2015 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE)
Comparative Analysis of Sinogram Interpolation
Methods for Computer Tomographic Images
Eun-Ju Lee
Manufacturing System R&BD Group
KITECH
Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
ejlee@kitech.re.kr
Abstract In this paper, we propose a limited-view computer
tomography(CT) image reconstruction method that reduces the scan
times and X-ray dosages in the semiconductor industry. To reduce
streak artifacts, which are caused by an insufficient number of views,
we study the sinogram interpolation method based on the average
pixel value. The change patterns are tracked by iteratively averaging
the values. We use a shepp-logan phantom to evaluate the
effectiveness of the comparative interpolation method. The results
showed that the streak artifacts were reduced in the proposed
interpolation method. In addition, we compared our method with
another interpolation method using the peak-signal-to-noise
ratio(PSNR) and performance time.
Keywordssinogram interpolation, radon transform.
I. INTRODUCTION
The non-destructive inspection method called irradiation
computed tomography(CT) imaging is used in industry to
reduce scan times and X-ray dosages. The widely used CT
imaging uses an extensive set of projections that are acquired
from different industries. However the weakness of this
method is the presence of artifact defects in the image
reconstruction results. In such applications, the insufficient
view for reconstruction distorts the streak artifacts [1].
To remove the streak artifacts, we obtained a suitable and
sufficient view for interpolation. A simple method that can be
used for this purpose is linear interpolation. However, the
linear interpolation technique has some weaknesses such as the
average effect and due blurring. An image reconstructed by the
sinogram linear interpolation method has an unclear boundary
between two pixels with a large difference in the attenuation
co-efficient[2]. In this study, we compare different
interpolation methods to improve the linear interpolation and
the quality of the reconstructed cross-sectional image. For the
interpolation methods that we proposed, we used the
characteristics of the neighboring views for the linear, bilinear,
spline, and hermite interpolation method.
We used a shepp-logan phantom to evaluate the effectiveness
of the cross-sectional image. The reconstructed cross-sectional
images were obtained by using 20, 45, 90, and 180-view
sinograms, and we compared the reconstructed cross-sectional
images using the original sinogram, other interpolation
methods. We compared the peak-signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR)
Kyung-Chan Jin
Manufacturing System R&BD Group
KITECH
Cheonan-si, Republic of Korea
kcjin@kitech.re.kr
results of the reconstructed image with those of the original
and reconstructed images.
 METHOD AND MATERIALS
To obtain cross-sectional images using CT scans, we editer
roated the detector and X-ray generator are rotated around the
object, or we rotated object between the detector and the
generator. Each projected image on the detector through the
phantom is called a view, and a list of views is called a
sinogram. Generally, a sinogram and a reconstructed cross-
sectional image can be easily obtained using the Radon
transform and inverse Radon transform, respectively.
The Radon transform has several useful properties. All of the
study that we previously described are iterative methods. They
are often used to detect and emphasize the linear characteristics
of an image by accumulating the two-dimensional integrals in
the Euclidean-space on the image to construct the Radon
transform space. The projection angle requires step to create
views. To obtain the views, a sinogram interpolation is created
using the results of the Radon transform.
The Radon transform is often used to detect and emphasize
the linear characteristics of an image by accumulating the two-
dimensional integrals in the Euclidean-space on an image
f(x,y) to construct the Radon transform space. The Radon
transform f(x,y) of the projection angles is specified in
Formula 1. [3]

(1)
For our proposed adapted-linear interpolation method, we
first calculated the average value of the neighboring views.
Next, we added a weight that was in accordance with the
gradient. Using the result of the Radon transform, we
compared the interpolation methods to improve the linear
interpolation and the quality of the reconstructed cross-
sectional image. For the comparative interpolation method, we
used the characteristics of the neighboring views for the linear
interpolation, bilinear, spline [4], and cubic[5] interpolation
methods.
978-1-4673-7365-4/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE
 2015 IEEE International Symposium on Consumer Electronics (ISCE)

