NG DNG CNG NGH GIS XY DNG CHNG TRNH QUN

L CY XANH TH TI QUN 4, TP.HCM

Sinh vin thc hin:

PHM TRN TRNG HIN

Gio vin hng dn:

TS. L MINH TRUNG

Thng 6 nm 2014
i
 LI CM N
hon thnh ti ny v c kin thc nh ngy hm nay, em xin gi li cm n
n Ban Gim Hiu cng ton th Thy C Khoa Mi Trng v Ti Nguyn trng
i hc Nng Lm TP. H Ch Minh tn tnh ging dy, truyn t kin thc cng
nh kinh nghim qu bu cho chng em trong sut qu trnh hc tp v nghin cu ti
trng.

Em xin chn thnh cm n Thy TS. L Minh Trung v ton th Cn b cng tc ti

phng K thut Cng ty TNHH MTVCng vin Cy xanh, TP.HCM hng dn em
hon thnh bo co ny. Cm n Thy tn tnh ch bo, h tr v ng vin em
trong sut thi gian thc tp. Em cng xin trn trng cm n Ban lnh o cng ty
to iu kin em c thc tp ti qu c quan. c bit, em xin gi li cm n n
cc Cn b cng tc ti phng K thut ca cng ty trao i kin thc, kinh nghim
qu bu cng nh chia s ti liu, s liu, d liu.

Vi tt c lng chn thnh em xin gi li cm n, li tri n su sc nht n Thy

PGS.TS Nguyn Kim Li cng tt c qu Thy C trong B mn H Thng Thng

Tin a L h tr em rt nhiu hon thnh bi bo co ny.

Tuy hon thnh tt ti nhng cng khng th trnh khi nhng sai st nht nh
trong qu trnh nghin cu, rt mong c s thng cm v chia s qu bu ca qu
Thy C v Bn b.

Em xin gi li chc n tt c Thy C Trng i hc Nng Lm v cc Cn b

cng tc ti phng K thut Cng ty TNHH MTVCng vin Cy xanh, TP.HCM cng
cc Bn trong lp lun di do sc khe v thnh cng.

Phm Trn Trng Hin

B mn Ti nguyn v GIS

Khoa Mi trng v Ti nguyn

Trng i hc Nng Lm TP.H Ch Minh

ii
 TM TT
ti nghin cu ng dng cng ngh GIS xy dng chng trnh qun l cy xanh
th ti Qun 4, TP.HCMc thc hin trong khong thi gian t 17/02/2014 n
30/05/20014.

Gio vin hng dn Thy TS. L Minh Trung cng tc ti phng K thut Cng ty
TNHH MTVCng vin Cy xanh, TP.HCM.

i tng nghin cu: cy xanh th, phn mm m ngun m, h qun tr c s d

liu PostgreSQL/Postgis.

Ni dung nghin cu:

- Tm hiu nhu cu qun l cy xanh th ti Qun 4, TP.H Ch Minh.

- Tm hiu h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL/Postgis.
- Tm hiu phn mm h tr lp trnh GIS m ngun m ArcEngine.
- Tm hiu ngn ng lp trnh Csharp (C#) v mi trng lp trnh Visual studio 10.
- Tm hiu kh nng kt ni bn gia Visual studio 10 v phn mm Arcgis 10.0.
Trn c s ni dung nghin cu xy dng chng trnh qun l cy xanh th ti
Qun 4, TP.HCM.
Shapefile ca cc lp cay.shp, camtrong.shp, nen.shp, phuong.shp, duong.shp s c
import vo h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL/Postgis lu tr. S dng ngn ng
lp trnh C# trong mi trng lp trnh Visual studio 10 xy dng chng trnh
qun l cng vi cc cng c tch hp trong ArcEngine tch hp vo chng trnh
qun l v nhp bn xy dng t Arcmap vo chng trnh qun l.
Kt qu t c:
- Xy dng c chng trnh qun l cy xanh ti Qun 4, TP.HCM.
- H thng bn th hin trc quan cc v tr cy xanh th.

iii
 MC LC
TRANG TA ....................................................................................................................i
LI CM N .................................................................................................................. ii
TM TT ....................................................................................................................... iii
MC LC........................................................................................................................iv
DANH MC CC CH VIT TT ..............................................................................vi
DANH MC BNG BIU ........................................................................................... vii
DANH MC HNH NH ............................................................................................ viii
CHNG 1. M U ....................................................................................................1
1.1. t vn ............................................................................................................1
1.2. Mc ch ti ....................................................................................................2
1.2.1. Mc ch c th ............................................................................................2
1.2.2. Phm vi nghin cu ......................................................................................3
1.2.3. Gii hn ti .............................................................................................. 3
1.2.4. ngha ti ............................................................................................... 4
CHNG 2. TNG QUAN ............................................................................................6
2.1. Tng quan v h thng thng tin a l (GIS) ....................................................6
2.1.1. nh ngha GIS ............................................................................................. 6
2.1.2. S lc v lch s pht trin GIS .................................................................6
2.1.3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca GIS ....................................................................6
2.1.4. Cu trc ca h thng thng tin a l .........................................................6
2.1.5. D liu ca h thng thng tin a l...........................................................7
2.1.6. Shapefile v H qun tr c s d liu (CSDL) ...........................................8
2.1.7. ng dng ca GIS ........................................................................................9
2.2. c im khu vc nghin cu ..........................................................................10
2.3. Gii thiu phn mm Arcgis .............................................................................11
2.4. Khi qut v chung v phn mm m ngun m .............................................12
2.5. Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu PostgresSQL ......................................13
2.6. Khi qut chung v cy xanh th..................................................................14
2.6.1. nh ngha cy xanh th ........................................................................14
2.6.2. Cng dng ca cy xanh th ..................................................................14
2.6.3. Vai tr ca h thng thng tin trong qun l cy xanh th ...................15

iv
 2.7. Tng quan cc cng trnh nghin cu trong nc v th gii .........................15
CHNG 3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU ........................................................... 17
3.1. Tm hiu phn mm PostgreSQL......................................................................19
3.1.1. Cc thnh phn chnh trong PostgreSQL...................................................19
3.1.2. Khung lm vic ca PostgreSQL ............................................................... 23
3.1.3. Chnh sa bn thuc tnh............................................................................24
3.2. Hin trng v nhu cu qun l ..........................................................................26
3.3. Thu thp d liu ................................................................................................ 26
3.4. Chun ha d liu ............................................................................................. 27
3.5. Thit k h thng............................................................................................... 28
3.6. Thit k c s d liu ........................................................................................29
3.6.1. M hnh d liu ..........................................................................................29
3.6.2. nh x qua h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL ....................................31
3.7. Import shapefile vo PostgreSQL bng phn m rng PostGIS......................34
3.8. Xy dng chng trnh qun l ........................................................................35
3.8.1. To project vit chng trnh ................................................................ 36
3.8.2. Thit k giao din chc nng cho chng trnh ........................................36
CHNG 4. KT QU NGHIN CU ......................................................................38
4.1. Giao din chng trnh .....................................................................................38
4.1.1. Giao din v chc nng ng nhp kt ni .............................................38
4.1.2. Giao din chnh ..........................................................................................42
4.1.3. Giao din bn ........................................................................................54
4.2. ngh ca ti ............................................................................................... 55
CHNG 5. KT LUN V KIN NGH .................................................................56
5.1. Kt lun .............................................................................................................56
5.2. Kin ngh ...........................................................................................................56
TI LIU THAM KHO .............................................................................................. 58
PH LC ........................................................................................................................59

v
 DANH MC CC CH VIT TT
GIS: Geographic Information System

TP.HCM: Thnh ph H Ch Minh

TNHH MTV: Trch nhim hu hn Mt thnh vin

Q: Quyt nh

UBND: y Ban Nhn Dn

CSDL: C s d liu

FK: Foreign key

PK: Primary key

vi
 DANH MC BNG BIU
Bng 3.1. D liu thuc tnh cy xanh th Qun 4, TP.HCM ...................................27
Bng 3.2. D liu sau khi c chun ha thnh c s d liu ....................................28
Bng 3.3. M t cy ........................................................................................................33
Bng 3.4. M t thng tin cy ........................................................................................33
Bng 3.5. M t theo di cy ..........................................................................................33
Bng 3.6. M t chm sc .............................................................................................. 34
Bng 3.7. M t nhn vin chm sc..............................................................................34
Bng 3.8. M t cng vic .............................................................................................. 34

vii
 DANH MC HNH NH
Hnh 1.1. Bn khu vc Qun 4 vi t l 1:15.000 bng cng c Add Basemap ........4
Hnh 2.1. Bn hnh chnh Qun 4 .............................................................................11
Hnh 3.1. S phng php nghin cu ......................................................................18
Hnh 3.2. Biu tng to Server .....................................................................................19
Hnh 3.3. Bng New Server Registration v tab Properties ...................................20
Hnh 3.4. Tab Properties ca New Database .............................................................. 21
Hnh 3.5. Chn Create spatial database ......................................................................22
Hnh 3.6. i v in tn cho database ..........................................................................23
Hnh 3.7. Thanh cng c ch..........................................................................................23
Hnh 3.8. Thanh cng c biu tng ..............................................................................24
Hnh 3.9. Bng th hin thuc tnh trong PostgreSQL ..................................................25
Hnh 3.10. Dng cui cng thm thuc tnh ca i tng mi............................... 25
Hnh 3.11. Chnh sa thuc tnh ca mt i tng khi click chn .............................. 26
Hnh 3.12. Xa b mt i tng sau khi click chn ....................................................26
Hnh 3.13. M hnh h thng sau khi chy ....................................................................28
Hnh 3.14. M hnh d liu c thit k bng phn mm pgmodeler .........................29
Hnh 3.15. Tool bar trong pgAdmin III ..........................................................................31
Hnh 3.16. M file *.sql trong ca s Query..................................................................32
Hnh 3.17. To cc bng trong file *.sql bng lnh Execute query ............................... 32
Hnh 3.18. Bng d liu sau khi c nh x ................................................................ 32
Hnh 3.19. Plugins trong pgadminIII ..............................................................................34
Hnh 3.20. Ca s PostGIS Shapefile Import/Export ....................................................35
Hnh 3.21. Dng ch ArcGIS trong khung Recent Templates ......................................36
Hnh 3.22. S chc nng chng trnh qun l cy xanh .........................................37
Hnh 4.1. Giao din ng nhp vo chng trnh ..........................................................39
Hnh 4.2. Giao din ng nhp vi quyn qun l.........................................................39
Hnh 4.3. Chc nng sa v xa c kch hot............................................................ 40
Hnh 4.4. Giao din ng nhp bng tn ngi dng ....................................................40
Hnh 4.5. Chc nng sa v xa b kha ........................................................................41

