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Stray dogs exhibit a lesser variety of colors

than pet dogs
ABSTRACT
There's no specific color, height or weight for stray dogs. Dogs come in all shapes and sizes,
and the only factor that separates a stray dog out of the House the
dog a little problem property. All dogs, with the exception of the
few who has the genetic mutations are born with four legs. In
addition, there is little in the way of similitude.

They may have bulging eyes or eye beads. Ears can be long and
hair or tall and upright. The body of a dog can be short, long,
compact, or slender. Tails-scrub, curly, or missing it all depends
on the pedigree of the animal.

Main identifiers for stray dogs are the external condition of the
animal body. Vagrant animals will probably be exhausted with
the visible structure of bone or a grotesque bloated belly,
although pot bellies indicate overload of the parasite, and not a
sign of nutrition. hair of the stray dogs to be untidy and probably dirty.

More animal hair will be covered with mats and tangles. Some breeds will have an artificial
eye or nose. Stray dog nails can be so long they have pillow paws. In General, the overall look
of contempt will be accompanied by a stray dog.

RURAL DOGS
Rural free-ranging dogs that rarely if ever leave a settlement are called village dogs. They are
considered neither wild nor feral, and have less impact on the surrounding ecosystem than
other rural free-ranging dogs.

They pose a different set of environmental pressures than feral or wild dogs, or even free-
ranging farm dogs. Experts on the behavior of early and primitive dogs have also noted
interesting physical and behavioral differences between village dogs and other more feral
free-ranging dogs. For example, village dogs tend to be smaller and occur more often alone
or in pairs.

Village dogs include the African village dog and East Asian village dog, two types that were
the earliest to be domesticated.

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STRAY VERSUS FERAL DOGS

Experts in the area of free-ranging dog control sometimes distinguish between stray dogs
and feral dogs. Stray refers to lost and abandoned pets, or others that had socialized to
humans before taking to the free-ranging lifeand feral
to dogs that have lived all their lives apart from people.

This distinction is important to them, because stray

dogs can be relatively easily taken into captivity,
whereas feral dogs are more fearful and difficult to keep
as pets, and so are more often captured, spayed or
neutered, and released back into the parks, vacant lots,
and other hiding places on the margins of human
society where they are most commonly found.

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Feral, (from Middle French feral "wild," from Latin
fera, in phrase fera bestia "wild animal," from ferus

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"wild"), implies the progeny of formerly domesticated animals, run wild, having escaped
from domestication.

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Feral dogs include the second generation offspring of former strays which, having had little

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or no contact or bonding with humans, may have formed pack communities and reverted to

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instinctive canine behaviors. They may scavenge for food on the periphery of human
populations.

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In other contexts, and generally in Indian English, the term "stray dog" covers both feral
dogs and dogs that have strayed from their owners.

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India has a population of feral dogs numbering in the tens of millions, the highest in the
world, and millions of people are bitten every year, with about 20,000 people dying annually
from rabies.

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When discussing these issues in the Indian context, distinctions between stray and feral dogs
are less clear or important, so the term "stray dog" is used to cover both stray and feral dogs,

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and to distinguish them from the wild dog of India.

Wild Dogs compared with stray dogs

Two Canid species have common names specifically calling them 'wild dogs', but are entirely
different species from 'domestic dogs' (Canis lupus
familiaris): Lycaon pictus,the African wild dog,
and Cuon alpinus, the dhole, also called the 'Indian
wild dog'. They are not closely related to each other
or to true dogs, but may be commonly called simply
'wild dogs' locally or when the species or
geographical location is already known or implied.

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STRAY DOG HABITAT AND BEHAVIOR

Stray dog could live almost anywhere people live. In rare cases, stray dogs can join Coyote
packs. Wolves are less tolerant of dogs and most likely would kill crazy, which is included in
the package.

Stray dogs live on the outskirts of mankind and because of this they usually with suspicion
and distrust of people. Stray dogs within the city or town shall live wherever they can. Like
all other animals, they want to be dry and safe in a relatively quiet area.

This instinct for protection makes the bottom of the deck and porches for stray dogs to live.
These dogs have been known to climb into the drain pipes and sewers to find adequate living
space. Most often, stray dog will be nomadic, rarely find a place that is safe for a long period
of time.

Canine companionship is not uncommon in stray dogs. In large areas with countless stray

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dogs, packages can form a pack of stray dogs will have a hierarchy similar to wolves, Alpha
Dog of the sending of the flock next door. Stray dogs are less stringent, on the role of men in
comparison with women in the alpha position. Any dog of either sex may hold office until

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another contender not to displace them.

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Since many of the stray dogs in the world once owned, some are sterilized. Those who can

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multiply in a position to do as often as every four months. Dogs can breed at any time of the
year. Litter size depends on the breed, but may have as many as 14 puppies.

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Stray Dog Diet
It is generally and widely thought of as carnivores, but they are not obligated to diet only ... a

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homeless dog will eat almost anything that people might classify as edible, including
vegetables, fruit, candy or fast food. the most important factor in the diet of the smell of

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Fragrant sugar bowl. fruit is more enticing than the garden fresh piece of broccoli. When
desperate, homeless dogs often eat plastic containers that smell like food.

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Stray Dog Fears Trouble
Strays pose a serious threat to humans and pets. homeless dog ranks high on the list of
rabies carriers due to illegible sky Fang, which may lead to consumption of rabies-infected
mammal. Stray dogs are often afraid of people. This fear can cause serious injury if a dog
backed into a corner of feels threatened. House pets are often victims in fights with stray
dogs, and organized packages will prey on domestic animals in enclosures nearby.
Homeowners also worry about cleaning the streets paved with garbage after a stray dog
wandered.

