13
1.1. Introduction .. 13
1.2. Structural frame elements 20
1.2.1. Columns... 20
1.2.2. Beams... 23
1.2.3. Slabs 25
1.2.4. Staircases .... 30
1.2.5. Foundation . ..... 31
1.3. Structural frame loadings.....37
1.3.1. Gravity loads .... 38
1.3.2. Seismic loads ...... 44
1.3.3. Wind loading .... 46
1.4. Structural frame behaviour .47
1.4.1. Behaviour and reinforcement of slabs..... .48
1.4.2. Behaviour and reinforcement of beams and columns ...... 50