viii
Hnh 4.6. ng nhp bng quyn qun tr hoc ngi dng .........................................42
Hnh 4.7. Giao din chnh ca chng trnh ..................................................................43
Hnh 4.8. Bo li khi trng vi ID c ........................................................................44
Hnh 4.9. Nhp thiu d kin v v ...........................................................................44
Hnh 4.10. Sa thng tin v ngy thng trng cy .........................................................45
Hnh 4.11. Cy s ID 1863 c xa ........................................................................45
Hnh 4.12. Tm kim cy Bng.......................................................................................46
Hnh 4.13. Tm kim theo tn ng Hong Diu.........................................................47
Hnh 4.14. Bn trc khi thm cy ...........................................................................48
Hnh 4.15. V tr cy sau khi c thm ........................................................................48
Hnh 4.16. V tr cy va thm c xa ..................................................................49
Hnh 4.17. Cng c Go To XY form bn ............................................................... 49
Hnh 4.18. V tr cn hin th l im en c dn nhn ........................................50
Hnh 4.19. Cng c Identify form bn ...................................................................50
Hnh 4.20. V tr cy Lim st sau khi c click ........................................................... 51
Hnh 4.21. Hnh l cy B u........................................................................................51
Hnh 4.22. Lu tr hnh nh ........................................................................................... 52
Hnh 4.23. Thng k tng cy ........................................................................................53
Hnh 4.24. Thng k ton b ..........................................................................................53
Hnh 4.25. Chc nng thng k mt khu vc ................................................................ 54
Hnh 4.26. Tt lp cy cm trng ...................................................................................54
Hnh 4.27. Cc cng c tng tc ..................................................................................54

ix
 CHNG 1. M U
1.1. t vn
Qun 4 l mt trong nhng qun thuc trung tm ca TP.HCM. Qun 4 l ca ng
chnh ni lin Qun 7 cng nh huyn Nh B nhn dn 2 qun huyn i vo trung
tm thnh ph. Qun 4 cng l ca ng nhn dn i t hng trung tm thnh ph
di chuyn v cc tnh min Ty theo hng i l V Vn Kit hoc i l Nguyn
Vn Linh. Cng vi s pht trin mnh m v mt kinh t trong nhng nm qua l
nhng h qu v mt mi trng nh ngp ng, nhim ting n, din tch, s lng
cy xanh ngy cng gim. do vn qun l cy xanh th ca qun ang dn
tr nn cp thit.
Trong nhng nm qua, cng tc trng, chm sc cng nh bo v cy xanh khu vc
Qun 4 ni ring cng nh cy xanh thuc TP.HCM c cc cp, cc ngnh ca
thnh ph quan tm v u t thch ng. Tuy nhin, vic lu tr, tra cu, tm ngun
thng tin lin quan n cy xanh khi cn thit v cng kh khn v phc tp v cc file
ny thng dng excel (*.xlx, *.xlxs) hoc file word (*.doc, *docx). Cc thng tin
bn dng m t, hin th v tr ca cc cy cng nh s liu thng k hon ton
c lp vi nhau. iu ny gy kh khn cho vic kim tra, cp nht v b sung s
liu, ng thi cc d liu v thng tin a l (khng gian, thuc tnh.) v cng tc
qun l cy xanh th trn a bn Qun 4 cha c th hin trc quan trn mt h
thng bn chung ngi qun l c ci nhn ton cnh v cng vic qun l ca
mnh.
H thng cy xanh th hay cn gi l cy xanh ng ph ca cc qun ni chung
v Qun 4 ni ring c vai tr, chc nng sinh thi quan trng trong vic chnh trang
th, gim thiu nhim mi trng. ng thi, cy xanh ng ph ng ph cn
ng mt vai tr thit yu nhm gim thiu s bin i kh hu.
Vi vic pht trin nhanh chng ca cng ngh thng tin th vic tm mt cng c
gii quyt cc vn nh: vic tra cu, truy xut, tm kim nhanh, tm ngun thng tin
lin quan n cy xanh.l mt vn cn thit. GIS (Geographic Information
System) h thng thng tin a l l mt nhnh pht trin ca cng ngh thng tin c
th gii quyt c phn ln nhng vn trn. GIS v ang c nhiu ngnh ng

1
dng. GIS c th cung cp thng tin tra cu mt cch khch quan, nhanh chng v
chnh xc mi lc, mi ni trn b mt tri t. Vi c th khng gian ca cng
ngh, cc thng tin v h thng cy xanh s l i tng chnh ca vic nghin cu
ti:
ng dng cng ngh GIS xy dng chng trnh qun l cy xanh th ti Qun
4, TP.HCM.
1.2. Mc ch ti

Xy dng cng c phn mm da trn h thng thng tin a l phc v cho vic qun
l cy xanh trn a bn Qun 4, TP.HCM. Mc tiu chi tit ca ti nh sau: kt
hp vi phn mm Arcgis 10.0 gip cho vic tm kim, truy xut mt cy th cy
phi th hin c d liu thuc tnh nh: nm trng, chiu cao, ng knh thn
(1.3m) v d liu khng gian (v tr, ta .).

1.2.1. Mc ch c th
a) nh gi hin trng cy th ti khu vc nghin cu
- Qun 4 c tng s cy xanh l 1836 cy. Vi tng s loi l 33 loi.
- Tm hiu v kho st thc a phc v cho vic xem xt, nh gi tnh hnh sc
khe ca cc cy nhng tuyn ng ln nh Hong Diu, Khnh Hi, Nguyn
Tt Thnh, Bn Vn n..
- Tra cu Quyt nh s: 52/2013/Q-UBND ca y ban nhn dn thnh ph v
BAN HNH DANH MC CY CM TRNG TRN NG PH THUC A
BN THNH PH H CH MINH phc v cho vic th hin, cng nh trc quan
cc v tr ca cc cy cm trng trong tng s cc cy c trong s liu trn bn .
b) Xy dng h thng c s d liu cy xanh gm cc mc:
- Tn cy, tn loi, tn khoa hc
- Chiu cao, b ngang, ng knh tn..
- V tr, ta , a ch, tn ng hoc tn cng vin.
c) Xy dng cng c qun l cy xanh
- Xy dng c cng c qun l v bn hin trng cy xanh da theo s liu iu
tra thc a cng nh s liu do phng K thut, Cng ty TNHH MTV Cng vin
Cy xanh TP.HCM thuc S Giao thng vt ti cung cp.
2
- Thit lp cng c v hin th trc quan tng s cy xanh trn bn , cng nh s
lng cy b cm trng trong tng s cc cy c trong s liu c cung cp.
1.2.2. Phm vi nghin cu
a. V v tr a l: khu vc nghin cu l Qun 4, TP.HCM.
b. i tng nghin cu: cy xanh th.
c. Quy m d liu: thuc mt qun, c th l Qun 4, TP.HCM.
d. V cng ngh: s dng cng ngh m ngun m cho pht trin cc ng dng lp
trnh GIS gm:
Cng c hin th v tng tc d liu khng gian: phn mm Arcgis 10.0,
phn mm Visual studio 10.
Cng c hin th v tng tc d liu thuc tnh: Excel.
Cng c lu tr v truy vn d liu khng gian v d liu thuc tnh:
PostgresSQL 9.3/ Postgis 9.3.
1.2.3. Gii hn ti
a) Gii hn khu vc
- Phm vi thc hin ti thuc a bn Qun 4, TP.HCM.
- Do s lng cy ln cng nh thiu phng tin, cc cng c chuyn dng o
mt cch chun xc thuc tnh ca cy nh: chiu cao, ng knh thn (1.3m),
ng knh tn.nn ti s thc hin cc con ng ln, c nhiu cy nh:
ng Nguyn Tt Thnh, ng Hong Diu, Bn Vn n, Khnh Hi.
b) Gii hn thi gian

V thi gian thc hin ngn v d liu cy xanh ln nn phng php ly ta cy

xanh bao gm hai cch.

Cch 1: Ly ta mu cc cy mt vi v tr c th, nht qun, khng thay i hoc

him khi thay i nh ng t, chn cu, hoc vng xoay. (khong 200 500 cy).

Cch 2: Dng cng c Add Basemap trong phn mm Arcgis 10.0 ly bn khu
vc nghin cu. T nhng ta mu ca cy xanh c cch u tin, ta s add
nhng ta vo bn nn kim ta chnh xc ca cc ta mu. Nu sai

3
nhiu t 10% n 20% tng s cy c ly ta th phi i thc a li. Nu bng
hoc nh hn th ta s hiu chnh li ta cho ng vi bn nn.

Hnh 1.1. Bn khu vc Qun 4 vi t l 1:15.000 bng cng c Add Basemap

c) Gii hn v cng ngh

ti s dng cc cng ngh m ngun m Postgres/Postgis, ArcEngine tch hp vo

Visual Studio 10, v ngn ng lp trnh Csharp (C#) pht trin cng c bao gm:

Cng c hin th d liu thuc tnh: tm kim, thm, sa, xa, hoc xut ra
excel tn, v tr, ta , cng nh hnh nh ca cc loi cy.
Cng c v mt khng gian: hin th cc cy trn bn , tm kim n ng
v tr khi nhp tn cng nh s th t ca cy trong mt loi, zoom i tng,
thm v hin th trc tip n ng v tr cn thit.
d) Gii hn v ni dung
ti ch dng li mc xut mt cng c, chng trnh phc v cho cng tc
qun l cy xanh th Qun 4.
1.2.4. ngha ti

Chng trnh qun l sau khi hon thnh trong ti s l cng c h tr trong cng
tc qun l cy xanh th theo hng tit kim chi ph u t xy dng h thng, lu
tr s liu, s sch, trc quan, d s dng cho ngi dng, cng nh ngi qun l cy
xanh th.
4
Xut pht t nhng l do v mc ch nu, ti ng dng cng ngh GIS xy
dng chng trnh qun l cy xanh th ti Qun 4, TP.HCM c thc
hin.

