Clusula. Los conocimientos colectivos que se incluyen en el presente Clause. The collective knowledge included in this catalog is the
catlogo son propiedad intelectual exclusiva de los proveedores originales exclusive intellectual property of the original suppliers of the
de la informacin, es decir, de las comunidades campesinas y caseros que information, namely the farmer communities and villages that
proporcionaron dicha informacin, de acuerdo a lo dispuesto por la Ley provided said information, pursuant to the provisions of Law
27811 de la Repblica del Per (*), tal como lo especifica el consentimiento 27811 of the Republic of Peru (*), as specified in the prior informed
informado previo firmado entre las comunidades o caseros de San Juan, consent signed by the communities or villages of San Juan, La
La Soledad, Canucubamba, Macullida, Las Colpas, Arcopampa y Chugay, Soledad, Canucubamba, Macullida, Las Colpas, Arcopampa and
la Asociacin Pataz, el Instituto Nacional de Innovacin Agraria (INIA) y el Chugay, Pataz Association, National Institute for Agricultural
Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP). Innovation (INIA) and the International Potato Center (CIP).
(*) Ley que establece el Rgimen de Proteccin de los Conocimientos (*) Law that sets down the Protection Regime for the Collective
Colectivos de los Pueblos Indgenas y Comunidades Campesinas Knowledge of Indigenous Peoples and Peasant Communities
vinculados a los Recursos Biolgicos, promulgada el 24 de julio de 2002. linked with Biological Resources, passed on July 24, 2002.
Impreso en el Per por Tarea Asociacin Grfica Educativa Pasaje Mara Auxiliadora 156-164, Brea tareagrafica@tareagrafica.com
10 Agradecimiento / Acknowledgments
14 Prlogo / Foreword
16 Introduccin / Introduction
Este trabajo es fruto de una colaboracin multiinstitucional entre la Asociacin Pataz (AP), el
Programa Nacional de Races y Tuberosas del Instituto Nacional de Innovacin Agraria (INIA),
el Centro Internacional de la Papa (CIP) y autoridades locales. Cada institucin brind su
experticia para la investigacin, desde la conduccin de ensayos de caracterizacin en campos
de agricultores y fotografa de las plantas, hasta la caracterizacin molecular y nutricional en
el laboratorio. La Asociacin Pataz ha sido muy generosa y ha financiado la realizacin de los
trabajos de campo y laboratorio, as como la realizacin de la publicacin que usted tiene en
sus manos.
En especial queremos agradecer a la Estacin Experimental Baos del Inca del INIA, la
Municipalidad Distrital de Chugay, el equipo de campo de la Asociacin Pataz, y al Laboratorio
de Calidad y Nutricin e investigadores del Programa de Recursos Genticos del CIP por las
facilidades y el apoyo recibido con su personal especializado para el logro de este catlogo.
Creemos que el fruto de varios aos de trabajo que se plasma en este catlogo ser de mucha
utilidad para los tomadores de decisiones, investigadores, agricultores y en general, toda
persona interesada en la conservacin de la agrobiodiversidad andina.
The authors wish to express deep gratitude to the farmers from the localities of San Juan
Alto, La Soledad, Canucubamba, Macullida, Las Colpas, Arcopampa, and Chugay, high
Andean zones of the region of La Libertad, for allowing us to visit their communities and
for sharing with us their knowledge regarding the management of the diversity of ancestral
potato varieties. The descriptions of ancestral varieties or landraces in this catalog are,
to a large extent, based on their expertise. These farmers are the custodians of the potato
agrobiodiversity being conserved in the region of La Libertad, Peru.
This work is the fruit of a multi-institutional collaboration between the Pataz Association (AP),
the National Roots and Tubers Program of the National Institute for Agricultural Innovation
(INIA), the International Potato Center (CIP), and local authorities. Each institution contributed
its specialized knowledge to the research, from the implementation of characterization trials in
farmers fields and photography of the plants, to the molecular and nutrition characterization
in the laboratory. The Pataz Association has been most generous in funding the field and
laboratory work, as well as the production of the publication you now hold in your hands.
In particular we want to thank the INIA Experimental Station of Baos del Inca, the District
Municipality of Chugay, the field team of the Pataz Association, and the researchers of the
CIP Quality and Nutrition Laboratory and Genetic Resource Program, for the facilities and the
support received from their specialized staff toward the completion of this catalog.
We are very much aware of the importance of farmers conservation of ancestral varieties.
These farmers provide an extremely important service to the global community: they manage
a unique diversity and promote dynamic evolution, while, at the same time, preserving the
local culture associated with cultivation. It is regrettable that the scientific community is
not yet investing seriously in programs for the systematic monitoring of in situ conserved
diversity. However, we trust that this baseline catalog will make it possible to compare the
conservation status of the diversity in Chugay in the future.
We believe that the fruit of several years of work materialized in this catalog will be of great
use to decision-makers, researchers, farmers, and in general everybody who is interested in
the conservation of Andean agrobiodiversity.
He was born in the district of Chugay on July 28, 1965, to Isaac Juvencio Malqui Snchez
and his wife, Semirames Cruzado Obando. For his elementary and high school education
he attended School N 80140 in the district of Chugay, where he was an outstanding
student, obtaining the award for excellence in both the primary and the secondary level.
He then started teaching in the village of El Alizar. He completed his tertiary studies in the
Huamachuco Public Institute of Higher Technology, in the city of Huamachuco, province
of Snchez Carrin, from 1987 to 1989, earning his professional title in the specialty of
Agriculture and Livestock Production.
In 1990 he was employed by the former National Project for the Management of
Hydrographic Basins and Soil Conservation (PRONAMACHS), which is now AGRO RURAL,
until he was elected mayor of his district for the period 2011-2014. During his time in
office, he gave strong support to agriculture, promoting production projects that made
effective use of the natural resources. He also signed agreements with rural development
and research institutions, such as Pataz Association, CIP, INIA, ADEFOR, SOCODEVI, PSI, AGRO
RURAL, SENASA, and FONCODES. Among the many tasks undertaken, he placed emphasis
on revaluing the biodiversity proper to the district of Chugay, and in particular on promoting
the value of ancestral potato varieties.
