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What 3 peninsulas make up Southern Europe?

The Iberian Peninsula, the Italian Peninsula, and the Balkan Peninsula

Which two countries make up the Iberian Peninsula?


Spain and Portugal

What is the Meseta?


A large plateau in the Iberian Peninsula

Which country occupies the Italian Peninsula?


Italy

Describe the Balkan Peninsula.


Made up of mostly Greece... mountains have limited potential for communication and
development but it has easy access to the sea

What are the two major rivers in the Iberian Peninsula and what do they do?
Tagus and Ebro... too shallow for large ships but used for hydropower

What has the lack of glacial movement in Southern Europe done to its landforms?
Has not given it natural lakes or reservoirs

Which two climate zones do the Alps separate?


Marine west coast and Mediterranean

What kind of natural resources does Southern Europe have?


Italy has few, Spain has coal, tin, and tungsten, and Portugal has copper... tungsten is an
extremely rare heavy-metal essential in high tech industries

What energy does Greece use but is not fully developed?


Hydropower

What are city-states?


Independently governed communities with their own form of government and society

What was the Renaissance?


Signaled a major cultural revival of interest in classical learning and values

Describe exploration during the Renaissance.


Lagged behind Chinese and Islamic empires but then Portugal and Spain established footholds
in the Americas

What kind of governments do Southern European countries have?


Democratically elected

What economic issues are Southern European countries facing?


High unemployment rates, credit problems, and industry transition

Describe the population of Southern Europe.


Aging, decreasing, since birthrates are too low to replace dying people... greater income is
leading to smaller families

Describe the migrant population of Southern Europe.


Fill necessary labor positions... often are unskilled but strong work ethic and make good
employees... resulted in growing diversity of cultures and ethnic groups

Describe Vatican City.


Home to the Roman Catholic Church... formally established as an independent city-state,
unique because it relies on a complementarity (interdependence) with Rome for its goods and
services

Describe education in SE.


Literacy is very high, government is strong supporter of education... education is compulsory

Describe welfare programs in SE.


Many SE governments have universal health care systems that cover basic health care needs...
Greece not so much because of less dense population

Describe the status of women in SE.


Women have achieved greater equality but there is still room for improvement... family oriented
culture

What happened to the Greek economy at the beginning of the twenty-first century?
Greece already had a fragile economy based on small, family-owned businesses and
agriculture... real-estate crash caused a collapse due to lack of regulation.. recovery was
supported by other EU countries

What major industry does SE rely on?


Service industry-- banking, retail and wholesale sales, tourism, health care

Why has Spains economy grown?


Lower costs of operating factories and a large supply of workers

Describe Italys economy.


It went through an industrial reconstruction after World War II, exports cars, clothing, furniture,
olive oil, and wine
Describe Greeces economy.
One of the least developed in SE, limited natural resources, dependent on tourism.. faces
challenge of reducing public spending, tackling tax evasion and high unemployment

What are some problems in the EU?


SE is dealing with economic issues such as high national debt, high unemployment, and too
much governmental spending... EU resources are stretched thin and tensions have grown

What is the issue with algae blooms?


These are clusters of organisms that appear when there is an imbalance in the ecological
structure (warmer water, chemical fertilizer runoff, etc)... can use up the dissolved oxygen in the
water which will kill fish and other marine life.. also releases toxins that can kill marine life and
humans that consume it

Describe dry season fires.


Natural part of the ecosystems, necessary to maintain native vegetation but is a contributing
factor in the deforestation of human-modified areas

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