5
 CHNG 2. TNG QUAN
2.1. Tng quan v h thng thng tin a l (GIS)
2.1.1. nh ngha GIS

GIS l mt h thng thng tin m n s dng d liu u vo, cc thao tc phn

tch, c s d liu u ra lin quan v mc a l khng gian (geographically or
geospatial), nhm tr gip vic thu nhn, lu tr, qun l, x l, phn tch v hin th
cc thng tin khng gian t th gii thc gii quyt cc vn tng hp thng tin
cho cc mc ch ca con ngi t ra, chng hn nh: h tr vic ra cc quyt
nh cho vic quy hoch (planning) v qun l (management) s dng t (land use),
ti nguyn thin nhin (natural resourse), mi trng (environment), giao thng
(transportation), d dng trong vic quy hoch pht trin th v nhng vic lu tr
d liu hnh chnh. (Nguyn Kim Li, 2009, H thng thng tin a l nng cao,
Nh xut bn nng nghip Tp.H Ch Minh, Chng 1, Trang 5).

2.1.2. S lc v lch s pht trin GIS

- H thng thng tin a l c hnh thnh vo nhng nm 1960 c quan a
chnh ca Canada v pht trin rt rng ri trong nhng nm gn y ti nhiu nc
trn th gii. GS. Roger Tomlinson l ngi xy dng h thng thng tin a l u
tin trn th gii. l h thng thng tin a l quc gia Canada (Canada
Geographic Information System). Ngoi ra, ng cn c bit n nh l ngi u
tin a ra thut ng GIS. Nm 1963, gio s Roger Tomlinson khin thgii
phi cng nhn ng l cha ca GIS.
- Mi cho n u thp nin 80, khi phn cng my tnh pht trin mnh vinhng
tnh nng cao, gi r, ng thi pht trin nhanh v l thuyt cng nh ng dng c
s d liu cng vi nhu cu cn thit v thng tin lm cho cng ngh GIS cng
ngy c quan tm hn.
2.1.3. Nguyn tc hot ng ca GIS

GIS c chc nng chnh nh qun l, lu tr, tm kim, th hin, trao i v x l d

liu khng gian cng nh cc d liu thuc tnh.

2.1.4. Cu trc ca h thng thng tin a l

6
 a. Phn cng
Bao gm h thng my tnh v cc thit b ngoi vi c kh nng thc hin cc chc
nng nhp thng tin (Input), xut thng tin (Output) v x l thng tin ca phn mm.
H thng ny gm c my ch (server), my khch (client), my qut (scanner), my
in (printer) c lin kt vi nhau trong mng LAN hay Internet.
b. Phn mm

i km vi h thng thit b trong GIS trn l mt h phn mm c ti thiu 4 nhm

chc nng sau y:

- Nhp thng tin khng gian v thng tin thuc tnh t cc ngun khc nhau.
- Lu tr, iu chnh, cp nht v t chc cc thng tin khng gian v thng tin thuc
tnh.
- Phn tch bin i thng tin trong c s d liu nhm gii quyt cc bi ton ti u
v m hnh m phng khng gian thi gian.
- Hin thv trnh by thng tin di cc dng khc nhau, vi cc bin php khc
nhau. Phn mm c phn thnh ba lp: h iu hnh, cc chng trnh tin ch
c bit v cc chng trnh ng dng.
c. C s d liu

GIS phi bao gm mt c s d liu cha cc thng tin khng gian (thng tin a l:
cp ta x, y trong h ta phng hoc a l) v cc thng tin thuc tnh lin kt
cht ch vi nhau v c tchc theo mt chuyn ngnh nht nh. Thi gian
c m t nh mt kiu thuc tnh c bit. Quan h c biu din thng qua thng
tin khng gian hoc thuc tnh.

2.1.5. D liu ca h thng thng tin a l

a. Khi nim v d liu a l

D liu a l nhm phn nh th gii thc, cn tr li c cc cu hi:

- Ci g (d liu thuc tnh)?

- u (d liu khng gian)?
- Khi no (thi gian)?

7
- Tng tc vi cc i tng khc ra sao (quan h)?

Mt i tng ca d liu a l c coi l xc nh khi c thng tin v cc lnh

vc trn.

b. Cch thc biu din d liu a l

C hai dng cu trc d liu c bn trong GIS. l d liu khng gian v d liu
thuc tnh. c im quan trng trong t chc d liu ca GIS l: d liu khng gian
(bn ) v d liu thuc tnh c lu tr trong cng mt c s d liu (CSDL) v c
quan h cht ch vi nhau.Trong , m hnh Raster hoc m hnh Vector c s
dng biu din v tr, m hnh phn cp, m hnh mng hoc m hnh quan h c
s dng biu din thuc tnh ca cc i tng, cc hot ng, cc s kin trong th
gii thc.
- D liu khng gian: cc i tng khng gian trong GIS c nhm theo ba loi
i tng: im, ng v vng. Ba i tng khng gian trn d m hnh cu
trc d liu GIS no u c mt im chung l v tr ca chng u c ghi nhn
bng gi tr to trong mt h to no tham chiu vi h to dng cho
Tri t.
- D liu thuc tnh: D liu thuc tnh l cc thng tin i km vi cc d liu khng
gian, ch ra cc tnh cht c trng cho mi i tng im, ng v vng trn bn
. D liu thuc tnh dng m t c im ca i tng. D liu thuc tnh c
th l nh tnh m t cht lng (qualitative) hay l nh lng (quantative). Cc
thng tin thuc tnh thnng c lu tr di dng cc tp tin d liu ca cc h
qun trdliu nh DBASE, ACCES, ORACLE. Thng thng cc phn mm GIS
nh ARCGIS, MAPINFO, ARCINFO, ARCVIEW..thng c thm phn ch
nng qun tr c s d liu thuc tnh di dng cc tp *.DAT, *.DBF.
2.1.6. Shapefile v H qun tr c s d liu (CSDL)
a. Shape file
- Esri Shapefile hay gi n gin l shapefile l mt nh dng d liu vector khng
gian dnh cho cc phn mm GIS. c pht trin v iu chnh bi ESRI.
Shapefiles m t cc i tng khng gian nh: im, ng, vng.

8
- Shapefile l nh dng vector lu tr v tr a l kt hp vi thng tin a l ca cc
i tng.
b. H qun tr CSDL
- Mt h qun tr CSDL l mt tp hp cc chng trnh nhm qun l cc cng vic
khi to, bo dng v s dng cc CSDL. N cho php cc t chc t quyn
kim sot ca CSDL cho qun tr vin v nhng ngi c quyn c bit. Mt h
qun tr CSDL l mt gi h thng phn mm m c tp hp t nhiu d liu v
tp tin c gi l CSDL. N cho php nhng chng trnh hay ngi dng khc
truy cp d dng vo CSDL. H qun tr CSDL c th s dng nhiu loi m hnh
d liu, chng hn nh m hnh mng hay m hnh quan h. Trong nhng h thng
ln h qun tr CSDL cho php ngi dng v phn mm c th lu tr hoc trch
xut d liu theo phng php cu trc. Thay v vic phi vit nhng chng trnh
dng trch xut thng tin, ngi dng ch cn t nhng cu truy vn s dng
ngn ng truy vn (query language). N cung cp kh nng iu khin truy cp d
liu, tch hp d liu, qun l ng thi, v khi phc CSDL t cc bn sao lu.
- Mt h qun tr CSDL cng cung cp kh nng phn phi d liu ti ngi dng
mt cc hp l.
2.1.7. ng dng ca GIS

K thut GIS hin nay c ng dng ph bin trong nhiu lnh vc:

- Nghin cu qun l ti nguyn thin nhin v mi trng gm:

a) Qun tr rng (theodi s thay i, phn loi...),
b) Qun tr ng di c v i sng ng vt hoang d,
c) Qun l v quy hoch ng bng ngp l, lu vc sng,
d) Phn tch cc bin ng kh hu, thu vn,
e) Nghin cu tnh trng xi mn t.
- Nghin cu iu kin kinh t - x hi gm:
Qun l dn s,
Qun tr mng li giao thng (thu - b),
Qun l mng li y t, gio dc,
iu tra v qun l h thng c s h tng.
9
- Nghin cu h tr cc chng trnh quy hoch pht trin gm:
nh gi kh nng thch nghi cy trng, vt nui v ng vt hoang d,
nh hng v xc nh cc vng pht trin ti u trong sn xut nng nghip,
H tr quy hoch v qun l cc vng bo tn thin nhin,
nh gi kh nng v nh hng quy hoch cc vng th, cng nghip ln,
H tr b tr mng li y t, gio dc.
- Trong nghin cu sn xut nng nghip v pht trin nng thn gm:
Th nhng.
Trng trt.
Quy hoch thy vn v ti tiu.
Kinh t nng nghip.
Phn tch kh hu.
M hnh ha nng nghip.
Chn nui gia sc/gia cm.
2.2. c im khu vc nghin cu

Qun 4 l mt qun thuc trung tm TP.HCM. Qun 4 c to bi ba mt sng l:

sng Si Gn (di 2.300 m) v pha ng bc, tip gip Qun 2; rch Bn Ngh (di
3.250 m) v pha Ty bc, tip gip Qun 5; knh T (di 4.400 m), tip gip Qun 7.
Din tch Qun 4 ngy nay gn 4,2 km2, c t chc gm 15 phng t Phng 1
n Phng 18 (trong 3 phng c sp nhp li trong qu trnh quy hoch
khng cn a danh l Phng 7; 11 v 17). Dn s Qun 4 hin nay gn 200.000
ngi; c 95,43% ngi Vit, 3,9% ngi Hoa v cn li mt s rt t l ngi dn tc
Khme, Chm, n ang sinh sng trn a bn.