Este catlogo de variedades de papa nativa del distrito de Chugay, provincia de Snchez Carrin,
regin La Libertad, constituye una muestra de la diversidad gentica de las papas nativas que los
agricultores del lugar mantienen en sus campos, y de los conocimientos que ello implica sobre su
preservacin y mantenimiento, lo que demuestra una vasta cultura ancestral y un aporte valioso
al conocimiento cientfico. Este catlogo se puede usar en diferentes formas: como un inventario
que permite vigilar el estado de conservacin de las variedades a futuro; como gua para estudiar
nuevos atributos de estas variedades por ejemplo en el campo de la cocina y de potenciales
variedades con carcter comercial para la generacin de ingresos econmicos, y para tener
mejores posibilidades frente a la inseguridad alimentaria.
El trabajo que presentamos es uno de los productos del proyecto Caracterizacin de Papas
Nativas del distrito de Chugay, regin La Libertad, que se inici en 2010. El proyecto ha sido
posible gracias al apoyo financiero de la Compaa Minera Poderosa S.A. La coordinacin e
implementacin tcnica estuvo a cargo de la Asociacin Pataz, la Estacin Experimental Agraria
Baos del Inca del Instituto Nacional de Innovacin Agraria (INIA), el Centro Internacional de la
Papa y la Municipalidad Distrital de Chugay.
Se inicia con la historia del cultivo de papas nativas en Chugay, escrito por investigadores de la
Asociacin Pataz, el INIA y el CIP. Luego, se describen las comunidades y familias participantes, una
lectura que le permitir conocer cmo es la tarea de preservar las papas nativas. Seguidamente
se explican los mtodos empleados para la documentacin de la biodiversidad de papas nativas.
Por ltimo, lo ms importante, usted encontrar una descripcin detallada de las variedades
documentadas.
Esperamos que esta pequea muestra de la gran diversidad biolgica de especies y variedades
de papa nativa sirva de inspiracin para los agricultores jvenes, quienes tienen en sus manos
una valiosa herencia de sus antepasados que es necesario mantener y promover. A la vez, para
instituciones en otras regiones de los Andes, para que poco a poco se logren documentar las
variedades que se mantienen in-situ en los diferentes microcentros.
This Catalog of Ancestral Potato Varieties from the district of Chugay, province of Snchez
Carrin, in the region of La Libertad, shows the genetic diversity of the potato landraces
that the farmers conserve in their fields, and the knowledge that this implies regarding their
preservation and maintenance; and while it bears witness to a vast ancestral culture, at the
same time it makes a valuable contribution to scientific knowledge. This catalog can be used
in different ways: as a baseline inventory to monitor the conservation status of the varieties
in years to come; as a guide for studying new attributes of these varieties for example in
the area of cuisine and a source of potential varieties to be promoted for the generation of
income and better options for coping with food insecurity.
The work presented is one of the products of the project Characterization of Ancestral
Potatoes from the district of Chugay, region of La Libertad, which began in 2010. The project
was made possible thanks to the financial support of the Mining Company PODEROSA S.A.
The coordination and technical implementation were carried out by the Pataz Association,
the Baos del Inca Experimental Agricultural Station of the National Institute for Agricultural
Innovation (INIA), the International Potato Center (CIP), and the District Municipality of Chugay.
The books starts with the story of the cultivation of potatoes in Chugay, written by
researchers from the Pataz Association, INIA and CIP. This section is followed by a description
of the communities and the participating families, which gives us a glimpse into the tasks
involved in preserving the ancestral potato varieties. Next, the methods used to document
the biodiversity of potato are explained. The last and most important section concerns
the detailed description of the varieties that have been documented.
We hope that this small sample of the biological diversity of cultivated potato species and
ancestral varieties will be an inspiration to the young farmers, who have in their hands a
valuable legacy from their ancestors, a legacy that needs to be preserved and promoted.
We trust that it will also motivate institutions in other regions of the Andes to gradually
document the varieties being conserved in situ in the different diversity hotspots.
CULTIVATING ANCESTRAL
POTATOES IN CHUGAY COLOMBIA
ECUADOR
HISTORY
The origin of cultivated potatoes dates back to the first
diploid ancestral varieties, probably belonging to the
Stenotomum group, domesticated by pre-Colombian La Libertad PER
PER
farmers from species that were growing in the wild.
Evidence situates the first signs of potato cultivation
around Lake Titicaca, about 8,000 years ago (Spooner
et al., 2005). Archaeological evidence suggests that the BOLIVIA
potato was domesticated by women, while the men did
the hunting and fishing. Nowadays, too, it is the women
who play a very important role in seed selection (Tapia
and De La Torre, 1992).
Especie / Species Ploida / Ploidy Grupo de cultivares / Cultivar Group Presente en Chugay / Present in Chugay
Tabla Table 2. Calendario de cultivo de papa nativa en Chugay. Crop calendar for native potatoes in Chugay
Siembra / Sowing
Aporque / Hilling up
Cosecha / Harvest
Venta / Sale
a ser utilizadas cuando les tocaba el turno de pastoreo. Poco a poco se settled in the place and rented the land. The territory
afincaron en el lugar, arrendando dichas tierras. El territorio se convirti became a village of the district of Sarn. It should be noted
en un casero del distrito de Sarn. Cabe anotar que este distrito es el ms that this is the oldest district, having been created on
antiguo, al haber sido creado el 3 de noviembre de 1890. November 3, 1890.
Este casero se ubica a unos 13 km de distancia al este de Chugay. This village is located some 13 km east of Chugay. The
Se cuenta que el nombre de casero se refiere a un lugar con pozos name of the village is said to refer to a place with dry wells
secos sin agua. Se legaliz oficialmente en el ao 2000. Cuenta con without water. It was legally registered in 2000. It has basic
servicios bsicos como agua entubada aunque no potable, con una services such as piped water, a simple sewerage system,
simple red de alcantarillado, luz elctrica y educacin nivel primaria. El electricity, and an elementary school. The village is home to
casero alberga 60 familias, que se dedican al manejo de sus cultivos,
60 families, who cultivate their crops, basically potato, and
bsicamente papa, y a la produccin bovina.
do cattle farming.
