RC Simple Notions of Moment Distribution

Reinforced Concrete Tanks
4th year Civil
Lecture 1
Rectangular Tanks
By: Abdel Hamid Zaghw
2
Cracking Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Structure Categories
Structures are divided into 4 categories:
Category (1) : Tension Side protected
Category(2) : Tension Side unprotected
Category(3) : Tension Side subjected to damaging effects
Category(4) : Tension Side subjected to severe conditions
Water Side sections are Category 3

Air Side sections are Category 2
3
Design of Water Side Sections

Depth Calculation
Calculate the concrete stress under working loads
From this step calculate the concrete stress due to Nw
and the concrete stress due to Mw
N 1000 N w 1000 Nw
f ct N w (kN) w
1000 t
N/mm 2
bt t
6M w 106 6M w 106 6M w 103
f ct M w (kN.m) N/mm 2
bt2 1000 t 2 t2
f ct ( N )
Calculate tv t 1
f ct ( M )
4
Calculate from the following table

tv mm
< 100 (0 - 100) 1
< 200 (100 - 200) 1.3
< 400 (200 - 600) 1.6
> 600 (600 - ) 1.7
Calculate the concrete cracking stress

f ctr 0.6 f cu N/mm 2
Check that
f ct f ct ( N w ) f ct ( M w )
f ctr

5
Important Note
An Air Side Section subjected to small
eccentricity tension shown be treated as a water
side section if concrete stress on the water side
is tensile.
f ct f ct ( N w ) f ct (M w ) 0
N w 6M w 6M w t
f ct 0 Nw ew
b t b t 2
t 6
6
Design of Water Side Sections

Reinforcement Calculation
Calculate the stresses under ultimate loads.
Calculate cr from code tables 4-14 or 4-15
Multiply fy by cr calculated in step (1) and use
this reduced value in calculating the required As
The maximum diameter of used steel should not
exceed that given in code tables 4-14 or 4-15.
The minimum cover is given in the code table
4-13
7
cr and Bar Diameter

Code Table 4-15
fs N/mm2 Reduction Factor cr Largest Bar Diameter in mm max
WSD Steel 36/52 Steel 40/60 Category 1 Category 2 Category

3&4
220 1.00 .92 18 12 8
200 .93 .83 22 16 10
180 .85 .75 25 20 12
160 .75 .67 32 22 18
140 .65 .58 --- 25 22
120 .56 .5 --- --- 28
8
Type
Minimum cover
Code Table 4-13
Category Slabs and Walls All other

fcu <250 fcu >250 fcu <250 fcu >250
1 20 20 25 20
2 25 20 30 25
3 30 25 35 30
4 40 35 45 40
9
Approximate Depth Estimation

Assume fcu = 25 N/mm2 f ctr 0.6 f cu 0.6 25 .6 5 3 N/mm 2
Axial Tension Nw in kN:

f ( N ) f ( N ) = 1.7
tv t 1 ct w t 1 ct w
f ct ( M w ) 0
N w f cr 3 1.7
t N w 0.6 N w mm
t 1.7 3
Pure Bending Mw in kN.m:
f ( N ) 0
tv t 1 ct w t 1 t = 1.6
ct w ct w
f ( M ) f ( M )
6M w 103 f cr 3 1.6 Mw
t 6M w 103 104 mm
t2 1.6 3 3
10
Eccentric Tension Mw in kN.m, Nw in kN :
Mw
t 10 4 30 mm
3
Eccentric Compresion Mw in kN.m, Nw in kN :
Mw
t 10 4 30 mm
3
take t = 400mm 11
Example
Mw =23.3 kN.m Nw = 37.0 kN
Mu =35.0 kN.m Nu = 55.5 kN
Mw 23.3
t 10 30
4
104 30 309 mm , take t = 400mm
3 3
6 23.3 103
f ct M w 0.874 N/mm 2
4002
f ct N w
37
0.0925 N/mm 2
400
f ct ( N w ) .0925
tv t 1 4001 442.3 mm = 1.6
f ct ( M w ) 0.874
12
fctr 0.6 fcu 0.6 25 3

