DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND AGRO-INDUSTRIAL TECHNOLOGY

UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES LOS BAOS

ENSC 21
Mathematical Methods in Engineering
Lecture Material
First Order DE (FODE):
FODE
Contains only first derivatives and one independent variable
The dependent/independent variable could be any measurable
parameter and may be represented by any symbol

Types:
1) Variable Separable
2) Homogenous Equation
3) Exact Equations
4) Linear Equations
5) Bernoulli Equations
6) 2nd Order DE Reducible to FODE
DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
1) Variable Separable
are equations where the terms containing the dependent
variable y and its derivative dy may be collected in one expression,
and the terms containing the independent variable and its
derivatives in one expression
()
General Form: =
()

By rearranging, we have: = +

DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general/particular solution of the following:

1. 1 + = 0

2. = ; 4 =3

3. = 2 4

( 2)
4. = ; 0 =0

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
2) Homogenous DE
General Form: M x, y dx N x, y dy 0
(, ) (, )
Test for Homogeneity: =
(, ) (, )

Case 1: y vx dy vdx xdv (Default)

Case 2: x vy dx vdy ydv

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
2) Homogenous DE
If homogenous:

1. Let [ = ; = + ] or [ = ; =
+ ] whichever is convenient or whichever
results to a less tedious solution.
2. Rearrange to form a separable equation, integrate
3. Revert back to original and parameters
DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. 2 + 2 + 2 = 0

2. 2 3 + 4 + 4 = 0

3. ( 2 +2 4 2 ) 2 8 4 2 = 0

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
3) Exact DE
General Form: M x, y dx N x, y dy 0

Test for Exactness: =

:

= +

= +

DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. cos sin 2 + (1 2 ) = 0

2. + + sin = 0

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
4) Inexact DE
General Form: M x, y dx N x, y dy 0

Inexact DE:

():
- a term or a factor which when multiplied to an inexact DE
will make the equation exact.

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
4) Inexact DE
1
I. = =

1
II. = =

= +

= +

DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. ( sin ) + ln 2 cos = 0

2. 2x + [ 2 + 1 cot 1] = 0

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
5) Linear (First Order) DE

General Form: + = ()

()
=

1
() = () + General Solution

DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. x 4 = 6 6

2. 2 + 2 + 4 1 + 2 = 0

3. 1 2 = 1 3 2 + 2 4 : = + +

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
6) Bernoullis Equation (Special FODE)

General Form: + = () where n 0, 1

1
=

1
1
= 1 + General Solution
()

DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1
1. + =
2

2. 2 + 2 =


3. = ( 3 1) : = +

+

DES, UPLB
Solutions to FODE:
7) Second Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Reducible to First Order (Special FODE)
Case 1: Dependent variable (y) is missing

, , , ,

Case 2: Independent variable (x) is missing

, , , ,

DES, UPLB
Sample Problems:
Determine the general solution of the following:

1. = 3 2

3
2. = 2( )

2
3. y + ( ) =

DES, UPLB