf.; B. OVI, 1987, 459, Fig. 26/6.
84 Z. BRUSI, 2000, T. XXIV, 12. 84 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 12, Pl. XXIV.
85 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 7883. 85 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 7883.
86 No, u nadinskomu humku 12 pokapalo se i u 86 However there are burials from the latest period
najmlaem razdoblju liburnske kulture; . of the Liburnian culture in burial mound 12 from
BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 83. Nadin; . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 83.
50
Sl. 40. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 20 u celi I (crte: 2009.). Sl. 41. Gr. 20 u celi I (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).
Fig. 40. Layout and crosssections of gr. 20 in cella Fig. 41. Gr. 20 in cella I (photo: M. elhar, 2009).
na Relji,87 no tamo je liburnska osnova na Early Iron Age, then in Hellenism, and
kojoj se provodila romanizacija, arheoloki particularly in the process of Romanization of
loije sauvana nego u Nadinu, the Liburnian community. Recently some of
kvantitativno slabije odraena u kultu the LiburnianRoman contacts in a necropolis
area were best recorded in Zadar itself (Iader),
mrtvih. I izvan sfere mrtvih, Nadin je sa
svojim spomenicima (iz rimskog doba: kult at a large necropolis at Relja;87 at this site
Liburnian basis which was romanized was
Latre,88 razliiti onomastiki ostatci), preserved less well than it was in Nadin and it
odavna uoen kao nalazite posebno was quantitatively less present in the cult of
pogodno za prouavanje odnosa izmeu the dead. Except for the sphere of the dead,
onog autohtonoga liburnskog i rimskog. U Nadin was recognized long time ago as a site
susjednoj pak Aseriji (Asseria) takoer je particularly suitable for the study of relations
slabije nego u Nadinu sauvana autohtona between the autochthonous Liburnian and
komponenta bitna u objanjenju Roman elements due to its monuments
romanizacije; posebno je problematian (Romanera ones: cult of Latra,88 different
87 I. FADI, 2006, 350; I. FADI, 2007, 166; S. 87 I. FADI, 2006, 350; I. FADI, 2007, 166; S.
GLUEVI, 2002, 383; S. GLUEVI, 2005, GLUEVI, 2002, 383; S. GLUEVI, 2005,1
1424. 424.
88 J. MEDINI, 1984, 223243. 88 J. MEDINI, 1984, 223243.
51
onomastic remains). In adjacent Asseria

autochthonous component important for the
explanation of Romanization was preserved
less well than it was in Nadin; lack of the
Liburnian forms from the earlier phases of the
Iron Age is especially problematic.89
Archaeological research of the flat
necropolis from Nadin started with an
excavation of cella I in 2005 90 and it
continued in June of 2009,91 when the cella
was explored completely.92 The necropolis
is situated on both sides of the old road, at
Sl. 42. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 15 u celi I (crte: 2009.).

Fig. 42. Layout and crosssections of gr. 15 in cella
nedostatak liburnskih oblika iz starijih faza

eljeznog doba.89
Arheoloko istraivanje nadinske Sl. 43. Gr. 15 u prostoru cele I (snimila: S. Kuko,
nekropole na ravnome poelo je iskapanjem cele I 2009.).
u 2005. godini,90 i nastavilo se u lipnju 2009.91 Fig. 43. Gr. 15 in the area of cella I (photo: S. Kuko,
2009).
kada je cela u cijelosti istraena.92 Nekropola je
89 About the remains of the Liburnian necropolis, N.
89 O ostatcima liburnske nekropole v. N. KLARIN, KLARIN, 2001, 2371; Z. BRUSI, 2005, 724.
2001, 2371; Z. BRUSI, 2005, 724. 90 Within the project of S. Kuko Cult of the dead in the
90 U sklopu projekta S. Kuko Kult mrtvih na isto- eastern Adriatic in the Iron Age, Ministry of Science and
nom Jadranu u eljezno doba, Ministarstvo ZO Education of the Republic of Croatia; S. KUKO, 2005,
Republike; S. KUKO, 2005, 307309; S. KUKO 307309; S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2006, 6572.
. BATOVI, 2006, 6572. 91 Within the project of S. Kuko Settlements and
91 U sklopu projekta S. Kuko Naselja i groblja na cemeteries in the eastern Adriatic in the Iron Age,
istonom Jadranu u eljezno doba, simboliki symbolical aspects, Ministry of Science and Education of
aspekti, Ministarstvo ZO Republike Hrvatske, uz the Republic of Croatia, with the financial support of the
financijsku pomo Grada Benkovca. town of Benkovac.
92 S. KUKO M. ELHAR, 2010, (u tisku); S. 92 S. KUKO M. ELHAR, 2010; S. KUKO M.
KUKO M. ELHAR, 2010a, (u tisku). ELHAR, 2101a, (in print).
52
smjetena s obje strane stare prometnice, the foot of Gradina (Nedinum), or to be

podno Gradine (Nedinum), tonije, izmeu precise, between Gradina and Kriova
Gradine i Kriove glavice, gradinskog glavica, hillfort settlement from the Early
naselja iz ranoga bronanog doba /Sl. 30/. Bronze Age /Fig. 30/.
Kulturni sloj u celi I preteno je Cultural layer in cella I for the most
jednolina tamna zemlja s dosta sitnog i part consists of uniform dark soil with a lot of
neto krupnijeg kamenja; nalazi se gotovo small and somewhat larger rocks; this layer
do same povrine. Jedino oko etvrtastoga can be found almost at the surface. Only
zidanog objekta povrh tog sloja je sloj around the rectangularly constructed object
sastavljen od dosta kamenja razliitih this layer was covered by another one
consisting of a lot of rocks of different sizes,
veliina, ukljuujui i arhitektonske ulomke
including architectural fragments collapsed
uruene sa zidova cele i s etvrtastog objekta
from the walls of the cella and rectangular
/Sl. 33./. U kulturnom sloju razbacana je i
object /Fig. 33/. Various, more or less
izmijeana razliita, viemanje fragmented archaeological material is
fragmentirana arheoloka graa: staklena, scattered and mixed in the cultural layer:
keramika, metalna, ljudske kosti, te glass, ceramic, metal finds, human bones and
spomenuti kameni ulomci (nadgrobni stone fragments (funerary monuments of
spomenici helenistikorimskog tipa i dr.) HellenisticRoman type etc.) are distributed
koncentrirani oko etvrtastog objekta, around the aforementioned rectangular object,
sigurno postamenta nekog spomenika ili which must have been a base of some
edikule (?). Prosjena dubina iskopa je oko monument or aedicule (?). Average depth of
1 m, a njegova najvea dubina (oko 1,6 m) the trench is around 1 m; it is deepest (ca. 1,6
na poloaju grobova 14 i 16. Na veem m) at the position of graves 14 and 16. In the
dijelu cele zdravicu ini prirodno zaravnjena larger part of the cella bedrock consists of a
i zakoena vapnenaka matina stijena, naturally flattened and sloped limestone
ponegdje s istaknutim usjeklinama i gotovo source rock, with distinct fissures and almost
pravilnim udubinama; rijetko je matina regular cavities in places; source rock was
stijena neznatno obraivana (priklesana). rarely worked (dressed). Spatial structure of
Prostorna struktura cele I, tj. nekropole the cella I, i.e. of the necropolis (especially the
(posebno arhitektura grobova) jasno je architecture of the graves) is clearly
odreena geomorfolokim osobinama determined by geomorphological
nadinskog pejsaa. U njemu su i danas characteristics of the Nadin landscape in
brojni ostatci starih kamenoloma, gdje se iz which we can still see numerous remains of
old quarries. Stone (layered type) which
vapnenakih zaravnjenih stijena u
breaks easily and regularly was taken from
graditeljske svrhe (nekropola, bedemi, stan)
these quarries, from the flattened limestone
vadio kamen (slojnice) koji se lako i
rocks for building purposes (necropolis, walls,
pravilno lomio. houses).
Kao posljedica liburnskih i rimskih As a consequence of Liburnian and
zahvata oblikovana su dva osnovna Roman interventions there are two main
prostorna dijela u celi /Sl. 31/; prvi, u spatial segments in the cella /Fig. 31/ the first,
53
in its northwestern half, with a dense netlike

pattern of burials, and the second (SE) with
the rectangular base which is dominant here;
around it and generally in the southern part of
the cella Liburnian graves are rare and mostly
devastated. The look of the second (SE) part
of the cella is for the most part conditioned by
building of the base over earlier (Liburnian)
burials.
Two basic phases of building the cella,
i.e. necropolis, can be distinguished:
Liburnian, dated to the Iron Age, and Roman,
or more precisely LiburnianRoman from the
Romanization period.
In the Roman period cella was a part of
a regular pattern of LiburnianRoman
necropolis of the planned type near the
Sl. 44. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 8 (crte: 2009.).