f ct f ct ( N w ) f ct ( M w ) ctr
f

fct 0.0925 0.874
3
1.6
Reinforcement Calculations
M 35 1000
e u 630
Nu 55.5
es = e t/2 + cover = 630 200 + 30 = 460 mm
Mus = N . es = 25.53 kN.m 0.01
Assume max = 12 mm cr 0.85
f cu Nu 25 55.5 1000 1.15
As bd 0.011000 370
cr f y fy 0.85 360 0.85 360
cr
s
= 510 mm2
13
Deep Beams Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Design of Deep Beams

Deep Beams have Le/d less than
1.25 for Simply Supported beams
2.50 for Continuous beams
where Le = smaller of (1.05 Lclear and Lcl-cl )
Design of Deep Beams M
Tu u
yct
where yct = 0.87 d and not more than:
0.86Le for Simply Supported
0.43Le for Continuous Mid Span
0.37Le for Continuous at Support
T
As u
fy / s
14
Deep Beam Detailing
Simple Deep Beam

15
Simple Deep Beam Detailing

16
Deep Beam Detailing
Continuous Deep Beam

17
Continuous Deep Beam Detailing

18
Tanks General Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Type of Tanks
a - According to Position
Elevated
Resting on Soil Under Ground
b- According to Cross-Section
Rectangular Circular
19
Type of Rectangular Tank Walls

One way Two way
h
h
L h
In the vertical direction L

L/h > 2 Shallow Tank
1 < L/h or h/L < 2
Medium Tank
In the Horizontal direction
h/L > 2 Deep Tank L
20
Shallow Tank
Medium Tank
Deep Tank
21
Important Notes:
The tank classifications: shallow, deep, and medium refer to one
wall of the tank only and not the whole tank.
A rectangular tank can have walls belonging to different types
present next to each other
Medium
Shallow
22
Shallow Tanks Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Design of Shallow Tanks

Cantilever Wall
strip 1 m width
23
Cantilever Wall Cont.

24

Hinged Fixed Wall
strip 1 m width
25
Moment Distribution
Carry over = 0.5
Carry over = 0.0
Carry over = 0.0

26
Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.
Fixed End Moments After Moment Distribution

27

28

Fixed Fixed Wall
strip 1 m width
29
Fixed Fixed Wall Cont.

30
BMD Case 1
NFD
Note :
BMD could be either Case 1 or Case 2
depending on the height to span ratio of the
tank
BMD Case 2
4th year Civil
Lecture 2
Rectangular Tanks Continued
2
Example
a- Design the open channel tank shown below.
b- Design the top beam and tie
Given:
fcu = 25 N/mm2 fy = 360 N/mm2
Spacing between top ties is 5m.
Spacing between columns in the direction of the open channel is 6m.
3
Solution:
Concrete Dimensions: Assume tf = tw = 30cm

Loads:
ww hw w 5.0 10 50 kN/m2
w f t f c hw w 0.3 25 5.0 10 57.5 kN/m2
Distribution Factors:
0.75 I 5.0
Dba 0.6
0.75 I 5.0 0.5 I 5.0
Dbc 1 Dba 0.4
Fixed End Moments:
ww h 2 50 52
FEM ab 83.33 kN.m
15 15
wf l 2
57.5 52
FEM bc 119.8 kN.m
12 12
4
Reactions
50 52 50 52
5Ra 105.21 0 5Ra 105.21 20.62kN
6 6
50 52
Rb 20.62 104.38kN
2
Zero Shear
10 x 2 2 20.62
20.62 x 2.03
2 10
Max Positive Moment