El casero est ubicado a 14 km al norte de la This village is situated 14 km north of the capital, Chugay. It owes its name
capital Chugay. Debe su nombre a ser tierra de to the fact that it is a place where cortaderas or Pampas grass grows. This is
cortaderas (Se denomina as a una especie botnica a species of very tall rhyzomatous grass, native to southern South America,
de pastos rizomatosos muy altos, endmica del sur also known as plumero, plumerillo (feather duster grass), cola de zorro (foxtail
de Sudamrica, tambin conocida como plumero, grass), carrizo de la Pampa (Pampas reed), paja penacho (plume grass),
plumerillo, cola de zorro, carrizo de la Pampa, paja
cortadera, etc. The village has basic services such as piped water, latrines,
penacho, cortadera, etc.). Actualmente el casero
electricity, and an initial and elementary school. It is predominantly a potato-
tiene 35 familias y fue legalizado jurdicamente
growing area. Each family manages 8 to 40 varieties. Modern varieties are
en 1983. Cuenta con servicios de agua entubada
aunque no potable, solo tienen letrinas, luz sold in this village, since the ancestral varieties are normally used only for
elctrica, educacin inicial y primaria. Es una zona family consumption.
netamente papera y cada familia maneja entre 8
a 40 variedades. En este casero se comercializan
variedades mejoradas, ya que las nativas se destinan
por lo general exclusivamente al consumo familiar.
Se ubica a unos 45 km al noreste de Chugay. Debe su nombre a que The village is located 45 km northeast of Chugay. It owes
antiguamente en el lugar exista un mineral llamado colpa, utilizado its name to the fact that there used to be a mineral called
como adherente para teir lanas. Este mineral abundaba especialmente colpa in this place, which was used as an adherent for
en las partes altas. Actualmente Las Colpas alberga a unas 45 familias. dyeing wool. This mineral was particularly abundant in
El casero se legaliz en 1985. Los servicios bsicos del casero son: luz the high altitudes. At present Las Colpas is home to some
elctrica, agua entubada aunque no potablesolo tienen letrinas 45 families. The village was legally registered in 1985.
y educacin inicial y primaria. En estas tierras se mantiene mucha The village has the following basic services: electricity,
diversidad de papa. En los ltimos aos la variedad Peruanita ha ganado piped water, latrines, and an initial and elementary school.
importancia para la comercializacin. Considerable potato diversity is conserved by farmers in
the village. The Peruanita variety has gained importance for
marketing over the past few years.
Don Mximo Ruiz Polo (57 aos) y su esposa, doa Mara Santos Mximo Ruiz Polo (57 years) and his wife, Mara Santos
Ros Rodrguez (61 aos), viven en el casero de San Juan, sector Ros Rodrguez (61 years), live in the village of San Juan, in
cortadera. Tienen tres hijos ya adultos. La familia cultiva papas nativas the Cortadera sector. They have three adult children. The
por generaciones. Los padres y abuelos de don Mximo cultivaban family has been growing potatoes for generations. Mximos
estas papas y l contina con esta tradicin. Doa Mara seala: Las parents and grandparents cultivated these potatoes and
papas nos hacen recordar a nuestra juventud y los sabores nos he continues the tradition. Mara says: The potatoes
traen recuerdos. Para nosotros las variedades La Pancha, Ajiseco, remind us of when we were young, and the flavors bring
Camotilla, Carganaka, Lampina, Yameina, Nariz de Ternero y Chano back memories. We find the varieties La Pancha, Ajiseco,
de Perro son las ms agradables por su sabor. Son muy harinosas. Camotilla, Carganaka, Lampina, Yameina, Nariz de
Don Mximo anualmente siembra hasta 40 arrobas de estas variedades Ternero and Chano de Perro to be the best-tasting. They
de papas nativas. are floury potatoes. Every year Mximo plants up to 40
arrobas of these ancestral varieties.
La familia guarda toda la produccin de sus papas nativas y las
consumen conforme las requieren. No las comercializan, salvo en casos The family keep the whole production of their potato
de pedidos muy puntuales. Don Mximo indica: Yo tena la tradicin landraces and eat them as needed. They do not sell them,
de enterrar las papas una vez cosechadas, tapndolas con rastrojos unless they have received very specific orders. Mximo
durante un ao, pasado este tiempo las desenterrbamos y poco a explains: I had the tradition of burying the potatoes when
poco sacbamos lo que utilizbamos para el consumo. Desde hace they had been harvested, covering them with stubble for
algunos aos guardo las cosechas en el terrado de la casa. Para la a year, and after that we would dig them up and little by
siembra, la familia no utiliza ningn fertilizante, ni tampoco pesticidas little we would take the quantities we needed to eat. But
para controlar las plagas y enfermedades. Dice don Mximo: Solo uso for some years now I have been keeping the harvests in the
abono de ovejas y a veces abono de lombriz. Estas papas las cultivo terrado [attic area] of the house. When planting, Mximo
naturalmente. Para la siembra siempre escogemos terrenos nuevos y and his family do not use any fertilizer; neither do they
bien descansados. Antiguamente una planta llegaba a producir ms use pesticides to control pests and diseases. Mximo says:
de un kilo de papas. En la actualidad la familia cuenta con unas sesenta I only use sheeps manure and sometimes earthworm
variedades de papas nativas. compost. These potatoes, I grow them naturally. For
planting, we always choose new, well rested fields. Before,
one plant used to produce more than a kilo of potatoes.
The family currently managed about 60 ancestral varieties.