Fig. 44. Layout and crosssections of gr. 8 (drawing
from 2009).
njezinoj SZ polovici, s gustom mreom

pokopa, i drugi (JI), s etvrtastim
postamentom, koji ovdje dominira; oko
njega i openito u junom dijelu cele
liburnski grobovi bitno su prorijeeni i
uglavnom devastirani. Izgled drugog (JI)
dijela cele dobrim je dijelom, dakle,
uvjetovan izgradnjom postamenta nad
starijim (liburnskim) pokopima. Mogu se,
dakle, izdvojiti i pratiti dvije osnovne faze
Sl. 45. Gr. 18 i spaljeni grob 18a u keramikoj ari
izgradnje cele, odnosno, nekropole: u celi I (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).
liburnska, iz eljeznog doba, i rimska, Fig. 45. Gr. 18 and cremation grave 18a in a ceramic
tonije liburnskorimska iz vremena urn in cella I (photo: M. elhar, 2009).
54
Sl. 46. Poloaj istraenih grobova (liburnskih i spaljenih rimskih) na nadinskoj nekropoli podno Gradine
(izrada karte: I. ondi, 2009.).
Fig. 46. Position of explored graves (Liburnian and Roman cremation ones) at the Nadin necropolis at the
foot of Gradina (map by I. ondi, 2009).
romanizacije. Jer, cela je u rimsko doba bila roads (Grberstrassen). It consisted of a

sastavni dio pravilnog rastera network of rectangular grave parcels (cellae)
liburnskorimske nekropole planiranog tipa which can still be seen in places. Cellae are
uz prometnice (Grberstrassen). distributed over the surface of 500 x 100 m
Nekropola je bila sastavljena od mree delineating the road in two rows, at some
pravokutnih grobnih prostora (cele), koji se segments even in three rows. This planimetry
i danas mjestimino vide na terenu. Cele su of the necropolis was discovered by
na povrini od 500 x 100 m rasporeene oko occasional field surveys, especially from 1983
prometnice u dva niza, dijelom i u tri. Ova to 1986.93 Dimensions of the cellae were
planimetrija nekropole ustanovljena je hitherto assumed on the basis of field survey
povremenim rekognosciranjem terena, observations. Excavations in 2005 and 2009
revealed the exact dimensions of the
osobito 1983.1986.93 I dimenzije njezinih
rectangular cella measuring 14 x 6,8 m.
cela do sada su se pretpostavljale na osnovi For now it is impossible to determine
terenskog opaanja. Iskapanjima pak 2005. i precisely the beginning of the construction of a
93 J. CHAPMAN R. S. SHIEL . BATOVI, 93 J. CHAPMAN R. S. SHIEL . BATOVI ,

1996, Sl. 94, 124. 1996, Fig. 94, 124.
55
2009. god utvreno je da je pravokutna cela very large network of regular cellae. Judging
I obuhvaala povrinu od 14 x 6,8 m. from the cella I, this network was built on the
Za sada nije mogue tono earlier Liburnian necropolis which was also
vremenski odrediti poetak izgradnje vrlo planned to a certain extent. Raised on the
prostrane mree pravilnih cela; bila je Liburnian cemetery, regular Roman
podignuta, sudei prema celi I, nad starijom planimetry of cemetery only partially negated
liburnskom nekropolom, koja je takoer, u and destroyed earlier Liburnian spatial structure.
stanovitoj mjeri, bila planirana. Podignuta Enclosing walls of the cella /Fig.
nad liburnskim grobljem, pravilna rimska 3536/, rectangular base /Fig. 37/, cremated
grobna planimetrija samo djelomino je burials in urns (10, 18a, /Fig. 45, Fig. 49/) and
negirala i unitila stariju liburnsku movable monuments of the Roman type:
fragments of decorated and undecorated stone
prostornu strukturu. Drugoj rimskoj fazi,
funerary (?) monuments and small artifacts
koju je jo teko vremenski tono definirati,
belong to the second Roman phase which is
pripadaju ogradni zidovi cele /Sl. 3536/,
difficult to determine chronologically. Only
etvrtasti postament /Sl. 37/, spaljeni between the base and the NE wall of the cella,
pokopi u ari (10, 18a, /Sl. 45, Sl. 49/) i a greyish layer with ash and great amount of
pokretni spomenici rimskog tipa: ulomci animal bones was found beneath the layer
ukraenih i neukraenih kamenih with architectural fragments and the layer
nadgrobnih (?) spomenika, sitni artefakti. with dark brown soil with a lot of rubble and
Samo se izmeu postamenta i SI zida cele, small rocks. There are no signs of burials at
ispod sloja s arhitektonskim ulomcima i this spot; most likely funerary rituals took
sloja s tamnosmeom zemljom s dosta place there.94 In addition, all cremation burials
kalje i sitnog kamenja, prostirao sivkasti were found near the NE wall.95 It is
sloj s pepelom i veom koliinom impossible to ascertain which grave was
ivotinjskih kostiju. Na ovom mjestu nema marked by the rectangular base, probably
naznaka o pokapanju; vjerojatno su se tu some unpreserved cremation grave (?).
odvijali funerarni obredi.94 Takoer, uz SI The cella walls are 6065 cm thick,
zid bili su koncentrirani svi spaljeni they were made of roughly dressed and
pokopi.95 Ne moe se, meutim, zakljuiti unworked stones, of different shapes and
koji je grob etvrtasti postament sizes, mostly rectangular, bound by mortar,
oznaavao, vjerojatno neki nesauvan i arranged in horizontal courses. Horizontal
stratification and certain regularity of stones
spaljen (?).
are visible only at segments of certain walls
94 Drugaija je situacija izmeu postamenta i JZ 94 There is a different situation between the base
zida cele, gdje su sauvani ostatci pokapanja (gr. 8, and the SW wall of the cella where remains of
gr. 3 ?) i openito vea koliina razbacanih ljudskih burials were preserved (gr. 8, gr. 3?) and generally
kostiju. greater amount of scattered human bones.
95 I uz spaljeni grob 10, u razini dna urne, sauvao 95 A thin layer of soot and ash covering the area of
se tanki sloj pepela i garei na povrini od 10 x 15 10 x 15 cm was preserved near cremation burial 10,
cm. at the level of the bottom of the urn.
56
Zidovi cele iroki su 6065 cm, i.e. of entire wall surface /Fig. 36/. Walls have
graeni su od slabo klesana i neobraena two faces and the interior is filled with a
kamenja, razliitih veliina i oblika, mixture of stones, rubble and mortar (opus
uglavnom etvrtastih, vezanih bukom, incertum). The height of excavated walls is
sloenih u horizontalne nizove. around 1 m.
Sl. 47. Izbor artefakata iz nadinske grobnice 1 ( Arheoloki muzej u Zadru, snimio: I. ondi, 2007.).
Fig. 47. Selection of artifacts from grave 1 in Nadin (Archaeological Museum in Zadar, photo: I. ondi,
2007).
Horizontalna slojevitost i odreena The walls were damaged at several

pravilnost kamenja vidljivi su tek na places, and they were also interrupted in
several upper layers: in certain corners of the
dijelovima pojedinog zida, odnosno, zidnog
cella, then the wall (SW) which goes over gr.
plata u cijelosti /Sl. 36/. Imaju dva lica i
4 /Fig. 31/. Northeastern wall (at the distance
unutranjost ispunjenu mjeavinom
of 2 m from the northern corner of the cella) is
kamenja, kalje i buke (opus incertum). intersected by a course of stones, more
Visina iskopanih zidova je oko 1 m. Na precisely larger slabs, whose function remains
nekoliko mjesta su oteeni, prekinuti u unknown for now. These slabs lead to
nekoliko svojih gornjih slojeva: u nekim adjacent, unexplored (NE) cella. We can see
57
that the walls were built over certain graves

/Fig. 35/ or directly on the bedrock or on a fill
of soil and rocks. In some places, e.g. at the
segment of the northeastern wall there is a
kind of widening at the bottom, of varying
width, with a lot of mortar in places /Fig. 36/.
Enclosing walls of the cella and
rectangular base were built by using the same
technique. The base (dimensions 2,73 X 2,55
m) was erected above the layer (2030 cm
thick) of small rocks mixed with dark, and
light brown soil, above the bedrock. This layer
is particularly easily recognizable from the
Sl.48. Gr.12spokojnikomiprilozima(snimila:M.elhar,2009.). NW and SE sides of the base. It was used here
Fig. 48. Gr. 12 with a skeleton and grave goods (photo: M. partially for leveling the terrain prior to raising
elhar, 2009). the base, and the cella walls.
The base was built of several layers,
kutovima cele, zatim zid (JZ) koji ide preko mostly of mediumsized and small rocks and
gr. 4. /Sl. 31/ SI pak zid (na udaljenosti od 2 mortar. However, the stratification of its
m od S kuta cele) presijeca niz kamenja, crosssection is minor. There is a thick deposit
tonije veih ploa, za sada nejasne of mortar on the horizontal surface of the base.
funkcije, koje zalaze u susjednu, jo As opposed to the interior, the base has a more
neiskopanu (SI) celu. Zidovi su, dakle, regular face on its four outer sides, made of
podizani preko pojedinih grobova /Sl. 35/ ili roughly dressed mediumsized stones which
izravno na kamenom ivcu ili na nasipu were partially horizontally arranged. Certain
zemlje i kamenja. Ponegdje, npr. na potezu regularity (horizontality) in the arrangement
of rectangular cuboids is most evident on the
SI zida, postoji i svojevrsno temeljno
NW frontal (?) side of the object /Fig. 37/. It
proirenje, razliite irine, mjestimino s
was probably elaborated with some fine
dosta buke /Sl. 36/.
architectural elements; some of quite large
Ogradni zidovi cele i etvrtasti fragments of dressed cuboids (monument
postament graeni su istom tehnikom. base?) were found precisely around it together
Postament (dim. 2,73 x 2,55 m) podignut je with the remains of stone monuments
nad slojem (deb. 2030 cm) sitnoga decorated in relief /Fig. 38/.
kamenja pomijeanog s tamnom, odnosno, All burials in the cella are Liburnian
svijetlom smeom zemljom, nad kamenim except for two cremation burials. Nineteen
ivcem. Taj sloj osobito se dobro vidi sa SZ graves were discovered in the cella (3, 4, 5, 6,
i JI strane postamenta. On je ovdje 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 1818a,
djelomino sluio izravnavanju terena pri 19, 20). However judging from the human
podizanju postamenta, ali i zidova cele. bones scattered in the cella area, originally
Postament je zidan od nekoliko slojeva, there must have been many more. Many
uglavnom srednjeg i sitnijeg kamenja i graves were partially damaged, especially
58
buke. No, slojevitost njegova presjeka ipak