10 x 3 10 2.033
M ive Ra x 20.62 2.03 27.92 kNm
6 6
5
Design of Sections
Section 1
Mw = 105.21 kNm, Tw = 143.75 kN (Water Side Section)
Mw 105.21
t 10 4 30 104 30 622.2mm take t = 700 mm
3 3
6 105.21103
f ct M w 1 .288 N/mm 2
f ct N w
143.75
0.205 N/mm 2
7002 700
f ct ( N w ) .205
tv t 1
7001 811.6 mm =1.7
f ct ( M w ) 1.288
fctr 0.6 fcu 0.6 25 3
6
f ct f ct ( N w ) f ct ( M w ) f ct .205 1.288 1.493

f ctr 3
(OK)
1.7
Mu = 105.21 x 1.5 = 157.8 kNm, Tu = 143.75 x 1.5 = 215.6 kN
M u 157.8 1000
e 731.9
Nu 215.6
es = e t/2 + cover = 731.9 350 + 30 = 411.9 mm
Mus = N . es = 88.8 kN.m 0.01
f cu Nu 25 215.6 1000 1.15
As bd 0.011000 670
cr f y f 0.75 360 0.75 360
y
cr
s
= 1538.67 mm2 choose 718 /m
7
Section 2
Mw = 74.48 kNm, Tw = 104.38 kN (Air Side Section, t=300mm)
Mu = 74.48 x 1.5 = 111.72 kNm, Tu = 104.38 x 1.5 = 156.57 kN
M u 111.8 1000
e 714.06
Nu 156.57
es = e t/2 + cover = 714.06 150 + 25 = 589.06 mm
Mus = N . es = 92.23 kN.m 0.06
f cu Nu 25 156.57 1000 1.15
As bd 0.06 1000 275
cr f y fy 0.85 360 0.85 360
cr
s
= 1936.46 mm2 choose 818 /m
8
Section 3
Mw = 27.92 kNm, Tw = 58.36 kN (Air Side Section, t=300mm)
Design similar to section 2
As = 712 /m
Design of Top beam and Tie
Tie: (axial tension Nw = 103.1 kN)
N w103 f cr 3 1.7 N w103 N w103

t 0.6 mm
bt 1.7 3 b b
9
b=250mm
N w103 103.1103
t 0.6 0.6 247.44mm
b 250
Take tie 250 x 250 mm
Nu = 1.5 x 103.1 = 154.65 kN
Nu 154.65 103
As 659 mm 2 Choose 4 16
fy 360
cr 0.75
s 1.15
Top Beam Case 1

Section 1 (water side -pure bending Mw = 42.96 kNm)
6M w 106 f cr 3 1.6 6M w Mw
t 106 107 mm
bt 2 1.6 3 b 3b
Mw 42.96 Take t=800mm

t 107 107 757mm
3b 3 250
10
Top Beam Reinforcement Calculations
Case (1)
Section 1
Design as Category 3 R Sec
Section 2
Design as Category 2 L Sec
11
Top Beam Reinforcement Calculations Cont.
Case (2)
Section 1
Design as Category 3 L Sec
Section 2
Design as Category 2 R Sec
12
Design Wall as Deep Beam

Load = ow + load from slab
Load = 0.3 x 5.0 x 25 x1.5 + 557.5 x 1.5 x 2.5=271.875 kN/m
Get Moment as Continuous beam with span 6m
M-ive = wL2/12=816 kN.m get T As
M+ive = wL2/24=408 kN.m get T As

13
Detailing Notes
Note (1)
14
Detailing Notes
Note (2)
15
Wall Floor Connection

Note (3)
Shallow Cantilever Deep
Shallow and Medium

16
Example Detailing
17
Deep Tanks Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Deep Tanks
Deflected Load Load in Load in

shape
Distribution Horizontal Vertical
Direction Direction
Deflected
shape in
Deep Tanks
18
Design of Deep Tanks

