Novelties inCOMSOLfor Modeling

OpticalNanostructures
SvenFriedel
COMSOLMultiphysicsGmbH,Zrich

COPYRIGHT2013,COMSOL,Inc,Keynoteat9thWorkshoponNumericalMethodsforOpticalNanoStructures,ETHZurich,Jul1,2013

COMSOL anintegratedsimulationenvironment

Mechanics FluidDynamics

Electrodynamics HeatTransfer

Multiphysics
ChemicalReactions Acoustics

UserDefinedPDE
OpticalNanostructures MultiphysicsSystems?

OptoMechanics OptoFluidics

Electrodynamics PhotoThermal

Biochemistry PhotonPhonon

Nonlocal,QMeffects

COMSOLApplicationsofNanoOpticalSystems
OpticalPropertiesofIndividualGoldNanorods
OptimalDesignoftheSurfacePlasmonGratings
Plasmonic opticalnanoantennas and lenses,
Plasmonic FabryPerotNanolasers
Plasmonic Fano ResonancesinSingleLayerGoldConicalNanoshells
Broadbandplasmonic organicsolarcells,Nanocavities
Optimizationofplasmonic cavityresonantmultijunction cells
Optomechanical Cavitiesand WaveguideswithPhononicPhotonicCrystalSlabs
PhotoMechanicalResponseofLiquidCrystalElastomers(LCEs)
Kineticsofcolloidalnanoparticlesin,nanofluidic integratedplasmonic sensing
Etc.Googlescholar:comsol plasmonic
ParticularStrengthsofCOMSOLMultiphysics

UnifiedApproach
Easytolearn,reuseknowledge

MultiphysicsFlexibility
Unlimitedcoupling

Transparency
Noblackbox,accesstoequations

ConnectivitybyLiveLinks
InterfacestoCAD,Matlab,Excel,CloudComputing

ASimpleMultiphysicsExample

Waveguide(Microwaves)
ASimpleMultiphysicsExample(Microwaves)

Microwaveguide
CucoatedAl
TE10,100W

Loads:
Electromagnetic
Thermal
Mechanical
Fluid

ASimpleMultiphysicsExample

Electromagnetics ElectricField
 ASimpleMultiphysicsExample

Electromagnetics Temperature

Q (j) (T )

HeatTransfer

ASimpleMultiphysicsExample

Electromagnetics Deformation

Q (j) (T )

HeatTransfer

th (T )

ThermalStress
 ASimpleMultiphysicsExample

Electromagnetics Velocityand
Temperature
Q (j) (T )

HeatTransfer

th (T )

ThermalStress

(T ) C p v T
FluidFlow

Parametrize AnythingtoStudyModifications

Parameterize:

Geometry
Materials
Loads
Meshes
SolverParameters
Etc.

Variability
Sensitivity
Reliability
BuiltinOptimization
SearchdesignheightHforwhich
averagesampletemperatureis315K.

MinimizeObjectivePenalty:

1
315

Gradientfreealgorithms:
Nelder Mead
CoordinateSearch
MonteCarlo
Gradientbasedalgorithms(sensitivity)
LevenbergMarquardt

FullTransparency fromequationstosolvers
 SolidWorks,SolidEdge,
BidirectionalCADLiveLinks ProEngineer,Inventor
SpaceClaim,Creo,AutoCAD

Exchange
Variables

TM
LiveLink forExcel

RunCOMSOLsimulationsfrom
anExcel2013spreadsheet
COMSOLtabtotheExcelribbon
Displayandeditparameters
SynchronizeorImport/Export
variables
VisualizeCOMSOLresultsin
Excel
Interactive3Dvisualizationsina
separatededicatedcanvas
 TM
LiveLink forMATLAB andJavaAPI

Runanysimulation
fromamscript

CompileJava

DesignyourownGUI

Designyourown
physicsinterfaces

CloudComputing(e.g.AmazonEC2)
SimulateontheAmazonElasticComputeCloud
Accesshighendhardwareonapayperusebasis.