je neznatna. Na horizontalnoj plohi
postamenta debela je naslaga buke. Za
razliku od unutranjosti, izvana, sa svoje
etiri strane, postament ima pravilnije
zidano lice od priklesana kamenja, srednje
veliine, koje je djelomino horizontalno
uslojeno. Stanovita pravilnost
(horizontalnost) u slaganju etvrtastih
kvadera naoitija je na SZ, frontalnoj (?)
strani objekta /Sl. 37/. On je, najvjerojatnije,
bio nadograen nekim finijim Sl. 49. Rimski pokop u keramikoj ari, grob 10
arhitektonskim elementima; upravo oko (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).
njega naeno je, uz ostatke reljefno Fig. 49. Roman burial in a ceramic urn, grave 10
(photo: M. elhar, 2009).
ukraenih kamenih spomenika /Sl. 38/, vrlo
velikih ulomaka klesanih kvadera (baza their architecture (most lack the covering
spomenika?). slab), skeletons and grave goods are more or
Svi su pokopi u celi liburnski, osim less dislocated. These damages are mostly a
dvaju spaljenih. U celi je otkriveno 19 consequence of obviously largescale
grobova (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, interventions on the Liburnian necropolis
15, 16, 17, 1818a, 19, 20). No, sudei when Roman enclosing walls of the cella
prema ljudskim kostima razbacanim u were built as well as the base and the latest
prostoru cele, izvorno ih je moralo biti burials from the 1st and 2nd centuries BC, and
znatno vie. Dobar dio grobova djelomino also during the earlier Liburnian
centurieslong interment. Newly built cella
je oteen, posebno njihova arhitektura
walls negate the earlier situation at the
(veini nedostaje poklopna ploa); kosturi i
necropolis; specifically, they partially lie on
prilozi su viemanje dislocirani. Ta
some graves. It is most evident in the SE
oteenja uglavnom su posljedica oito section of the cella in relation to graves 14, 19,
velikih intervencija na liburnskoj nekropoli and in the NW section of the cella in relation
pri podizanju rimskih ogradnih zidova to graves 6, 20; sometimes old grave
cele, postamenta i najmlaih ukopa iz 1.2. constructions were used as a kind of a wall
st. n. Kr., ali i tijekom starijih liburnskih foundation, e.g. cella wall was built in gr. 14
stoljetnih ukapanja. Novopodignuti zidovi /Fig. 35/ or in graves 19, 20 /Fig. 35, Fig.
cele na vie mjesta negiraju stariju, 4041/.
zateenu situaciju na nekropoli; konkretno, Several skeletons were found in situ,
oni su djelomino nalegli na pojedine with more or less disturbed original position
grobove. To je openito najoitije u JI dijele (or lack) of some bones, but with
cele u vezi s grobovima 14, 19, odnosno, u accompanying grave goods: specifically, gr. 5
SZ dijelu cele u vezi s grobovima 6, 20; (childs) /Fig. 5254/, gr. 8 /Fig. 44/, gr. 11
ponekad se stare grobne konstrukcije koriste (childs) /Fig. 3839/, gr. 12 /Fig. 48/, gr. 13
59
kao svojevrsni temelj zidu, npr. zid cele /Fig. 5051/, gr. 15 (childs) /Fig. 4243/, gr.
podignut u gr. 14 /Sl. 35/, ili pak u 18 /Fig. 45/ and all cremation burials in
grobovima 19, 20 /Sl. 35, 4041/. In situ je ceramic urns (gr. 7, 10, 18a). Best preserved
ipak naeno nekoliko kostura, dakle, s vie graves are 11 and 13, with almost complete
ili manje poremeenim izvornim poloajem architecture and grave goods. Ten skeletons
(ili nedostatkom) pojedinih kostiju, ali s were found in situ, of which three children,
pripadajuim grobnim prilozima: konkretno four adults and three cremated individuals,
gr. 5 (djeji) /Sl. 5254/, gr. 8 /Sl. 44/, gr. 11 whose sex could not be determined for now.96
(djeji) /Sl. 3839/, gr. 12 /Sl. 48/, gr. 13 /Sl. There are several types of grave
5051/, gr. 15 (djeji) /Sl. 4243/, gr. 18 /Sl. architecture in cella I. A cist (with a crouched
45/ i svi spaljeni pokopi u keramikoj ari corpse lying on its side) consisting of upright
(gr. 7, 10, 18a). Najsauvaniji grobovi su 11 natural slabs with average thickness of about
i 13, s gotovo cjelovitom arhitekturom i 56 cm is most frequent (gr. 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 16,
17, 19, 20). Not a single cist was preserved
grobnim prilozima. In situ je, dakle, 10
completely; they mostly lack lids. They were
pokojnika, od ega troje djece, etvero
found, although broken and collapsed /Fig.
odraslih i tri spaljena, kojima se za sada ne
3839, Fig. 50/ on graves 11, and 13. Due to
moe utvrditi spol.96 poor condition of preservation of the
U celi I postoji nekoliko tipova architecture of grave 12 (fragments of vertical
grobne arhitekture. Najea je krinja (sa slabs and lid /Fig. 50/) existence of its cist
zgrenim pokojnikom poloenim na bok) (with a crouched corpse) is only assumed. A
sastavljena od okomito postavljenih vertical slab from grave 19 was dressed, with
prirodnih ploa prosjene deb. oko 56 cm rounded edges. In gr. 5 (dimensions 67 x 48
(gr. 4, 5, 6, 9, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20). Nije cm; depth 52 cm) which contained a crouched
cjelovito sauvana niti jedna; krinjama burial on a yellowish clay soil (bedrock?),
uglavnom nedostaju poklopnice. One su grave slabs were adjusted to the sloping
ipak naene nad grobovima 11, 13, ali bedrock, as we have seen on some other
napukle i uruene /Sl. 3839, Sl. 50/. Zbog graves. A lot of graves (4, 6, 9, 14, 16, 17, 19,
slabe sauvanosti arhitekture groba 12 20) although having a well preserved cist or
(dijelovi okomitih ploa i poklopnice /Sl. some of its characteristic details, were robbed
50/) njegova se krinja, sa zgrenim in the past which is why they contain no
pokojnikom, pretpostavlja. Jedna pak substantial cultural remains.
okomita ploa u sastavu groba 19 bila je Up to now the depth of a Liburnian
obraena, zaobljenih bridova. U grobu 5 grave cist of about 1 m was considered to be
unusual. Perhaps this pronounced depth,
(dim. 67 x 48 cm; dub. 52 cm), sa zgrenim
noticed at several graves /Fig. 32/ in the cella
pokojnikom na ukastoj glinastoj zemlji
(9095 cm, gr. 6; 80 cm, gr. 9; 91 cm, gr. 20)
(zdravica?), grobne ploe su, kao i kod
was a consequence of adjustment of the
nekih drugih grobova, prilagoene
standard Liburnian type of grave cists (1 x 0,
96 Antropoloka analiza osteolokih ostatka iz cele I 96 Anthropological analysis of osteological remains