Elmer Yupanqui Segura (38 aos) y su esposa Santos Elmer Yupanqui Segura (38 years) and his wife, Santos Eulalia Ruiz Ros (35
Eulalia Ruiz Ros (35 aos) viven en el casero San years), live in the village of San Juan. Their children range from 4 to 11 years of
Juan. Sus hijos tienen entre 4 y 11 aos de edad. Elmer age. Elmer comments that he began to get interested in ancestral varieties at
comenta que comenz a interesarse por las papas the agriculture-and-livestock fairs, where the regions diversity was exhibited,
nativas en las ferias agropecuarias, donde se exhiba la and he then started to collect one variety after another. Originally he had only
diversidad de la regin y as empez a recolectar una five varieties, but now he cultivates some 77 ancestral varieties. He wants to
tras otra. Inicialmente tena tan solo cinco variedades, become a potato guardian and increase the number, so he takes great care
pero actualmente cultiva cerca de 77 variedades with his crops.
nativas y quiere convertirse en un agricultor rescatista e
incrementar su nmero, razn por la cual las cultiva con Elmer comments: My vocation to grow potatoes comes from my ancestors.
mucho esmero. My parents and grandparents cultivated these varieties, though at present
many of the varieties have become scarce. I love the different shapes and
Elmer comenta: Mi vocacin de cultivar papas nativas flavors. When they are in flower, the fields are beautiful, they look like
viene desde mis antepasados, pues mis padres y gardens full of flowers. The family use the whole production for home
abuelos cultivaban estas variedades y actualmente consumption. Santos affirms: It is important for us to value these potatoes
muchas se han vuelto escasas. Me encantan las because they are tasty they have such a special flavor. When we are
diferentes formas y sabores. En la poca de floracin harvesting, we start working very early, but a break with a good dish of
las chacras se ven hermosas, como un jardn de flores. different ancestral varieties makes up for it all.
La familia destina toda la produccin de sus papas al
consumo familiar. Santos afirma: Es importante que
valoremos estas papas porque son muy sabrosas
y tienen un gusto especial. Cuando cosechamos,
trabajamos desde temprano, pero un descanso con un
plato de papas embrosadas recompensa todo.
Don Daniel Lara Rodrguez (67 aos) y doa Elidia Reinilda Jara Daniel Lara Rodrguez (67 years) and Elidia Reinilda Jara Ros (66
Ros (66 aos) viven en el casero de Macullida. Tienen siete hijos. years) live in the village of Macullida. They have seven children.
Don Daniel aprendi a cultivar y tener inters por las variedades de Daniel learned to grow potatoes and take an interest in the
papas desde muy nio, al observar como sus padres las cultivaban different varieties at a very young age, watching how his parents
y el sabor que tenan. Don Daniel comenta: Antiguamente, con grew the potatoes and enjoying their flavor. Daniel comments:
mi pap cultivbamos alrededor de ciento cincuenta variedades, Before, my father and I used to cultivate about 150 varieties,
pero actualmente tendr unas cuarenta de esas an. Mis hijos but now I must still have about 40. My children conserve these
igualmente mantienen estas variedades con mucha dedicacin. varieties too, dedicating a lot of time to them. It seems that
Pareciera que algunas variedades ya no producen como antes certain varieties simply dont produce like they used to and so
y por eso se han ido perdiendo. Pero tambin hay otras que they have been getting lost. But on the other hand, some others
han aparecido y que prosperan bien aqu. La familia destina la have appeared and are doing well here. The family use the
produccin netamente al consumo familiar y solamente venden whole production of these varieties for their own consumption;
variedades mejoradas como Serranita y Amarilis. they only sell modern varieties such as Serranita and Amarilis.
Doa Elidia aclara: Antiguamente cultivbamos variedades como Elidia explains: Before, we used to grow varieties such as
Juanita, Retama, Amapola, Carganaka, Camotilla, Chilca, Lampina, Juanita, Retama, Amapola, Carganaka, Camotilla, Chilca,
Shuita y otras que actualmente ya casi no se pueden encontrar. Yo Lampina, Shuita, and others that you can hardly find
s tengo una preferencia por estas variedades de papa. A mi esposo nowadays. I prefer these varieties of potato. My husband is
le agrada mucho la Limea y la Shakuka, por tener un sabor muy more partial to the Limea and Shakuka varieties because they
agradable. Al reflexionar sobre el cultivo en mezcla, localmente have a very good flavor. Reflecting on the mixed cultivation,
conocido como papa embrosada, don Daniel indica: La cosecha se locally known as papa embrosada, Daniel explains: We do the
realiza a travs de mingas: personas que apoyan en la actividad harvesting as a group, with the minga system: people come
y no hacen una seleccin. Se genera una mezcla de variedades al and help in the activity but they dont do any selection. So there
momento de cosecharlas. Y de la misma forma, la siembra se realiza is a mixture of varieties when they are harvested. And in the
con mezclas. Si bien es cierto que genera una confusin, pero same way, the planting is done with mixed varieties. Although
nosotros, los productores, de alguna forma as las conservamos. this can create confusion, we producers somehow conserve
Los antiguos manifiestan que la siembra simultnea reduce them in this way. The old farmers say that this simultaneous
el dao de las heladas y el ataque de plagas y enfermedades, growth reduces damage from frost or from pests and diseases,
mientras que se mantiene buena produccin. Don Daniel aade: while maintaining good production. Daniel adds: In the old
Antiguamente tampoco realizaba ningn abonamiento ni mucho days we didnt do any fertilizing, let alone pest and disease
menos haca controles de plagas y enfermedades, todo lo realizaba control, everything grew naturally. Now we sometimes have to
naturalmente. Hoy en da a veces nos toca buscar remedios. use chemicals on the crop.
Don Gregorio Carbajal Pea (51 aos) y su esposa Casilda Gregorio Carbajal Pea (51 years) and his wife, Casilda Marquina Rodrguez
Marquina Rodrguez (49 aos) viven en el casero de La (49 years), live in the village of La Soledad. They have four children. Gregorio is
Soledad. Tienen cuatro hijos. Don Gregorio es conocido known locally as a potato custodian. He comments: Ive been growing these
localmente como un guardin de las papas. Comenta: varieties for more than 30 years. I became interested when I was young and
Hace ms de treinta aos vengo cultivando papas I used to take part in the communal work, helping neighbors and relatives
nativas. Me ha interesado desde joven cuando sala in the mingas at planting and harvest time. I realized that some of the
a hacer trabajos comunales, apoyar a los vecinos y neighbors had a great diversity of potatoes, and thats when I got interested
familiares en las mingas de siembra y cosecha. Me di in cultivating them. To start with, I had about 50 varieties, but now I am
cuenta que algunos vecinos tenan una gran diversidad cultivating 110.
de papas. Desde ah me ha interesado cultivarlas.