OneFloatingNetworkLicenseserversunlimitednumberofnodes!
Amazon EC2 and Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud are trademarks of Amazon Web Services, LLC or its affiliates.
 TheNewOpticalWavesModule

WaveOpticsModule
ExtensionofCOMSOLforEMproblemsatopticalwavelengths(nmm)
Opticalfibers,Photonicwaveguides,Photoniccrystals,Nonlinearoptics
Laserresonatordesign,Activedevicesinphotonics

Includessimulationsofdomainsthataremuchlargerthanthewavelength
(unlikeRFModule)byBeamEnvelopeMethod
Directionalcouplers,
fiberBragggratings,
secondharmonicgeneration,
selfphasemodulationetc.
WaveOptics PhysicsInterfaces

New

New

Vectorsolver2D,3D,axialsymmetricfields
FullandScatteredFieldFormulation(specifybackgroundfield,solve
forscatteredfieldonly)
Farfieldcalculation

WaveOptics Materialrelations

Linear,nonlineardefinedbypermittivity,orrefractiveindex

Anisotropic

Lossy orwithgain

Dispersive
DrudeLorentz
Debeye
Sellmeier
, , ,

DependentontimeorcoupledfieldsnonlocalbyPDE ,
BeamEnvelopeMethod
Motivation:
Example: Semiconductor Laser
Volumeis5x5x500=12500m3.
Materialwavelengthis1.55/3.5=0.44m
100wavelengthsneedtoberesolved
Conventional:Meshsize=73nm,31Mioelements

ElectricfieldEnvelope

BeamEnvelopeMethod
Insert
exp

inHelmholtzequation

andsolvefor only:

Note:
Eq.(2)isNOTanapproximationofEq.(1)unlikeBeamPropagationMethod(BPM)
whichusestheSlowlyVaryingEnvelopeApproximation(SVEA)andremovesthe
secondderivativesinthepropagationdirection.
Onlylimitation:needtoknow goodforwaveguidesbutnotforscattering
BeamEnvelopeMethod PropagationSettings
Unidirectional
exp
Onemainpropagationdirection
InModelLibrary
Directionalcoupler
Selffocusing

Bidirectional(defaultsettings)
exp exp
Useformodelswithreflectivesurfaces
FabryPerotcavities
Beamsplitter

SelfFocusingGaussianBeam(NonlinearOptics)
GaussianBeaminjectedinnonlinear
opticalglassBK7
Nonlinearitycounteractsbeam
wideningbydiffraction
Featuresused:
Realisticaspectratio
Nonlinearrefractionindexn(E)
(highestatcenteroffibre)
Beamenvelopemethod(many
wavelengths!)
Bottompicture:acompressedview
ofthepropagatingwavetogether
withthevaryingrefractiveindex
isosurface.
CompressedView
TimeExplicitSolver(DiscontinuousGalerkin)
UnliketheTimedependent(andtimeharmonic)interfacesthatsolveasecondorder
PDEfortheelectricfield,thetimeexplicitsolverusestwofirstorderPDEsforthe
electricandthemagneticfieds:

AmperesLaw

FaradaysLaw

Sourcescanbeintheformofvolumetricelectricormagneticcurrentsorelectric
surfacecurrentsorfieldsonboundaries.
UsedprimarilyforEMtransientwavepropagationofpulses inlinearmedia.

SelectedApplications
ScatteringataGoldNanosphere
Featuresused:
Materiallibrarytableofpermittivity
(negativecomplexvalued)
Backgroundfieldexcitation
(scatteredfieldformulation)
LossesinSpherearecalculated
Perfectlymatchedlayers
Farfieldcomputation

ScatteringataGoldNanoparticleonSubstrate
Featuresused:
Backgroundfieldexcitation
(scatteredfieldformulation)using
AirSubstratesolution
Perfectlymatchedlayers
Farfieldcomputation
Plasmonic WireGrating
Featuresused:
Scatteredfieldformulation
Floquet boundaryconditions
EasyExtrusioninto3D

BeamSplitter
Beamhitsathin(13nm)layerofAu
Featuresused:
TransitionBoundarycondition(thin
layerisnotmeshedbutrepresented
byaboundary).
SecondHarmonicGeneration(NonlinearOptics)
GaussianBeaminjectedinnonlinear
mediumwith
Featuresused:
Nonlinear DErelation
Transientsolver
BuiltinFFTforvisualizingthe
secondharmonicgeneration

AdditionalFeatures
(slidesaddedafterworkshop)
Importofroughsurfacestructures

Conventionalrepresentationof
agoldnanoantenna

+ =
COMSOLoption:
Useimportedimagesordefine
randomexpressionstocreate
roughsurfacestructures.