je u tijeku. from cella I is underway.
60

Sl. 50. Ograeni prostor s ostacima kamene krinje
Fig. 51. Layout and crosssections of gr. 13
gr. 12 i velikom poklopom ploom gr. 13 ispod gr.
(drawing from 2009).
12 (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).
Fig. 50. Enclosure with the remains of a stone cist of
gr. 12 and a large cover slab of gr. 13 located
50; depth 0,500,60 m) to the needs of
under gr. 12 (photo: M. elhar, 2009). multiple (family) burial in the last (?)
centuries of the Liburnian culture. These quite
zakoenom kamenom ivcu. Dosta grobova deep graves with cists (4, 6, 20, 9 etc.) cannot
(4, 6, 9, 14, 16, 17, 19, 20), iako ima be dated for now due to lack of finds in situ.
relativno dobro sauvanu grobnu krinju ili Mixed osteological remains of different (?)
pak neke njezine karakteristine detalje, bilo individuals were found in some of them as
je ve u prolosti oieno; stoga su bez well as some cultural remains indicating their
longterm (?) use (besides, funerary stone cist
znaajnih kulturnih ostataka
similar to the Liburnian example, with
Do sada je dubina liburnske grobne
dimensions 120 x 96 cm, 80 cm deep, with a
krinje od oko 1 m smatrana
crouched corpse, and without grave goods was
neuobiajenom. Moda je ta naglaena
dated to the Middle Bronze Age with certainty
dubina, uoena kod vie grobova /Sl. 32/ u
/Fig. 8/).97
celi (9095 cm, gr. 6; 80 cm, gr. 9; 91 cm, gr.
The northeastern and northwestern
20) posljedica prilagoavanja standardnoga wall lean heavily on gr. 20, which is located in
liburnskog tipa grobnih krinja (1 x 0,50;
dub. 0,500,60 m) potrebama viestrukoga 97 See note 22.
61
(obiteljskog) pokopa u zadnjim (?) the corner of the cella. This grave has an
stoljeima liburnske kulture. Ali, ti dosta interesting semicircular row of rectangular
duboki grobovi sa krinjom (4, 6, 20, 9 i dr.) stones at the top of its stone cist /Fig. 4041/.
ne mogu se za sada datirati zbog nedostatka Originally these stones marked the grave cist
priloga in situ. U nekima od njih nalaze se in a circular formation (?); therefore they
izmijeani osteoloki ostatci razliitih (?) faintly evoke ritual of clear circular
individua, te kulturni ostatci koji bi designation of a separate grave by a row of
upuivali na njihovu dugotrajniju (?) unworked stones at the necropolis at the foot
upotrebu (osim toga, kamena grobna krinja of Gradina in Dragii98 or in Nin.99
poput liburnske, dim. 120 x 96, s dubinom In cella I there is also a well known
od 80 cm, sa zgrenim pokojnikom bez type of Liburnian grave architecture made of
priloga, sigurno je datirana ve u srednje unworked stones of different shapes and
dimensions. This type of architecture can
bronano doba /Sl. 8/).97
also be related to crouched burials which are
Gr. 20, u samom kutu cele, na koji dominant in the cella. Specifically in graves
su nalegli SI i SZ zid, na vrhu svoje 11, 13 and 15 (crouched) corpse was
kamene krinje ima zanimljiv polukruni enclosed by a row of small stones /Fig.
niz etvrtastog kamenja /Sl. 4041/. Ono je 3839, Fig. 4243, Fig. 51/ and in gr. 8
izvorno kruno (?) ograniavalo grobnu (extended) corpse was enclosed by a row of
krinju; stoga blijedo asocira na obiaj mediumsized stones /Fig. 44/. Gr. 18 did not
jasnoga krunog oznaavanja pojedinoga contain any architecture /Fig. 45/. Few
groba nizom neobraenog kamenja na extended burials (gr. 8, 18) in the cella
nekropoli podno Gradine u Dragiiu98 ili chiefly do not have well preserved or distinct
pak u Ninu99. U celi I postoji i dobro architecture. Extended burials are located
poznat tip liburnske grobne arhitekture od near the cella walls, near the northeastern,
neobraenog kamenja razliitih dimenzija i or southwestern wall.
oblika. I ta vrsta arhitekture uglavnom prati Perhaps originally there was a family
zgrence, koji su u celi dominantni. (?) burial of extended corpses (devastated gr.
3) in the cella which might have been
Konkretno, u grobovima 11, 13, 15
analogous by its architecture to the burials in
(zgreni) pokojnik bio je ograen nizom
graves 1 and 2, explored in 1968 /Fig.
sitnijeg /Sl. 3839, Sl. 4243, Sl. 51/, a u
4647/.100 Namely although in the latest
grobu 8 (isprueni) nizom srednjeg
excavations in 2005 and 2009 a lot of human
kamenja /Sl. 44/. Grob 18 nije imao
bones and archaeological, mainly Hellenistic
arhitekturu /Sl. 45/. Malobrojni isprueni
material which is typologically
pokojnici (gr. 8, 18) u celi, dakle, (chronologically) similar to the material from
uglavnom nemaju dobro sauvanu i graves 1 and 2 from Nadin (with a lot of grey
izrazitiju arhitekturu. Isprueni pokojnici
97 Vidi bilj. 22. 98 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 6, Pl. XI.

98 Z. BRUSI, 2000, T. XI, 6. 99 Z. BRUSI, 2002, 217, Fig. 7.
99 Z. BRUSI, 2002, Sl. 7, 217. 100 . BATOVI, 1990, 115, T XXV.
62
Sl. 52. Gr. 5 u sjevernom dijelu prostora cele I (snimila: S. Kuko, 2009.).
Fig. 52. Gr. 5 in northern part of the area of cella I (photo: S. Kuko, 2009).
nalaze se uza zidove cele, sjeveroistoni, relief pottery)101 were found at the place of
odnosno, jugozapadni zid. Moda je u celi the destroyed gr. 3 and in its immediate
izvorno bio i obiteljski (?) pokop surrounding, osteological remains of the
ispruenih pokojnika (devastiran gr. 3) koji deceased and architecture of gr. 3 were not
je arhitekturom eventualno bio analogan found in situ.102 We can see that the type of
pokopu u grobovima 1 i 2, istraenima burial similar to graves 1 and 2 from Nadin
1968. godine /Sl. 4647/.100 Naime, iako je was not confirmed with certainty in cella I.
i u posljednjim iskapanjima 2005., 2009. These monumental graves without
god. na mjestu unitenog gr. 3 /Sl. 31/ i u preserved lids (probably family graves with
njegovoj neposrednoj blizini naeno dosta extended burials) were made of roughly
worked massive limestone slabs (2045 cm
ljudskih kostiju i arheoloke, mahom
thick) placed vertically and horizontally
helenistike grae, koja je tipoloki
around the grave.103 Only grave 1 (length
(vremenski) srodna grai iz nadinskih gr. 1
i gr. 2 (s dosta sive reljefne keramike)101 101 . BATOVI, 1990, 124, Fig. 34.
102 The area of gr. 3 was definitely destroyed (dug over)
100 . BATOVI, 1990, T. XXV, 115.
during the Croatian War of Independence.
101 . BATOVI, 1990, Sl. 34, 124. 103 . BATOVI, 1990, 114, 121, Fig. 120, Pl. XXVI.
63
1,90; width 1,25; height 0,821,18 m) is still

recognizable, with ten skeletons, at the
position Ograda, about 100 m west of Gradina
/Fig. 46/.104
All cremation burials in the cella (gr. 7,
10, 18a) had a funerary urn. In gr. 7 it was of
coarse fabric, without grave goods so that it is
not datable. Gr. 10 is a typical Roman burial
with a ceramic urn with a lid, circularly
enclosed by a row of irregular stones /Fig. 49/.
Between the urn and enclosing stones was a
lamp with a stamp OCTAVI (late 1st and 2nd
cent. AD). Another lamp (CASII) was found
among the finds from the Roman period,
scattered across the cella (glass artifacts, stone
monuments, pottery, coins: the as of Agrippa
and Domitian).
Burial of a single deceased person is
present in all well preserved graves; however,
as previously mentioned, multiple burial
Sl. 53. Gr. 9; u drugom planu gr. 5 (snimila: M.
might have originally been represented in
elhar, 2009.). some of the devastated graves, especially the
Fig. 53. Gr. 9; in the background gr. 5 (photo: M. very deep ones (graves 6, 20, and others),
elhar, 2009). probably in grave 3 which was never precisely
located as it was dug over.
osteoloki ostatci pojedinih pokojnika i Orientation of graves is for the most
arhitekture groba 3 nisu ustanovljeni in part uniform; SENW direction is dominant,
situ.102 U celi I, dakle, jo nije sigurno which is also the direction of longitudinal
utvren tip pokopa poput gr. 1 i 2 iz walls of cella I. Only two graves deviate from
Nadina. Ti monumentalni grobovi, bez this orientation (12, 15 /Fig. 31/), laid out in
sauvanih poklopnica, vjerojatno obiteljske NESW direction.
The second basic spatial whole of the
grobnice s ispruenim pokojnicima, raeni
cella, its NW half, reflects preRoman spatial
su od neznatno klesanih masivnih kamenih
structure at its best due to Roman intervention
ploa od vapnenca (deb. 2045 cm)
postavljenih okomito i vodoravno oko 104 Recently, during 2009 grave 2 was completely
groba.103 Na terenu je jo vidljiv samo gr. 1 covered up and is no longer visible after expanding
(du. 1,90; ir. 1,25; vis. 0,821,18 m), s the courtyard of the house towards the village road
through Staro selo (old village). Since the vil-
102 Jer, prostor gr. 3 bio je definitivno uniten lage of Nadin is spreading rapidly towards the
(prekopan) za vrijeme Domovinskog rata. slopes of old Nedinum, numerous monuments are
103 . BATOVI, 1990, Sl. 120, T. XXVI, 114, 121. at risk and their protection should be intensified
urgently.
64
desetak pokojnika, na poloaju Ograda,

