22 MIMO Antenna Example

MIMO Antenna Design
Part-II
Research on Multi-band Multiple Input Multiple
Output (MIMO) Antennas
1. Four-element quad-band MIMO antenna employing CPW-fed
monopoles loaded with split-ring resonator (SRR) and inter-digital
capacitor (IDC).
2. Dual-band Four-element MIMO configuration of CSRR-loaded

Inverted L-monopoles on a common ground plane
3. Dual band CSRR-loaded printed dipole antenna arrays for pattern

diversity MIMO applications
4. Quad-Band Annular slot and SRR based MIMO Antenna System.
5. Two-element and Three-element Pattern and Polarization Diversity

arrays for MIMO applications in upper WLAN (5.5 GHz) frequency
band
4/20/2017 Dr Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava 2
Proposed quad-band antenna element: a CPW-fed
monopole loaded with an IDC and a SRR
LS = 50 mm, WS = 50 mm, LM = 19 mm, LG = 25 mm, WM = 2.1 mm and WF = 3 mm, Lidc =

17.5 mm and g1 = g2 = g3 = 0.3 mm, a = 9 mm, b = 10 mm, c = 0.7 mm, d = 0.3 mm and g =
0.5 mm
Design Evolution for the quad-band antenna

Two-port unit-cell analysis showing resonances due
to SRR and IDC

Surface Current Distribution

Parametric Studies

Parametric Studies

Parametric Studies

Parametric Studies

Proposed four-element quad-band MIMO antenna
La = 110 mm
IET Microwave, Antenna and Propagation, vol. 9, no. 13, pp. 1453-1460, 2015
Fabricated antenna prototype and measured S-parameter

Simulated and Measured radiation patterns of the
proposed MIMO configuration
H-plane at f1 H-plane at f2
f1,sim = 1.9 GHz, f2,sim = 2.35 GHz, f1,meas = 1.93 GHz, f2,meas = 2.39 GHz

H-plane at f3 H-plane at f4
f3,sim = 2.78 GHz , f4,sim = 3.27 GHz, f3,meas = 2.64 GHz and f4,meas = 3.27 GHz
E-plane at f1 E-plane at f2
f1,sim = 1.9 GHz, f2,sim = 2.35 GHz, f1,meas = 1.93 GHz, f2,meas = 2.39 GHz
E-plane at f3 E-plane at f4
f3,sim = 2.78 GHz , f4,sim = 3.27 GHz, f3,meas = 2.64 GHz and f4,meas = 3.27 GHz

Simulated and Measured ECC variation with frequency
Drawback:
The electrical size of the system is very large (0.4852), where is the wavelength
corresponding to 1.9 GHz (lowest operating frequency)
There is no common ground plane for this system, which minimizes the surface-current
coupling between individual elements. However, practical MIMO antenna should have a
common ground-plane

capacitor (IDC).



band
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, INDIA
Dual-Band CSRR-loaded Monopole

Dr. Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava
Zoomed View of CSRR
Schematic diagram of single antenna: (a) Top-

view and (b) Bottom view.
Dimensions (mm): LS = WS = 40, WM = WF = 3, LG = 15, LM1 = 13,
LM2 = 18, a = b = 9, c = 0.7, g = d = 0.3, gS = 0.5
Designed on 1.6 mm thick FR4-epoxy substrate: r = 4.4, tan =

0.02; copper-trace thickness =17 m.
Proceedings of the 46th European Microwave

Conference (EuMC 2016), pp. 1315-1318,
Excel London, 3-7 October, 2016.
Four Element Dual Band MIMO Antenna

Simulated S-parameters
Total footprint is
0.262 where, is
the wavelength for
the lowest operating
frequency
Measured S-parameters
Top-View Bottom View

3D Radiation Patterns and Diversity
Excited Ports:
(a) Port-1
1.91 GHz 2.49 GHz (b) Port-2
(c) Port-3
(d) Port-4
Freq (GHz) e,12 e,13 MEG1/MEG2 MEG1/MEG3

1.91 0.0005 0.0023 0.9771 0.9932
2.49 0.0012 0.0014 0.9773 0.9975
ECC is computed from radiation pattern as discussed before

