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An example how to calculate voltage drop and size of

electrical cable

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An example how to calculate voltage drop and size of electrical cable (photo credit: 12voltplanet.co.uk)

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Input information //
Electrical details:
Electrical load of 80KW, distance between source and load is 200 meters, system voltage 415V three
phase, power factor is 0.8, permissible voltage drop is 5% , demand factor is 1.

Cable laying detail:


Cable is directed buried in ground in trench at the depth of 1 meter. Ground temperature is approximate 35
Deg. Number of cable per trench is 1. Number of run of cable is 1 run.

Soil details:
Thermal resistivity of soil is not known. Nature of soil is damp soil.

Ok, lets dive into calculations


Consumed Load = Total Load Demand Factor:
Consumed Load in KW = 80 1 = 80 KW
Consumed Load in KVA = KW/P.F.:
Consumed Load in KVA = 80/0.8 = 100 KVA
Full Load Current = (KVA 1000) / (1.732 Voltage):
open in browser Full
PROLoad
versionCurrent = (100Try
Are you a developer? 1000) / (1.732
out the HTML to PDF API 415) = 139 Amp. pdfcrowd.com
Full Load Current = (100 1000) / (1.732 415) = 139 Amp.

Calculating Correction Factor of Cable from following data:

Temperature Correction Factor (K1) When Cable is in the Air


Temperature Correction Factor in Air: K1
Ambient Temperature Insulation
PVC XLPE/EPR
10 1.22 1.15
15 1.17 1.12
20 1.12 1.08
25 1.06 1.04
35 0.94 0.96
40 0.87 0.91
45 0.79 0.87
50 0.71 0.82
55 0.61 0.76
60 0.5 0.71
65 0 0.65

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70 0 0.58
75 0 0.5
80 0 0.41

Ground Temperature Correction Factor (K2)


Ground Temperature Correction Factor: K2
Ground Temperature Insulation
PVC XLPE/EPR
10 1.1 1.07
15 1.05 1.04
20 0.95 0.96
25 0.89 0.93
35 0.77 0.89
40 0.71 0.85
45 0.63 0.8
50 0.55 0.76
55 0.45 0.71
60 0 0.65
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65 0 0.6
70 0 0.53
75 0 0.46
80 0 0.38

Thermal Resistance Correction Factor (K4) for Soil (When Thermal


Resistance of Soil is known)
Soil Thermal Resistivity: 2.5 KM/W
Resistivity K3
1 1.18
1.5 1.1
2 1.05
2.5 1
3 0.96

Soil Correction Factor (K4) of Soil (When Thermal Resistance of Soil is not
known)
Nature
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Nature of Soil K3
Very Wet Soil 1.21
Wet Soil 1.13
Damp Soil 1.05
Dry Soil 1
Very Dry Soil 0.86

Cable Depth Correction Factor (K5)


Laying Depth (Meter) Rating Factor
0.5 1.1
0.7 1.05
0.9 1.01
1 1
1.2 0.98
1.5 0.96

Cable Distance correction Factor (K6)


open in browser PRO No of Circuit
version Nil to PDF API Cable
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No of Circuit Nil Cable 0.125m 0.25m 0.5m
diameter
1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.9
3 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85
4 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.75 0.8
5 0.55 0.55 0.65 0.7 0.8
6 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.7 0.8

Cable Grouping Factor (No of Tray Factor) (K7)


No of Cable/Tray 1 2 3 4 6 8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
2 0.84 0.8 0.78 0.77 0.76 0.75
3 0.8 0.76 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.71
4 0.78 0.74 0.72 0.71 0.7 0.69
5 0.77 0.73 0.7 0.69 0.68 0.67
6 0.75 0.71 0.7 0.68 0.68 0.66
7 0.74 0.69 0.675 0.66 0.66 0.64
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8 0.73 0.69 0.68 0.67 0.66 0.64

According to above detail correction factors:

Ground temperature correction factor (K2) = 0.89


Soil correction factor (K4) = 1.05
Cable depth correction factor (K5) = 1.0
Cable distance correction factor (K6) = 1.0

Total derating factor = k1 k2 k3 K4 K5 K6 K7

Total derating factor = 0.93

Selection of Cable
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For selection of proper cable following conditions should be satisfied:

1. Cable derating amp should be higher than full load current of load.
2. Cable voltage drop should be less than defined voltage drop.
3. No. of cable runs (Full load current / Cable derating current).
4. Cable short circuit capacity should be higher than system short circuit capacity at that point.