oko 100 m zapadno od Gradine /Sl. 46/.104
Svi spaljeni pokopi u celi (gr. 7, 10,
18a) imali su grobnu aru. I dok je ona u gr.
7 bila grube fakture i bez priloga, pa se ne
moe vremenski odrediti, gr. 10 je tipian
rimski pokop s keramikom arom s
poklopcem, kruno ograenom nizom
nepravilnoga kamenja /Sl. 49/. Izmeu urne
i ogradnog kamenja naena je lucerna s
peatom OCTAVI (kraj 1. i 2. st. n. Kr.).
Meu materijalom iz rimskog razdoblja,
razbacanim po cijeloj celi (stakleni artefakti,
kameni spomenici, keramika, novii: as
Agripe i Domicijana) naena je i lucerna
CASII.
U svim sauvanijim grobovima
primjetan je samo jednostruki pokop; no,
viestruki pokop, kako je spomenuto, moda
je izvorno postajao u nekim devastiranim
Fig. 54. Layout and crosssections of gr. 5 (drawing
grobovima, posebno u onima vrlo dubokim from 2009).
(grobovi 6, 20, i drugi) vjerojatno i u nikad
tono ubiciranom, prekopom gr. 3. of much smaller scope. We can see Liburnian
Orijentacija grobova uglavnom je enclosing of space around one or several
ujednaena; dominira pravac JISZ, to je i graves; the areas are in contact and they lean
smjer pruanja uzdunih zidova cele I. Od on each other forming a kind of horizontal
ove orijentacije jasno odstupaju samo dva rows, of which we can barely recognize three,
groba (grobovi 12, 15 /Sl. 31/) postavljena u most clearly the central one with graves 18,
pravcu SIJZ. 11, 5, 12 ,13. The related data will be more
Druga osnovna prostorna cjelina specific only after the area of adjacent cella
cele, njezina SZ polovica, zbog znatno and other cellae at the necropolis are explored
slabije intervencije u rimsko doba, najbolje as well. For now it is not clear to what extent
odraava predrimsku prostornu strukturu. certain Liburnian enclosed grave areas
(Liburnian parcels) stretched under the
walls of cella I. Best preserved original
104 U najnovije vrijeme, tijekom 2009., proirenjem Liburnian situation in the cella refers to the
dvorita jedne kue prema seoskom putu, grob 2, na central belt of graves (15, 12, 13, 11, 18, 5,
putu kroz Staro selo, u potpunosti je zatrpan i vie partially 20). However, even here, near the NE
nije vidljiv na terenu. Kako se selo Nadin ubrzano
iri na padine starog Nedinuma, brojni su spomenici
wall there were some of the latest burials,
ugroeni i njihova zatita trebala bi se hitno those Roman cremation ones (gr. 10, 18a /Fig.
intenzivirati. 45, Fig. 49/).
65
Sl. 55. Prostorni odnos etvrtastog postamenta, grobova i pregrade u JI dijelu cele I (snimila: S. Kuko,
2009.).
Fig. 55. Spatial relation of the rectangular base, graves and partition in SE segment of cella I (photo: S.
Kuko, 2009).
Radi se o liburnskom ograivanju prostora In the southern part of the cella,

oko 1 ili vie grobova; prostori se dodiruju i behind the base /Fig. 31, Fig. 55/ we can
naslanjaju jedan na drugi, te povezuju u barely recognize a belt of more regularly
svojevrsne horizontalne nizove, od kojih se distributed Liburnian graves (14, 16, 17, 19).
naziru tri, najjasnije onaj srednji s Enclosing and outer marks in form of
grobovima 18, 11, 5, 12, 13. Podatci o tome massive stones were not preserved on these
bit e konkretniji tek kada se istrai prostor graves which were originally quite close to
susjednih i drugih cela na nekropoli. Sada je one another. Density of graves, in which an
jo nejasno koliko se neki liburnski ograeni enclosed area i.e. grave with its architecture
grobni prostori (liburnske parcele) pruaju leans onto another one, intensifies the
impression of order of a Liburnian
ispod zidova cele I. Najsauvanija izvorna
necropolis from the Iron Age whose
liburnska situacija u celi odnosi se, dakle, na
arrangement seems to be planned ahead.
srednji pojas grobova (15, 12, 13, 11, 18,
Uniform orientation of its grave architecture
66
5 djelomino i 20). No, i tu su, gotovo uz i.e. of the deceased contributes to this
sam SI zid, bili ubaeni najmlai pokopi, general impression.
oni rimski spaljeni (gr. 10, 18a /Sl. 45, Sl. A larger or smaller grave parcel (with
49/). one or several graves) was enclosed by a kind
U junom dijelu cele, iza postamenta of wall, made by using a technique of
/Sl. 31, Sl. 55/ takoer se nasluuje pojas combining vertically placed and horizontaly
pravilnijeg nizanja liburnskih grobova (14, laid rectangular stones of different sizes, often
16, 17, 19). Ali, ograivanje i izvanjsko quite massive. Enclosing was simultaneous
oznaavanje masivnim kamenjem ovih with the construction of separate graves.
grobova, koji su i izvorno u prostoru bili Although stones were not dressed, sometimes
they were broken sharply and precisely. This
dosta zbijeni, nije se sauvalo. Zbijenost
architectural emphasizing of the burial place is
grobova, pri emu se jedan ograen prostor,
not unknown in the Liburnian culture, but it is
odnosno grob sa svojom arhitekturom
exactly in Nadin that it has certain
naslanja na drugi, pojaava dojam monumental elements which are reminiscent
ureenosti, tovie stanovite planiranosti of some formally similar Istrian phenomena
liburnske nekropole iz eljeznog doba. from the Bronze (Vrin) and Iron Ages
Tome pridonosi i prilino ujednaena (Gradina above Limski kanal, Nezakcij etc),
orijentacija njezine grobne arhitekture, among others.105
odnosno, umrlih. Ograivanje vee ili manje In only one case several graves were
grobne parcele (s jednim ili vie grobova) enclosed by a stone fence, specifically graves
izvodilo se vrstom obzida izvedenog u 12 and 13; one grave is above the other.
tehnici kombiniranja okomito Enclosed area (dimensions 1,5 x 3 m) around
postavljenoga i horizontalno poslaganoga graves 12 and 13 spreads on the steplike
etvrtastog kamenja razliitih veliina, esto source rock /Fig. 5051/. Gr. 13 with
vrlo masivnog. Ograivanje grobova bilo je preserved cist and grave goods is partially
istodobno s gradnjom pojedinih grobova. under the SE wall; the deceased had lied on a
Iako je kamenje neobraeno, ono je ponekad flattened source rock /Fig. 50/.
bilo otro i precizno lomljeno. Ovo Enclosing of the grave area was not
arhitektonsko isticanje mjesta pokopa nije so well preserved in gr. 4, 6, 9 or gr. 11
strano liburnskoj kulturi, ali upravo u which actually used enclosing walls of
Nadinu ima stanovite monumentalne adjacent burials: graves 5 and 18. One of
naglaske, koji podsjeaju, izmeu ostalog, the most monumental details of grave
na neke formalno srodne istarske pojave iz enclosing is a stone (slab) measuring about
bronanog (Vrin) i eljeznog doba 1 m in height /Fig. 45/ placed vertically
(Gradina iznad Limskog kanala, Nezakcij i between graves 11 and 18. It is likely that
the area around grave 20 was also enclosed
dr.).105 Samo jednom ograeno je vie /Fig. 31, Fig. 4041/. Enclosed grave
grobova kamenom ogradom, konkretno, parcels can be recognized in this part of the
105 J. MLADIN, 1969, prilog I; K. MIHOVILI, 105 J. MLADIN, 1969, appendix I; K. MIHOVILI,
1972, 8, 43. 1972, 8, 43.
67
grobovi 12 i 13 poloeni su jedan povrh cella and in places where burials were not
drugoga. Ograeni prostor (dim. 1,5 x 3 m) discovered.
oko grobova 12 i 13 prostire se nad Enclosing construction is most
stepeniasto profiliranom matinom impressive around gr. 5; it was 2025 cm
stijenom. /Sl. 50, Sl. 51/. Grob 13, sa distant from the grave cist which it enclosed
sauvanom krinjom i prilozima, neznatno on all sides in full height, with one or two (?)
je podvuen pod JZ zid; pokojnik je leao na courses of stones /Fig. 5253/. This enclosing
poravnatoj matinoj stijeni /Sl. 51/. construction, as all others, has no bonding
Ograivanje prostora oko groba slabije je agent whatsoever, nor were its parts bound
sauvano kod gr. 4, 6, 9 ili pak kod gr. 11, firmly.106 It was about 10 cm higher in places
koji je zapravo iskoristio ograde susjednih than the cist (without preserved lid).
pokopa: groba 5, odnosno, 18. Jedan od It is not clear to what extent was the
massive construction around grave 5 visible
najmonumentalnijih detalja grobnog
from all sides as enclosing constructions
ograivanja jedna je stijena (ploa) visoka
around graves 11, 5, 12 and 13 lean on
oko 1 m /Sl. 45/, okomito postavljena
adjacent enclosed areas with their longitudinal
izmeu gr. 11 i 18. Ograen je, vjerojatno, (and transversal) sides; it is unclear whether
bio i prostor oko groba 20 /Sl. 31, Sl. this Liburnian enclosing was originally visible
4041/. Ograene grobne parcele mogu se at all at the surface.
prepoznati u ovom dijelu cele i na mjestima On a small excavated sample of the
gdje nisu otkriveni pokopi. Nadin necropolis cella I, for which we do
Ogradna konstrukcija ipak je not know as yet how representative it is, we
najdojmljivija oko gr. 5; tekla je na may discuss certain planning of the old
udaljenosti od 20 do 25 cm od grobne Liburnian cemetery. But despite certain
krinje koju je obrubljivala sa svih strana u repetitions in marking separate grave
cijeloj njezinoj visini, s jednim ili dva (?) parcels, we should not expect geometric
niza kamenja /Sl. 52, Sl. 53/. Ova ogradna regularity in the spatial structure of the entire
konstrukcija, kao i sve druge, nema vezivni Liburnian necropolis. Over a course of time, in
materijal, niti su njezini dijelovi vre a centennial existence of the necropolis it
povezani.106 krinju (bez sauvanog could not be retained for long.
poklopca) mjestimino je nadvisivala Construction of unclear function,
desetak cm. Nije jasno koliko je masivna similar to a partition wall, connects the
rectangular base and the SW cella wall /Fig.
konstrukcija oko gr. 5 izvorno bila vidljiva
106 Konkretno, kraa, poprena (JI) stranica ograde 106 Specifically, the shorter, transversal (SE) side of
oko gr. 5 sastojala se od dviju okomitih, vrlo the enclosing wall around gr. 5 consisted of two
masivnih i nepravilnih, neobraenih ploa nad vertical, very massive and irregular, unworked slabs
kojima je poslagano manje kamenje i zemlja, te covered by small stones and soil. On the surface
povrh svega, na povrini zemlje, horizontalno massive flat stones were placed above all the
poloeno masivno ploasto kamenje. Visina ove aforementioned. Height of this segment of the wall is
ogradne stranice je oko 80 cm, to je bila i priblina about 80 cm which was the approximate height of
visina cijele konstrukcije oko gr. 5. the entire construction around gr. 5.
68
sa svih strana, jer se ogradne konstrukcije

