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  • Serway Solucionario Cap 16

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    Hugo Moran
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    serway solucionario cap 16

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    1K tayangan21 halaman

    Serway Solucionario Cap 16

    Diunggah oleh

    Hugo Moran
    serway solucionario cap 16

    Hak Cipta:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Unduh sebagai DOCX, PDF atau baca online dari Scribd
    Tandai sebagai konten tidak pantas
    dari 21
    ISOLUTIONS TO PROBLEMS. Section 16.1 Propagation of a Disturbance PI6. "P62 3 Repkicexby x-vI=4-451 to get ym) @ ) Fig. P162 ‘The graph (b) has the same amplitude and wavelength as graph (a). it differs just by being shifted toward larger x by 2.40 m. The wave has traveled 2.40 m to the right. (a) ‘The [Tongitadinal Pwave | travels a shorter distance and is moving faster, so it will arrive at point B first. (b) ‘The wave that travels through the Earth must travel a distance of 2Rsin 300° = 2(637 10" m)sin30.0°=6.37 10% m ata speed of 7 800 mis 37x10 m ‘Therefore, it takes ©2710" m_g47, 7800 mis ‘The wave that travels along the Earth's surface must travel 6710" m a distance of ata speed of 6.6710" ‘Therefore, it takes 4500 ‘The time difference is [6638 }=11.1 min P1644 The distance the waves have traveled is d=(7.80 km/s)¢=(4.50 km/s)(1+17.3 8) where fis the travel time forthe faster wave. Then, (7.80 = 4.50) (km/s)1 = (4.50 km/s)(17.3 s) (450 km/s)(173 36s (780-450) km/s - °° or and the distance isd =(7.80 km/s)(23.6 s)= [184 km]. PIGS) Letwetonr-aeco te poltotcoamat pase postive direction =-0.0848 m=[-Sas em S00 Te pS [> w —- = ISS 42.5 em/s sax = (007)(0.350)= [11.0 mils *P16.6 (a) a wave (b) later by 774 (©) Ais 15 times larger (&) Ais 1.5 times larger (©) Ais 23 as large 40.0 vibrations _ 4 pa A25.em 16.7 100s 0319 m P168 Using data from the observations, we have A=120 mand 8.00 ‘Therefore, af = (1.20 mS) 0.800 m/s P169.— y=(0.0200 m)sin(2.111~3.62/)inStunits —A=[200em 2 k=2.11 nd/m 4-28 [9am o =362 més 2 -fxem o 7 see 172 mys 2k 20 P1610 v= A= (4.00 Hz)(60.0 cm) = 240 cm/s. 240 mys *PI6.AL (a) > 7 rad Tm (©) Iny=Asin(kx—cor+ 9) we take A= 12 em, Atx=0 and 1=0 we have y=(12 em)sing. 120 em)sin{(157 radjm)x (314 rad/s)t) Mermmevebsiyis — Be-aacotAr- Its maximum magnitude is A@=12em(31.4 rad/s)=[3.77 avs © 2 (-Aeweos(kx—au)) =-Aa? st The maximum value is Aw" =(0.12m)(314 s*)' =[118 mle PU6.12 _Attime the phase of y=(15.0 em)eos(0.1S7:-~$0.31) at coordinate xis @=(0.197 rad/em).x~(50.3 mad/s)r. Since 60.0° 7 ‘ad, the requirement for point B is that 0=0,22 1 ine =O) (0.157 madjem).x, ~(503 rad/s)1=0~(50.3 ase rad x rad * 30157 mdm 2667 om P1613 P1614 (a) » PIGS (a) ) Compare this with the general expression (a) A=|0250m (b) @=[40.0 rad/s .250sin(0.300.x-40.0r) m Asin(kx= ar) (©) k=[0.300 mad/m (e) (f) The wave moves to the right,| in +x direction |. See figure at right 133 m/s 7 = 75 = 2% -[G1055 is the time from one peak 19 ° 10) 02 inthe text. ‘This agrees with the