2D Radiation Patterns, TARC and CCL

TARC from
S-parameters
For 2D patterns, excitation is at port-1, rest terminated by

matched load. (a) xy-plane at f1. (b) xy-plane at f2, (c) yz-plane
CCL from S-
at f1 and (d) yz-plane at f2. Here f1,sim = 1.91 GHz, f1,meas = 1.90
parameters
GHz, f2,sim = 2.49 GHz and f2,meas = 2.50 GHz.
Summary of the Dual-band MIMO antenna

Physical area of four-element MIMO system
= 0.262 where = wavelength for the lowest
operating frequency
Inter-element isolation > 15 dB in both bands
Pattern diversity with directional gain (> 3

dBi)
Satisfactory diversity performance: ECC <

0.5, mean effective gain (MEG) ratio
(MEGi/MEGj) 1, TARC < 10 dB and
average CCL < 0.5 bits/s/Hz are obtained in
both the working bands.
Common ground plane is used

capacitor (IDC).



band
Radiation Mechanism using Two-dipole

Array with Different Feed-phase
Printed dipole array with PEC patch;

Ldip1 = 46 mm, L1 = 80 mm, W1 = 35 mm It can be observed that the active S11 is
and dX = 22 mm independent of the relative phase
difference d between the two dipoles
Combined Radiation Pattern for the Two-

Dipole system for Different d
d = 0o d = 36o d = 72o
d = 108o d = 144o d = 180o

Reference Dual-band Antenna Element

LS = 70, WS = 80, LG = 35, WF = Wdip = 1.6, LF =

22, Ldip = 46, a = b = 10, c = 0.7 and g = d = 0.3
(All units in mm). FR-4 epoxy substrate of
thickness 0.8 mm is used here.
Simulated 3D Patterns
1.75 GHz
2.45 GHz
Design of Power Dividers for Providing

Different values of relative phase
Port-2 Port-2
Port-1 Port-2
Port-3 Port-3
Power-divider 1 Power-divider 2
S-parameter magnitude S-parameter magnitude Phase difference

for power-divider 1 for power-divider 2 between S21 and S31
Proposed Two-port MIMO configuration

based on Arrays of CSRR loaded Dipoles
For the antenna array A1 excited at port-1, the printed dipole elements are excited at equal
amplitude and phase.
On the other hand, use of the modified power-divider with phase-delay line ensures that for
the antenna array A2 excited at port-2, the printed dipoles are excited at equal amplitude
levels but with different input-phase values.
IET Microwave, Antenna and Propagation, Vol. 10, No. 10, pp. 1113-1123.
Simulated 3D Radiation patterns for the

1.75 GHz
(Port-1)
1.77 GHz
Since the phase-difference of 180o is not (Port-2)
obtained for the CSRR-loaded dipoles when
port-2 is excited at this lower frequency, the
pattern as predicted for the case d = 180o as
before, is not observed.
Also the gain is much low at this lower-band.

Simulated 3D Radiation patterns for the

2.40 GHz
(Port-1)
Here the phase-difference of 180o is 2.36 GHz

obtained for the two dipoles when port-2 is (Port-2)
excited thus the pattern as predicted for
the case d = 180o as before is observed.
The gain is sufficiently high at this

frequency.
Proposed MIMO configuration:

Performance Summary
Here f0 is the centre frequency,

IBW is the impedance
bandwidth, Gp is the peak
realised gain (simulated) and
rad is the radiation efficiency

Fabricated Prototype
Top-view
Bottom-view
Simulated and Measured 2D patterns

Simulated and measured radiation

patterns of A1 with port-2 terminated by
matched load
(a) xz-Plane at f1, (b) xz-Plane at f2,
(c) yz-Plane at f1, (d) yz-Plane at f2,
(e) xy-Plane at f1, (f) xy-Plane at f2.
Here, f1,sim = 1.75 GHz, f1,meas = 1.77
GHz, f2,sim = 2.40 GHz and f2,meas =
2.45 GHz
Simulated and Measured 2D patterns

Simulated and measured radiation patterns

of A2 with port-2 terminated by matched
load:
(a) xz-Plane at f1, (b) xz-Plane at f2,
(c) yz-Plane at f1, (d) yz-Plane at f2,
(e) xy-Plane at f1, (f) xy-Plane at f2.
Here, f1,sim = 1.77 GHz, f1,meas = 1.78