Inicialmente tena unas cincuenta variedades, pero Gregorio cultivates his potatoes with great care and does not neglect any
actualmente vengo cultivando ciento diez. detail. He says that they are his heritage and he will carry on cultivating them
until the day he dies. Casilda, referring to her husband, adds: For a long time
Don Gregorio cultiva sus papas con mucho empeo y he has been growing the varieties of Huayra, Tulpina, Pueta, Shakuka,
esmero y no descuida ninguna labor. Dice que son su Carganaka, Camotilla, Limea and Lampina. He has Renacimiento, too,
patrimonio y las seguir cultivando hasta que se muera. which is a white potato. The family are very proud to have worked with the
Doa Casilda, refirindose a su esposo, agrega: Desde researchers on the documentation of the potatoes grown in Chugay. Casilda
antes l cultiva las variedades Huayra, Tulpina, Pueta, says: When we cook the potatoes after a good harvest, we are all happy. All
Shakuka, Carganaka, Camotilla, Limea y Lampina. the varieties have their special flavor, but the ones I like best are Shakuka
Tambin tiene Renacimiento, que es una papa blanca. and Pueta.
La familia siente mucho orgullo de haber trabajado junto
con los investigadores en la documentacin de las papas
de Chugay. Doa Casilda indica: Cuando cocinamos
las papas despus de una buena cosecha nos ponemos
alegres. Todas tienen su sabor especial, pero me agrada
ms el sabor de la Shakuka y la Pueta.
Confesor Marquina Ros (39 aos) y Eduarda Carbajal Mauricio (37 aos) Confesor Marquina Ros (39 years) and Eduarda Carbajal
viven en el casero de La Soledad. Tienen cuatro hijos. Confesor comenta Mauricio (37 years) live in the village of La Soledad. They
que sus padres cultivaban papas nativas como Shakuka, Carganaka, Rin have four children. Confesor comments that his parents
de Buey, Lampina y Limea que, para l, son las mejores entre todas las cultivated potatoes such as Shakuka, Carganaka, Rin de
variedades por su agradable sabor. Eduarda afirma: Las papas primerizas Buey, Lampina and Limea which, in his opinion, are the
son muy harinosas y cuando las almacenamos se vuelven cada vez best varieties of all because of their good flavor. Eduarda
ms dulces. Las nativas son importantes para la comida, pues son ms says: The first early potatoes are very floury and when
agradables y saludables en comparacin a las mejoradas. we store them, they gradually get sweeter. The local
potatoes are important for our meals, because they are
Toda la produccin familiar se destina al consumo en casa. La familia tastier and healthier than the modern varieties.
tambin siembra variedades mejoradas como Serranita y Amarilis, para
el comercio. Confesor dice: Tengo inters de seguir conservando y The whole production is used for family consumption. They
ampliando el nmero de variedades de papas nativas. Tengo ms de also plant modern varieties such as Serranita and Amarilis,
cien variedades y las mantengo con mucha dedicacin y espero seguir for the market. Confesor says: Im interested in carrying
incrementando el nmero de estas. on with the conservation of potatoes. I have more than
100 varieties, and I conserve them with great dedication.
I hope to continue increasing the number.
Don Arcadio Chacn Araujo (67 aos) y doa Fidencia Arcadio Chacn Araujo (67 years) and Fidencia vila Vsquez (63 years) live
vila Vsquez (63 aos) viven en el casero de in the village of Arcopampa. They have 10 children. Arcadio says: All my
Arcopampa. Tienen diez hijos. Cuenta don Arcadio: life I have cultivated most of these potatoes. At the beginning I inherited
Toda mi vida he cultivado la mayora de estas papas. about 30 varieties from my parents; I remember some of them: Chilca,
En un comienzo he heredado unas treinta variedades Pueta, Clavela, Yameina, Lampina, Chalanera, Raz de Palo, Ojo de
de mis padres, de las que recuerdo a Chilca, Pueta, Buey, atas, and Perritas. He likes all these varieties because they are
Clavela, Yameina, Lampina, Chalanera, Raz de Palo, part of his family legacy. Fidencia adds: Their natural flavor when we eat
Ojo de Buey, atas y Perritas. Todas estas variedades them is very pleasant. We find them tastier and of better quality than the
le agradan porque son parte de su legado familiar. modern varieties.
Doa Fidencia dice: Su sabor natural, que se siente
al comerlas es muy agradable. Consideramos que At present they cultivate some 60 varieties, which are basically for family
son ms ricas y de mejor calidad que las variedades consumption. Arcadio would like to continue adding to the number of
mejoradas. varieties. He comments: When the neighbors come to work here in the
minga, we pay them with a mixture of potatoes (embrosada). They
Actualmente la familia cultiva unas sesenta variedades always come to us because they all know that we have good potatoes to
que son bsicamente para el consumo familiar. A don pay them with. Im curious about something, though I sometimes think
Arcadio le gustara seguir incrementando el nmero de they take the potatoes to use as seed and not for eating.
variedades. Comenta que: Cuando vienen a trabajar
los vecinos aqu en la minga les pagamos con papa
embrosada. Siempre nos buscan porque todos saben
que tenemos buenas papas para la recompensa. Me
da curiosidad porque a veces creo que llevan las papas
para semilla y no para comer.
Don Aquilino Fabin Rondo (62 aos) y doa Elena Marquina Cruz (57 Aquilino Fabin Rondo (62 years) and Elena Marquina Cruz
aos) viven en el casero de Canucubamba. Tienen siete hijos. Don (57 years) live in the village of Canucubamba. They have
Aquilino comenta: Vengo cultivando estas papas nativas desde hace seven children. Aquilino comments: I have been growing
cincuenta aos. Antes, cuando trabajaba con mis padres, tenamos these varieties for 50 years. Before, when I worked with my
ms de cien variedades diferentes. Algunas ya no producen en estos parents, we had more than 100 different varieties. Some
tiempos, por el problema de la rancha. of them dont produce any more now, because of the late
blight problem.
Las variedades que la familia siempre ha cultivado son Limea,
Carganaka, Shakuka, Raz de Palo, Lampina y Chano de Perro. Segn The varieties that the family have always grown are Limea,
don Aquilino son las mejores en sabor y rendimiento. Don Aquilino s Carganaka, Shakuka, Raz de Palo, Lampina and Chano de
comercializa sus papas nativas pues comenta que rinden bien y tienen Perro. According to Aquilino They are the best for flavor
un buen precio en el mercado. Indica: Por ser muy agradables la and yield. Aquilino does sell his potatoes because he
gente busca esta papa y no regatean tanto el precio. Pero al mercado comments that they yield well and fetch a good price in the
tambin llevamos Amarilis, Huevo de Indio y Yungay. market. He says: Since they are so tasty, people look for
these potatoes and dont mind the higher price. But we also
take Amarilis, Huevo de Indio and Yungay to the market.