10
 Hnh 2.1. Bn hnh chnh Qun 4

2.3. Gii thiu phn mm Arcgis

- ArcGIS l h thng GIS hng u hin nay, cung cp mt gii php ton din t thu
thp / nhp s liu, chnh l, phn tch v phn phi thng tin trn mng Internet ti
cc cp khc nhau nh c s d liu a l c nhn hay c s d liu ca cc
doanh nghip. V mt cng ngh, hin nay cc chuyn gia GIS coi cng ngh ESRI
l mt gii php mang tnh cht m, tng th v hon chnh, c kh nng khai thc
ht cc chc nng ca GIS trn cc ng dng khc nhau nh: desktop (ArcGIS
Desktop), my ch (ArcGIS Server), cc ng dng Web (ArcIMS, ArcGIS Online),
hoc h thng thit b di ng (ArcPAD)... v c kh nng tng tch cao i vi
nhiu loi sn phm ca nhiu hng khc nhau.
- ArcGIS Destop (vi phin bn mi nht l ArcGIS 10) l mt b phn mm ng
dng gm: ArcMap, ArcCatalog, ArcToolbox, ModelBuilder, ArcScene v
ArcGlobe. Khi s dng cc ng dng ny ng thi, ngi s dng c th thc hin
c cc bi ton ng dng GIS bt k, t n gin n phc tp, bao gm c thnh

11
 lp bn , phn tch a l, chnh sa v bin tp d liu, qun l d liu, hin th
v x l d liu. Phn mm ArcGIS Desktop c cung cp cho ngi dng 1
trong 3 cp bc vi mc chuyn su khc nhau l ArcView, ArcEditor, ArcInfo.
ArcView: Cung cp y chc nng cho php biu din, qun l, xy dng v
phn tch d liu a l, cc cng c phn tch khng gian cng vi vic bin tp
v phn tch thng tin t cc lp bn khc nhau ng thi th hin cc mi
quan h v nhn dng cc m hnh.
ArcEditor: L b sn phm c nhiu chc nng hn, dng chnh sa v qun
l d liu a l. ArcEditor bao gm cc tnh nng ca ArcView v thm vo
l mt s cc cng c chnh sa, bin tp.
ArcInfo: L b sn phm ArcGIS y nht. ArcInfo bao gm tt c cc chc
nng ca ArcView ln ArcEditor. Cung cp cc chc nng to v qun l mt h
GIS, x l d liu khng gian v kh nng chuyn i d liu, xy dng d liu,
m hnh ha, phn tch, hin th bn trn mn hnh my tnh v xut bn bn
ra cc phng tin khc nhau.
2.4. Khi qut v chung v phn mm m ngun m
- M ngun m l thut ng ch cc sn phm phn mm cng khai m ngun (source
code). Ngi dng khng phi tr mt khon chi ph no, hn th na h c quyn
xem, sa i, ci tin, nng cp theo mt s nguyn tc chung qui nh trong giy
php phn mm ngun m General Public Licence - GPL. ng t ca m ngun m
l Richard Stallman, ngi xy dng d n GNU, v cho ra giy php M ngun
m GPL, hai nn tng then cht cho s pht trin ca m ngun m. Cc nh cung
cp phn mm ngun m c quyn yu cu ngi dng tr mt s chi ph v cc
dch v bo hnh, hun luyn, nng cp, t vn, v.v tc l nhng dch v thc s
thc hin phc v ngi dng, nhng khng c bn cc sn phm ngun
m v n l ti sn ca tr tu chung, khng phi l ti sn ring ca mt nh cung
cp no.
- Tin ch khi s dng phn mm m ngun m:
Min ph.
Ngi dng c th chnh sa phn mm ph hp theo nhu cu.
Tnh cng ng: Cng ng s dng v h tr ln.
12
 Tit kim c chi ph khi pht trin cc phn mm nghip v (s dng phn
mm, module c sn pht trin tip, sa i iu chnh cho ph hp vi nhu
cu).
t ph thuc vo nh cung cp phn mm.
Phc v nhu cu s dng ca nhiu i tng: cc c nhn, cng ty, t chc kinh
t, c quan nh nc
2.5. Tng quan v h qun tr c s d liu PostgresSQL

PostgreSQL l mt h qun tr CSDL quan h - i tng c ngun gc t d n

Ingres ti trng i Hc Berkeley ca c vo nm 1986. Vi PostGIS - thnh phn
mrng ca PostgreSQL gip cho PostgreSQL c kh nng lu tr cc d liu a l
nh im, ng, vng

Cc tnh nng ca PostgreSQL:

- Hng i tng: trong PostgreSQL mi bng c nh ngha nh mt lp.
- M ngun m: C mt s lng ln ngi dng v pht trin PostgreSQL.
- Kiu d liu: PostgreSQL h tr nhiu kiu d liu khc nhau nh: string, boolean,
text, varchar, number, c bit l kiu d liu geometry gip cho vic truy vn cc
i tng shape file (*.shp) c thc hin d dng v nhanh chng. Ngoi ra,
PostgreSQL cng h tr nhiu kiu d liu thng dng khc.
- PostgresSQL/PostGIS c h tr bi kh nhiu phn mm GIS (kc phn mm
m ngun m ln phn mm thng mi nh ArcGIS).
Cc cng c qun tr trong PostgresSQL:
a. Cng c dng lnh psql
Cng c dng lnh dng ph bin trong PostgreSQL l psql. Cng c ny cho php
ngi dng:
- Kt ni ti c s d liu.
- Thi hnh truy vn
- Qun l c s d liu: to c s d liu, thm bng, truy cp hay cp nht d liu s
dng cc lnh SQL.
b. Cng c ha pgAdmin III

13
PgAdminIII l mt giao din ha cho c s d liu trong PostgreSQL. y l cng
c qun l v pht trin c s d liu PostgreSQL mnh m, min ph v cung cp
nhiu tnh nng:
- To v xa tablespaces, database, tabales v schemas.
- Thi hnh lnh SQL vi ca s truy vn.
- Xut kt qutruy vn SQL thnh cc tp tin.
- Sao chp, phc hi database hoc tables.
- Xem, bin tp v thm d liu vo table.
c. Postgis cng c m rng ca PostgresSQL
- Postgis l phn m rng ca PostgreSQL dng qun l d liu khng gian.
Postgis h tr cc php truy vn v phn tch khng gian hon ton bng dng lnh
SQL.
- Postgis l mt module m rng b sung vo PostgreSQL h tr qun l d liu
khng gian.
- Postgis h tr lu tr d liu khng gian, cc hm phn tch khng gian nh:
Crosses (), Touches (), Intersection (), Union ()..
2.6. Khi qut chung v cy xanh th
2.6.1. nh ngha cy xanh th

Cy xanh th bao gm: cy xanh s dng cng cng, cy xanh s dng hn ch, cy
xanh chuyn dng. C vai tr trong vic iu ha kh hu, bo v mi trng v gii
quyt cc vn dn sinh.

2.6.2. Cng dng ca cy xanh th

- H thng cy xanh c tc dng ci thin kh hu v chng c kh nng ngn chn v
lc bc x mt tri, ngn chn qu trnh bc hi nc, gi m t v m
khng kh thng qua vic hn ch bc hi nc, kim sot gi v lu thng gi.
- Cy xanh c tc dng bo v mi trng: ht kh CO2 v cung cp O2, ngn gi cc
cht kh bi c hi. vng ngoi thnh, cy xanh c tc dng chng xi mn, iu
ho mc nc ngm. Cy xanh cn c tc dng hn ch ting n nht l khu vc
ni thnh.

14
- Cy xanh c vai tr quan trng trong kin trc v trang tr cnh quan. Nhng tnh
cht ca cy xanh nh: hnh dng (tn l, thn cy), mu sc (l, hoa, thn cy, trng
ma ca l...) l nhng yu t trang tr lm tng gi tr thm m ca cng trnh kin
trc cng nh cnh quan chung.
- Ngoi chc nng trang tr, tng thm v p thm m cy xanh cn c tc dng
kim sot giao thng. Vic kim sot giao thng bao gm c xe c gii v ngi i
b. Cc bi thp, b du, ng vin cy xanh trong vn hoa cng vin va c tc
dng trang tr va c tc dng nh hng cho ngi i b. Hng cy bn ng c
tc dng nh hng, nht l vo ban m s phn chiu ca cc gc cy c sn
vi trng l nhng tn hiu ch dn cho ngi i ng.
- S lng cnh nhnh cht ta v n h nhng cy gi ci khng cn tc dng l
ngun cung cp g ci cho dn dng. Ngoi chc nng l sinh vt sn xut nh
trong cc h sinh thi khc (h sinh thi rng, h sinh thi nng nghip...) cy xanh
trong h sinh thi th cn c chc nng quan trng hn l bo v mi trng
v trang tr cnh quan.
2.6.3. Vai tr ca h thng thng tin trong qun l cy xanh th

Phc v, tr gip cng tc trng vic trng, duy tr, v bo v cy xanh th. Gip
ch cho vic lp h s qun l cho tng cy xanh v phc v cht h, dch chuyn cy
xanh th

2.7. Tng quan cc cng trnh nghin cu trong nc v th gii

a. Cc cng trnh nghin cu trn th gii

Mt s cc quc gia nh M, Canada, c..c nhiu cng trnh ng dng cc phn

mm vo qun l thng tin cy xanh. Ni tri trong phi k n mt s phn mm
chuyn qun l cy xanh ca M nh:

- Phn mm SILVIBASE: do Natural Resource Planning Services (NRPS)

Gainesville, Florida (Hoa K) xy dng. SilviBase l phn mm thin v kim k
cy xanh, kim k v kt xut bo co kim k.
- Phn mm Urban Forest Inventory System (UFIS): do Natural Resource
Technologies (NRT) Tallassee, Bang Alabama (Hoa K) xy dng. UFIS s dng

15
 mt m un thi gian thc ca MapInfo hin th v in bn cy, khng gian
trng cy, cc ng ph v cc c trng khc. UFIS ch l chng trnh xem trc
tip cy xanh trn mn hnh.
b. Cc cng trnh nghin cu trong nc

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, nm 2008 ti nghin cu khoa hc mang tn Xy dng

h thng thng tin qun l cy xanh ng ph v cng vin Thnh ph H Ch
Minh do tin s Ch nh L lm ch nhim ti. ti do Vin Mi trng v Ti
nguyn thnh ph H Ch Minh v Cng ty CVCX Thnh ph H Ch Minh phi hp
thc hin.

- H thng tin qun l cy xanh ng ph v cng vin Thnh ph H Ch Minh

cung cp cc thng tin v:
1. D liu cy xanh cng cng (ng ph, cng vin): v tr cy trn bn ,
hnh nh cy..
2. D liu th mc hc.
3. Lu tr v tnh ton tng hp s liu cy xanh.
4. Cc mng xanh c th phc v qung b du lch xanh.

Thnh ph Lt, c ti nghin cu ng dng cng ngh thng tin a l (GIS)

vo qun l cy xanh ng ph, do Trung tm GIS Lt phi hp cng Trung tm
Nng nghip lt v UBND TP lt thc hin.