Selection of cable Case #1


Lets select 3.5 core 70 Sq.mm cable for single run.

Current capacity of 70 Sq.mm cable is: 170 Amp,


Resistance = 0.57 /Km and
Reactance = 0.077 mho/Km
Total derating current of 70 Sq.mm cable = 170 0.93 = 159 Amp.
Voltage Drop of Cable =
(1.732 Current (Rcos + jsin) Cable length 100) / (Line voltage No of run 1000) =
(1.732 139 (0.57 0.8 + 0.077 0.6) 200 100) / (415 1 1000) = 5.8%

Voltage drop of cable = 5.8%

Here voltage drop for 70 Sq.mm Cable (5.8 % ) is higher than define voltage drop (5%) so either
select higher size of cable or increase no of cable runs.
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select higher size of cable or increase no of cable runs.

If we select 2 runs, than voltage drop is 2.8% which is within limit (5%) but to use 2 runs
of cable of 70 Sq.mm cable is not economical, so its necessary to use next higher size
of cable.

Selection of cable Case #2


Lets select 3.5 core 95 Sq.mm cable for single run, short circuit capacity = 8.2 KA.

Current capacity of 95 Sq.mm cable is 200 Amp,


Resistance = 0.41 /Km and
Reactance = 0.074 mho/Km
Total derating current of 70 Sq.mm Cable = 200 0.93 = 187 Amp.
Voltage drop of cable =
(1.732 139 (0.41 0.8 + 0.074 0.6) 200 100) / (415 1 1000) = 2.2%

To decide 95 Sq.mm cable, cable selection condition should be checked.

1. Cable derating Amp (187 Amp) is higher than full load current of load (139 Amp) = O.K
2. Cable voltage Drop (2.2% ) is less than defined voltage drop (5%) = O.K
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2. Cable voltage Drop (2.2% ) is less than defined voltage drop (5%) = O.K
3. Number of cable runs (1) (139A / 187A = 0.78) = O.K
4. Cable short circuit capacity (8.2KA) is higher than system short circuit capacity at that
point (6.0KA) = O.K

95 Sq.mm cable satisfied all three condition, so it is


advisable to use 3.5 Core 95 Sq.mm cable.

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Cable Calculation Cable Sizing Cable Size

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Article Tags // Filed Under Category //


cable, cable voltage drop, current capacity, derating Cables Energy and Power
factor, resistance, short circuit capacity, soil, voltage
drop,
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About Author //
Jignesh Parmar
jiguparmar - Jignesh Parmar has completed M.Tech (Power System Control)
,B.E(Electrical). He is member of Institution of Engineers (MIE),India. Membership
No:M-1473586.He has more than 13 years experience in Transmission -
Distribution-Electrical Energy theft detection-Electrical Maintenance-Electrical
Projects (Planning-Designing-Technical Review-coordination -Execution). He is Presently associate with
one of the leading business group as a Deputy Manager at Ahmedabad,India. He has published numbers
of Technical Articles in "Electrical Mirror", "Electrical India", "Lighting India", "Industrial Electrix"(Australian
Power Publications) Magazines. He is Freelancer Programmer of Advance Excel and design useful Excel
base Electrical Programs as per IS, NEC, IEC,IEEE codes. He is Technical Blogger and Familiar with
English, Hindi, Gujarati, French languages. He wants to Share his experience & Knowledge and help
technical enthusiasts to find suitable solutions and updating themselves on various Engineering Topics.

