Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE,BUILDING & DESIGN

Bachelor of Science (Honours) in Architecture

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303/ ARC 3414]

Project 2 Integration Project ( Community Library )

Name : Nor Syarianna Neo

Student ID : 0318236
Tutor : Mr.Edwin

[BLD 61303 ] Building Science II

Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

Table Of Contents
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
1.2 Project Description

2.0 Intoduction to Daylighting Factor and Artificial Lighting

3.0 Space A : Daylight Illumninated Space : Children Reading Room

i) Daylighting Factor Calculation
ii) Daylighting Contour Diagram
iii) Daylighting Section Analysis
iv) Artificial Lighting Analysis and Implementation
v) Room Index Calculation
vi) Lighting Spacing Fitting Diagram and Lighting Contour Diagram
vii) PSALI

4.0 Space B : Artificial Illuminated Space : Children Story Telling Room

i) Artificial Lighting Analysis and Implementation
ii) Room Index Calculation
iii) Lighting Spacing Fitting Diagram and Lighting Contour Diagram

5.0 Reference

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

1.0 Introduction
1.1 Objective
The primary objective of this project is to integrate the principles of lighting requirement into the context of Semester
5 Studio Design project, which requires to build an urban infill community library in Jalan Tunku Abdul Rahman.
This lighting project will be looking into implementing daylighting system, artificial lighting system and also the
integration of PSALI design strategies in consideration of sustainability issues as well.

1.2 Project Introduction

The proposed community library is located at Jalan TAR, the design intention and concept of my proposed library
is to establish a Third Place among the community, where the localized community can gather, read, learn, play
and socialize in a safe, civic and fun manner. It is conceived as an urban metaphor in which all the activities take
the form of ideal containers, icons of buildings in the urban fabric, like the City Hall, the School, the Playground,
the Construction Site, representing the ongoing work required by a city to live. Finally forming the public space
suitable to contain different activities, to sustain social interaction, where shared services and spaces are
organized.All this happens below the saw-tooth profile roof structure, whose light underlines the public, open
dimension of the internal space.
The main feature of the library is the integration of different programmatic volumes under a sunlitted saw-tooth
profile, inducement of sunlight into the whole of the space. The spaces that are selected for the following integration
studies is the Children Section volumes pods which is located on the second floor, where it is most dense, in which
artificial lighting are most needed.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

2.0 Introduction to Lighting Analysis

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis
Daylight Factor is a ratio that represents the amount of illumination available indoor relative
to the illumination present outdoors at the same time under overcast skies.

DF = Ei ( Indoor illuminance at a given point ) x 100%

Eo ( Outdoor illuminance )

Where,

Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane

Eo =The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average daylight level (EH) is assumed to
Be 32000 lux.

A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground.

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very Bright >6 Large(including thermal and glare problem)
Bright 3-6 Good
Average 1-3 Fair
Dark 0-1 Poor

Table 2.1.1 shows the daylight factors distribution [ Department of Standards Malaysia, 2007 ]

Illuminance Example
120,000 lux Brightest sunlight
110,000 lux Bright sunlight
20,000 lux Shaded illuminated by entire clear blue sky
1000-200 lux Typical overcast day,midday
400 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day
<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday
40 lux Sunrise or sunset on clear day
<1 lux Extreme darkest storm clouds, sunset on sunrise

Table 2.1.2 shows the natural illumination calculation.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis

Artificial light sources are other source of light which developed to compensate for or assist the lack of natural
light. In the context of the proposed library, there are certain spaces which are within enclosed pods or volumes,
hence are unable to receive natural lighting , thus requiring additional permanent installation of artificial light for
optimal illuminance in order for activities to be carried out without visual obstruction.

Lumen Method
Lumen method is used to calculate the light level in a room. It is a series of calculation that uses horizontal
luminance criteria to establish a uniform luminaire layout in a space. It can be calculated by dividing the total
numens available in a space by the area of the space. The calculation is below :

E = n x N x F x UF x LLF
A

Where,
E = Average illuminance to cover the space

n = Number of lamps of each luminaire

N = Number of luminance

F = Lighting design lumens per lamp, i.e. Initial bare lamp luminious

UF = Utilization factor for the horizontal working plane

LLF = Light Loss factor

A = Area of the horizontal working plane

Lumen method can also be calculated and used to determine the number of lights should be installed on the site.
To know the number of lamps, calculation of total luminance of the space need to be done based on the number
of fixtures and examine the sufficiency of light fixtures on that particular space.

N = ExA
F x UF x MF

Where,

N = Number of lamps required

E = Illuminance level required

A = Area at working plane height (m2)

UF = Utilization factor, an allowance for light distribution of the luminaire and the room surfaces

MF = Maintenance factor, an allowance for reduced light output because deterioration and dirt

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

Room Index

Room Index, RI, is the ratio of room plan area to half wall area between the working and luminaire planes, which
can be calculated by

RI = LxW
Hm x ( L + W )

Where,

L = Length of room

W = Width of room

Hm = Mounting height, the vertical distance between the working plane and the luminaire.