period found in the example A= Vg, =8.00 erm = 02080 0 m ‘Therefore, Or (where ¥(0, 1) =0 atr=0) In general, Assuming then we require that ‘Therefore, FIG. P1614 85 mv! 2, (0.800 m) f=25(3.00)= 600 rails (ks +00) Y= (0.080 0)sin(T8Se+ Gre) m 1y=0.0800sin(7.85x+627+0) yo 0 = 0.080 0sin(0.785+ 6) =-0785 Y= 0080 Osi TRE +6R F075) me P1616 (a) y(m) x (m) @=2nf =2012.0/s= [754 madys fol= fA =(12.0/s)(0.350 m)=[ 4.20 m/s (©) y=Asin(kx+ ar + 6) specializes to 0.200 msin(18.0.x/m +75.41/s+ 0) atr=0, 3.00% 10* 863° = we require 200 msin(+9) 0.151 mad _y(x 1) = [0.200 m)sin(18.0xm + 75.41/5— 0.151 rad) P1617 y=(0:120m)sin( Zx+4x1) 8 @ 9 =(0.120)(4z)eos (0.200 s, 1.60 m a a =(-0.120 m)(4z) sin Evednt) (0.200 s, 1.60 m) =[0 io 2=[160m 0500s 2 8 Pi6is @ r) © @ Let us write the wave function as y(x, 1) = Asin(kx +0 +6) ¥(0, 0)= Asing=0,0200 m 2.00 m/s A aang Also, o as 28 = 8002/5 T 002508 Re e(2) = (0.0200 m)* +f a=[0o2I sm 00200 astemng Acoso” =2/8008 ‘Your calculator’ answer tan"!(-2.51)=~1.19 rad has a negative sine and positive cosine, justihe reverse of what is required. You must look beyond your calculator to find 0=R-1.19 rad =[T95 rad Pax =A@=0.0215 m(80.07/s)=[SAT mis =v, = (30.0 m/s(0.025 0 s)=0.750 m 2 =k im @=800x/s an 8.38) i 0750 m YU F)= (COTS m)sin(# 3A md/m-+800RF radje+195 mad) P1619 (a) 0.500 Hz @ = 2nf =2n(0.500/s) =| 3.14 rad/s 2n__2n ) x=2%-___(314 ag % 200m sees (©) y=Asin(kx—cr +¢) becomes (0.100 m) sin(3.14x/m_—3.141/s +0) (@) 0 the wave function requires (0.100 m)sin(—3.141/s) (©) [¥=(@100m)sn(@71 md—3.147)5) ® v= 2 = 0.100 m(—3.14/s)cos(3.14.x/m —3.141/s) The cosine varies between +! and —I, so 2, <[0314 mis] P1620 (a) At x=2.00 m, y=[(0.100 m)sin( 1,00 rad—20.07)] Because this disturbance varies sinusoidally in time, it deseribes simple harmonic motion. (b) _y=(0.100 m)sin (0.500 ~20.01) = Asin(x—orr) 0 2a so @=200 rad/s and Ise Section 16.3 The Speed of Waves on Strings P1621 The down and back distance is 4.00 m+4,00 m =8.00 m. cedisthen past 48-00 m) oy, [E tle 1” 0800s 9 =V, 0200 i a Now, m 400m 00x 10 kg/t So 1 =o" =(500%10" kg/m)(400 m/s) =[500N P1622 (a) @=2nf=2n(500)=3140 rad/s, k= 2 = 340 - 16.0 raaym ¥=(2.00 x10 msin(16.05— 31400) = 10x10" kam pias = fF = [0m 18” \500%I0" hem Pi62s of ro T= po T=(8.920 kg/m')()(7.50%10* m)" (200 m/s) »Av? = prio 7-[GIN Tr _ [Me _ [Mel _& P1625 T= Mes the tension; jMe , |Met T= Mgis the ten: oa iat oy Mel _E aa po i be m( 00x10") aE “MP ~ 3.00 kg(3.61%107 s) | is the wave speed, Then, PIG27 Since is constant, P1628 P1629 *P16.30 (a) f bas units Hz Let F represeat the tension in the string (to avoid confusion with the period) when the pendulum is vertical and stationary The speed of waves inthe string is then: Since it might be dificult to measure L precisely, we eliminate VE Te TSN From the free body diagram, Fi. Pt6.28 m7 980 « tire [geo Sayre} « (x sah o 0.4m and Boke If the tension in the wire is 7 the tensile stress is T=A(stress) ‘The speed of transverse waves in the wire is p= = (ACS) _ [Siress _ [Suess _ fess iY mL \mAL \mNokime \ p where pis the density. The maximum velocity occurs when