Design in the Vertical Direction
Take and in floor loads from Grashoff tables

19
Deep Tanks
FEM for wall load in the Vertical Direction
Fixed Free Fixed Hinged Fixed Fixed

20
Design of Deep Tanks Cont.

Design in the horizontal Direction
0.5 I L1 1 L1
Dab
0.5 I L1 0.5 I L2 1 L1 1 L2
Dad 1 Dab
Fixed End Moments:
0.75 w hL1 0.75 w hL2
2 2
FEM ab FEM ad
12 12
Final Moment:
M f FEM ab ( FEM ab FEM ad ) Dab

21
Deep Tanks - Design in the horizontal Direction Cont.
Final Bending Moment and Normal Force Diagrams

in the Horizontal Direction
22
Design of Walls as Deep Beam

For Beam L1
Repeat for Beam L2

23
Medium Tanks Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Medium Tanks
mL L1 0.76 L1
r
mh h 0.87h
Take and in wall loads form Grashoff tables
if mL L1 mh h PV wh PH wh
if mL L1 mh h PV wh PH wh assuming in above figure that
mLL1>mhh
Load in Horizontal Direction Load in Vertical Direction

24
Design of Medium Tanks

Strip 1 Strip 2
PV 1 1 wh PH 1 1 wh
PV 2 2 wh PH 2 2 wh
25
Medium Tanks
FEM for wall load in the Vertical Direction
Fixed Free Fixed Hinged Fixed Fixed

26
Design of Medium Tanks Cont.

27
Design of Medium Tanks Cont.

0.5 I L1 1 L1
Dab
0.5 I L1 0.5 I L2 1 L1 1 L2
Dad 1 Dab
Fixed End Moments:
2 2
0.75PH L1 0.75PH L2
FEM ab FEM ad
12 12
Final Moment:
M f FEM ab ( FEM ab FEM ad ) Dab

28
Medium Tanks - Design in the horizontal Direction Cont.
Final Bending Moment and Normal Force Diagrams

in the Horizontal Direction
29
Design of Walls as Deep Beam

For Beam L1
Repeat for Beam L2

30
Top Beams Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Design of Top Beams

Closed Frame without Ties
31
Design of Top Beams Cont.

Closed Frame without Ties Straining Actions
32

Closed Frame with Ties
33

Closed Frame with Ties Straining Actions
34
Corner Effects in Shallow Tanks
Shallow Tank
35
Corner Effects in Shallow Tanks Cont.
Free Top Hinged Top Fixed Top

36
Continuity Factor Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Continuity Factor for Cantilever Walls
All edges
Simply w
h
supported
(1-) w
The deflections of strip (1) and strip (2) at point a should be the same
5(1 ) wh 4 5wL4 h4 L4
(1 )h L 4 4
4 4 , 4 4
384 EI 384 EI L h L h
Grashoff Distribution
37
Continuity Factor Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Continuity Factor for Cantilever Walls

Free w
(1-) w
Simply Simply
supported supported
Fixed
L
The deflections of strip (1) and strip (2) at point a should be the same
(1 ) wh 4 5wL4 5L4 9.6h 4 (1.76h) 4
(1 )h
4
4 4
8EI 384 EI 48 L 9.6h 4
L (1.76h) 4
The continuity factor for free edge can be taken equal to 1.76
4th year Civil
Lecture 3
Under Ground Tanks and Tanks Resting on Soil
2
Prof. Abdel Hamid Zaghw
Tanks on Weak Soils
firm stratum
Deep foundation (piles) should be adopted

The Tank is designed as an elevated tank supported on piles
Supporting pressure under the tank is ignored in the design
Lateral pressure of the soil on the tank walls is considered in the design
3
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Tanks on Rigid Soils

Due to moment M the tank floor is curved
upwards.
At point b both the moment and slope are
equal to zero.
Using the conjugate beam method the slope
is the shear of the BMD divided by EI
1 wL2 2 1 ML 1
L 0
EI 8 3 2 2 3
wL3 ML M M
L2 4 L2
24 6 w w
4
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Tanks on Medium Soils

Assume L = 0.4 H for sandy soil
Assume L = 0.6 H for clayey soil
For L to be adequate check the

stresses under the tank floor
1 qallowable
2 0 for sandy soil
1
2 for clayey soil
2
5
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Design Steps Tanks Resting on soil

Step 1
Check the bearing capacity under the tank floor
If the bearing stress is unsafe increase floor

dimensions
6
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Design Steps Tanks Resting on soil Cont.