CouplingofEMWaves,EStaticsandParticles
Movie(120fs)oflaserpulse Electrostaticfield,1kVelectrodevoltage

m m
Movie(1200fs)ofelectrontrajectories
Usedinterfaces:
Electromagneticwavestransient
Electrostatics
ParticleTracinginEMfields

Allinterfacescanbecoupled,i.e.the
electroncanfeelthestaticandthelaser
fieldandotherelectrons.
Laserinducede emissionwithparticletracing

Remark:

Notethatasymmetric
electricfieldwould
probablynotbesufficient
tofocustheelectronsback
toacommontarget,as
theyspendmuchlesstime
inthefocusingfieldthanin
thediverging(depending
oninitialspeed,ofcourse).

Instead,apropermagnetic Magneticlensmodeled
lense shouldbemodeled, withCOMSOL
forthefocusingeffect.

FasterSParametercalculationswithAWEsolver
UseCOMSOLsAWEsolvertogetfastcalculationsofSParameters(andother
quantities)infrequencysweeps,defineaccuracybycontrolvariables
Example:hbendwaveguide:Speedgainfactor23dependingonmeshsize

Time(s) Time(s)
DOF Normal AWE
646 4 2
5120 8 4 ObservedquantityS21dB
Tolerances:relative0.1,absolute0.1
2068 31 10
Togetbetteragreementbutslowercomputation
Makethosetolerancesmoretight.
SelectedNewUserApplications

AddingyourownPDEs:exampleNonlocality
BulkDrude responsefunctionwillbreakdownat
verysmalllengthscalesandnewphysicsemerges
Modificationofpermittivity

Hydrodynamical Drudemodel added inPDE

mode

=nonlocal phasor polarization current

G.Toscano etal.(2012)Opt.Express 20, 4176 (2012) www.nanopl.org

Nanooptomechanical Actuator
Freestanding arc inringresonator

Sensoric effect:resonance shift by

deformation

Actoric effect:Opticalpressure
deforms the ring
Deflectionismonitoredby
measuringthetransmission
spectrumofabroadbandprobe
light
Deflection43nmwith0.28nm
resolution

Renetal.(2013)ACSNano,2013,7(2),pp16761681DOI:10.1021/nn3056687

Brillouin cavityoptomechanics inMicrofluidics

FOMResonator=
Microfluidic
optomechanical device
Allowsoptomechanical
investigationofliquids
Couplingofphonon and
photonmodes
Opticalpressure
generatesacoustic
whisperinggallerymodes
WGMat211MHz

Bahletal.NatureCommunications4,Articlenumber:1994,June 2013
Summary
COMSOLisahighlyintegratedsimulationtoolformodelingOpticalWaves
ThenewWaveOpticsModuleaddsnewflexibilityinmodeling
largersystems,
dispersiveandnonlinermedia
timedependentprocesses
AsaspecificstrengthCOMSOLaddsflexibilityby
Adduserdefinedequations
Couplingtoanyrelatedphysicalfieldsuchasmechanics,fluidics,
chemistrylinearitycounteractsbeamwideningbydiffraction

ByincreasingintegrationPhotonicsgoesMultiphysics!

UpcomingworkshopSep12,2013,ETH
withlivedemoandhandsonsession:
Sep12,2013 ETHZurich,Gloriastrasse 35
09:0012:30 COMSOL RFandMicrowaveapplications
http://ch.comsol.com/c/rz3
13:3017:00 COMSOL WaveOptics
http://ch.comsol.com/c/rz5

COMSOLMultiphysicsGmbH
Technoparkstrasse1
8005Zrich
0445157800
info@ch.comsol.com