AUTOMATING THE WORKFORCE

EMPLOYEES FUTURE CONCERNS ABOUT DO YOU BELIEVE AUTOMATION WILL LEAD

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TO MAJOR CHALLENGES FOR SOCIETIES
When thinking about the future implications of artificial intelligence, AND POLICYMAKERS?
what worries you the most? SURVEY OF RESEARCH CITI INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS

23% 31% 50%

I will end up relying A robot will Yes, by a significant degree
on robots take my job

20% 21%
Yes, but only to
Robots will play a bigger role a minor degree
in the military
11%
5% 18% No
My friends will date robots Dont know
3% 4%
No answer
Other
Source: Dell/Intel 2016 Source: Citi Research/University of Oxford 2016

WHERE JOBS ARE LIKELY TO BE REPLACED BY ROBOTS, SELECTED COUNTRIES

Percentage of jobs at risk of automation

South
Africa OECD*
Thailand
72% 67% 57%
Ethiopia
85% Argentina
65%
Nigeria
65%
USA
India 47%
China 69%
77%
UK
35%
*OECD member average
Source: World Bank Development 2016

POLICIES TO DEAL WITH AUTOMATION IMPACT

ON LABOUR AND WEALTH DISTRIBUTION 1 Investment in education
COUNTRIES/REGIONS AFFECTED BY AUTOMATION
SURVEY OF CITI RESEARCH INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS 2 Encouragement of entrepreneurship SURVEY OF CITI RESEARCH INSTITUTIONAL CLIENTS
1 - least likely 2 3 4 5 - most likely No answer
3 Active labour market policies MOST TO GAIN MOST TO LOSE
4 Funding research to increase employment Most popular answers Most popular answers

5 Lower taxes for low-income households 1 North America 1 China

6 Higher taxes for high-income households
2 Europe 2 ASEAN*
7 Higher taxation of capital versus labour 3 Japan 3 Latin America
8 Regulating automation implementation
4 China 4 CEEMEA**
9 Introduction of basic living incomes
5 ASEAN* 5 ASEAN*
10 Encouraging immigration

11 Policies to stimulate consumer demand *Association of South-East Asian Nations

**Central and Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Source: Citi Research/University of Oxford 2016 Source: Citi Research 2016

GLOBAL ANNUAL SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS GLOBAL ANNUAL SUPPLY OF INDUSTRIAL ROBOTS BY INDUSTRY
IN THOUSANDS 2013 2014 2015
300
254 Automotive

250 Electrical/
221
electronics

200 166 178

Metal
159
Chemical, rubber and
150
121 plastic
120
114 113
112
97 Food
100 81
60
Others
50

Unspecified

0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000

Source: IFR World Robotics 2016 Source: IFR World Robotics 2016