Step 2
Calculate the net stress under the tank floor
f net f gross direct load
7
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
For case of unsymmetrical loading

Calculate the gross stress under the tank as follows
W Total weight of tank including water
wwater = total weight of water only

8
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw

Step 3
Design the tank under the effect of the water pressure and
the net soil pressure
Vertical Direction Horizontal Direction

Notice that the normal force in the wall is due to
its own weight and not due to the floor reaction
as in the elevated tanks
9
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Example
10
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Solution
11
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Gross and Net Stresses

12
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Load Distribution
Final Moment and

normal force after
solving by moment
distribution
Notice that the normal force in the wall is due to

its own weight and not due to the floor reaction
as in the elevated tanks
13
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Load Distribution Final Moment and

normal force after
solving by moment
distribution
14
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Design Steps for Underground Tanks

Step 1
Check the bearing capacity under the tank floor
If the bearing stress is unsafe increase floor dimensions

Allowable bearing capacity = qall(net) + weight of removed soil +whw
15
Design Steps for Underground Tanks Cont.

Step 2
Check against uplift if water table exist
Water table can rise Water table reached its

maximum and cannot rise
above
16
If uplift is unsafe
Increase Gross Weight Use additional resisting
forces
(2) (3)
(1)
Protective
brick wall
PC
10cm PC
insulation
dowels
Use plain concrete footing of Use tension piles to resist the

Increase floor and
high depth. difference between the uplift
make use of the
The plain concrete footing and the gross weight.
additional soil weight
should be connected with the
in increasing the gross
tank floor with steel dowels.
weight.
17

Step 3
Calculate the net stress under the tank floor when the tank is full and
when it is empty
Empty Gross weight > Uplift Uplift > Empty Gross weight
No Tension Piles Tension Piles Used
=

18

Step 4
Design the tank under the effect of the water pressure and
the net soil pressure when the tank is full and empty.
Tank Full Tank Empty
Notice that:
The outer and inner layers of steel in both the horizontal and vertical
directions are calculated from the two tank conditions (full and empty)
19
Embedded Under Ground tanks
Loads on walls
4th year Civil
Lecture 4
Circular Tanks
2
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Design in the vertical direction

Calculate wall thickness, FEM, and max shear
- Calculate H/R2
- From curve get C1,C2,C3
3
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Or get C1,C2,C3 from table
C2 H 2 H D tmax
tmax C3 H R Qmax Mf
2 mt t
C1
t t m m m
t m m m3
cm m3 m m m m3
4
Example
Calculate the wall thickness, fixed end moments and max wall shear for
the shown tank
Solution
H/R2=4/36 = .11
From Tables
C1 = 8.74 C2 = .366 C3=. 762
tmax C3 H R .762 1 4 6 18.3 cm take tmax = 25cm
C2 H 2 .366 1 42
Qmax 2.93 t/m
2 2
H D tmax 1 4 12 .25
Mf 1.37 mt/m
C1 8.74
5
Calculate floor FEM

6
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Calculate wall stiffness
H
7
Calculate plate stiffness
Distribution Factors
8
Example
Calculate the stiffness of the walls and floor of the shown circular tank
Fcu =25 N/mm2
Solution
1-Wall stiffness
From Table S = 0.736
Ec .7 4400 25 15400 N/mm 2 15400 103 kN/m2 1.54 107 kN/m2

0.253
Stiff wall 0.736 1.54 10
7
44270.5 kNm/m
2-Floor stiffness
4
0.253
Stiff wall 0.104 1.54 10
7
4170.8 kNm/m
6
9
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
Final Radial and Tangential Bending Moments

10
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
For Circular Elevated Tanks