GHz, f2,sim = 2.36 GHz and f2,meas =
2.40 GHz
MIMO Performance Metrics: ECC, CCL and TARC

capacitor (IDC).



band
Quad Band Annular slot and SRR based MIMO
Antenna System
(a)Front Side (b)Back Side
Fabricated structure
IEEE Applied Electromagnetics Conference 2015 (IEEE AEMC 2015) at IIT Guwahati,
India, 18-21 December 2015

Design Parameters for Single Antenna Element
Design parameters for individual

Enlarged view and design
antenna element:
parameters of SRR:
L= W = 35 mm
Lo = Wo= 5 mm
r1 = 12.5 mm r2 = 9 mm
Li = Wi = 3mm
w1 = 0.4 mm w2=0.8 mm
Gi = Go = 0.7 mm
lf = 11.5 mm wf = 1.5 mm
S = 0.5 mm
d=13.6 mm = 36o
To = Ti = 0.5 mm.
r = 4.4 tan = 0.02
Substrate Thickness=0.8 mm
Dr Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava 40

4/20/2017
Single Antenna Element with only outer Ring
0
-10
-20
S 11 (Sim.)
S(dB)
-30
-40
y x
z
-50
1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (GHz)
2.48GHz

4/20/2017
Single Antenna Element With Both Annular Rings
-5
-10
-15
S(dB)
-20
S 11 (Sim.)
-25
-30
y x -35
z -40
1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (GHz)
2.49GHz 3.87GHz 5.01GHz

4/20/2017
Current Distribution of Single Antenna Element With
Both Annular Rings
2.49GHz 3.87GHz 5.01GHz

Single Antenna Element with both Annular Slots with SRR
-10
-20
-30
y
z x -40 S 11 (Sim.)
-50
1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (GHz)
2.46GHz,3.88GHz,4.63GHz,5.18GHz

3-D Radiation Pattern of Single Antenna Element
2.46 GHz 3.88 GHz
Dr Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava

4/20/2017 4.63GHz 5.18 GHz 45
Current Distribution of Single Antenna Element
2.46 GHz 3.88 GHz
Dr Kumar Vaibhav Srivastava

4/20/2017 4.63GHz 5.18 GHz 46
Simulated Results of Quad Band Annular slot and SRR
based MIMO Antenna System
-10
-20
S-parameters(in dB)
-30
-40
-50 S11 (sim.)

-60 S21 (sim.)
S31 (sim.)
-70
S41 (sim.)
-80
1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (GHz)

3-D Radiation Pattern of proposed MIMO Antenna System
2.46 GHz 3.86 GHz
4.64 GHz 5.18 GHz

Measured Results of Quad Band Annular slot and SRR
based MIMO Antenna System
0
-10
S-parameters(in dB)
-20
3 4
-30
-40
S11 (sim.)
2 1 S11 (mes.)
-50
S21 (mes.)
-60 S31 (mes.)
S41 (mes.)
-70
1 2 3 4 5 6
Frequency (GHz)

MIMO Performance Metrics: ECC, CCL and TARC
0.05 0.5

12
(Sim.)
Channel Capacity Loss(bits/s/Hz)

Envelope Correlation Coefficient
13
(Sim.) 0.4
0.04
(Mes.)
12

13
(Mes.) 0.3
0.03
0.2
0.02
0.1
0.01 CCL(sim.)
CCL (mes.)
0
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
0 Frequency (GHz)
2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6
Frequency (GHz)

4/20/2017
capacitor (IDC).



band
Two Element Pattern and Polarization

Diversity Antenna for WLAN
Top metallization
Bottom metallization
Top
view
Element-1: Top view Element-2:
Bottom view
CP Patch LP Dipole
Design Parameters (in mm): SW = 34, SL = 29, PW = PL = 12.5, FS = 1.5,
DR = 4.5, DL = 7.5, W1 = 2.8, W2 = 0.5, W3 = 1.5, W4 = 2, W5 = 1.5, L1 =
8.35, L2 = 7.4, L3 = 13.5, L4 = 10, L5 = 10, L6 = 8, L7 = 5.25, A1 = 15.25, A2
= 6.85, A3 = 7.6, D1 = 24, D2 = 10, B1 = B2 = 13.5, V1 = 2.2, V2 = 2.
Presented in 3rd IEEE Uttar Pradesh Section Bottom

