Radiation Hazards

Dr Noridah Binti Osman (NBO),

B5-03-26
05 368 7636
(noridah.osman@utp.edu.my)

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LEARNING OUTCOME
AT THE 1 Define radiation hazards
END OF 2 Sources of radiation hazards
THIS 3
Detection and reduction of
LECTURE, radiation hazards

STUDENTS 4 Identify caution and signs and

labels of radiation hazards
SHOULDBE 5 OSHAs radiation hazards
ABLETO
RADIATION HAZARDS

Ion is an electrical charged atom

that becomes charged when a
neutral atom loses or gains one or
more electrons as a result of
chemical reaction
Ionization is the process of adding
one or more electrons to, or
removing one or more electrons
from, atoms or molecules, thereby
creating ions 3
 RADIATION HAZARDS
IONIZING High energy radiation
It is a type of radiation that is able to
disrupt atoms and molecules on which they
pass through, giving rise to ions and free
radicals.
NONIONIZING RADIATION Low
energy radiation
They are electromagnetic waves incapable
of producing ions while passing through
matter, due to their lower energy.
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IONIZING RADIATION

Alpha particles
Beta particles Radionuclides

Neutrons
X-radiation
Electromagnetic radiation
Gamma radiation
High-speed electrons
High-speed protons
NONIONIZING RADIATION
Visible radiation
Ultraviolet radiation
Infrared
Radio frequency
Microwave radiation
Lasers

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 IS RADIATION USED
FOR?

Medical
Laboratories

Power
generation

Radioactive
tracers
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 SYMPTOMS OF
RADIATION SICKNESS
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
Skin burns (redness,
blistering)
Weakness, fatigue,
exhaustion, fainting
Dehydration
Hair loss
Ulceration of the oral mucosa
Ulceration of the esophagus,
stomach or intestines
Inflammation of exposed
areas (redness, tenderness,
swelling, bleeding)
Vomiting blood
Bloody stool
Bleeding from the nose,
mouth, gums, and rectum
Bruising
Sloughing of skin
Open sores on the skin
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RADIATION EFFECTS
Dose Health Effect
>300,000 mR Destroy cell tissue almost immediately
Acute Death results within a few days or weeks for more than half the
Exposure exposed population

Increase risk of infection, cancer, & potentially cause genetic

>5,000 mR damage to person &/or offspring
High Level Cataracts, premature aging, hair loss, skin burns, & shortened life
Exposure span

Difficult to determine because cells can repair some damage &

Low-Dose difficulty to identify cause of cancers as due to radiation exposure
Effects verses environmental/ genetic factors

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RADIATION PROTECTION

Time

Distance

Shielding

Containment
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 SIGNS AND
Kinds of
LABELS Quantity
radioactive of
materials radioactive
materials

Date on which
the contents were
11 measured
 SIGNS AND
LABELS

Radiation use will be labeled on door, work area &

storage area
As a precaution: wear gloves, safety glasses and
wash hands 12
 DETECTION OF RADIATION
HAZARDS
Ion chamber
Receptacle wiring tester
Continuity tester

Ludlum 2224
Type: Plastic scintillation
for beta detection that has
a [ZnS (Ag)] coating for
alpha detection
Victoreen
Detects: Alpha
13 and Beta
 SUMMARY
Nonionizing radiation is radiation on the electromagnetic
spectrum that lacks sufficient energy to ionize atoms. This
include visible, UV, infrared, radio, microwave and AC
power frequencies
Exposure of individuals to radiation must be carefully
controlled and accurately monitored.
Radioactive materials that are stored in restricted areas
must be appropriately labeled.

To STAY ALIVE,
you have to STAY ALERT!
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Video

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ML3u5KQOw8

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkUjpcd7pU4