The boiling point of a liquid is indicated when bubbles of its vapor arise in all parts of the liquid.
This is the temperature at which the pressure of the saturated vapor of the liquid is equal to the
pressure of the atmosphere under which the liquid boils. Normally, boiling points are determined
at standard pressure: 760 mm Hg (torr) or 1 atm.
The boiling point of a liquid is sensitive to atmospheric pressure, and varies directly with it. As
atmospheric pressure decreases, the boiling point will drop; at approximately normal pressure it
will drop about 0.5 C for each 10-mm Hg drop in pressure. At much lower pressures, close to 10
mmHg, the temperature will drop about 10 C when the pressure is halved.
Boiling points can be determined by several methods.
Boiling-Point Determination during Distillation:
When a liquid is distilled, the boiling point of the distilling liquid can be read from a thermometer
that is properly placed in the distilling head, since the thermometer bulb is constantly in full
contact with the liquid vapors.
clamp
test tube
boiling stone
Bunsen burner
2. Suspend a thermometer with the bulb of the thermometer 1 in. above the surface of the
liquid.
3. Apply and maintain heat until the condensation ring of the boiling liquid is 1 in. above the
bulb of the thermometer.
4. Record the temperature when the reading reaches a constant maximum.
Notes: