28 2001 2 ( 68 )

( , 200083)

: , ,
:
(1)
;
(2) ;
(3) ;
(4)
: ;
;
;

:
H030 :
A :
1005-7242(2001)02 -0028 -04

d .T hat flat tire cost me an hour .

e .Ive invested a lo t of time in her .
f .I don t have enoug h time to spare for
(root metaphor) t hat .
,
, T IME IS MONEY
( ), T IM E IS A LIM IT ED RE-
, SOURCE (), T IM E IS
, , A VAL UABLE COMMODIT Y (
, ) money ()
, a limited resource ( ), a
(met aphor limited resource a valuable commodity
theme) ()
: ,
(1)Prime minister rides the info-hig hw ay ,
(2)White House counts t wo million cyber-
tourists
(3)AT &T stalled on t he info-highway
, hig hw ay () (L akof f & Johnson ,
, 1980) , ,
T IM E IS
MONEY ()
, T IME IS MONEY (
) (st ruct ural metapho r)
, , (orienta-
: tional metapho r),
(4)a .You are w asting my time . -
b .I don
t have the time to give you .
c .How do you spend your time t hese
days ? (
) ,
 2001 2 ( 68 ) 29

HAPPY IS UP (
) , , ,
m feeling up today (
I , ,
) ,
:
F ORESEEABLE F UT URE EVEN TS ARE , , T HE
UP (and AHEAD). MIND IS A BRIT T L E T HING (
H IGH ST AT US IS UP ;LOW ST AT US IS ), T HE M IND IS A MA-
DOWN . CHINE () T HE M IND IS A
GOOD IS UP ;BAD IS DOWN . BRI T T LE OBJECT ( )
V IRT UE IS UP ;DEP RAVIT Y IS DOWN . :
RAT IONAL IS UP ; EMO T IONAL IS (6)T HE M IND IS A MACHINE .
DOWN . a .My mind just isn
t operating .
b .I
m a lit tle rusty today .
c .We re still t rying to g rind out the solu-
tion to t his equation .
, (7)T HE M IND IS A BRIT T L E OBJECT .
, a .Her ego is very f ragile .
, , b .He broke under cross-examination .
c .T he experience shat tered him .
,
(ontological metaphor) ,
(entity
and substance metaphor) (con- ,
tainer metapho r) ,
, , :
(8)T here is a lot of land in Xinjiang .
, ,
, :
(9)a .T he plane is coming into view .
, ( b .He is out of sight now .
) ,
, :
, inflat ion ( ) (10)a .Are you in the race on Sunday ?
b .How did you get out of w ashing the
: windows ?
(5)INFLAT ION IS ENEM Y . ,
a .Inflation is lowering our standard of ,
living .
b .If t here is much more inflat ion , we
ll , ,
never survive . , SOCIAL
c .We need to combat inf lation . GROUPS ARE CONTAINERS (
, inflation ) EMOT IONAL ST AT ES ARE CON TAIN-
 30 2001 2 ( 68 )

ERS (
) : ,
(11)a .Harry is in the kitchen .
b .Harry is in the Elks .
c .Harry is in love . , ,
, ,

(Reddy , 1978) (con-
duit met aphors),
,
,
, 100 IDEAS (OR M EANINGS)
, , enemy ( ), ARE OBJECT S ( ), L IN-
threat to national security (), GUIST IC EXP RESSIONS ARE CONT AINERS
sett ing goals ( ), est ablishing a ( ) COM M UNICAT ION IS
new chain of command ( ), SENDING ( )
plo tting new st rategy (), g at hering :
intelligence ( ), marshalling forces ( (12)a .It
s hard to get t hat idea across to
), him .
, b .Its difficult to put my ideas into
, wo rds.
c .When you have a good idea , t ry to
, capture it immediately in words .

, ,
, invisible hand
() free lunch () safety net ,
(
) golden parachute ( ) (lend-lease),
g lass ceiling () , ,
, ,
, ,
, (Wheelw right 1962 :170)
: ,
, , ,
,
: :
prison () wasteland ( , (13) ,
T he Waste Land , (14) , ;
,
) hospit al ( , Any- :
where out of the world) monster ( , (15)The f ine cry stal is sooner crazed t han the
) machine ( , hard marble , the g reenest beech burnth faster than
), the driest oak , t he f airiest silk is soonest soiled ,
and t he sweetest wine turnth to t he sharpest vine-
 2001 2 ( 68 ) 31

g ar .T he pestilence dot h most rifest infect t he [ 12] Lako ff , G .& Jo hnson , M .Metaphors We Live by

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the ripest f ruit .T he most delicate w it is allured
son a Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor[ M] .The
w it h small enticement and most subject to yield un-
U nivesity of Chicago P ress , 1989.
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, [ 15] O rtony , A .(ed).Metaphor and T hought[ M] .Cam-
, bridge University Press, 1979 .
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(16) () , frame conflict in our language about language [ A ] .

, , O rtony (ed.
)1979.
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( )
Yor k:O xford U niversity P ress, 1965.
:
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.2000a ,(4).
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) Cognition
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( 27 ) ).2001 2 1 .
[ 3] . [ J] . [ 6] .
:
[ M ] .
, 2000, (3). :
, 2000 .
[ 4] . ( ). :2001 -2-22
2001 1 21 . :(1959- ), ,
[ 5] . (