oko grobova 11, 5, 12 i 13 svojim uzdunim
(i poprenim) stranicama naslanjaju na
susjedne ograene prostore; nejasno je i
koliko se ovo liburnsko ograivanje izvorno
uope vidjelo na povrini zemlje.
Na malom iskopanom uzorku
nadinske nekropole, celi I, za koji se ne zna
koliko je reprezentativan, moe se, dakle,
govoriti o odreenoj planiranosti staroga
liburnskog groblja. Ali, unato odreenim
ponavljanjima u oznaavanju pojedinih
grobnih prostora, ipak ne treba oekivati
geometrijsku pravilnost u prostornoj
strukturi cijele liburnske nekropole. Tijekom
vremena, u stoljetnom ivotu nekropole, ona
se i nije mogla dugo odrati.
Konstrukcija pak, nejasne funkcije,
poput pregrade, povezuje etvrtasti
postament i JZ zid cele /Sl. 55/. Sastavljena
je od nekoliko srednjih kamenja i velikoga Sl. 56. Pogled sa SI na suhozid i JI dio cele (snimila:
M. elhar, 2009.).
ploastoga kamena (du. 85, vis. 45, deb. Fig. 56. View from NE on drystone wall and SE part
2730 cm). U sastavu ove pregrade, u of the cella (photo: M. elhar, 2009).
njezinu donjem dijelu, poloenom na
matinu stijenu, vidljivo je vie ukastih 55/. It consists of several mediumsized
ploa (deb. 2030 cm) razliitih oblika, stones and a large flat stone (length 85,
kvadratnih do pravokutnih, vrlo izduenih; thickness 2730 cm). In the structure of this
nisu obraivane, no djeluju pravilno. Sline partition, in its lower part which lies on the
source rock, there are several yellowish slabs
ploe nalaze se po cijeloj celi, u razliitim
(thickness 2030 cm) of different shapes
kontekstima, dakle, imaju razliite funkcije;
square and rectangular, very elongated.
mjestimino su ubaene (spolija?) u zidove
Alhough they were not dressed, they seem
cele. U sjevernom dijelu cele te ploe esto regular.
su u sastavu grobne arhitekture; u junom Similar slabs can be found all over the
pak dijelu gdje je njihova koncentracija cella, in different contexts, meaning they have
najvea, ukaste ploe ugrauju se u zidove different functions; in places they were
cele, ispod njih, te u temelje etvrtastog incorporated into the cella walls (spolia?). In
postamenta, dakle, uglavnom se ovdje the northern segment of the cella these slabs
(sekundarno?) koriste pri gradnji najmlaih, were often parts of the grave architecture; in
rimskih arhitektonih elemenata. Zbog the southern segment where they are most
njihove naglaene koncentracije u samom densely concentrated, yellowish slabs were
69
junom kutu cele, namee se pitanje: nisu li built into the cella walls, beneath them and
ovdje ostatci neke starije predrimske (?) into the foundations of the rectangular base
gradnje (?). they are chiefly used (secondarily) for
Cela I je nedvojbeno bila building the latest, Roman architectural
umreena u strukturu slinih cela /Sl. 57 elements. Considering their heavy
58/. Za sada se zakljuuje da je s tri strane concentration ih the southern corner of the
bila okruena drugim celama /Sl. 31/. To se cella the imminent question is whether the
ili jasno vidi po iskopanim produetcima remains of some earlier preRoman (?)
zidova u njezinim kutovima, ili se samo aedifice could be located here.
nazire na povrini zemlje na susjednom, jo Cella I was undoubtedly integrated
into a structure of similar cellae /Fig. 5758/.
neiskapanom terenu, gdje se mjestimino
For now we can conclude that it was
prate zidovi.107 Jedino jo prema jugu, u surrounded by other cellae from three sides
pravcu Gradine, nisu uoeni tragovi druge /Fig. 31/. It is easily noticeable from excavated
cele. Naime, u istonom kutu cele I wall extensions in its corners, or it can be
presijecaju se SI i JI zid, te iroki suhozid, barely recognized at the surface on adjacent
koji je naknadno podignut, djelomino nad plot which has not been excavated where walls
JI zidom, otetio ga i skrio sam vrh kuta cele are recognizable in places.107
/Sl. 56/. Stoga se ovdje, kao i u junom kutu, Only southwards, in the direction of
ne razaznaje jasno je li cela prema jugu Gradina, no traces of other cella were
(Gradini) bila spojena s nekim drugim recorded. In the eastern corner of cella I, the
prostorom. Suhozid (ir. 120 cm) koji se ne NE and SE walls intersect with a wide
moe vremenski odrediti, sastoji se samo od drystone wall which was raised subsequently,
jednog reda sloenoga kamenja i ispod toga, partially above the SE wall which it damaged
od nepravilno nabacanog kamenja srednje and hid the top of the cellas corner /Fig. 56/.
veliine i dosta zemlje. Therefore, as well as in the southern corner, it
Mreasta planimetrija, vjerojatno is impossible to discern whether the cella was
iz (rano)rimskog razdoblja, moda nije na connected with some other area southwards
cijelom prostoru svog prostiranja (towards Gradina). The drystone wall (width
nadslojavala stariju liburnsku nekropolu. 120) which is not datable consists of only one
Terenskim rekognosciranjem, naime, course of arranged stones under which we find
primijeena je odreena razlika u orijentaciji randomly dumped mediumsized stones and a
lot of soil.
izmeu grobnih cela najbliih nadinskoj
107 Specifically, the beginning of another,

107 Konkretno, poetak druge, susjedne cele neighbouring cella is the clearest in the western
najjasniji je u zapadnom kutu cele I; tu se JZ zid corner of the cella; here the SW wall continues
nastavlja prema SZ. Takoer, moe se pretpostaviti towards NW. In addition we can assume the
nastavak poprenog SZ zida cele u susjednu celu, continuation of transversal NW wall of the cella into
prema SI. Naime, s vanjske strane sjevernog, ali i the neighbouring cella towards NE. Namely on the
zapadnog, kuta cele, na povrini se nazire nekoliko outer side of the northern and western corner of the
nepovezanih kamenja koji bi mogli pripadati cella, at the surface there are several disjointed
susjednim celama. stones which might belong to adjacent cellae.
70
Gradini i onih od Gradine najudaljenijih. It is possible that netlike planimetry,

Radi se o skretanju prema sjeveru, u duini probably from the (early) Roman period, did
oko 300 m, vjerojatno najmlaega (rimskog) not cover the earlier Liburnian necropolis
dijela nadinske nekropole.108 Za sada se entirely. Field survey revealed certain
ipak nita tonije ne moe kazati o povrini difference in orientation between grave cellae
na kojoj se prostirala liburnska, odnosno closest to Gradina in Nadin and those most
liburnsko/rimska nekropola, niti se mogu distant from Gradina. It is a northward
definirati prostorni odnosi ovih dviju faza deviation, some 300 m long, probably of the
latest (Roman) segment of the necropolis from
pokapanja na padinama liburnskog i
rimskog Nedinuma. Nadin.108 Little can be said about the surface
that the Liburnian, i.e. Liburnian/Roman
U interpretaciji nadinske nekropole
necropolis covered, nor can we define spatial
na ravnome, njezinih detalja i pojedinih
Sl. 57. Cela I nakon zavretka istraivanja (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).