Light Loss Factor

Light loss factor is need to be considered when calculate Lumen Method. It is allowing forecasting the
performance of the system over a given lifetime to meet the minimum light standards it helps minimize the
realiability of system has been planned and designed for future operation. The calculation for light loss factor is
as below :

LLF = LLD x LDD x ATF X HE x VE x BF x CD

Where,

LLD = Lamp Lumen Depreciation

LDD = Luminaire dirt depreciation

ATF = Ambient temperature effects

HE = Heat Extraction

VE = Voltage Effects

BF = Driver and lamps factor

CD = Component depreciation

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

3.0 SPACE A : DAYLIGHT ILLUMINATED SPACE : CHILDREN DOLLHOUSE READING ROOM

Fig.3. 1 shows plan layout of Space A.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

i) DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

DAYLIGHT FACTOR CALCULATION

Area of windows (W, m2 ) Window1 :
L= 3.5
H= 1.2
2.5 1.2 = 4.3

Window 2 :
L = 1.6
H = 1.2
1.6 x 1.2 = 1.92

Total area of internal surfaces (A, m2 ) Dimensions of Workshop

L=7.75m, W=7.5 m, H= 2.4m
(7.75 2.4) + (7.5 2.4) + 2(4.0 x 2.4) + ( 3.5 x 2.4
) + (3.75 x 2.4 ) + 2[(7.75 7.5) (4.0 x 3.75)]
= 18.6 + 18 + 19.2 + 8.4 + 9 + 86.25
= 159.45

Glass transmittance corrected for dirt (T) 0.6 (for double glazed window in clean environment)
Visible sky angle in degrees from centre of window 85 (no obstruction)
()
Average reflectance of area A (R) 0.4 (not all light is reflected back into the space)
Average Daylight Factor (DF) w
=
A (1 )

6.22 0.6 (85)

=
159.45 (1 0.4)

= 3.3 %

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

ii) DAYLIGHT CONTOUR

From the daylight contour analysis, it

can be identified that much sunlight
are received on the frontal end of the
protruding volume of the children
reading room, though they are
substantial sunlight but the high
daylight factor will cause overheating
and discomfort glare, thus
comfortable daylighting condition can
be improved by installing louvers
along the front windows of the reading
room.

Fig.3.2 shows daylight contour of Space A.

iii) DAYLIGHT SECTION ANALYSIS

Fig.3.3 shows more than substantial amount of natural sunlight is received from
the frontal window of the volume, overheating and discomfort glare can be
avoided by placing louvers along the windows.

Space A Children Dollhouse Reading Room has daylight factor of 3.3% which is considered as good
distribution of light due to the windows opening on the frontal of the protruding volume that allow the
penetration of natural sunlight. The indoor illuminance is at 660 lux, slightly higher than MS1525 standard
for reading spaces which range from 300-500 lux which may cause glare and thermal discomfort to the
children in the reading room. This issue can be resolved by adding louvers to the along the frontal window
to provide adequate shading from the sunlight.

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iv) ARTIFICIAL LIGHT ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION

Due to the shallow height of the children reading room at 2.4m ,which is built to be at a more intimate scale with
the children, recessed downlight is chosen due to its surface mounted properties that has extremely small build
in depth.

Image of Lighting

Type of Lighting Philips Recessed CoreLine Slim Downlight

Type of Lightbulb LED module
Lighting Distribution Direct distribution
Material Fixture Die-cast Aluminium
Nominal Life (hours) 50,000
Wattage Range (W) 28
Luminous flux (lm) 2000
Colour Temperature (K) 3000
Colour Designation Warm white
Benefits 1. Small build-in depth.
2. Surface mounted enables luminaire to
be positioned anywhere and delivers a
natural surface of light effect.
3. Energy saving and longer lifetime reduces
operating costs.
4. Diffuse light quality.

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V ) ROOM INDEX CALCULATION

ROOM INDEX CALCULATION

Dimensions of Workshop (m2) L=7.5, W=7.75
Height of ceiling (m) 2.4
Type of Lighting Fixture LED Recessed Light
Luminous Flux of lighting (F/m) 2000lm
Height of luminaires (m) 2.4
Height of working plane (m) 0.8
Mounting Height (H/Hm) 2.4 0.8 = 1.6
IES Standard Illumination Level for Workshop 300 lux
Space (E)
Room Index, RI (K) L
=
L + ( )

7.5 .7.75
=
7.5 + 7.75 (1.6)

89.78
=
24.4

= 3.68

LUMEN CALCULATION
Lux required, IES Standard Illumination (E) 300
Area at working plane height (A, m2) Dimensions of Workshop
L=7.5m, W=7.75m
13.5 6.7 = 58.125
Luminous Flux (F) 2000
Utilization factor (UF) 0.6 (based on UF table)
Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)
Lumen Calculation (N, number of lights) E A
=

300 43.125
=
2000 0.6 0.8

= 14

Fitting layout (where is maximum spacing, = 1.5

m)
= 1.5 1.6

= 2.4

Distance between lights is not greater than 2.4m.