International Conference on Electrical, Computer and view
Electronics (IEEE UPCON 2016) at IIT BHU, 9-11
December, 2016.
S-parameters and 3D Radiation Pattern

At 5.6 GHz (Port-1 RHCP)
At 5.6 GHz (Port-2 LP)

2D Radiation Pattern and Size Comparison

Work Ael I (dB) Complexity

[R5] 0.14 13 More
Prop. 0.17 21 Less
I (dB) Worst Case Isolation

Ael Area per element in 2
[R5] J. Malik, A. Patnaik, M. V. Kartikeyan, "Novel

Printed MIMO Antenna with Pattern and Polarization
2-D radiation pattern plots: (a) in xz plane and (b) in yz plane Diversity," IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation
when port-1 is excited; (c) in yz plane and (d) in xy plane Letters, Vol. 14, pp. 739-742, 2015.
when port-2 is excited.
MIMO Performance Metrics

N
bi
2
TARC < -10 dB
at = i =1
N
ai
2
i =1
N Number of antenna elements

ECC < 0.01
bi reflected signal, ai incident signal; b = [S]a.
Total Active Reflection Coefficient (ECC)
CCL < 0.5 bits/s/Hz Closs = log 2 R

12
R = 11 ;
21 22
2
S ii* S ij + S *ji S jj 2
ii = 1 S ii S ij
e ,ij =
(1 S ii
2
S ji
2
)(1 S jj
2
S ij
2
) ij = S ii* S ij + S *ji S jj
Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC)
Channel Capacity Loss (CCL)
Three Element Pattern and Polarization

Diversity Antenna for WLAN
Schematic diagram of the proposed three-element MIMO antenna system: (a) Top View, (b) Bottom View. The design
parameters (in mm): W = 48, L = 29, S = 12.5, L1 = 8.35, L2 = 7.4, L3 = 13.5, L4 = 11.5, L5 = 8, W1 = 2.8, W2 = 0.5,
W3 = 1.5, W4 = 2, W5 = 1.5, A1 = 8.35, A2 = 7.35, A3 = 13.25, A4 = 13.25, A5 = 7.25, C1 = 1.8, C2 = 2, GD = 8.5,
GL = 31, PL = 7.8, PR = 4.2
[R3] Y. Sharma, D. Sarkar, K. Saurav and K. V.

Srivastava, "Three Element MIMO Antenna System
with Pattern and Polarization Diversity for WLAN
Applications," IEEE Antennas and Wireless
Propagation Letters, 2017. (Early Access)
Top View Bottom View

Photograph of the fabricated antenna
S-Parameters for the Three Element

MIMO System
Radiation Patterns for the Three Element

MIMO System at 5.6 GHz
Port-1 YZ-plane XY-plane

Port-3
YZ-plane XZ-plane
Port-2
Axial Ratio, Gain and Efficiency Analysis
Port-2
Excited
MIMO Performance Metrics

Freq. (GHz) 21 31 23
5.57 9.5 10-5 9.32 10-5 8.61 10-3
5.75 8.01 10-3 1.01 10-5 4.30 10-6
5.81 8.90 10-3 3.95 10-5 3.72 10-3
ECC From Radiation Pattern
CCL and TARC from

S-parameters
Comparison with State-of-the-art Designs
I (dB) Worst Case Isolation

Nel Number of Elements
Ael Area per element in 2
Work Nel Diversity Type Ael I (dB)

Prop. (2 Element) 2 Pattern and Polarization (LP/CP) 0.17 21
[R5] 2 Pattern and Polarization (LP/CP) 0.14 13
[R6] 4 Only Pattern 0.15 17
[R7] 3 Only Pattern 0.09 8.6
Prop. (3 Element) 3 Pattern and Polarization (LP/CP) 0.15 18
References Used for Comparison