Floor Shear Qr
wf r wf r
wf r 2 wf r
Qr 2 2
2 r 2
Design of Sections
Radial Direction
Section Type M N
1 Water side Mf Qr (T)
2 Water side Mf Qmax (T)
3 Air side .2wfr2-Mf Qmax (T)
Tangential Direction
Section Type M N
2 Water side .1wfr2-Mt3 ---
3 Air side .2wfr2-Mf ---
11
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
For Circular Tanks Resting on Soil or Underground
Design of Sections
Radial Direction
Section Type M N
1 Water side Mf ctH (C)
2 Water side Mf Qmax (T)
3 Air side .2wfr2-Mf Qmax (T)
Tangential Direction
Section Type M N
2 Water side .1wfr2-Mt3 ---
3 Air side .2wfr2-Mf ---
12
Design in the Horizontal Direction

Calculate tav = (tmax + tmin)/2
Calculate H/D and H/tav
From Grays Tables get Co and C
Tmax Co ( w H ) R
H
X / CH
13
Design in the Horizontal Direction

14
Design of Wall in the Horizontal Direction
Find wall thickness t x at X /

If t x (mm) 0.6Tmax Increase thickness
Tu 1.5Tmax
Tu
As
fy
cr
s
15
Floor Reinforcement
4th year Civil
Lecture 5
Revision and Solving of Previous Exams
2
MAY 2006
3
Solution
1-Statical System
Since the wall height =4 m > 3m use top beam
Since the top beam span is 15 m it has to be divided by link members at 5 m spans
The floor is supported internally by 2 intersecting beams

4
5 5 5 7.5 7.5
5
7.5
7.5
5
Top View Bottom View

5
2-Loads
Walls
4
15 0.76
r 3.27 2 Shallow tank
4 0.87
ww H 10 4 40 kN/m2 15
Floors
7.5 0.76
r 1 0.5 7.5
7.5 0.76
7.5 4.0
tf 0.47 0.5 tw 0.4
16 10
w f w H ct f 10 4 25 .5 52.5 kN/m2
7.5
w w 0.5 52.5 26.3
7.5 7.5
6
symmetry
26.3 kN/m2 26.3 kN/m2

40 kN/m2 40 kN/m2 40 kN/m2
2-Analysis
0.43 0.53 0.75I w

Iw If
12 12 H
If
0.75I w If
Kw 1103 Kf 1.38 103 L
4 7.5
Kw Kf
Dw 0.42 Df 0.58
Kw K f Kw K f
7
FEM
40 42 26.3 7.52
Wall FEM w 42.67kN.m Floor FEM f 123.28kN.m
15 12
+(123.28-42.67)x.42
42.67
-123.28 +123.28
+(123.28-42.67)x.58x.5
+(123.28-42.67)x.58
8
Design of top beam

9
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
JUNE 2007
10
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
JUNE 2005-Question II
11
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
JUNE 2005-Question III

12
Solution
Shallow Tank
-Water Pressure is carried in vertical
direction only
h3 h2
Mf Qf
6 2
Ring Force =0
Sliding Base Tank

-Water Pressure is carried in the ring direction only
-Critical Section is at tank base
T ( h) R
Moment and shear in the vertical direction =0

13
JUNE 2005-Question IV
Solution
Assuming tank to be covered
14
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
JUNE 2004-Question IV
15
Prof. Abdel Hamid

Zaghw
JANUARY 2011-Question II
Solution
16
17
18
JANUARY 2011-Question III

19
1- DESIGN THE OUTER AND INNER WALLS

Solution
OUTER WALL
Vertical Direction
H/R2=6/7.752=0.1
From Tables
C1 = 8.8 C2 = .375 C3=.756
tmax C3 H R .756 1 6 7.75 35.154 cm take tmax = 40cm
C2 H 2 .375 1 62
Qmax 6.75 t/m 67.5 kN/m
2 2
H D tmax 1 6 15.5 .4
Mf 4.22 t.m/m 42.2 kN.m/m
C1 8.8
20
N w 1000 N w
f ct N w (kN)
60
0.15
bt t 400
6M w 106 6M w 103 6 42.2 103

f ct M w (kN.m) 1.583
bt2 t2 4002
f ( N ) .15
tv t 1 ct 4001 362mm = 1.6
ct f ( M ) 1. 583
21
f ctr 0.6 f cu 0.6 35 3.55 N/mm 2
f ct f ct ( N w ) f ct ( M w ) [.15 1.583] 1.433