the stress is @ maximum: 2.70 x 10° Pa 3} For the other T we have! with units #8 (b) | ‘The firs Tis period of time: the second is force of tension Pia Section P1632 PL6.33 PLO P1638 Thelin ies te won a4 Let represent the cross sectional area of one wire. The mass of one wire can be written both as m= pl = pAL aed also as m= pL. Then we have Thus ((8920)(1.00%10°)* Forcopeer 2200) EA820110010 FT gists cocaine (27860) Forsee, (01 =ains cvo| OD) om The total time is 0.137+0.192 = [03295 165. Rate of Energy Transfer by Sinusoidal Waves on Strings 300 2-0 com — w=2R, 300 1207 rad/s 2 22801202)" (0 100700) 1 eta’ P= spore: Suppose that no energy is absorbed or cartied dow into the water. Then a fixed amount of power is spread thinner farther away fom the source Ii spread over the citcumfereace 2 of an ‘expanding crcl. The power-per-widih across the wave front 2 2er is proportional to amplitude squared so amplitude is proportional to ie svar ff (a) If Lis doubled, » remains constant and | Pis constant zH0'a‘e (b) IFA isdoubled and wis halved, P= «7 * [remains constant (©) If A and A are doubled, the product »'A* =~ remains constant, so[ P remains constant (8) Land Aare haved, hen 0? = 1 is quadrupled, so[ P is quadrupled (Changing doesn't aect P.) A=S00x10% m_— W=400x10% kg/m P=30W —T=100N Treretore, = [F=s00 ms # i sss P 2(300) P-L yaa: w= 2P .___2(300)_ ee HA ~ [0010 (5.00107) (300) = 346 rads -2- Es f an P1636 1 =300 g/m=30.0%10" kg/m @=2n/= 34s 2A=0.180m: A=7.50%10% m 2 vanaf Ea) FIG. P1636 y= (750x107 sin @.195— 3140), aia a9. P=aw 30.0% 109)(314)" (7.5010 hy) Pad ww'a' P1637 (a) v= s=[625 mis o wo s- <8. [oem @ P= Sua'a'e F(20x10°}s00F(0 150) (62.5) W=[21W) sin(or ~Ax— 9+) P1638 Compasing y =0.35sin{ 101 ig +4) with y= Asin(br=o+9)) we have @=10x/s, A= 0.35 m. Then v= (a) ‘The rate of energy transport is (75% 10" kg/m)(10x/s (0.35 m)°3.33 m/s =[15.0W ) 3020 P1639 Originally, ‘The doubled sting willhave doubled mass per-length,Presuming that we hold tension constant can carry power larger by V2 times Ee Lwe 16.40 [As fra string wave, the ate of energy transfers proportional to the square ofthe amplitde and othe speed. Te rte of energy transfer stays constant because each wavefront caries con- stantenergy and the frequency stays costa. As the speed drops the amplitude must increas. We write P = Fo? where Fis some constant. With no absorption of enrey, Pia = FO tia [Pas - Anne — [25% an _ 5 Fos Annan WV Pian “The anpltoe increases by S00 mes PIGAL (a) A=(7.00+3.00)4.00 yields [A=400 (©) Tnorder fortwo vectors o be equ they must Rave the same mugnitde an the same direction in three- Note sin(.x+ of) = sin.xeosvr + cos.xsin v1 becomes ~sin.xeosvr= true as required. sin(x—o1) = sin xcos 1 —cos xsinor Sosin.xeosvr = f (x+01)+e(x—o1) with Seton Is slgstes psingxeer) | and | g(x—ar)=sin(x—7) PIGAS Assume a typical distance between adjacent people =I m. ‘Then the wave speed is v=2t~1™ 19 m/s Mode! the stadium as a circle with a radius of onler 100 m. Then, the time for one circuit around the stadium is *PI6.A6 (a) From 150 m sin(0:8x ~ 500) we compute dyidt=0.150 