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ABOUT DOMESTIC DOG

The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris or Canis familiaris) is a domesticated canid which
has been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and
physical attributes.

Although initially thought to have originated as a manmade variant of an extant canid

species (variously supposed as being the dhole, golden jackal, or gray wolf), extensive genetic
studies undertaken during the 2010s indicate that dogs diverged from other wolf-like canids
in Eurasia 40,000 years ago. Being the oldest domesticated animals, their long association
with people has allowed dogs to be uniquely attuned to human behavior, as well as thrive on
a starch-rich diet which would be inadequate for other canid species.

Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection,
assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped

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individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend"
in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are a source of meat.

MORE ABOUT STRAY DOG

The illness caused due to stray dog

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Rabies is a real fear when it comes to stray dogs. If the injured person, the animal will likely
show neurological symptoms: unsteady gait and irregular eye movements. Excess saliva may

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be visible around the lips. Stray dogs may also be leptospirosis, Pasteurella and
Capnocytophaga, brucella. Children are especially susceptible to infection from intestinal

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parasites found in the dog's stool. Many of these parasites can live in the yard for many years
after the initial infection.

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Times of India says

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Packs of stray and often snarling dogs that roam the city have caused the deaths of at least 27
people due to rabies every year since 2007.

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Many people ignore dog bites and hence seek medical help only when full infection sets in.
Experts stress the need for health educational programmes for the medical community and
in the public about the dangers of inadequately managed dog bites. The importance of
proper wound care and post-exposure vaccination must be reinforced to prevent total rabies
infection, they said.

PMC's assistant medical officer of health Dilip Jagtap said

"On June 27, a domestic help in a Koregaon Park housing society, succumbed to rabies
infection. The woman was bitten by a stray dog two months ago in April. Had she taken
correct treatment soon after the dog bite, she would have been saved".

The woman had not taken the recommended treatment (vaccination) usually given as a
precautionary measure when a person is bitten by a stray dog. She developed clear
symptoms of rabies like hydrophobia (fear of water) and fear of air when she sought

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treatment a few days ago, but she died soon after. "The mortality is 100 % once a person
develops full-blown rabies infection, hence precaution is necessary," Jagtap said.

Rabies Incubation Period

The period from the time of infection to the onset of symptoms is the rabies incubation
period. It may vary from a few days to several years, but is typically between one and three
months. During this time, the rabies virus multiplies within the body.

If the bite is not on the face, it takes usually two to six months for a person to develop the
symptoms. In the domestic help's case, the bite was around the knee area, hence it took two
months for the virus to travel to the woman's brain causing inflammation (encephalitis),
PMC medical superintendent D V Barathe said.

The early symptoms are fever, headache, general tiredness and pain at the site of the bite. As
the disease progresses, neurological symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, confusion, hyper-

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salivation, difficulty in swallowing and hydrophobia set in.

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Ignorance among people

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Ignorance does much damage and patients from the fringes downplay the severe
consequences of a stray dog's bite. Youngsters also ignore dog bites and hide it from parents.

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Some start treatment soon after the bite, but do not complete the full five-course vaccine. "A

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single injection costs Rs 300 and the full course costs Rs 1,500. This course is given free at
PMC-run hospitals. But it is costly in private hospitals and hence most people abandon it

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midway," a medical officer at Naidu Hospital said.

It takes seven days to develop the required immunity after the vaccine is injected. Another

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anti-rabies serum or immunoglobulins should be given within 72 hours of the bite. This
serum, available at medical stores, gives protection to the person for the first seven days. It is

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free in civic hospitals.

"One cannot identify whether a stray dog on the streets is rabid or not. A stray dog, after

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sterilization, can still be rabid unless the anti-rabies injection is given annually," said a
health activist.

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RECORDED DATA FROM SURVEY
Year Rabies cases recorded at Naidu Hospital (from city and adjoining areas)

1.
2.
3.
2007 35 Male (25) Female (10)
2008 le (20) Female (9)
2009 le (19) Female (7)
4. 2010 Male (17) Female (2)
5. 2011 8 Male (7) Female (1)

(Source: Pune Municipal Corporation)

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WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW

1. Dog bites should be taken seriously especially when it is a stray dog or an
unvaccinated dog
2. Wash the wound with soap and water as soon as possible
3. Victims of bites by suspected rabid dogs should report immediately to the nearest
health facility
4. It is absolutely necessary to follow up the wound cleansing with vaccination within a
few hours after contact with a suspect rabid animal
5. Most human deaths occur in the absence of post-exposure prophylaxis
6. Rabies is almost always fatal once the clinical symptoms appear
7. Dog bites should also be reported to the nearest veterinary office. This is necessary
for monitoring the dog.

CONCLUSION WITH DIAGNOSIS

In most cases, human rabies is diagnosed primarily on the basis of clinical symptoms and
signs, and a corroborative history of or evidence of an animal bite, death of an animal, and

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incomplete or no vaccination following exposure.

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The facility for laboratory diagnosis and confirmation of rabies, be it in humans or in

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animals, is available only in a few institutions in India.

Dogs are the main cause of rabies in India. Other animals, such as monkeys, jackals, horses,

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cattle and rodents, seem to bite incidentally on provocation.

Note: This project report is free. It is the compilation of different descriptive topics collected from the net. We

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have only systematically arranged the topics to suit for the preparation of 12th standard Environmental Science
Project Report submission of the students.

submission.

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