[R5] J. Malik, A. Patnaik, M. V. Kartikeyan, Novel Printed MIMO Antenna With Pattern and Polarization
Diversity, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 14, 2015.
[R6] Y. Luo, Q. Chu, J. Li, and Y. Wu, A planar H-shaped directive antenna and its application in compact
MIMO antenna, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 9, pp. 4810-4814, Sep. 2013.
[R7] M. Lin and S. Chung, A compact MIMO antenna system with three closely spaced multi-band antennas
for WLAN application, Proc. Asia-Pacific Microw. Conf., Dec. 2007, pp. 14.
[R8] I. Ahmed, I. Shoaib, S. Shoaib, N. Shoaib, A Switched-Beam Three-Element Printed Loop Antenna
Array for MIMO Systems, Proceedings of European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP),
Gothenburg, Sweden, pp. 2599-2601, Apr 2013.
[R9] H. Wang, L. Liu, Z. Zhang, Y. Li and Z. Feng, Ultra-Compact Three-Port MIMO Antenna With High
Isolation and Directional Radiation Patterns, IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 13, pp.
1545-1548, 2014.
[R10] S. Soltani and R. D. Murch, A Compact Planar Printed MIMO Antenna Design, IEEE Transactions
on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. 63, No. 3, pp. 1140-1149, 2015.
Acknowledgement
Debdeep Sarkar Kushmanda Saurav

Ph. D. Student Ph. D. Student
Yashica Sharma
M.Tech. Student

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MIMO Antenna Design

2. Dual-band Four-element MIMO configuration of CSRR-loaded

3. Dual band CSRR-loaded printed dipole antenna arrays for pattern

4. Quad-Band Annular slot and SRR based MIMO Antenna System.

5. Two-element and Three-element Pattern and Polarization Diversity

LS = 50 mm, WS = 50 mm, LM = 19 mm, LG = 25 mm, WM = 2.1 mm and WF = 3 mm, Lidc =

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2. Dual-band Four-element MIMO configuration of CSRR-loaded

3. Dual band CSRR-loaded printed dipole antenna arrays for pattern

4. Quad-Band Annular slot and SRR based MIMO Antenna System.

5. Two-element and Three-element Pattern and Polarization Diversity

Dual-Band CSRR-loaded Monopole

Zoomed View of CSRR

Schematic diagram of single antenna: (a) Top-

Designed on 1.6 mm thick FR4-epoxy substrate: r = 4.4, tan =

Proceedings of the 46th European Microwave

Four Element Dual Band MIMO Antenna

Top-View Bottom View

3D Radiation Patterns and Diversity

Freq (GHz) e,12 e,13 MEG1/MEG2 MEG1/MEG3

ECC is computed from radiation pattern as discussed before

2D Radiation Patterns, TARC and CCL

For 2D patterns, excitation is at port-1, rest terminated by

Summary of the Dual-band MIMO antenna

Inter-element isolation > 15 dB in both bands

Pattern diversity with directional gain (> 3

Satisfactory diversity performance: ECC <

Common ground plane is used

2. Dual-band Four-element MIMO configuration of CSRR-loaded

3. Dual band CSRR-loaded printed dipole antenna arrays for pattern

4. Quad-Band Annular slot and SRR based MIMO Antenna System.

5. Two-element and Three-element Pattern and Polarization Diversity

Radiation Mechanism using Two-dipole

Printed dipole array with PEC patch;

Combined Radiation Pattern for the Two-

d = 108o d = 144o d = 180o

Reference Dual-band Antenna Element

LS = 70, WS = 80, LG = 35, WF = Wdip = 1.6, LF =

Design of Power Dividers for Providing

S-parameter magnitude S-parameter magnitude Phase difference

Proposed Two-port MIMO configuration

Simulated 3D Radiation patterns for the

Also the gain is much low at this lower-band.

Simulated 3D Radiation patterns for the

Here the phase-difference of 180o is 2.36 GHz

The gain is sufficiently high at this

Proposed MIMO configuration:

Here f0 is the centre frequency,

rad is the radiation efficiency

Simulated and Measured 2D patterns

Simulated and measured radiation

Simulated and Measured 2D patterns

Simulated and measured radiation patterns

Here, f1,sim = 1.77 GHz, f1,meas = 1.78