- ng dng cng nghthngtin a l (GIS) vo qun l cy xanh ng ph cung

cp cc thng tin v:
1. V tr cy xanh trn bn .
2. Cc thng tin v cy xanh.
3. Hnh nh ca cy xanh.

16
 CHNG 3. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Phng php nghin cu bao gm cc bc c tm tt nh sau:

- Bc 1: Tm hiu hin trng v nhu cu qun l, thu thp d liu, tm hiu h qun
tr CSDL PostgreSQL/Postgis
- Bc 2: Phn tch nhu cu ca chng trnh qun l v chun ha d liu.
- Bc 3: Xy dng c s d liu.
- Bc 4: Xc nh yu cu cng nh chc nng cn c ca mt chng trnh qun
l.
- Bc 5: Xy dng (lp trnh) chng trnh qun l theo nhng yu cu t ra.
- Bc 6: Kim tra v honh chnh chng trnh.
S phng php nghin cu

17
 Xc nh mc tiu ti

Tm hiu h qun Tm hiu hin

Thu thp d liu
tr CSDL trng v nhu cu
PostgreSQL qun l

D liu khng Phn tch nhu cu

D liu thuc tnh
gian qun l cy xanh
th

Chun ha d liu
Xc nh nhng yu cu cn
thit cn c ca chng trnh
qun l cy xanh th
Xy dng c s d liu

Xy dng (lp trnh) chng trnh

qun l cho ph hp vi c s d
liu v nhng yu cu ca
chng trnh

Chp nhn? Kim tra v chy Chp nhn?

Khng th chng trnh C

Chnh sa v
hon thin
chng trnh qun
l cy xanh

Hnh 3.1. S phng php nghin cu

18
3.1. Tm hiu phn mm PostgreSQL
3.1.1. Cc thnh phn chnh trong PostgreSQL
a. To Server
bt u, chng ta cn to mt Server. Server c th dng mt hosting min ph trn
mng, cng c th dng hosting ti ni lm vic, hoc c th to mt Server vi
localhost.

Hnh 3.2. Biu tng to Server

Sau khi kch vo biu tng to Server, ta s thy bng New Server Registration, vi
tab Properties. Tab ny chng ta s in vo nhng bt buc to mt Server cn
thit phc v cho vic qun l c s d liu cng nh truy vn, thm hoc sa xa i
vi cc bng record trong c s d liu ca chng ta. Cc bc gm:
1. Name: in tn to c s d liu
2. Host: in mt a ch IP min ph hoc a ch ip m my ch c sn cng
cho php. y, ta s in localhost tin li cho vic thc hin.
3. Password: ta c th in mt mt khu phc v cho cho vic bo mt. Hoc
nu khng mun in mt khu, ta c th b tick trong Store password.
4. Colour: ta c th chn mu lm ni bt tn c s d liu (y l phn
khng bt buc, nu khng chn mu th PostgresSQL s mc nh l mu
trng).
5. Sau khi hon thnh nhng bc trn, chng ta click vo OK kt thc qu
trnh to Server.

19
 Hnh 3.3. Bng New Server Registration v tab Properties

b. To Database
Sau khi c mt Server, ta click p vo Server , to Database. Ta click vo
Database chn New Database. Bng New Database s xut hin vi tab
Properties. tab ny, ta ch cn in tn vo Name v click OK th hon
thnh vic to c s d liu ca chng ta.

20
 Hnh 3.4. Tab Properties ca New Database

c. To d liu khng gian trong c s d liu va to

- d dng thc hin cng vic truy vn cc d liu khng gian, cng nh qun l
d liu khng gian trong PostgreSQL, ta phi to d liu khng gian vi phn m
rng Postgis ca PostgreSQL.
- Ta chy cng c Application Stack Buider, chn mc PostgreSQL 9.3 on port
5432 (nu ci cc phin bn PostgreSQL s khc th mc ny s c s phin hiu
gn lin vi phin bn PostgreSQL m ta ci t). Xong ta click Next. Phn
ny bt buc my tnh chng ta phi kt ni mng phc v cho vic ti phn m
rng Postgis.
- Click Next xong, ta s chn.. chng trnh t ng ti phn m rng Postgis
v my.

21
- Khi phn m rng Postgis c, PostgreSQL s t ng ci nu chng ta chn
Yes, nu khng, ta c th chn No kt thc chng trnh.
- Sau , ta s ci chng trnh Postgis. Ta s click chn thm Create spatial
database to phn khng gian cho c s d liu.

Hnh 3.5. Chn Create spatial database

- Click Next cho n khi xut hin khung Database name. khung ny, ta s
thc hin vic in li tn cho trng khp vi tn c s d liu tao to trn. Ta
chn install thc hin qu trnh ci t v chng trnh ci t s t kt thc
qu trnh ci t.

22
 Hnh 3.6. i v in tn cho database

3.1.2. Khung lm vic ca PostgreSQL

a. Thanh cng c menu
Thanh cng c menu gm mt thanh cng c c th bng ch v mt thanh cng c
c th hin bng nhng biu tng. Hai thanh cng c ny c nhng chc nng
tng t nhau. Tuy nhin, thanh cng c biu tng s gip cho vic truy vn cng
nh thao tc, lm vic trn phn mm phn PostgreSQL c nhanh chng v tin
dng hn so vi thanh cng c ch.

Hnh 3.7. Thanh cng c ch

Mt s chc nng ca thanh cng c biu tng:

- Cng c Add a connection to a server: thm mt server. Biu tng

- Cng c Refresh the selected object: lm mi li cc table sau khi truy vn hoc

thc hin thm mt bng trong PostgreSQL. Biu tng

23
- Cng c Display/edit the properties of the selected object: chnh sa cc thuc tnh.

Biu tng
- Cng c Create a new object of the same type as the selected object: to mi mt

Shema. Biu tng:

- Cng c Drop the currently the selected object: xa mt bng hoc mt Shema

chn trc . Biu tng:

- Cng c Execute arbitrary SQL queries: thc hin cc cu lnh truy vn cho cc

bng cng nh cc dng thuc mt bng. Biu tng

- Cng c View the data in the selected object: xem cc dng d liu sau khi click

chn mt bng. Biu tng

- Cng c Execute the last used plugin: dng m nhanh phn m rng Postgis.

Biu tng

Hnh 3.8. Thanh cng c biu tng

b. Khu vc lm vic
- Object browser dng cha cc Server, Database, Login Roles v cc Bng.
- SQL panel th hin cc Bng cng nh kiu d liu ca Bng.
- Khung cha cc tab Propaties, Statistics, Dependencies, v Dependent.
3.1.3. Chnh sa bn thuc tnh
Bng l mt phn ca c s d liu. Bng gm cc hng hay cc record v cc ct hay
cc trng cha thng tin thuc tnh ca cc i tng (im, ng, vng).
Mi yu t (im, ng, vng) ca mt lp tng ng mt record trong bng thuc
tnh.

24
 Hnh 3.9. Bng th hin thuc tnh trong PostgreSQL

a. Thm mt record dng

Ta c th thm trc tip mt i tng vi thuc tnh ca ca trong Bng. cui mi
Bng, PostgreSQL u cha mt dng trng ta c th thm trc tip thuc tnh ca
mt i tng mi.

Hnh 3.10. Dng cui cng thm thuc tnh ca i tng mi

b. Chnh sa record dng

chnh sa, hoc thay i mt thuc tnh ca i tng v d nh tn, s th t,
hoc thm ch l ta ..ta c th lm trc tip trn dng . Ta click chn i
tng mun chnh sa hoc thay i, chn ct thuc tnh cn thao tc ca i tng
v chnh sa.

25
 Hnh 3.11. Chnh sa thuc tnh ca mt i tng khi click chn

c. Xa b record dng
xa mt i tng, ta chn vo i tng cn xa, v click vo biu tng Delete
selected rows. Sau , ta click vo biu tng Refresh cho bng i tng c
lm mi li. Nh vy, ta xa c i tng cn xa.

Hnh 3.12. Xa b mt i tng sau khi click chn

3.2. Hin trng v nhu cu qun l

Hin ti cc giy t, cc h s, cc vn bn lin quan ti vn qun l cy c lu
tr ch yu bng cc s sch, file excel hoc file word, cc th mc trong my tnh
iu ny gy kh khn cho cng tc tng hp, kim tra, thng k bo co, theo di
tnh hnh sc khe ca cy cng nh trong cng tc qun l cy, ct, ta, chm sc
cyMt khc cc d liu thng tin a l lin quan ti tnh hnh qun l cy cha
c hin th mt cch trc quan trn bn gip ngi qun l c ci nhn ton
cnh v vn qun l.
T hin trng qun l nh nu, nhu cu t ra l cn c mt gii php v cng c
GIS hin th v tng tc bn khc phc cc hn ch nu trn. Do , chng
trnh qun l cy xanh s p ng mt phn v mt qun l, v l mt cng c tng
tc vi bn GIS cng nh lm gim vic lu tr s liu bng s sch, giy t
3.3. Thu thp d liu
a. D liu thuc tnh

26
D liu thuc tnh c cung cp bi bi phng K thut, Cng ty TNHH MTV Cng
vin Cy xanh Tp.HCM. D liu thuc tnh c s dng trong ti gm:
Tn cy, tn khoa hc, s th t ca tng cy, s th t ca tng loi cy, ngy
thng nm trng cy , chiu cao ca tng cy, chiu cao trung bnh ca tng
loi cy.
S lng cy, s lng loi, s lng cy cm trng.
Tn ng ni cy c trng, khu vc trng (cng vin, ch, trng hc..),
v tr a ch trng (l chn hoc l l - theo quy nh ca s nh ti ni trng).
T cng nh nhn vin ph trch cng tc chm sc cy ti tng khu vc.