  RESULTS . CONCL
LUSION

In 2D sinogram image, we implemented the interpolation To obtain the Radon transform m image, we used three
algorithms using Matlab. For the test image, w
we used a slightly sinogram interpolation methods. The results for different
modified shepp-logan head phantom (size: 1228128) depicted reconstructed cross-sectional imagees were obtained using the
in Figure 1. To comput the sinogram and thhe reconstruction, inverse Radon transform. As sho own in Figure 1, 45-view
we used the Matlab functions radon and iradoon by performing original reconstructed image results have a stepper-type
parallel beam projections. As the reconstruuction image, we boundary surface, and streak artifacts occur in the
measured the PSNR per pixel for the originaal image and the reconstruction image. But the reconstruction of the
reconstructed image in order to comparre the different interpolation result is shows the lowest streak artifacts. The
interpolation methods. reconstruction of the 20-views oriiginal sinogram shows the
We then evaluated the effectiveness of thhe reconstruction lowest performance PSNR value witth the worst performance of
cross-sectional image, which was obtained uusing 20, 45, 90, the three methods. In addition n, the 20- views linear
and 180-view sinograms. In addition we ussed the PSNR[6] interpolation result has similar recon
nstruction results as the 45-
value to compare the results of each method sshown in Table 1. views orignal image .
As shown in Figure 2, 20-view original sinoogram data has a We compared each of the interp polation methods with the
stepper-type boundary surface, and streak artiffacts occur in the orignal sinogram interpolation. Inteerpolation had be effective
reconstruction image. The linear interpolatioon method result lower views. Of the three method ds the linear interpolation
shows that the 20-views sinogram has a recoonstruction PSNR method exhibited the best performaance time results among the
similar to the 45-view original sinograms. three methods. Hermite interpolatio on method exibited the best
reconstruction results.
Table 1. RECONSTRUCTION PSNR RESULTS USINGG EACH SINOGRAM
D.
INTERPOLATION METHOD
ACKNOW
WLEDGMENT
Interpolation Sinogram Viewws
Method 180 90 455 20 We would like to acknowledge the financial support from
w Orignal 72.2719 70.0269 69.66480 59.7373 the R&D Convergence Program of MSIP
M (Ministry of Science,
z Linear 71.9850 71.0935 69.88717 66.6678 ICT and Future Planning) and ISTKK (Korea Research Council
u Spline 72.0965 71.4386 70.4390 66.5120 for Industrial Science and Technolo
ogy) of Republic of Korea
y Cubic 72.0857 71.4039 70.4323 66.9377 (Grant B551179-12-04-00).
REFE
ERENCES
360 views sinogram 45 views sinogram 45 views bilinear
b interpolation
[1] The Korean Society of Medical Imaaging Technology Textbook of
Computed Tomography 2nd edition, 2005.
2
[2] Tianfang Li, Xiang Li, Yuziang Xing g,Holgbing Lu, Kiang Hsieh and
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Reconstruction
dose CT, IEEE NuclearScience Symp posium Conference Record, Vol 4,
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[3] Bo-Ho Cho, Sung-Hwan Jung, "Efficieent Correction of a Rotated Object
Using Radon Transform, KOREA A INFORMATION SCIENCE
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(a) (b) (c) Vol.14 No.3, pp. 291-295, May 2008.
[4] nes, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
de Boor, C., A Practical Guide to Splin
Figure 1. Images showing shepp-logan head phantoom sinogram and
reconstruction for (a) 360-views, (b) 45-views, and (c) 45-views bilinear [5] Fritsch, F. N. and R. E. Carlson n, "Monotone Piecewise Cubic
interpolation. Interpolation," SIAM J. Numerical Anaalysis, Vol. 17, 1980, pp.238-246.
[6] Fisher, Yuval, "Fractal Image Co ompression, Fractals, Complex
Geometry, Patterns, and Scaling in n Nature and Society, Vol. 2,
September 1994

(a) (b) (c)

Figure 2. Images showing Shepp-Logan head phantoom sinogram and

reconstruction for (a) 20-views, (b) 20-views bilinear innterpoltion, and (c)
20-views cubic interpolation.

978-1-4673-7365-4/15/$31.00 2015 IEEE