Fig. 57. Cella I after the end of excavations (photo: M. elhar, 2009).
108 . BATOVI, 1990, 114. 108 . BATOVI, 1990, 114.
71
aspekata, ali i njezine cjelovite strukture (s relations between these two phases of burial
liburnskom i antikom fazom), neizbjean on the slopes of Liburnian and Roman
komparativan materijal su nekropole Nedinum.
grkoga i greciziranoga protopovijesnog, In the interpretation of the flat
osobito helenistikog svijeta na Jadranu (i necropolis from Nadin, its details and
ire),109 zatim rimske planirane nekropole individual aspects, as well as its integral
structure (with the Liburnian and Roman
(uz prometnice)110 i dakako, liburnske
phases), inevitable comparative material should
nekropole na ravnome. Ali, malobrojne su be sought in the necropolises of Greek and
iskopane liburnske nekropole toga tipa (Nin, graecized protohistoric, particularly Hellenistic
Dragii i dr.); veinom su djelomino world in the Adriatic (and further),109 then
istraene.
Roman planned necropolises (near roads)110
Nadinska liburnska nekropola podno and of course Liburnian flat necropolises. But
Gradine u nekim vidovima podsjea na onu excavated Liburnian necropolises of this type
iz Dragiia: ne samo kronologijom/ (Nin, Dragii, etc.) are rare; they are mostly
tipologijom dosta zastupljenog materijala iz explored only partially.
mlaega eljeznog doba (uglavnom od kraja Liburnian necropolis at the foot of
6. st. pr. Kr.)111 ve i smjetajem uz Gradina in Nadin is similar to the one in
prometnicu koja vodi iz prapovijesnog Gradii in some aspects: not only with regard
naselja. Pokop podno gradine, odnosno, uz to chronology/typology of a great part of
prometnicu, bio je stari liburnski obiaj koji discovered material from the Late Iron Age
se u zadnjim stoljeima ponekad (mainly from the end of the 6th century BC)111
manifestirao u monumentalnim i novim but also considering its position near the road
oblicima, u Nadinu (municipiju), dakako leading from prehistoric settlement. Burial at
znatno intenzivnije nego u Dragiiu. the foot of a hillfort was an old Liburnian
Najmlai ukop na Dragiiu je gr. 13 s ritual which was in last centuries sometimes
incineracijom, iz druge polovice 1. st. pr. manifested in monumental and new forms, far
more intensively in Nadin (municipium) than
Kr.112 Dragiiu prostorno vrlo bliska
in Dragii. The latest burial at Dragii was
Velika Mrdakovica, svojim bogatim
gr. 13 with cremation from the second half of
spaljenim grobovima iz zadnjih desetljea
the 1st century BC.112 Rich cremation graves
stare ere,113 za sada moda najbolje oslikava from the last decades BC were found at Velika
utjecaj rimskog obreda (spaljivanja) u Mrdakovica which is spatially very close to
liburnskom kultu mrtvih izvan veih urbanih Dragii.113 For now this is perhaps the best
aglomeracija (Iader). Iako su u celi illustration of the influence of Roman ritual
109 E. LIPPOLIS, 1987, 139154. 109 E. LIPPOLIS, 1987, 139154.

110 N. CAMBI, 1987, Sl. 8889, 273. 110 N. CAMBI, 273, Fig. 8889.
111 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 1. 111 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 1.
112 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 12. 112 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 12.
113 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 13. 113 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 13.
72
Sl. 58. Snimka iz zraka istraene cele I na SZ padini nadinske Gradine (AeroPixel, 2009.).
Fig. 58. Aerial view of the excavated cella I on NW slope of Gradina (AeroPixel, 2009).
malobrojni spaljeni rimski pokopi, dosta (cremation) on the Liburnian cult of the dead
arheoloke grae (keramika: posude, outside of larger agglomerations (Iader).
lucerne; staklo: balzamarij i druge posudice; Although Roman cremation burials
metalni artefakti; kameni spomenici), u are rare in the cella, substantial amount of
grobovima i izvan njih, rimskog je tipa; archaeological material (pottery: vessels,
velik dio pripada pak helenistikom lamps; glass: balsamarium and other small
razdoblju i tipian je za zadnju fazu vessels; metal artifacts; stone monuments) in
and outside the graves is of Roman type;
liburnske kulture (4.1. st. pr. Kr.).114 Uz
great number of finds belong to Hellenistic
domau (grubu) keramiku ima dosta one
period and they are typical for the last phase
helenistike uvezene (reljefna, uglavnom
of the Liburnian culture (4th1st cent.
siva, te gnathia i druga keramika raena na
BC).114 Besides local (coarse) pottery there
kolu).
is a lot of imported Hellenistic ware (relief
Ostala graa pripada starijim fazama ware, mostly grey, gnathia, and other types
liburnske kulture. U metalnom repertoaru made on wheel).
114 . BATOVI, 1987, 351. 114 . BATOVI, 1987, 351.
73
prevladava nakit. Od fibula: pracertosa tip, The remaining finds belongs to the
zatim, certozoidne, ranolatenoidne, earlier phases of the Liburnian culture.
srednjolatenske, fibula sa zrnom jantara i Jewelry is dominant in the metal repertory.
neke druge. Narukvice i ostali oblici, Fibulae are represented with the following
osobito oni od bronanog lima, uglavnom su types: the preCertosa type, then fibulae
fragmentirani. Zastupljene su krune with certain characteristics of Certosa
pojasne kope, toke, ogrlica od bronanoga fibulae, early phase of the fibulae with
savijenog, zaobljenog lima s jednim certain characteristics of La Tne fibulae,
zailjenim krajem, relativno dosta artefakata Middle La Tne fibulae, fibula with an
od jantara (perle, privjesci), keramike perle amber bead etc. Bracelets and other items,
particularly the ones made of bronze sheet
koje oponaaju (?) jantar, te staklene perle.
are mostly fragmented. There are also
Naeno je i helenistiko prstenje (2 kom.).
round belt buckles, buttons, necklace made
Meu eljeznim artefaktima istiu se avli
of bent, rounded bronze sheet with a
(gr. 8, 9).115 Neke pak grobne cjeline pointed end, relatively great amount of
upotpunjuje prilaganje maloga keramikog amber artifacts (beads, pendants), ceramic
recipijenta (alice) domae proizvodnje (gr. beads imitating (?) amber, and glass beads.
11, 12) to je bio stari obredni in u kultu Hellenistic rings (2 pieces) were also found.
mrtvih, prakticiran ve na samim poetcima Nails represent the most distinct iron
liburnske kulture. artifacts (gr. 8, 9).115 Some grave units
Prilozi u grobovima in situ, contained locally produced small ceramic
tipolokovremenski osjetljivi, za sada recipients (cups) (gr. 11, 12) which was an
nisu brojni. To je fibula pracertozoidnog tipa old ritual act in the cult of the dead,
u djejem gr. 11, naena ispod pokojnikove practised in the early beginnings of the
glave; ista fibula u gr. 12; kruna pojasna Liburnian culture.
kopa s upisanim kriem, te tordirana igla s Grave goods in situ which are
krunom ploicom na vrhu glave u gr. 13; typologically and chronologically
fibula a tre bottoni s dugom nogom u determinable are not abundant. These are: a
djejem gr. 15, ispod pokojnikove lubanje; fibula with certain characteristics of
igla s kuglastom glavom u djejem gr. 5, Certosa fibulae from the early period of
poloena takoer ispod lubanje. Oito je, za their development, which was found under
sada, premalo sigurnih dokaza za datiranje the deceased persons head; the same fibula
in gr. 12; round belt buckle with an
najstarijih pokopa u celi u prva stoljea
inscribed cross, and a twisted pin with a
liburnske kulture (9.8./7. st. pr. Kr.).116 round plaque at the tip of the head in gr. 13;
fibula a tre bottoni with a long foot in a
115 U grobu 8 bilo je vie komada eljezne zgure.
childs grave 15, under the deceased
116 U tom kontekstu istie se igla s kuglastom persons head; pin with a spherical head in
glavom koja na liburnskom prostoru ima stanovite a childs grave 5, also found under the
analogije u igli iz Nina s kuglastom glavom i malim
skull. Evidently there are not enough
diskastim zadebljanjem i snopom poprenih crta na
vratu, iz 9. (?) st. pr. Kr.; . BATOVI, 1981, Sl. 115 Several pieces of iron slag were found in grave 8.
10/35, 121.
74
Iako vrlo malo istraen, nadinski definite proofs for dating the earliest burials
arheoloki kompleks pogodan je za in the cella to the first centuries of the
rasvjetljavanje temeljnih, odavno uoenih Liburnian culture (9th8th/7th cent.
problema u vezi s kultom mrtvih kroz BC).116
bronano i eljezno doba u sjevernoj Although it is not sufficiently
Dalmaciji. Liburnski kult mrtvih bio je cilj explored, the Nadin archaeological complex is
istraivanja 2004., 2005. i 2009. god.117 No, very suitable for sheding more light on basic
taj kult potrebno je promatrati u cjelini problems relating the cult of the dead
throughout the Bronze and Iron Ages in
kulture, to pretpostavlja poznavanje
northern Dalmatia which were noticed long
naseobinskih struktura. Nadinski pak kraj
time ago. Liburnian cult of the dead was the
pravi je izvor arheolokih podataka o
aim of the research in 2004, 2005 and 2009.117
odnosima groblja i naselja kroz prapovijest,
But this cult needs to be observed within a
te kroz rimsku epohu i kasnije. Tek sustavna
culture which implies certain knowledge
istraivanja mogu otkriti razloge djelomino
about the dwelling structures. The Nadin
istodobnog pokopa u nadinskim humcima region is an excellent source of archaeological
(humak 13 i drugi) i na ravnome kroz data about the relations between cemeteries
(starije) eljezno doba, tj. definirati toan and settlements throughout prehistory, the
poetak nekropole na sjeverozapadnoj Roman period and later on.
padini Nedinuma, zatim nastanak njezine Only systematic reserach can reveal
kasne mreaste planimetrije i odnos te the reasons for partially simultaneous burial in
planimetrije prema prostornoj strukturi the burial mounds from Nadin (burial mound
starijega liburnskog groblja iz eljeznog 13 and others) and on the flat surface through
doba. Takoer, sustavna iskapanja upravo (earlier) Iron Age i.e. define the exact
nadinskih mjesta pokapanja rasvijetlila bi beginning of the necropolis on the
slabo poznat ritam liburnskoga drutvenog northwestern slope of Nedinum, then the
raslojavanja, osobito grobne manifestacije formation of its later netlike planimetry and
tog procesa, posebno u epohi kada kod the relation of this planimetry to spatial
Liburna drutvena diferencijacija postaje structure of the earlier Liburnian cemetery
izraenija, o emu, za sada, najbolje from the Iron Age. In addition, systematic
svjedoe (uz Dragii, V. Mrdakovicu) excavations of precisely Nadin burial places
bogati nadinski grobovi 1, 2, 3(?) /Sl. 47/.
116 In that context a pin with a spherical head is
Iskapanja malog opsega tijekom 2005.,
quite interesting as it has certain analogies in the
2009. god. na nekropoli podno Gradine Liburnian region in the pin from Nin with a spherical
(Nedinum) jo jednom istiu poznatu head, a small discoid thickening and a set of
transversal lines on the neck, from the 9th cent. BC
(?); . BATOVI, 1981, Fig. 10/35, 121.
117 S. KUKO, 2004, 192194; S. KUKO, 2005, 117 S. KUKO, 2004, 192194; S. KUKO, 2005, 307
307309; S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2005, 5863; 309; S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2005, 5863; S.
S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2006, 6572; S. KUKO . BATOVI, 2006, 6572; S. KUKO M.
KUKO M. ELHAR, 2010, (u tisku); S. ELHAR, 2010, (in print); S. KUKO M. ELHAR, (
KUKO M. ELHAR, 2010a, (tisku). in print).
75
injenicu o posebnoj vanosti nadinskog would contribute to the study of poorly known
arheolokoga kompleksa za prouavanje rhythm of Liburnian social stratification,
liburnske kulture u cijelosti i njezinog especially to funerary manifestation of the
odnosa prema rimskoj civilizaciji. process, particularly in an epoch when social
stratification in Liburnian society became
more distinct which is most evident from the
rich graves 1, 2, 3 (?) /Fig. 47/ from Nadin
(besides Dragii and Velika Mrdakovica).
Small scale excavations in 2005 and 2009 at
the necropolis at the foot of Gradina
(Nedinum), once more emphasized well
known fact about the great significance of the
Nadin archaeological complex in the study of
the Liburnian culture as a whole and its
relation to Roman civilization.
76
Kratice / Abbreviations
VAHD Vjesnik za arheologiju i historiju (povijest) dalmatinsku, Split