Bng 3.1. D liu thuc tnh cy xanh th Qun 4, TP.HCM

Ph T Tn ng - on Loi S Nm Ngy
STT XN K/TB T KV a ch Qun L MT 1A L1 L2 L3 Bn
trch vin Cng vin ng cy Cy trng thng
14 ( 15(6-
16(>12
1' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8' 9 10 11 12 di 6 12 17 18
thuoc)
13' thc thc)
1Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 33 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3M 2004 0 0 0 0 0 0
(Ngun: Phng K thut, Cng ty Cng vin cy xanh)
b. D liu khng gian
D liu khng gian c thu thp bng my nh v ta GPS. Vic s dng my
GPS l do my GPS c thit k cho php ly ta vi sai s di 10 15m.
Ta sau khi c thu thp ngoi thc a, ta s c hiu chnh ta trn bn
, da vo sai s hin th trn my GPS v ly cc mc ngoi thc a nh ng ba,
ng t, cng vin cc tuyn ng lm chun. Mi cy trn mi tuyn ng u c
s th t v c nh s bng sn mu trng.
3.4. Chun ha d liu
Sau khi cc d liu thuc tnh v khng gian thu thp, ta bin tp li cc d liu
thnh mt d liu thng nht v chi tit. T ngun d liu chun ha, ta s xy
dng mt ngun c s d liu hon chnh.

27
Bng 3.2. D liu sau khi c chun ha thnh c s d liu

Ph T Tn ng - Cng Loi S Nm Ngy

STT XN K/TB T KV a ch x_long x_lat Qun L MT L1 L2 L3 Bn
trch vin vin cy Cy trng thng
1' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 14 15 16 17 18
1 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.70537 10.768087 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3D 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
2 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.70533 10.768076 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.7053 10.768062 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3E 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
4 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.70527 10.768047 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3F 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.70524 10.768032 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3H 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
6 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.70508 10.768122 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3I 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
7 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 0 106.70502 10.768103 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3K 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
8 Bnh K1.1 XN1 TB 5 P 33 106.70385 10.767444 4 Th Hng Bn Vn n L Phng v 3M 2004 0 0 0 0 0 0

3.5. Thit k h thng

- Da theo nhu cu qun l c nu mc trn th cng c qun l cy xanh th
ti Qun 4, TPHCM c thit k theo m hnh Server Client. M hnh ny c
thit k trn nn tng m ngun m:
Phn mm GIS m ngun m: ArcEngine.
H qun tr c s d liu: PostgreSQL/Postgis.
Mi trng lp trnh: Visual studio 10.
Ngn ng lp trnh: C# - Csharp.
M hnh h thng sau khi chy

PostgresSQL/
PostGIS

Ngi dng

Ngi dng

Server

Ngi dng
Ngi dng

Ngi dng

Hnh 3.13. M hnh h thng sau khi chy

28
- Theo m hnh ny th pha Server s qun l dliu thuc tnh v khng gian ca
cc i tng trong h qun tr c s d liu PostgresSQL/PostGIS. Pha Ngi
dng s tng tc vi d liu thng qua cng c qun l cy xanh vi cc chc
nng c thit k h tr cho cng tc qun l. iu ny ph hp vi nhu cu hin
th v tng tc cc d liu khng gian trn bn nh nu trn.
3.6. Thit k c s d liu
T d liu c chun ha, ta xy dng c c s d liu. C s d liu c
thit k da trn phn mm pgmodeler:
- Thit k m hnh d liu bng phn mm pgmodeler
- T m hnh d liu, ta nh x qua h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL bng cch
xut mt bng m bng file *.sql trong pgmodeler. T file *.sql, ta s import vo
PostgreSQL.
3.6.1. M hnh d liu

Hnh 3.14. M hnh d liu c thit k bng phn mm pgmodeler

M t cc mi quan h nh sau:

29
Mi quan h: y l mi quan h gi bng cay (cy) v bng thongtincay (thng tin
cy).
M t: mi cy ch c th c mt idloai, tenkhoahoc, hoc xut x. Mi quan h ca 2
bng ny l ph thuc v khng c lp vi nhau. Kiu quan h ca 2 bng ny l 1
1 (mt mt).

Mi quan h: y l mi quan h gi bng cay (cy) v bng theodoicay (theo di

cy).
M t: mi cy ch c th c mt idcay, chieucao, hoc diachi cho ring bn thn cy
. Mi quan h ca 2 bng ny l ph thuc v khng c lp vi nhau. Kiu quan h
ca 2 bng ny l 1 1 (mt mt).

Mi quan h: y l mi quan h gi bng cay (cy) v bng chamsoc (chm sc).

M t: mt cy c th c nhiu nhn vin chm sc, ngc li, mt nhn vin c th
chm sc nhiu cy. Mi quan h gia 2 bng ny l c lp vi nhau. Kiu quan h
ca 2 bng ny l 1 - * (mt nhiu).
30
Mi quan h: y l mi quan h gi bng chamsoc (chm sc) v bng congviec (cng
vic).
M t: mt cng vic c th c thc hin bi nhiu nhn vin khc nhau, ngc li,
mt nhn vin c th c giao nhng cng vic khc nhau. Mi quan h gia 2 bng
ny l c lp vi nhau. Kiu quan h ca 2 bng ny l 1 - * (mt nhiu).

Mi quan h: y l mi quan h gi bng chamsoc (chm sc) v bng

nhanvienchamsoc (nhn vin chm sc).
M t: mt ngy lm vic hoc mt cy c th c thc hin bi nhiu nhn vin
khc nhau, ngc li, mt nhn vin c th c giao nhng cng vic chm sc cy
khc nhau trong nhng ngy khc nhau. Mi quan h gia 2 bng ny l c lp vi
nhau. Kiu quan h ca 2 bng ny l 1 - * (mt nhiu).
3.6.2. nh x qua h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL
- nh x, ta c 2 cch, t m hnh d liu c, ta chn Export to file *.sql, lu
ng dn. Gm:
Cch 1: t th mc lu file, ta m file va lu bng chng trnh notepad hoc
wordpad, copy ton b ni dung trong file. Khi ng PostgreSQL chn c s
d liu, chn Execute arbitrary SQL queries trn Tool bar, v chp ton b ni
dung va copy vo ca s SQL Editor.

Hnh 3.15. Tool bar trong pgAdmin III

31
 Cch 2: ta vo menu Tools Query tool, hoc bm t hp phm CTRL + E,
tip theo ca s Query xut hin, vo chn File Open ng dn n file
*.sql va to.

Hnh 3.16. M file *.sql trong ca s Query

- Cui cng, ta thc hin vic truy vn file *.sql va to bng cch chn Execute
Query trn Tool bar. Sau khi thc thi lnh Execute query, cc bng s c ci t
trn hqun tr c s d liuPostgreSQL.

Hnh 3.17. To cc bng trong file *.sql bng lnh Execute query

- Kt qu sau khi thc hin c th hin nh sau:

Hnh 3.18. Bng d liu sau khi c nh x

32
- M t cc bng d liu c nh x vo h qun tr CSDL PostgreSQL/Postgis nh
sau:

Bng 3.3. M t cy

Cy
STT Tn thuc tnh M t chi tit Kiu d liu
1 idcay(pk) m cy (kha chnh) double precision
2 idloai m loi cy double precision
3 tencay tn cy character varying
4 tenduong tn ng character varying
5 ngaytrong ngy trng text
6 x_long kinh geometry
7 x_lat v geometry
8 idloai_thongtincay(fk) kha ngoi tham chiu ca
double
bngprecision
cay v bng thongtincay
9 idcay_theodoicay(fk) kha ngoi tham chiu ca
double
bngprecision
cay v bng theocay

Bng 3.4. M t thng tin cy

Thng tin cy
STT Tn thuc tnh M t chi tit Kiu d liu
1 idcay(k) m loi cy (kha chnh) double precision
2 tencay tn cy character varying
3 tenkhoahoc tn khoa hc character varying
4 xuatxu xut x character varying
5 nhomloai nhm loi character varying
6 chieucaotrungbinh chiu cao trung bnh character varying

Bng 3.5. M t theo di cy

Theo di cy
STT Tn thuc tnh M t chi tit Kiu d liu
1 idcay(pk) m cy (kha chnh) double precision
2 chieucao chiu cao character varying
3 trangthai trng thi character varying
4 le l character varying
5 bon bn character varying
6 diachi a ch text

33
Bng 3.6. M t chm sc

Chm sc
STT Tn thuc tnh M t chi tit Kiu d liu
1 idchamsoc(pk) m chm sc (kha chnh) double precision
2 ngaylamviec ngy lm vic text
3 idnhanvienchamsoc m nhn vin chm sc double precision
4 idcay m cy double precision
5 idcongviec_congviec(fk) kha ngoi tham chiu ca bng congviec v bng chamsoc double precision
6 idnhanvienchamsoc_nhanvienchamsoc(fk) kha ngoi tham chiu ca bn cay v bng chamsoc double precision
7 idcay_cay(fk) double precision

Bng 3.7. M t nhn vin chm sc

Nhn vin chm sc

STT Tn thuc tnh M t chi tit Kiu d liu
1 idnhanvien(pk) m nhn vin (kha chnh) double precision
2 tennhanvien tn nhn vin character varying
3 ngaychamsoc ngy chm soc text
4 congviec cng vic character varying
5 idcay m cy double precision

Bng 3.8. M t cng vic

Cng vic
STT Tn thuc tnh M t chi tit Kiu d liu
1 idcongviec(pk) m cng vic (kha chnh) double precision
2 tencongviec tn cng vic character varying
3.7. Import shapefile vo PostgreSQL bng phn m rng PostGIS
- Trc tin ta s to 6 file gm cc file: cay, thongtincay, theodoicay, congviec,
nhanvienchamsoc v chamsoc bng chng trnh Arcmap, ri export ra shape file.
T 6 file xut, ta s import vo PostgreSQL. Sau khi import xong, ta vo
PostgreSQL bng pgadminIII, chn Plugins trn thanh cng c, ri chn tip
PostGIS Shapefile and DBF loader 2.1

Hnh 3.19. Plugins trong pgadminIII

34
- Sau khi chn vo PostGIS Shapefile and DBF loader 2.1, s xut hin bng PostGIS
Shapefile Import/Export.., click vo View connection details..in nhng
thng tin cn thit cho database, ta chn Add file chn 6 file va nu. Xong click
Open v OK to shape file.