Don Santiago Sandoval Ruiz (61 aos) y doa Adriana Santiago Sandoval Ruiz (61 years) and Adriana Mallqui Murga (62 years) live in
Mallqui Murga (62 aos) viven en el casero de San the village of San Juan. They have eight children. Santiago comments: These
Juan. Tienen ocho hijos. Don Santiago comenta: Estas potatoes I have inherited from my parents. Ever since I can remember,
papas nativas las he heredo de mis padres. Desde I used to go to the fields with my parents and I learned how to grow the
que tena uso de razn acompaaba a mis padres a la potatoes and became interested in conserving the different varieties.
chacra y de ah aprend a cultivarlas y tomar inters At present the family conserve 30 ancestral varieties. They are for home
por conservar las variedades. En la actualidad, la consumption only. Santiago says: Many neighbors tell us that they have
familia mantiene treinta variedades de papas nativas. lost varieties because of the late blight problem. It doesnt let them produce
Son nicamente para el consumo familiar. Dice don well any more. For my part, I try to avoid chemical fertilizers, because I
Santiago: Muchos vecinos nos comentan que han want to keep the production as it was cultivated before.
perdido variedades por el problema de la rancha. Ya
no les deja producir bien. Por mi parte trato de evitar Adriana enthusiastically tells how they use the potatoes: We boil these
los fertilizantes qumicos, pues deseo conservar la potatoes and also use them in various dishes such as soups and stews.
produccin como anteriormente se cultivaba. We make potato pure, too, and potato omelettes. Because of their tasty
flavor and good yield we like Llameina, Carganaka, Cuerno de Buey,
Doa Adriana cuenta con entusiasmo: Cocinamos Chilca, Chano de Perro, Huayra, Pueta, Amarilla, Rueda Mula, Julcanera,
estas papas y tambin las usamos en varios platos Canasta, Limea, Shakuka, and of course Chaucha. The Chauchas are
como sopas y guisos. Tambin purs o tortilla de an early-maturing variety and the family keep them apart from the other
papa. Por su agradable sabor y rendimiento nos gusta varieties. Santiago says: The Chauchas are really special and we grow
la Llameina, Carganaka, Cuerno de Buey, Chilca, them all year round. We harvest them and immediately plant them again,
Chano de Perro, Huayra, Pueta, Amarilla, Rueda because they are already sprouting when you take them from the soil.
Mula, Julcanera, Canasta, Limea, Shakuka y por
supuesto la Chaucha. Las chauchas son muy precoces
y la familia las mantiene separadamente de las otras
variedades. Dice don Santiago: Las chauchas son muy
especiales y las sembramos todo el ao. Cosechamos
e inmediatamente las sembramos otra vez porque se
saca de la tierra ya con brotes.
Don Mrtires Blas Araujo (39 aos) y su esposa Presentacin Vsquez Mrtires Blas Araujo (39 years) and his wife, Presentacin
Robles (44 aos) viven en el casero Las Colpas. Tienen cinco hijos. Don Vsquez Robles (44 years) live in the village of Las Colpas.
Mrtires comenta que siempre le ha gustado cultivar papas nativas. They have five children. Mrtires comments that he has
Las cultiva en melgas (pequeas parcelas) dentro de su chacra para always enjoyed cultivating potatoes. He grows them in
poder diferenciarlas una de otra. Aprendi esta prctica de sus padres melgas (small plots) in his field to distinguish them from
y abuelos. El cultivo de papas nativas es una tradicin heredada de sus each other. He learned this practice from his parents and
antepasados que seguir realizando y enseando a sus hijos para que grandparents. Cultivation of the local varieties is a tradition
ellos continen con esta prctica, subraya. inherited from his ancestors, and he emphasizes that he will
continue to practice it and teach his children so that they
Dice Mrtires: Tengo sesenta variedades. Conforme han pasado los will carry on the tradition.
aos he ido perdiendo algunas. A raz de las condiciones del clima,
las heladas y la lluvia excesiva, se han desaparecido mucha de estas Mrtires says: I have 60 varieties. As years have gone by,
variedades. Con suerte pude recuperar algunas en el mercado o por I have lost a few. Because of the climate conditions, the
intercambio con vecinos. La familia destina toda la produccin al frosts and excessive rainfall, many of these varieties have
consumo familiar, guardando las semillas para la siguiente campaa. Su disappeared. Luckily I have been able to recover some
esposa Presentacin complementa: Recuerdo que antiguamente mis of them in the market or exchanging with neighbors.
abuelos sembraban variedades como Shailina, Carganaka, Almidona, The family use the whole production for their own
Raz de Palo, Limea, Perrita, y Siempre Viva. Las variedades nativas consumption, keeping the seed tubers for the following
que ms le agradan son Limea, Almidona y la Shailina, por ser campaign. His wife, Presentacin, adds: I remember that
harinosas y tener un sabor agradable cuando se las sancocha. Mrtires my grandparents used to grow varieties such as Shailina,
precisa que cultiva las papas nativas sin fertilizantes, usando solamente Carganaka, Almidona, Raz de Palo, Limea, Perrita,
abono de huachos (ovinos). Asimismo, la familia las consume en todas and Siempre Viva. The varieties that she likes the best
las faenas de campo sean mingas o festividades costumbristas. are Limea, Almidona and Shailina, because they are
floury and tasty when we boil them. Mrtires says that he
cultivates the potatoes without fertilizers, using only sheep
manure. The family consume them during all the communal
work days in the fields and at the traditional local festivities.
