THE BRITISH UNIVERSITY IN EGYPT

Experiment: Analytical Chemistry Lab

Acid-base titrations using

Method of Double Indicators

Osama Hassan Shaikh Idris Nasr 117796

TABLE OF CONTENT
Abstract........................................................................................................................................................ 2
Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 3
Equipment ................................................................................................................................................... 4
Experimental procedures ........................................................................................................................... 4
Result............................................................................................................................................................ 5
Treatment of data ....................................................................................................................................... 6
Discussion .................................................................................................................................................... 7

1
Abstract
The aim of this experiment is to determine the amount and the composition of
NaHCO3 (aq) and Na2CO3 (aq.) by using two indicator method. We use
phynolphynthaline and methyl orange indicator to detect the endpoint of titration.
The first step in this experiment is to clean up all the equipment we will use in this
experiment. Secondly we add 10ml of the unknown mixture in the conical flask,
then we fill the burette with HCL with known volume and molarity. Thirdly, add
two or three drops of phenylphinthaline in the mixture, after that we open the valve
of the burette till the pink color be dilute then record the volume of HCL using.
Forth, add three or four drops of orang methyl then repeat the previous step and
take the reading.

2
Introduction
Titration method uses to measure the molarity of unknown mixture. Titration is
technique by adding a fluid with known concentration to another fluid till all solute
react with the first fluid. The reactant fluid that utilized named standard solution. In
this experiment we utilize a strong acid HCL as a standard solution. When we add
a base like NaOH the strong acid and the base will react to form finally salt and
water. This kind of reactions named neutralization.

+ + 2

We use indicators to measure the end point or equivalent point of the

reaction. The indicator change the color of the solution to know that the
reaction reach the end point. We use two kinds of indicators in this
experiment. The first indicator we are going to use is phnylphnthalin which
is turning the base to pink color with basic solution and colorless with acidic
solution. The second indicator is methyl orange which turn orang with acidic
solution. When the color of the mixture starts to change, this mean that we
reach the end point of the reaction neutralization. In this experiment we
use HCL to titrate a solution of 2 3 3 the reaction of
2 3 take place by two steps:

HCl(aq) + Na2CO3(aq) NaHCO3(aq) + H2O(l) . (1)

HCl(aq) + NaHCO3(aq) NaCl(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) (2)

While the recation between finished only with one step:

HCL + NaOH NaCL + 2

3
Equipment
a. phenolphthalein indicator,

b. methyl orange indicator

c. 0.2 M standard HCl(aq).

d. a mixture of NaHCO3(aq) and Na2CO3(aq).

e. deionised water.

f. Beaker.

g. conical flask.

h. Funnel.

i. Burette.

j. stand and burette clamp.

Experimental procedure
1. Put 10ml of the unknown mixture in the conical flask.

2. Fill the burette with the HCL.

3. Put 2 to 3 drops of phynilepenthalin indicator.

4. Titrate HCL in the mixture till the color change, then record the volume as
(1 ).

5. Add 2 to 3 drops of methyl orange indicator to the mixture.

6. Complete titration using HCL and then recorde the volume of HCL as (2 ).

7. Repeat the procedure three times and note the recordes.

4
Result
First attempt

Phenolphthalein Methyl orange indicator

indicator V2
V1
Final burette reading/3 5.2 15.2
Initial burette 0 5.2
reading/3
Volume of 0.2 M HCl 5.2 10
used/3

Second attempt

Phenolphthalein Methyl orange indicator

indicator V2
V1
Final burette reading/3 5.1 14.9
Initial burette 0 5.1
reading/3
Volume of 0.2 M HCl 5.1 9.8
used/3

Third attempt

Phenolphthalein Methyl orange indicator

indicator V2
V1
Final burette reading/3 5.3 14.65
Initial burette 0 5.3
reading/3
Volume of 0.2 M HCl 5.3 9.35
used/3

5
Treatment of data
A) Average volume of HCL:
1 + 2 + . .
=
.

Average Phenolphthalein indicator Average Methyl orange indicator

1. 2.
5.2 9.7

B) Standard deviation of HCL:

St.dev. of Phenolphthalein indicator St.dev. of Methyl orange indicator

0.0067 0.0742

C) Standard errors of all of the devices used during the experiment:

= 100

Standard error of Phenolphthalein Standard error of Methyl orange

% indicator
%
5.1 9.35

D) Write an equation describing the reaction between HCl and the mixture in
the presence of phenolphthalein.

+ 2 + 2

E) Calculate the difference in volume between V2-V1=V3?

1 = volume of HCL used in 1st titration with phenolphthalein.

2 = volume of HCL used in 1st titration with methyl orange.

6
3 = 2 1 Volume of NaOH in the first titration.

Trail #1 Trail #2 Trail #3

Volume of 4.8 4.7 4.05

F) Complete the following questions:

a. V1 corresponds to volume of HCL used in titration with phenolphthalein.
b. V2 corresponds to volume of HCL used in titration with methyl orange.
c. V2-V1 corresponds to volume of NaOH.

Discussion
1. in this experiment the reaction have to step in the first reaction the solution
would be basic so we need to be detect by an indicator react with a base ,
and in the second step the indicator should be react with acidic solution. For
example we can use Thymolphthalein or Alizarin yellow instead of
phenolphthalein and methyl red instead of methyl orange.

7
2. Multi steps titration that mean there are more than one equivalent point in
the ph curve.

3. The indicator change the color of the solution to know that the reaction reach
the end point. The ph indicator is a weak acidity dye or colored paper used
to detect the proton ion in the solution by the change in the color of the dye
or the paper when its dipped or added in the solution.

8
4. Rang of phenolphthalein is between pH 8.3 - 10.0. While rang of methyl
orange between 3.1 - 4.4.