m (-50) cos(0.8x~ 501) and E ylde? = 0.150 m (-S0¥s)? sin(0.8x— 500) ‘Then 4,7 BIS mie | (b) Forthe 1-em segment with maximum force acting on it, EF = Lem 375 avs*= [0085 0N = [12 g/(100em)] ‘We find the tension in the sting from v = fA= av = (50¥5)/(.8%m) = 62.5 mis = (Ty! T =v =(625 is} 0.012 kgm) =469 N ‘The maximum transverse force is very small compared to the tension, more than 3 thousand times smaller. PI6A7 The equation v= Af is a special case of speed = (cyele length (repetition rate) ‘Thus, p=(19.0%10" my/frame)(240 frames/s)=[0456 m/s PI6A8 (a) © P1649 P1650 0.175 m =(0.380 m)sin[ (996 rats) sin[(99.6 rad/s) ]= 05 ‘The smallest two angles for which the sine Function is 0. are 30° and 150°, i... 0.523 6 rad and 2.618 rad, (0966 rad/s)t, = 0.5236 rad, thus ¢, =5.26 ms (996 rad/s) = 2.618 ra, thus 1, = 26.3 ms Ars 1,1, =263 ms—5.26ms=[210 ms 2), _( 9956 rad ” Distance veld ty he wave =(2)ar=( "26-4 a0, 10° 5) [Fam Energy is conserved as the block moves down distance «: (k+U, +U,) +ab=(K+U,+U,) 0+ Mer+0+0=0+0+4 2Mg k (a) T =kx=2Mg =2(2.00 kg)(9.80 m/s*)=[392N ) Lalytx= lyse L=0.500 m+222N__ [9592 m 100 Nim © Mgx (a) T=ke=[2Mg *PI6SI (a) The enengy a wave crest caries is constant in the absence of absorption. Then the rte at ‘which energy passes a stationary point, which is the power of the wave, is constant, The power is proportional to the sjuareof the amplitude and to the wave speed. The speed decreases a6 the wave moves into shallower water near shore, so the amplitude must, (b) or the wave describe, witha single direction of energy transport, the intensity is the same at the deep-water location and at the place @ with depth 9 m. To express the constant inten- sity we write (©) Aste waterdepth goes o zero, our model would predict zerospeed andiafiniteamplitde, Infacttheamplitule must be inte asthe wave comes ashore. Asthe speed decreases the wavelengthalso decreases, When becomes comparable othe water depth, ors our formula Jed for wave speed no longer applies. PL6.S2 Assuming the incline w be frictionless and taking te postive x-direction to be up the inline =A FF (Mesind _ [etn “Te speed of transverse wavesin the sing i thm fF . asin (en se # mit m L al. Tretine enalrapube iaeliesingsinghs a= a4) P=) [a ~Mesin=0 or the tension in he sringisT'=Mgsin@ "P1653 (a) In P= spw?A'Y where v's the wave speed the quantity a speed, Wehwre 1=05 x 107 kgm and v= (TI? 200 mis the maximum particle ONS x 10" ky/m)" Then — P=L(0.S x10" kg/m) &,. (200 vs) =[G0S00 KEI, _ (b) [The power is proportional to the square of the maximum particle speed. (©) Intime 1 = (3 myo = ( my(200 m/s) = 15 x 10-2, ll the energy in a 3-m length of string es pst point. Therefore the amount of this energy is E= P12 (005 kgs) ©, (0015 8)=75 x 10 KE Oa ‘The mass ofthis section ism, = (0.5% 10" kgim)8 m= 1.5 x 10° kg so (1/2yn,=7.5 x 10-4 kg and[E=(12) me ‘The sting also contains potential energy. We could write its eneray a8 U,,, OF 85 Ugg + Ky (@) B= Pr=(005kp4)0%,,., 69) = [DIK Pest and in this ease T= mg; therefore, o Now v= /Aimplies v= 2 so hat ote Sara [ara PIGSS Let M = mass of tock, m= mass of string. For the block, FF = ma implies “The sped of a wave onthe ring i then Marr mir ole (0.0032 ks _ [yoga Sad ‘0450 Ke Pes a) == pate pa r r or bei V[etarsP)]~ \[p0rs+107Jem"] With tS nis, F [paar wyi07y 250 © toe erase oT) Ce a0 (2 700)(10" +10" 10") = [6a7 ms P1637 FF vim Ta. sosappn he eighth pe ‘Therefore, v= Jer de dx Bur v=, sothat dt a lex L fide lene and PIGSE Aidit fom bom. te emions 7 = (se whe wane sedis: co then 1 fare ffseo(ME4)] a teal ine J aa) () When Af=0, as in the previous problem, = 2/4 © Asm—0we expan dng = il (14) toobaain “fe Vit) —+(m" ae Eee) P1659 (a) The speed inthe lower half ofa rope of length Lis the same Function of distance (from the bevtom end) athe sped along the entre lent of are of feat ( hs hme oa «2 wi “ee and the ime required = 2 [= 2g takes the pulse more that 70% ofthe otal time to cover $0% of the distance (b) By the same reasoning applied in part( the distance climbed in is given by = Eve sina asane cinted =] F i For 2 Inhale ap in. plc clin el gh 16.60 (a) Consider shor section of chain atthe 1 ofthe Loop. A a Le free-body diagram is shown, Its length is «= R(26) and its - ing a 20) cay eects, Neh soma re . ii, att dom Hs Fora very shot tio, sind =6 and [F=aeh r (©) Thewave speedis v= IT =P pee a (©) Inthe frame of reference of the center of the loop, each pus clockwise and counterclockwise Q. © £: Fa ma, 2Fsin0 dows moves with equal speed 1.608) In the frame of reference of the ground, once pulse moves backward at speed 0+ and the other forward at 0-2 ‘The one pulse makes two revolutions while the loop makes one revolution and the other pulse does not move around the loop. If itis generated at the six-o' clock position, it will stay at the six-o’clock position. 2 © & FIG. P16.60(c2) P1661 Young's modulus forthe wite may be writen as ¥ = A whore isthe tension maintained in au the wire and AL is the elongation produced by this tension. Also, the mass density of the wire may be expressed as p= 4 ‘The spond of transverse waves in the wie i hen fE_ (TA_ [vaca Vea Ye o Y If the wire is aluminum and 9 = 100 m/s the strain is ‘andthe strain inthe wire is 4, a 2.7010" kg/m?)(100 ms 700x10" N) SRG IO™ PIB (a) same the springs rgnly story thoughout extended 0 have length mich reser than is equilium lengh We aan moving one end forward wth the speed at Which a wave priests on he spring In this way wecresioa single pls of compression that moves down th lng of he sping Foran increment of spring with length and tas djs the pulse swallows kup, SF= ma comes I= adm of —4—=0 te =a dnide But Also, 2 when v,=0 But bem at ‘Equating the two expressions fora, we have tt or fe (6) Ueiecresin tong o= = HE. (OO IER Tee 1 tater @) a] HO 2m P1663 (a) sporare™(2)| HO ® geen (3) ae SE Ome o=| 4. () PO)=| S-Ae Pw) © =[(6 Po § P1664 v=" ~ 468 km/h =[130 mys 1730 m_ PI66S (a) u(x) isalinear function, so itis of the form (x)= me +b Tohave (0)= 1. we requite b= p,.Then — p(L)=m, = mL+ pt, $0. ma Babe Then (©) From 9= %, the time required to move from x to x-+

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