OBJECTIVES
The catalog has the following objectives:
1. To create a first baseline of the ancestral varieties
(= landraces) of potato found in the district of
Chugay in order to have a tangible inventory that will
make it possible to monitor the conservation status of
the agrobiodiversity in the future. General Information
2. To communicate the wealth of genetic diversity of the The category general information describes the species, the cultivar group,
Andean potatoes and inherent collective knowledge the abundance, and the ploidy. Species refers to the botanical species. The
maintained by the families and villages of the district varieties described in this catalog belong to a single cultivated species,
of Chugay, province of Snchez Carrin, region of La according to the latest taxonomic treatment of the cultivated potato
Libertad, so that the inhabitants of La Libertad and (Gavrilenko et al., 2013): Solanum tuberosum. The cultivar groups that
Peru will become more aware of this heritage. can be distinguished in Chugay are: (i) Goniocalyx group (2n=2x=24), (ii)
3. To acknowledge the custodian farmers and villages Stenotomum group (2n=2x=24), (iii) Phureja group (2n=2x=24), (iv) Chaucha
for their invaluable work in the management and group (2n=3x=36), and (v) Andigenum group (2n=4x=48). They were
conservation of the ancestral varieties. determined based on ploidy, local knowledge (especially in the case of the
Chauchas), and morphological keys (Huamn, 1983).
DESCRIPTIVE INFORMATION
The ploidy indicates the number of copies of the basic number of
The following paragraphs give a general outline of the
chromosomes: diploids to tetraploids in the case of Chugay. The ploidy
methods used to gather the descriptive information
of each variety was determined by flow cytometry and/or chromosome
presented in this catalog.
counting by microscope, using root tips in cases where there were doubts.
Flow cytometry is a technique for quantifying cellular components or
Nomenclature
structural characteristics, basically using optical methods (De Laat, 1987).
The category nomenclature describes the common This technique makes it possible to determine the ploidy level of the samples
name of each variety and its meaning. The common used. Abundance refers to the frequency of a variety in Chugay, that is, the
name is the most frequently used name of the variety; number of farmers actually growing a specific variety. Three keys are used:
that is, the name used in most of the villages and by most scarce, uncommon (=intermediate) or common. The keys were determined
of the farmers. The synonyms given are other popular using structured surveys.
names. The meaning refers to the literal or symbolic
meaning of the name. The information comes from
surveys and participatory workshops.
Tabla Table 3. Simbolizacin de la frecuencia allica por colores. Symbolization of allele frequency by colors
VALOR NUTRICIONAL / NUTRITIONAL VALUE (mg/100g) Es una variedad que presenta muchos tubrculos pequeos con
ojos muy profundos, lo que hace difcil pelarlos. Sin embargo, es un
tubrculo muy apreciado debido a que es harinoso y sabroso. Los
Hierro (Fe) Zinc Potasio (K)
IRON (Zn) POTASSIUM agricultores la intercambian mezclados con otras variedades, modalidad
conocida como embrosado por otros cultivos como el maz.
0.378 0.191 511.4
This variety has many small tubers with very deep eyes, which makes
them difficult to peel. However, it is a highly valued tuber because
USOS CULINARIOS / CULINARY USES
it is floury and tasty. Farmers barter it mixed with other varieties for
Sancochado. Papa seca. Se usa de una forma localmente denominada pelado. other crops such as maize.
Boiling. Dried potato. Used in a way locally known as peeling (the potato
is peeled and then boiled for eating).
INFO
INFORMACIN GENERAL / GENERAL INFORMATION
Especie / Species Solanum tuberosum (Grupo Andigenum)
Abundancia / Abundance Escasa / Scarse
Ploida / Ploidy 2n = 4x
DESCRIPCIN MORFOLGICA / MORPHOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION
Hbito de crecimiento Decumbente Growth habit Decumbent
Color primario de la flor Morado (plido) Predominant flower color Purple (pale)
Color secundario de la flor Blanco Secondary flower color White
Distribucin color secundario de la flor Bandas en ambas caras Distribution of secondary flower color Bands on both sides
Grado de floracin Moderada Degree of flowering Moderate
Color del tallo Verde con pocas manchas Stem pigmentation Green with few spots
Forma del tubrculo Redondo Tuber shape Round
Color primario de la piel del tubrculo Rosado (intenso) Tuber skin predominant color Pink (intense)
Color secundario de la piel del tubrculo Ausente Tuber skin secondary color Absent
Color primario de la carne del tubrculo Crema Tuber flesh predominant color Cream
Color secundario de la carne del tubrculo Ausente Tuber flesh secondary color Absent
Color predominante del brote Rojo Predominant sprout color Red
CARACTERES AGRONMICOS / AGRONOMIC TRAITS
Rendimiento relativo 1.40 2.50 kg/planta Relative yield 1.40 2.50 kg/plant
Promedio de tubrculos por planta 15 Tubers per plant average 15
Resistencia a rancha Susceptible Resistance to late blight Susceptible
Resistencia a helada Susceptible Resistance to frost Susceptible
Porcentaje de materia seca 29.1 Dry matter percentage 29.1
Tiempo de almacenamiento 3 meses Storage time 3 months
Rango de adaptacin Zonas altas Adaptation range High altitudes
VALOR NUTRICIONAL / NUTRITIONAL VALUE (mg/100g) Se trata de una variedad encontrada en muy pocas comunidades
y el nmero de agricultores que la poseen es reducido. Cuentan
los agricultores que esta variedad tiene los tubrculos pequeos
Hierro (Fe) Zinc Potasio (K)
IRON (Zn) POTASSIUM y con ojos casi imperceptibles, por tal razn generalmente la
consumen sancochada.
0.276 0.149 392.2
This is a variety found in very few communities, and not many
farmers have it. They say that this variety has small tubers with
USOS CULINARIOS / CULINARY USES
almost imperceptible eyes, and for this reason they usually eat
Sancochado. it boiled.
Boiling.
Alludes to banana
VALOR NUTRICIONAL / NUTRITIONAL VALUE (mg/100g) Los tubrculos se usan para consumo y para venta, debido a que pueden
permanecer muchos meses en almacenamiento sin sufrir deterioros notables.
Es una variedad con tubrculos sabrosos, harinosos. Los agricultores dicen
Hierro (Fe) Zinc Potasio (K)
IRON (Zn) POTASSIUM que es una papa antigua o de los abuelos y tpica de la zona.
0.271 0.160 490.4 The tubers are used for consumption and for selling, because they can be
stored for several months without any considerable deterioration. This is a
variety with tasty, floury tubers. The farmers say that this is an old potato,
USOS CULINARIOS / CULINARY USES
of the grandfathers, and typical of the zone.