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 Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

VI ) LIGHTING FITTINGS SPACING DIAGRAM AND LIGHTING CONTOUR DIAGRAM

Interval of
1800mm.

Interval of
1800mm.

Fig.3.4 shows lighting fittings in Space A. Fig.3.5 shows artificial lighting contour in Space A.

The lighting fittings required in the Children Reading Room is 14 lighting fixtures of not more than 2.4 m spacing in
between. Due to the lower depth of the room at 2.4 metres catered to a more intimate scale with the children, recessed
downlight are chosen to save headspace and is spaced at an interval of 1.8m.
As the post artificial lit lighting contour diagram shows, after the artificial lighting are implemented, the light source is
well distributed at a comfortable luminance at every corners around the room.

VIII) PSALI

Row
5

Row
4

Fig.3.6 shows that Row 1 & 2 can be switched off

Row during brighter days.
3
The only surface that receives natural sunlight is the
Row
frontage of the window where there are louvered
2 windows exposed to the outside sun, thus to provide
sufficient light for reading, the planning of light fittings
Row is in a way that row 1 and 2 will only need to be turned
1
on during the dark as they receive direct sunlight from
Fig.3.5 shows Psali Lighting arrangments. the windows, and only switch on Row 3,4 & 5 artificial
lighting to ensure that there are comfortable lighting for
reading.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

Fig.3.6 shows Psali contour of when all rows of lights

Fig.3.7 shows Psali contour of when Row 3 and Row 4
are not switched on.
of light are switched on and Row 1 and Row 2 is
switched off during brighter days.

Fig.3.8 shows Psali contour of when Row 1 to Row 4

lights are all switched on during dark days or at night.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

4.0 Space B : Artificial Illuminated Space : Children Story-Telling Theatre Room

Fig.4.1 shows plan layout of Space B.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

I) ARTIFICIAL LIGHT ANALYSIS & IMPLEMENTATION

Due to the double volume height in the Story Telling Room, it gives headspace for more playful suspended lighting,
thus Philips LumiStone Suspended Lighting is chosen for its playful,inviting shape that creates a pleasant
atmosphere. LumiStone is a LED luminaire consisting of two smaller ellipses that creates a voluminous
visuals.Combined with the playful form , all the suspended lights at different heights also adds to the overall playful
mood of the room.

Image of Fixture

Type of Fixture Philip LumiStone Suspended Lighting

Type of Lighting Bulb Philips LED module PP
Lighting Distribution Direct distribution
Material Fixture Polycarbonate casing
Nominal Life (hours) 50,000
Wattage Range (W) 50
Luminous flux (lm) 3000
Colour Temperature (K) 3000
Colour Designation Warm white

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

II) ROOM INDEX CALCULATION

ROOM INDEX CALCULATION

Dimensions of Workshop (m2) L=8.5, W=7.75
Height of ceiling (m) 5
Type of Lighting Fixture LED Down Light
Luminous Flux of lighting (F/m) 3000lm
Height of luminaires (m) 4.5
Height of working plane (m) 0.8
Mounting Height (H/Hm) 5 0.8 =4.2
IES Standard Illumination Level for Workshop 300 lux
Space (E)
Room Index, RI (K) L
=
L + ( )

8.5 7.75
=
8.5 + 7.75 (4.2)

65.875
=
41.05

= 1.6

LUMEN CALCULATION
Lux required, IES Standard Illumination (E) 300
Area at working plane height (A, m2) Dimensions of Workshop
L=8.5m, W=7.75m
8.5 x 7.75 = 65.875
Luminous Flux (F) 3000
Utilization factor (UF) 0.5 (based on UF table)
Maintenance factor (MF) 0.8 (standard)
Lumen Calculation (N, number of lights) E A
=

300 65.875
=
3000 0.5 0.8

= 16

Fitting layout (where is maximum spacing, = 1.5

m)
= 1.5 4.2

= 6.3

Distance between lights is not greater than 6.3m.

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 Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

III) Lighting Fittings Spacing Diagram

Interval of
1800mm.

Interval of
1800mm.

Interval of
1800mm.

Fig.4.2 shows lighting fittings in Space B of 1.8m Fig.4.3 shows artificial lighting contour in Space B.
interval.

The lighting fittings required in the Children Reading Room is 17 lighting fixtures of not more than 6.3M spacing in
between. The Lumistone LED lighting are suspended at 4.5m at 1.8m interval each. As the post artificial lit lighting
contour diagram shows, after the artificial lighting are implemented, the light source is well distributed at a comfortable
luminance at every corners around the story telling room.

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Project 2 : Integration of Studio V Community Library Project

5.0 Reference

Daylighting/ WBDG Whale Building Design Guide. (2016) Wbdg.org. Retrieved 30 November 2016, from
http://www.wbdg.org/resources/daylighting

Designing for natural and artificial-lighting-(1986) (1st ed). Garston, Watford.

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