631 Airis accelerated ina nozzle from 30 ms to 180 mvs. The mass flow rate, the exit temperature, and the exit area ofthe nozzle ae to be determined. Assumptions 1 This is a steady-flow process since there is no change with time. 2 Air is an ideal gas with Constant specific heats, 3 Potential energy changes are negligible. 4 The device isadiabatic and thus heat, transfer is negligible. § There are no work interactions. Properties The gas constant of air is 0.287 kPamig.K (Table A-1). The specific heat of air at the anticipated average temperature of 450 Ki8 y= 102 kig.*C (Table A-2) “Analysis (a) There is only one inlet and one exit, and thus fy =i = Using the ideal gas relation, the specific volume and the mass flow rate of air are (0.287 kPa-m'feg- KNSTS KD «9 4595 mtn “300 kPa 1 1525 mike (b) We take nozzle as the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the boundary. The energy ‘balance for this steady-flow system can be expressed in the rate form as ign ln = Miya =o Dinew cto “ate Bay = baw (0.008 m?)(30 mis) = 0.5304 ke/s ‘ith, 412 12) = idl #32) (since @ = W= Ape =0) > 0=emella “Ti 2 Substituting, 0.0 tg x7,— 20070)» Wom =o mt” (| 11000 m*/s? Ityields T= 184.68 (c) The specific volume of air at the nozzle exit is (0.287 kPa -m’/kg-K)(184.6 +273 K) 100 kPa6-51 Airis compressed at arate of 10 L/s by a compressor. The work required per unit mass and the power required are to be determined. Assumptions 1 This isa steady-flow process since there is no change with time. 2 Kinetic and potential energy changes are negligible. 3 Airis an ideal gas with constant specific heats Properties The constant pressure specific heat of air at the average temperature of (20+300/2=160°C=433 K is ¢y = 1.018 kiskg-K (Table A-2b). The gas constant of air is & = 0.287 kPamm’fkg.K (Table A-1). Analysis (a) There is only one inlet and one exit, and thus a, it. We take the compressor as the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the boundary. The energy balance for this steady- flow system can be expressed in the rate formas i ok Patsy) 1 MPa 300°C ‘Compressor 120 kPa 20°C 10Ls (b) The specific volume of air at the inlet and the mass flow rate are 0.287 kPa? eg-K) 206775 120 kPa = 0.7008 m kg. 0.010 m/s 0.7008 Ag ‘Then the power input is determined from the energy balance equation to be ig = tn p(T ~T,)=(0.01427 kgs) 1.018 klfkg -K)300~20)K = 4,068 KW = 0.01427 kels6-52 Steam expands in a turbine. The change in kinetic energy, the power output, and the turbine inlet area are to be determined. Assumptions 1 This ig a steady-flow process since there is no change with time. 2 Potential energy changes. are negligible, 3 The device is adiabatic and thus heat transfer is negligible. Properties From the steam tables (Tables A-4 through 6) 4) =10 MPa |v, = 0029782 mg uae 7, =asoc fh 232424 uke =u and okra Analysis (a) The change in kinetic energy is determined from (b) There is only one inlet and one exit, and thus rin = sy turbine as the system, which is a control volume since mass crosses the ‘boundary. The energy balance for this steady-flow system can be expressed in the rate form as, Ree = Aoqsen) — gy Ein = Fout Mepten Rate of ecg teeter Rae of change mera KC, "rbot wana (ats enes ‘Then the power output of the turbine is determined by substitution to be Weg =—(I2 ke/s\(2392 5 -3242 4-1 95pkikg, 10.2 MW (c) The inlet area of the turbine is determined ftom the mass flow rate relation, inv, _ (12 kg/s)(0.029782 m/kg) edgy, og Bt & 7; 30 mis 00447 m2