Page 1 of 3

WELDING AND CASTING LAB HOMEWORK No.3

(19 questions, 5 points each)

Name: Yuanjing Xu
Class day & time: Friday 1:00pm

Chapter 9

1. What are the functions of the heavy coating on shielded electrodes?

a. Act as a cleaning and deoxidizing agent to remove impurities and oxygen
from the molten weld pool.
b. Producing shielding gas to prevent the molten weld pool from reacting
with oxygen and nitrogen in the atmosphere that could cause porosity and
other problems.
c. Form a slag coating over the weld bead to protect it from oxygen and
nitrogen in the atmosphere as it cools, as well as to produce a more ductile
weld by slowing the cooling rate.
d. Provide easier arc starting, stabilize the arc, and reduce spatter.
e. Permit better penetration and help meet weld quality requirement.

2. What has been done to insure uniformity of electrode specifications?

Electrodes are referred to by manufacturer trade name and by
American Welding Society(AWS) electrode classification. These
classifications were established by AWS to provide formulation standards for
electrode and to ensure uniformity among manufacturer.

3. Explain the identifying symbols of the electrode classification E-6010.

a. The first prefix E stands for electrode.
b. The first two digits specify the minimum tensile strength of the deposited
weld metal in thousand pounds per square inch(ksi). The number 60
indicates the minimum tensile strength of 60000 psi (60 ksi).
c. The number 1 in the second to last position indicates that the electrode
can be used in all positions.
d. The last digit in the classification specifies the type of coating welding
current, and operating characteristics of the electrode.

4. What factors should be taken into consideration when selecting an electrode?

a. Base metal properties.
b. Electrode diameter.
c. Joint design and fit-up.
d. Welding position.
e. Welding current and polarity.
d. Production efficiency.
e. Service condition.

5. Why are smaller diameter electrodes used for overhead welding?

Larger electrodes make it too difficult to control the deposited metal.

JoinHw3bb May 21, 2013

 Page 2 of 3
WELDING AND CASTING LAB HOMEWORK No.3
(19 questions, 5 points each)

6. What is gained by selecting electrodes with coatings containing powered iron?

Iron powder electrodes produce shallow to medium penetration, low spatter,
and a slag coating that is easy to remove.

7. Why are low-hydrogen electrodes used?

Low-hydrogen electrodes were developed to prevent the introduction of hydrogen
into the weld and heat affected zone adjacent to the weld.

8. What are some of the specific characteristics of fast-freeze electrodes ?

a. Consists of deep penetrating electrodes.
b. An electrode that produce a crisp, deep-penetrating arc and a fast-
freezing weld bead.
c. Produce a thin, tough slag and a flat to slightly concave weld bead.
d. They are preferred for vertical and overhead position.
9. Some electrodes are classified as fill-freeze. What does this mean?
a. They consists of shallow to medium penetrating electrodes.
b. It has moderately forceful arc and a medium deposition rate.
c. They produce easy to remove slag and a weld bead with distinct, even
ripples.
d. They are generally used in production shops and are particularly useful for
sheet metal, repair works, and joints with poor fit-up. And they can be used
in all position but are best suited for flat and horizontal welding.

10. Fast-fill electrodes are intended for what types of welding?

It is generally used for production welding where all work can be performed in
flat position.

Chapter 12

11. What is the purpose of a root pass?

The root pass is the initial weld pass that provides complete penetration through
the thickness of the joint member.

12. What is a cover pass and why is it used?

The cover pass is the final weld pass deposited. The cover pass provides
additional reinforcement to a multiple-pass weld and provides a good
appearance.

13. When making a lap weld, what determines the proper joint overlap?

JoinHw3bb May 21, 2013

 Page 3 of 3
WELDING AND CASTING LAB HOMEWORK No.3
(19 questions, 5 points each)

The lap joint is one of the most frequently used joints in flat position welding. It is
a relatively simple joint, since no beveling or machining is necessary. Surfaces to be
welded must be clean and evenly aligned.

14. When should a multiple pass be used on a lap joint?

When an exceptionally strong lap joint is required, especially on members 3/8 thick or
more.

15. When should a double fillet weld be used on a T-joint?

A T-joint should not be used on structures subjected to heavy stresses from the opposite
side of the welded joint.

16. When is a butt joint used in welding?

A closed butt joint is suitable for welding steel that generally does not exceed 3/16 thick.
17. What is the difference between an open and a closed butt joint?
An open butt joint has .the edges of the two workpieces are in direct
contact with each other.
A closed butt joint has .The edges are spaced slightly apart, usually 3/32
to 1/8, to allow for penetration of the filler metal and expansion of the base
metal.

18. When should the edges of butt joints be beveled?

When the thickness of the metal is 3/16 or greater.

19. When is a weaving motion used?

Weaving is a welding technique in which the electrode is moved transversely as it
progresses along the surface. Weaving is also used to provide a smooth
weld finish on multiple -pass welds.

JoinHw3bb May 21, 2013