Hnh 3.20. Ca s PostGIS Shapefile Import/Export

- Kt qu: cc bng nh cay, nhanvienchamsoc,. c import y cc thng

tin ca cc shapefile.
3.8. Xy dng chng trnh qun l
Cng c qun l c vit bng ngn ng lp trnh Csharp trn mi trng Visual
studio 10. Do d mun vit c ng dng, trc tin ngi dng cn ci t y
nhng phn sau ng dng c th c to v thc thi, gm:
1. Visual studio 10 (ch c bn ci ny mi c th tch hp c ArcGIS vo trong
visual, nhng bn khc khng th tch hp c).
2. ArcGIS 10.0 (cc chng trnh arcgis t 10 tr v sau vn c).
35
 3. ArcEngine 10.0 (cc arcengine phi tng thch vi cc phin hiu arcgis).
4. ArcGIS License Manager trong b ci ArcEngine 10.0 (y phn bt buc c
th tch hp ArcGIS trn nn Visual studio 10).
3.8.1. To project vit chng trnh
- Sau khi qu trnh ci t xong, ta vo Visual studio 10 kim tra xem vic tch
hp ArcGIS c thnh cng hay cha. khung khi ng ca Visual studio, chn
New Project, xut hin ca s New Project, khung Recent Templates nu dng
ch ArcGIS th ta ci t thnh cng. Nu khng, ta thc hin li qu trnh ci
t theo 4 bc trn.

Hnh 3.21. Dng ch ArcGIS trong khung Recent Templates

- Khi kim tra thnh cng, ta click lin tip vo Windows Forms Application (nh
hnh 3.18) thc hin cng vic thit k v vit code cho chng trnh qun l cy
xanh.
3.8.2. Thit k giao din chc nng cho chng trnh
- Giao din ca chng trnh c thit k bng cc Toolbox sn c ca Visual
studio. Chng trnh s gm c ci form nh: nhp thm thm cy, nhp thm cng
vic, nhp thm nhn vin, hnh nh, form chy bn ca Arcmap..Chng
36
 trnh c chc nng tm kim v thng k s lng cy ca tng loi. Mi form cng
c th k c th thm, sa, xa, hoc xut ra file excel, cng nh file word vi
form cha bn . Vi form cha bn , c th thm cy trc tip trn bn ng
v tr cn thm mt cch d dng.
- Cc label: tn cy, tn ng, v tr.cng nh cc textbox, combobox th hin
tng ng vi cc gi tr ca tng label tng form.
- Chng trnh button nh: nhp, thm, xa. d dng cho vic thc hin.

S thit k chc nng chng trnh qun l cy xanh

Chng trnh qun l

Ngi qun l Ngi dng

Qun l ng nhp Thao tc trn bn Xem thng tin Tm kim

Thm, sa, xa
Phng to, thu nh, In thng tin cn Tm kim khng
c s d liu
xem ton mn thit ra file Excel gian
hnh
Nng cp. kha
Di chuyn bn , Thng k s Tm kim theo t
chng trnh
r chut, tm ta lng cy ca mt kha thuc tnh
loi cy
Thay i, thm
o khong cch
mi mt khu
v n/hin cc lp
thng tin

Nhiu chc nng

cn thit khc

Hnh 3.22. S chc nng chng trnh qun l cy xanh

37
 CHNG 4. KT QU NGHIN CU
Hon chnh chng trnh qun l cy xanh trn a bn Qun 4, TPHCM. Chng
trnh qun l c cc chc nng xem bn , thng k, tng tc vi bn , qun l,
tm kim v truy vn d liu. Chc nng ca chng trnh dnh cho ngi qun l v
ngi s dng tng i ging nhau. Tuy nhin, khi ngi dng ng nhp, nu l
khng phi l ngi qun l th s khng th dng c cc chc nng sa v xa ca
chng trnh qun l cy xanh.

Chng trnh qun l cy xanh th hin cc lp d liu v thng tin nh: nn bn

Qun 4, tn ng, tn phng cng nh ranh gii gia cc phng, v tr ca cc cy,
cc cy cm trng. Cc bc xy dng chng trnh gm cc bc sau:

Bc 1: Xy dng c s d liu, th hin d liu ln phn mm Arcmap, to cc

shapefile ca cc d liu. Nhp (import) cc shapefile to vo h qun tr d
liu Postgres/Postgis.
Bc 2: Vit chng trnh, xy dng giao din, cc cng c thao tc cho chng
trnh bng ngn ng lp trnh C# trn nn Visual studio.
Bc 3: Kt ni chng trnh qun l vi bn to bng phn mm
Arcmap. ng thi to kt ni chng trnh qun l vi h qun tr Postgres.
Bc 4: Th hin cc lp d liu ln chng trnh. Truy vn vi cc d liu
thuc tnh v d liu khng gian.
Bc 5: Hon chnh v ng gi chng trnh.
4.1. Giao din chng trnh
4.1.1. Giao din v chc nng ng nhp kt ni
- y l form c chc nng kt ni gia chng trnh qun l v h qun tr c s d
liu PostgreSQL. Form cng c chc nng cho nhn thy mt khu phng trng
hp mt khu kh vit.

38
 Hnh 4.1. Giao din ng nhp vo chng trnh

- Khi ng nhp bng quyn qun l, chng trnh qun l s bo l ng nhp ng

vi quyn qun l (admin).

Hnh 4.2. Giao din ng nhp vi quyn qun l

- Sau khi ng nhp vi quyn qun l, cc chc nng sa v xa s c t ng

kch hot trong tt c giao din ca chng trnh.
39
 Hnh 4.3. Chc nng sa v xa c kch hot

- Khi ng nhp bng tn ngi dng, chng trnh qun l s bo ng nhp vi tn

ngi dng.

Hnh 4.4. Giao din ng nhp bng tn ngi dng

- Sau khi ng nhp vi quyn qun l, cc chc nng sa v xa s c t ng

kha khng th dng c trong tt c giao din ca chng trnh.

40
 Hnh 4.5. Chc nng sa v xa b kha

- L do cc chc nng sa v xa b kha khi ng nhp bng tn ngi dng l

trnh trng hp nhiu ngi dng v tnh sa hoc cc xa d liu c trong h
qun tr.
S m t chc nng ng nhp kt ni

41
 ng nhp - kt ni

in tn v mt
khu

Ngi qun l Ngi dng

H thng kt ni
v d tm tn ng
nhp lu trong
h thng

Bo ng nhp
Bo ng nhp
vi quyn ngi
vi quyn qun tr
dng

Dng y tt Hn ch chc
c cc chc nng nng sa v xa
ca chng trnh ca chng trnh
qun l qun l

Hnh 4.6. ng nhp bng quyn qun tr hoc ngi dng

4.1.2. Giao din chnh

- Sau khi hon thnh ng nhp, giao din chnh ca chng trnh s xut hin. T
giao din chnh, ngi qun l hoc ngi dng c th cp nht hoc truy vn cc
thng tin.

42
 Hnh 4.6. Giao din chnh ca chng trnh

- T giao din chnh, ngi qun l hoc ngi dng c th click vo cc menu strip
truy vn d liu (nhp thm, sa, xa, xut bo co.), hoc tng tc vi bn
.
- hin th thng tin giao din chnh, ngoi thng tin c h qun tr d liu,
ngi qun l hoc ngi dng c th nhp thm d liu v cy, nhn vin chm
scSau khi nhp d liu thnh cng, ngi qun l hoc ngi dng s hin
th thng tin nhp thm ngoi giao din chnh. Thng tin hin th ngoi giao
din chnh s c ni vi nhau theo thut ton inner join.
4.1.2.1. Chc nng thm, sa, xa, tm kim.thuc tnh v hin th khng
gian ca i tng
a. V thuc tnh
- Chc nng thm: thm mt tn cy, loi cy, tn nhn vin chm sc, ngy trng,
ngy chm sc, hoc tn ng ti ni cy c trng. chc nng thm, ngi
dng phi nhp y d kin vo cc khung quy nh. Tng t cho cc form
khc.
Trng hp 1: Trng ID c trc

43
 Hnh 4.7. Bo li khi trng vi ID c

Trng hp 2: Nhp thiu mt d kin

Hnh 4.8. Nhp thiu d kin v v

44
- Chc nng sa: sa tn cy, loi cy, tn nhn vin chm sc, ngy trng, ngy
chm sc, hoc tn ng ti ni cy c trng.Khi mun sa mt d kin no th
ch cn click chut v dng (rows) cha d kin v sa trc tip ln khung
(combobox hoc textbox) cha d kin . Tng t cho cc form khc.

Hnh 4.9. Sa thng tin v ngy thng trng cy

- Chc nng xa: sa tn cy, loi cy, tn nhn vin chm sc, ngy trng, ngy
chm sc, hoc tn ng ti ni cy c trng. Tng t cho cc form khc.

Hnh 4.10. Cy s ID 1863 c xa

45
- Chc nng tm kim thng tin theo t kha: chc nng ny cho php ngi s dng
tm kim nhng thng tin ca cc cy theo tn ca tng loi, hoc tm kim tn nhn
vin chm sc cy, hoc tn mt on ng trng loi cy m ngi dng mun
thng k s lng.
Tm kim theo tn cy: lc tt c cc con ng, ngy trng, ta , s th t c
tn cy m ngi dng cn tm kim.

Hnh 4.11. Tm kim cy Bng

Tm kim theo tn ng: lc tt c cc cy, ngy trng, ta , s th t thuc

tn ng m ngi dng cn tm kim.

46
 Hnh 4.12. Tm kim theo tn ng Hong Diu

- Chc nng xut ra excel: chc nng ny cho chp ngi dng xut ra file Excel mt
cch nhanh chng v d dng. Dng cho cng vic bo co s liu.
b. V khng gian
- Chc nng thm, sa, xa v mt khng gian ca form hon ton ging vi form
thuc tnh. Tuy nhin, form cha thng tin khng gian (ta ) ta c th thm i
tng trc tip bng cch r chut n v tr cn thmv click lin tip vo v tr
xut hin form c chc nng thm, sa, xa v mt khng gian. Sau khi thm
hoc xa xong, ta tr li form bn v bm vo nt refresh hon thnh. Nu ta
thm cy th trong form bn s xut hin v tr ta va thm. Ngc li, nu ta xa
th trong form bn v tr cy ta va xa s khng cn.
- Hoc nu ngi dng c sn ta ca cy th c th thm nh trong trng hp
thm thuc tnh cp trn. Tng t cho trng hp xa.
Trng hp 1: thm ta ca mt cy.