AP Arheoloki pregled, Ljubljana
PJZ Prahistorija jugoslavenskih zemalja, Sarajevo
RFF u Zadru Radovi Filozofskog Fakulteta u Zadru, Zadar
OA Opuscula Archaeologica, Zagreb
VAMZ Vjesnik Arheolokog muzeja Zagreb, Zagreb
HAG Hrvatski arheoloki godinjak, Zagreb
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ASSERIA, 7, 2009., 1180 Sineva KUKO, Nadin liburnski kult mrtvih...

Sineva KUKO UDK: 903.5 (497.5 Nadin) 638/639:29

NADIN LIBURNSKI KULT MRTVIH

NADIN LIBURNIAN CULT OF THE DEAD,

Keywords: Nedinum, Liburni, Bronze

1 . BATOVI, 2006, 172173. 1 . BATOVI, 2006, 172173.

aforementioned ones which was discovered

Sl. 2. Pogled sa sjeveroistoka na Nadin s Gradinom (Nedinum) (snimila: S. Kuko, 2009.).

Sl. 3. Satelitska snimka gradine Kriova glavica,

Sl. 8. Humak Duevia glavica Krneza (prema: K. Gusar D. Vujevi, 2010a).

which were built in the Eneolithic were

exclusively of soil covering the stone core.34

Tipian liburnski humak sastoji se

Sl. 13. Presjeci humka 13 u Nadinu (crte: A. deri, 2004.).

vjerojatno iz eljeznog doba, od zemlje, s a layer of humus, and a layer of different

Sl. 14. Obzid humka 13 u Nadinu (snimio: . Vrki,

Sl. 17. Grob 4, humak 13 iz Nadina (crte: A. deri,

Ranovac, Matakova glavica Podvrje /Sl.

several (earthen) mounds from the Bronze

Podvrje from the Bronze Age48 had the same

Sl. 20. Restaurirana eljezna narukvica iz groba 9,

uniteni tijekom vremena /Sl. 4, Sl. 9 (1)/.45

Humak 13, dosta oteen, 50 sa

Sl. 25. Gr. 15, humak 13, Nadin detalj (snimio: .

obred blizak funerarnoj gozbi? Npr. u

considerably earlier (Cetina burial mound 6,

Sl. 28. Snimka iz zraka cele I na nadinskoj nekropoli na ravnome (2006.).

prevladavanjem zgrenog pokopa, prodiru Burials of the deceased in an extended

position was abandoned and new

Sl. 31. Tlocrt cele I (crte: 2009.).

Sl. 32. Popreni i uzduni presjek cele I (crte: 2009.).

67 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 83. 67 . BATOVI N. ONDI, 2005, 83.

In burial mound 13 from Nadin

Sl. 33. Jugoistoni dio cele I s razbacanim ulomcima

Viestruki ukopi obino se vezuju za

odreivanje dobi i spola prisutnih the age and sex. Nevertheless

79 P. RAJIIKANJI, 2006, 795799. 79 P. RAJIIKANJI, 2006, 795799.

be clearly distinguished.80 Grave goods were

Sl. 36. SI. zid cele I detalj (snimila: S. Kuko, 2009.).

kombinacija njihovih priloga.80 Prilozi u

osebujnim dugim iglama83 u grobu 12 iz 6. A pin with a loop, which is very

onomastic remains). In adjacent Asseria

Sl. 42. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 15 u celi I (crte: 2009.).

nedostatak liburnskih oblika iz starijih faza

smjetena s obje strane stare prometnice, the foot of Gradina (Nedinum), or to be

in its northwestern half, with a dense netlike

Sl. 44. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 8 (crte: 2009.).

njezinoj SZ polovici, s gustom mreom

romanizacije. Jer, cela je u rimsko doba bila roads (Grberstrassen). It consisted of a

93 J. CHAPMAN R. S. SHIEL . BATOVI, 93 J. CHAPMAN R. S. SHIEL . BATOVI ,

Horizontalna slojevitost i odreena The walls were damaged at several

that the walls were built over certain graves

buke. No, slojevitost njegova presjeka ipak

96 Antropoloka analiza osteolokih ostatka iz cele I 96 Anthropological analysis of osteological remains

Sl. 51. Tlocrt i presjeci gr. 13 (crte: 2009.).

97 Vidi bilj. 22. 98 Z. BRUSI, 2000, 6, Pl. XI.

1,90; width 1,25; height 0,821,18 m) is still

desetak pokojnika, na poloaju Ograda,

Radi se o liburnskom ograivanju prostora In the southern part of the cella,

sa svih strana, jer se ogradne konstrukcije

107 Specifically, the beginning of another,

Gradini i onih od Gradine najudaljenijih. It is possible that netlike planimetry,

Sl. 57. Cela I nakon zavretka istraivanja (snimila: M. elhar, 2009.).

108 . BATOVI, 1990, 114. 108 . BATOVI, 1990, 114.