Imran Hafeez
Selection of Pile
Selection of
i) type,
ii) length and
iii) capacity
of pile is based on two parameters
a. Soil conditions
b. Magnitude of load
Before the actual construction begins, pile
load tests must be made to verify the design
values and the foundation design must be
revised according to the test results.
Factors effecting the selection of pile
Qa = Qu / FOS or
Avg.
Pressure
Line
r Df/2
r Df
Qs STATIC FORMULA
Adhesion factor or Cohesion Reduction
factor
Before 1971, it was known that depends on the consistency of
soil (spt value).If the consistency is very poor, then 100% contact.
But if consistency is very hard, less contact.
So for
V. loose to loose sand & v. soft to soft clay = 1
Very hard (stiff to very stiff clay) = 0.4
After 1971, Tomlinson said that, the value depends
upon the penetration, actual formation, sequence of
layer. He related the value with the penetration Ratio
(PR) and gave a table where
PR = Effective Length of pile driven in cohesive soil / Dia. of pile
= Le/ D
Qs STATIC FORMULA
Factors
K = co-efficient of lateral earth pressure. Generally K value is from
zero to 1.75
Where
Ko = pressure at rest.
= (1-sin ) OCR
OCR = Over consolidation Ratio & for N.C. C , OCR = 1
Safe to use the value close to K0.
value of K are higher for driven piles as compared with cast insitu
piles.
Usually for driven piles the values are 1 and for insitu piles it is
1
Qs STATIC FORMULA
Factor
Tan ;
Is the co-efficient of friction and = friction
Angle, depending upon the material of
construction, for timber pile
Timber = 2/3
For steel pile =20Degree
For concrete pile, =
Qs STATIC FORMULA
TO FIND Fs USING EMPERICAL METHOED
For the empirical method, we do two tests i.e. SPT test and CPT test.
According to Mayorhoff
Qs
Depth for SPT
8B
4B
Qs
CPT TEST (MAYERHOFF):
This test is further of two types,
(a) By Mentle Cone:
In this only a cone is attached to the Rod. This type of cone is called Mentle
Cone. Here only the cone comes in contact. The resistance measured is
called the cone resistance qC
Fs = 0.0005 qc in Kpa
Qs
FOR CALCULATING Qb:
Qb = (Ab) (qult)
qult = Bearing capacity of Soil.
Ab = X Sectional area of the Pile
Fs= c + K Tan
qult = CNC + q Nq + 0.5rBNr
q = Effective Earth pressure depending on the length of the pile
q = rD
= r (Length of Pile)