47
Hnh 4.13. Bn trc khi thm cy

Hnh 4.14. V tr cy sau khi c thm

48
 Trng hp 2: xa ta ca cy

Hnh 4.15. V tr cy va thm c xa

- Chc nng hin th v tr khng gian ca i tng: chc nng ny cho php chng
ta dng ta ca i tng cy c t ta , ta bit c v tr chnh xc
ca cy v tr no trn bn
- C 2 cch: ngi dng c th nhp trc tip ta ca cy cn hin th.
Cch 1: dng cng c Go To XY form bn . Khi click vo cng c, s
xut hin mt bng cho ngi dng chn ta vo (theo long kinh
, lat v ). Sau khi chn xong, v tr cy cn hin th s hin nhn
(ta cy) hoc mt chp sng ty theo nhu cu ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 4.16. Cng c Go To XY form bn

49
 Hnh 4.17. V tr cn hin th l im en c dn nhn

Cch 2: dng cng c Identify form bn . Khi click vo cng c, s xut

hin mt bng cha tn ca cc cy. Khi ngi dng click vo mt tn, s c
mt chp sng hin th v tr ca cy . Hn ch ca cch ny l cng c
Identify ch cha mt lng tn cy nht nh (t 1-250 cy), v th s gy kh
khn cho ngi s dng nu s lng cy vt qu gii hn hin th ca cng c
ny. Mt hn ch khc l ngi dng khng th hin nhn ln trn bn nh
cch 1.

Hnh 4.18. Cng c Identify form bn

50
 Hnh 4.19. V tr cy Lim st sau khi c click

4.1.2.2. Chc nng hin th v lu tr hnh nh

Chc nng ny h tr cho ngi dng xem hoc lu tr hnh nh ca mt loi cy.
Hnh nh ca loi cy thng l hnh nh v l hoc hoa ca loi cy c hin th.
a. Hin th hnh nh

Hnh 4.20. Hnh l cy B u

51
 b. Lu tr
Chc nng lu tr hnh nh cho php ngi dng c th cp nht hnh nh v mt loi
cy va c thm vo h thng. Hnh nh ca cy sau khi c thm s c lu
tru trong h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL.

Hnh 4.21. Lu tr hnh nh

4.1.2.3. Chc nng thng k

Chc nng thng k ca chng trnh qun l cho php ngi s dng thng k tng
loi cy, thng k ton b loi cy, hoc thng k s lng cy ti mt khu vc hay
mt con ng trong a bn Qun 4.
- Chc nng thng k tng loi: chc nng ny, cho php ngi dng c th dng
combobox kim tn loi cy. Hoc nu mun thng k nhanh, ngi dng c th
nh tn trc tip thng k tn loi cy .

52
 Hnh 4.22. Thng k tng cy

- Chc nng thng k ton b: chc nng ny gip ngi dng thng k ton b s
lng loi cy mt cch d dng.

Hnh 4.23. Thng k ton b

- Chc nng thng k mt khu vc: chc nng ny gip nh qun l c th kim sot
s lng mt loi cy ti cc im v tr nht nh nh trn mt con ng hoc
trong cng vin.

53
 Hnh 4.24. Chc nng thng k mt khu vc

4.1.3. Giao din bn

Giao din cha thng tin bn c cc chc nng sau:
- Bt/ tt cc lp thng tin c trong bn . Cc lp thng tin c th bt hoc tt cng
lc hoc ln lt tng thng tin ty theo nhu cu ca ngi dng.

Hnh 4.25. Tt lp cy cm trng

- Cng c tng tc vi bn : xy dng thnh cng cc cng c tng tc bn

nh: xem ton mn hnh, di chuyn, phng to, thu nh, o khong cch, thm
shapefile, hin th form ng nhp khi click trc tip v bn .

Hnh 4.26. Cc cng c tng tc

54
4.2. ngh ca ti
- Xy dng mt chng trnh hin th, qun l thng tin cy xanh phc v cho cng
tc qun l cy xanh th ti a bn Qun 4. Gip ngi dng thun li trong vic
tm kim, truy vn mt s thng tin thuc tnh cng nh thng tin khng gian mt
cch d dng. ng thi, gip ngi qun l d dng lu tr, qun l, truy vn cc
thng tin nhanh chng, chnh xc, gim chi ph, hiu qu cao.
- Hin th mt cch y , trc quan cho ngi qun l bit c v tr cng nh ta
cc cy b su bnh hoc cc cy b cm trng hoc cc cy b h hng do thin
nhin, con ngiT , ra cc gii php khc phc, bo qun, di di, trng
mi cc v tr cy b h hi hoc cc cy cm trng.
- To tin cho vic qun l cy xanh bng cng ngh m ngun m ca Arcigs,
cng nh cng ngh lu tr bng h qun tr Postgres/Posgis mt cch hiu qu,
nhanh chng, cng nh tit kim chi ph qun l.

55
 CHNG 5. KT LUN V KIN NGH
5.1. Kt lun
Cc kt qu t c ca ti:
- Tm hiu cng c lp trnh m ngun m ArcEngine, cng nh h qun tr c s d
liu thuc tnh v khng gian PostgreSQL/Postgis cho vic phc v xy dng ng
dng GIS c th l trong qun l cy xanh.
- Tch hp bn trong Arcgis vo chng trnh qun l, v cc cng c sn c ca
ArcEngine tng tc vi bn .
- Hon thnh vic thit k cc chc nng cng nh giao din ca chng trnh phc
v cho vic qun l, tng tc vi bn cng nh thng k, bo co cy xanh.
- Phn quyn gia ngi qun l v ngi dng.
ti s dng phn mm GIS m ngun m ArcEngine v cc phn mm m ngun
m khc nh h qun tr c s d liu PostgreSQL/Postgis, mi trng lp trnh ngn
ng C# trong Visual studio.Xy dng chng trnh c ngha thit thc v h tr tt
cho cng tc qun l cy xanh th
Hn ch ca ti:
- Cc chc nng ca h thng vn cha hon thin (ch bao gm nhp mi, sa, xa,
xut bo co)
- Khng trc tip truy vn cc d liu v khng gian nh tm kim, zoom ti i
tng sau khi tm kim, khng th hin c cc thng tin khi click trc tip vo
i tng trn giao din bn m phi qua giao din khc xem thng tin.
- Lp thng tin trn bn cn t (ch bao gm ta cy, phng, ranh gii phng,
ng).
5.2. Kin ngh
- Tip tc nghin cu hon thin h thng qun l cy xanh, xy dng chc nng tm
kim v d liu khng gian, chc nng giao din bo dng cy xanh.
- Nghin cu cc d n c s dng phn mm GIS m ngun m ArcEngine hc
hi v pht trin cng ngh GIS vo nhng mc ch qun l c th khc.
- Xy dng thm cc d liu hin th mt cch chi tit trn bn nh d liu v
chiu di ca va h, nh ca, trng hc, khu vui chi,.

56
- D liu u vo cn khai thc thm chiu di va h, khu vc no cn trng cy cao
tn rng gip cho vic che ph v to bng mt (cng vin, trc ng chnh,
nhng con ng c va h rng, thong.), hoc cy thp tn nh cho nhng
khu vc ng hp, nh.
- m bo d liu c cung cp y , cp nht nhanh chng, thng xuyn v
chnh xc.

57
 TI LIU THAM KHO
[1]. Nguyn Kim Li, 2009. H thng thng tin a l nng cao. Nh xut bn Nng
nghip, Thnh ph H Ch Minh, trang 5 30.
[2]. Trn Trng c, 2011. GIS cn bn. Nh xut bn i hc Quc gia, Thnh ph
H Ch Minh, 220 trang.
[3]. Ch nh L, 2009. Xy dng h thng thng tin qun l cy xanh ng ph v
cng vin TP H Ch Minh. Bo co tng kt ti nghin cu khoa hc trng
im HQG HCM, 29/10/2009, Phng Hi tho Vin Mi trng v Ti nguyn,
TP.HCM.
[4]. Nguyn Khc H, 2013. Qun l h thng cy xanh ng ph Hi Phng bng
cng ngh GIS, Bn tin Hip hi cng vin cy xanh Vit Nam, S 13 thng 11/2013,
trang 18 25.
[5]. PostGIS Reference. Nhng cu truy vn thng dng cho d liu khng gian.
<http://postgis.refractions.net/docs/reference.html#Geometry_Constructors>.
[Truy cp ngy 01/06/2014].
[6]. U Ban Nhn Dn thnh ph H H Ch Minh, 2013. Quyt nh s 52/2013/Q-
UBND ngy 25 thng 11 nm 2013 V/v ban hnh danh mc cy cm trng trn a
bn thnh ph H Ch Minh.
<http://thuvienphapluat.vn/archive/Quyet-dinh-52-2013-QD-UBND-Danh-muc-cay-

cam-trong-tren-duong-Ho-Chi-Minh-vb214358.aspx>. [Truy cp ngy 29/03/2014].

58
 PH LC
Hng dn ci t chng trnh qun l. Ci theo th t sau:

1. Ci t h qun tr CSDL PostgreSQL (ti ti trang web:

http://www.enterprisedb.com/products-services-training/pgdownload#windows).
Chn h iu hnh tng thch cho chng trnh my tnh khi ci.
2. Ci phn m rng Postgis v ODBC ca PostgreSQL.
- Sau khi ci t t PostgreSQL thnh cng, chy file Application Stack Builder, tch
vo chn Postgis v ODBC ci t. Click Next cho n khi kt thc qu trnh ci
t.

Giao din Application Stack Builder

- Hon thnh qu trnh ci t Postgis v ODBC xong, chy ng dng PostgreSQL c
tn l pgAdminIII. Nhp chut phi, chn New Database khi to ni c s d
liu mi.
- t tn csdliu l QLCX (hoc tn ty thch), mc Owner chn mc nh l
Postgres, mc Template chn template_postgis, cc phn cn li mc nh. Nhn
OK to csdliu.
59
 Giao din to mi c s d liu
- Sau khi to c s d liu mi, nhn chut phi vo c s d liu mi, v chn
Restore. Chn file .backup c sn trong th mc ci t v nhn OK.
3. Ci t chng trnh qun l cy xanh th
Chy file QLCX.setup, chn ngn ng, click Next tip tc ci t.

Giao din ci t

60
Chn ng dn ti th mc lu file. Hoc mc nh l C:\Program
Files\QLCX. Chn Next cho ti khi qu trnh ci t kt thc.

Giao din ci t
Kt qu sau khi ci t, s xut hin chng trnh qun l cy xanh vi tn vit tt l
QLCX. Click chy chng trnh s xut hin khung ng nhp.

Giao din khi ng ca chng trnh

61