EventAnalysis

PSTIBengaluru
7th August2013
Importanceofeventanalysis

Reliability to be ensured in all time horizons

Longterm: Transmission planning and
construction
Midterm: Maintenance scheduling
Scheduling: Hydro thermal coordination
Real time: Real Time Contingency Analysis
(RTCA) and security constrained
despatch
AftertheFact: Event Analysis and remedial
actions
ImportanceofEventAnalysis
NorthAmericanElectricReliabilityCorporation
(NERC)hasdesignatedtheEventAnalysis(EA)
programasapriorityarea.
SixstepEAprocess
Step1.Registeredentityassessesaneventand
determinestheeventcategory
Step2.Aplanningmeetingisheld
Step3.RegisteredentitysubmitsBriefReport
Step4.RegisteredentitysubmitsanEventAnalysis
Report(EAR)ifneeded
Step5.LessonsLearnedandGoodIndustryPracticesare
developedandsharedwithindustrywhereappropriate
Step6.EventAnalysisProcessisclosed
 CEAGridStandards2010
definition 2j grid incident means tripping of one or more
power system elements of the grid like a generator,
transmission line, transformer, shunt reactor, series capacitor
and Static VAR Compensator, which requires rescheduling of
generation or load, without total loss of supply at a substation
or loss of integrity of the grid at 220 kV and above (132 kV and
above in the case of NorthEastern Region);

definition 2i, grid disturbance means tripping of one or more

power system elements of the grid like a generator,
transmission line, transformer, shunt reactor, series capacitor
and Static VAR Compensator, resulting in total failure of supply
at a substation or loss of integrity of the grid, at the level of
transmission system at 220 kV and above (132 kV and above in
the case of NorthEastern Region);
 Categorizationofgridincidentsaspersection
11ofCEAGridStandards
Categorisation of grid incidents in increasing order of severity,

Category GI1 Tripping of one or more power system elements of the

grid like a generator, transmission line, transformer, shunt reactor,
series capacitor and Static VAR Compensator, which requires re
scheduling of generation or load, without total loss of supply at a sub
station or loss of integrity of the grid at 220 kV (132 kV in the case of
NorthEastern Region);

Category GI2 Tripping of one or more power system elements of

the grid like a generator, transmission line, transformer, shunt reactor,
series capacitor and Static VAR Compensator, which requires re
scheduling of generation or load, without total loss of supply at a sub
station or loss of integrity of the grid at 400 kV and above (220 kV and
above in the case of NorthEastern Region).
 Categorizationofgriddisturbancesasper
section11ofCEAGridStandards
Category GD1 When less than ten per cent. of the antecedent
generation or load in a regional grid is lost;
Category GD2 When ten per cent. to less than twenty percent of the
antecedent generation or load in a regional grid is lost.
Category GD3 When twenty per cent. to less than thirty per cent. of
the antecedent generation or load in a regional grid is lost;
Category GD4 When thirty per cent. to less than forty per cent. of
the antecedent generation or load in a regional grid is lost ;
Category GD5 When forty per cent. or more of the antecedent
generation or load in a regional grid is lost.

Explanation: For the purpose of categorisation of grid disturbances,

percentage loss of generation or load, which ever is higher shall be
considered.
CEAGridStandards2010
Standards silent on
No of people or customers affected
Loss of life
Loss of any equipment
Energy Not Served (ENS) on account of the grid
disturbance
Financial impact
As per Indian Electricity Grid Code (IEGC)2010,
section 5.9.6 (c ), MW and MWh lost both have to be
reported.
 Gradingtheseverityofgriddisturbances
Systemminutes=(MWh lostx60)/PeaksystemMW

Source:PauloGomes,IEEE2004session
Systemminutesfor30th and31st July2012
blackoutinIndia
Sno Date Region EnergyNot PeakMW System
servedMWh minutes

1 30th July2012 North 390000 38000 616

2 31st July2012 North 250000 38000 395

3 31st July2012 East 115000 14000 493

4 31st July2012 NorthEast 1800 1800 60

AsperCEAGridStandards2010,alltheabovedisturbancesareofGD5category
Systemminutesbringsoutthecomparativeseverity.
 InputsforDisturbanceAnalysis
ControlCentre
SequenceofEvents(SOE)
SCADAdataanalogvalues
Alarms,voicetranscripts,logbooknotings
WideAreaMeasurementSystems(WAMS)
Powerplants&substations
Powersystemanalogvaluesathighresolution~1sec
Excitationsystemparameters,turbinespeed
StandaloneSequenceofEvents(SOE)recorder
NumericalRelayOutputs
StandaloneDisturbanceRecorders

Separatingwheatfromthechaffisaninvolvedexercise!!!
RecordingDevices

T:Traditional C:Common E:Emerging

Source:CIGRETB355:Faultanddisturbancedataanalysisincludingintelligentsystems
 DisturbanceAnalysis
US blackout 14th August 2003
Interim report of Task Force on 19th Nov 2003
Final report of Task Force on 5th April 2004
Three Working Groups constituted
Data warehouse; 20 GB data in 10,000 files
40 people involved in simulations .
Indian blackout on 30th and 31st July 2012
CERC asks POSOCO to submit report within a week
GOI asks Enquiry Committee to submit report in 15 days
Quality of investigation depends on time available
DisturbanceAnalysis
ApparentCauseAnalysis(ACA)
Constructingthewhystaircase.
 DisturbanceAnalysis

RootCauseAnalysis(RCA)
SeveralmethodsofRCA
UltimateobjectiveistoassignaCauseCode
1.Equipment/MaterialProblem
2.ProcedureProblem
3.PersonnelError
4.DesignProblem
5.TrainingDeficiency
6.ManagementProblem
7.ExternalPhenomena.

Source:CauseAnalysisMethodsforNERC,RegionalEntitiesandRegisteredentitiesAug2011
QualityEventAnalysisReport
AspertheNorthAmericanElectricReliabilityCorporationsJune2013draft
AttributesofaQualityEventAnalysisReport,

Thefollowingarekeyelementsthatwouldbeincludedinaqualityreport.

Contributingcausesand,ifpossible,rootcauseareidentified.
Conclusions/Recommendationsaredeveloped.
Lessonslearnedaredevelopedtosharewiththeindustry.
Sequenceofeventsisaccurateandconsistent.
Followupplansandassociatedresponsiblemembersareidentified.
Detailedbackgroundontheeventandsystemisprovided.
Charts/Plots/Graphsareprovidedtostrengthenthenarrative.
SingleLinediagramsoftherelevantportionsoftheelectricalsystem
Correspondencewithneighbors/RCisclearlynarrated.
StatusofcriticalsubsystemsisidentifiedsuchasSE,AGC,ICCPetc.forEMS
events.
DisturbanceReports

InternationalReports
14th Aug2003blackoutinUS
23rd Sep2003blackoutinSweden/Denmark
28th Sep2003blackoutinItaly
4th Nov2006blackoutinGermany
10th Nov2009blackoutinBrazil(brief)
 DisturbanceReports

India
2nd Jan2001blackoutinNorthernRegion
6th July2005disturbanceinNorthernRegion
27th January2007disturbanceinNorthernRegion
25th and28th Feb2007disturbanceinWesternRegion
12th October2007disturbanceinNorthernRegion
7th to9th March2008disturbanceinNR
2nd Jan2010partialblackoutinNR
30th and31st July2012blackoutinNEWgrid
Thankyou