3.55
1.6
es = e + t/2 - cover
Mus = N . es get R,
f cu Nu
As bd
cr f y fy
cr
s
Air Side Section
22
23
<
24
INNER WALL
25
Reinforcement
Design as a column (1000x300) subjected to

Compare with Asmin =0.25% Ac or 5 12
26
2- DESIGN OF FLOOR UNDER OUTER WALL
Section subjected to
Mf = 42.2 kN.m/m N=67.5 kN/m (tension)
Design as a water side section
27
3- CONCRETE DIMENSIONS AND REINFORCEMENT DETAILS

28
29
JANUARY 2011-Question IV
30
Solution
Assume tie width, b = 300mm
N w103 400 103

t 0.6 800mm
b 300
31
Elevated Tank 1
32
Solution
12 .76
r 2.33
4.5 .87
33
34
35

RC Simple Notions of Moment Distribution

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RC Simple Notions of Moment Distribution

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Reinforced Concrete Tanks

4th year Civil

Water Side sections are Category 3

Design of Water Side Sections

Calculate from the following table

Calculate the concrete cracking stress

Design of Water Side Sections

cr and Bar Diameter

fs N/mm2 Reduction Factor cr Largest Bar Diameter in mm max

WSD Steel 36/52 Steel 40/60 Category 1 Category 2 Category

Category Slabs and Walls All other

Approximate Depth Estimation

Axial Tension Nw in kN:

Eccentric Tension Mw in kN.m, Nw in kN :

Eccentric Compresion Mw in kN.m, Nw in kN :

fctr 0.6 fcu 0.6 25 3

Design of Deep Beams

Deep Beam Detailing

Simple Deep Beam

Simple Deep Beam Detailing

Deep Beam Detailing

Continuous Deep Beam

Continuous Deep Beam Detailing

Type of Rectangular Tank Walls

In the vertical direction L

Design of Shallow Tanks

Cantilever Wall Cont.

Design of Shallow Tanks

Carry over = 0.5

Carry over = 0.0

Carry over = 0.0

Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.

Fixed End Moments After Moment Distribution

Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.

Design of Shallow Tanks

Fixed Fixed Wall Cont.

Hinged Fixed Wall Cont.

Concrete Dimensions: Assume tf = tw = 30cm

Max Positive Moment

f ct f ct ( N w ) f ct ( M w ) f ct .205 1.288 1.493

Design of Top beam and Tie

Tie: (axial tension Nw = 103.1 kN)

N w103 f cr 3 1.7 N w103 N w103

Top Beam Case 1

Mw 42.96 Take t=800mm

Top Beam Reinforcement Calculations

Top Beam Reinforcement Calculations Cont.

Design Wall as Deep Beam

Load = 0.3 x 5.0 x 25 x1.5 + 557.5 x 1.5 x 2.5=271.875 kN/m

Get Moment as Continuous beam with span 6m

M-ive = wL2/12=816 kN.m get T As

M+ive = wL2/24=408 kN.m get T As

Wall Floor Connection

Shallow Cantilever Deep

Shallow and Medium

Deflected Load Load in Load in

Design of Deep Tanks

Take and in floor loads from Grashoff tables

Fixed Free Fixed Hinged Fixed Fixed

Design of Deep Tanks Cont.

M f FEM ab ( FEM ab FEM ad ) Dab

Deep Tanks - Design in the horizontal Direction Cont.

Final Bending Moment and Normal Force Diagrams