Sancochado. Caldos. Se usa de una forma localmente denominada
pelado (la papa se pela y se sancocha posteriormente para su
consumo). Chuo (tokosh). Papa seca.
Boiling. Broth. Used in a way locally known as peeling (the potato
is peeled and then boiled for eating). Chuo (tokosh). Dried potato.
Alder (Colour
of the alder tree)
VALOR NUTRICIONAL / NUTRITIONAL VALUE (mg/100g) Esta variedad es muy reconocida entre los agricultores porque los
tubrculos son precoces, brotan en los primeros 5 meses. Debido a
esta propiedad, no es buena para almacenamiento y se intercambian
Hierro (Fe) Zinc Potasio (K)
IRON (Zn) POTASSIUM mezclados con otras variedades por otros cultivos como el maz, en
los primeros meses despus de la cosecha. Segn los agricultores, su
0.451 0.236 487.5 sabor es similar al de la mantequilla, de ah su nombre.
This variety is easily recognized by the farmers because the
USOS CULINARIOS / CULINARY USES
tubers are precocious, sprouting in the first 5 months. Due to
Sancochado. Chuo (tokosh). Papa seca. Se usa de una forma localmente this property, it is not good for storing. It is bartered, combined
denominada pelado (la papa se pela y se sancocha posteriormente para with other varieties for other crops such as maize, in the first few
su consumo). months after harvesting. The farmers say that it has a buttery taste,
Boiling. Chuo (tokosh). Dried potato. Used in a way locally known as hence its name.
peeling (the potato is peeled and then boiled for eating).
White Yameina /
True Yameina
Partridge Egg
Alelos Los alelos son formas alternas de un Khipu Antiguo sistema contable en cuerdas
gen, que difieren en secuencia o funcin con nudos
Almidn Pur de papa segn el vocabulario Majada(s) Actividad que consiste en hacer
campesino pernoctar ovinos o vacunos en la
chacra para abonarla
Ambulco Bayas o frutos de la papa segn el
vocabulario campesino Melgas Pequeas parcelas dentro de una
chacra
Arroba Unidad de peso (11.5 kg)
Microsatlite SSR Los microsatlites SSR (simple
Chacra Parcela o campo de cultivo
sequence repeat) son secuencias de
Chaucha Papas nativas precoces (Grupo Phureja) ADN en las que un fragmento se
repite de manera consecutiva
Chirocos Msicos que ejecutan en forma
simultnea la caja y la flauta vestidos Minga(s) Intercambio de mano de obra entre
tpicamente con poncho y sombrero familias o una forma de ayuda
mutua en las labores
Chochoca Denominacin local para harina de maz
Mua Menta andina (Minthostachys mollis)
Chuo Tokosh segn la denominacin local
OIA-GRAGR Oficina de Informacin Agraria de
CIP Centro Internacional de la Papa
la Gerencia Regional de Agricultura
Chiclayo Denominacin local que se refiere a del Gobierno Regional de La Libertad
una variedad de calabaza (Cucurbitaceae)
Papa pelada Papa sin cscara, segn la
Colpa Mineral utilizado como adherente denominacin local
para teir lanas
Roa Enfermedad causada por Spongospora
Cushuro Alga andina trada de las lagunas de subterranea, tambin conocida como
altura sarna polvosa de la papa
Embrosada Denominacin local que se refiere a la Shambar Plato tpico de la regin La Libertad
siembra, consumo y/o venta de variedades
Tablada Medida local: cinco surcos de una
en mezcla. En el sur andino se conoce como
variedad conforman una tablada
chaqru
Terrado Espacio que se ubica inmediatamente
Faena(s) Tareas comunales de trabajo
debajo del techo de la casa para
Huachape Denominacin local para una papa almacenamiento de papa
semi-silvestre que se recolecta para
Tokosh Producto de papa sumergido y
consumo. Conocida com o Araq Papa o
fermentado en pozos de agua y
Papa Curao en otras partes del Per. Crece
posteriormente prensado en
en zonas agroecolgicas relativamente bajas
tipo quesillo
donde se encuentra maz (2800 3200 m)
Troje Almacn de papa
Huachos Ovinos u ovejas
WAS Siglas en ingls de Wayte Analytical
INIA Instituto Nacional de Innovacin Agraria
Service
Chochoca Local name for corn flour Mua Andean mint (Minthostachys mollis)
Chuo Local name for tokosh OIA-GRAGR Agricultural Information Office of the Regional
Management of Agriculture of the Regional
CIP International Potato Center Government of La Libertad
Chiclayo Local name for a variety of gourd or Papa pelada Potato without its skin, peeled potato in local
squash (Cucurbitaceae) terminology
Colpa Mineral used as an adherent for dyeing Roa Disease caused by Spongospora subterranea,
wool also known as powdery scab
Cushuro Andean algae brought from the high- Shambar Typical dish in the region of La Libertad
altitude lakes
Tablada A local measurement: five furrows of a variety
Embrosada Local term referring to the planting, form a tablada
consumption and/or sale of amixture of
different varieties. In the southern Terrado A space immediately below the roof of the
Andes, this is known as chaqru house, like an attic, intended forstoring
potatoes
Faena(s) Communal labor
Tokosh Product of potato submerged and fermented
Huachape Local name for a semi-wild potato in water pools and later pressed to form
that is gathered for consumption. It is something like quesillo or soft cheese.
known as Araq Papa or Papa Curao in
other parts of Peru. It grows in Troje Enclosure constructed on the ground to store
agroecological zones at relatively low potatoes
altitudes where maize is found WAS Wayte Analytical Service
(2800 3200 m)
N AT I VA S D E C H U G AY, L A L I B E R TA D - P E R
C AT LO G O D E VA R I E DA D E S D E PA PA S
de Chugay, La Libertad Per
Catalog of ancestral potato varieties
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from Chugay, La Libertad Peru
pas, en cooperatividad del sector privado y pblico y con la participacin
activa de los beneficiarios, promoviendo proyectos cuyo objetivo sea el
desarrollo humano y social con un adecuado manejo de los recursos
naturales y que contribuyan a la activacin econmica del pas, ello con
eficiencia, tica, honestidad y transparencia.
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