80 Comments RSS Feed for Comments

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Good morning

I would like to know how to accurately calculate cable diameter for DC systems.
Chris
Wilken Can you help me please?
N OV 06, 2016

Regards

Chris

(reply)

Good morning
please advise how can I calculate voltage drop for circuit contains three phase and single
Esam phase load : example,, main cable 300 mm2 and connected to MDB , from MDB there is
SEP 25, 2016 sub DB connected with 3phase load 80KW and SUB DB connected with 1phase loads
average 3 KW (10 Nos).

(reply)

Hello I am working in Oman New job construction electrical working here total 5 floors
each pilot 1 st floor 5 rooms apartment total room 25. apartment total watts 350 kw cable
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each pilot 1 st floor 5 rooms apartment total room 25. apartment total watts 350 kw cable
Palanikalvarayansize and mdb smdb mcc pdb ldb how many cable size details diagrams ground floors
SEP 07, 2016 snapping mall please need yours helped so I am waiting for your reply as soon as
possible thanking you

(reply)

i want to know 220VAC,50Hz motor will work with 220VAC,60 Hz without any problem.

(reply)
Ummer
AU G 09, 2016

Dear sir
1. How can i detremine Power Factor Pannel.
Liyakat Ali Supose our load 500 kva. Than which type of KVAR pannel install.
J U L 29, 2016 2. How Can i check cable size

(reply)

i want to size a cable for a class project with a voltage drop of 2.5% 220volts 2000amps
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at 15meter run
Brenton B whats the best formula to use?
J U L 11, 2016

(reply)

Dear sir,
How can calculate power cable AMP capacity? Wich is formula use this calculation
Selvamani standard.
J U L 05, 2016 For example 185sqmm 4core cable what is AMP capacity how calculate?
Please give me feed back in my mail sir.

Thanks

(reply)

What is the code you have followed can you please mention? Please send me snap of the
code.
Manas Pal
(reply)
J U N 29, 2016

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Dear sir,
I would like to know how can calculate power cable AMP capacity? Wich is formula use
MANIK this calculation standard.
CH.BHANDARYFor example 50sqmm 4core cable what is AMP capacity how calculate?
J U N 08, 2016
Please give me feed back in my mail sir.

Thanks

(reply)

Sir, I have a query about the 4th condition regarding cable short circuit capacity and
system short circuit capacity. In case 2 you have taken system short circuit
MAHARSHI capacity(6.0KA). how to find it?
MA Y 0 6 , 2 0 1 6
(reply)

very helpfull information Thank you

(reply)
Lusekelo
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APR 26, 2016

Very good..informative topic.. basic information for all electrical engineers..

(reply)
Murali
APR 25, 2016

I HAVE A DOUBT IN VOLTAGE DROP OF CABLE.


1.In that formula cable length is multiplied with 100
VISHAL 2.why we multiply that?
J AN 19, 2016 3.if we are using it for converting meter in to millimeter means we should use 1000?
please clear my doubt

(reply)

It might be % voltage drop. Thats why 100 is put there for %.

(reply)
ANIL
GHILDIYAL
MA R 3 0 , 2 0 1 6

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this 100 is used for %age VD calculation and not to convert cable length in mm.

(reply)
Shyam
Sharma
APR 29, 2016

Thanks..this topic its very useful for us.

(reply)
Sumith
Ranaweera
J AN 15, 2016

Dear Sir,

I have some doubts related to cable sizing,


Niraj
N OV 30, 2015 1- Why we do cable sizing calculation on connected load ?
2- If we use the APFCR can i do the calculation with .95 pf.

(reply)

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I have draw the 350 dc current , so what is the size of the cable i can use? give me
answer with formula?
Marko Peter
(reply)
OC T 15, 2015

Dear sir

Please clarify me 3.5 core. How can i identify it?


Tlou
OC T 11, 2015
(reply)

Dear sir,

What should be the size of cable used for connection of lightning rods,
Inderpal
SEP 17, 2015 Can you please suggest us with some example.

(reply)

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Hi,

I would like to know how to calculate the cable sizing for UNDERWATER application
Vijay
SEP 17, 2015 (submerged in deepwell of 220m) load details are Electrical Induction Motor, 540Amps,
0,85PF, 440V, ThreePhase, Voltage drop 3% ,Water Temperature 56 deg.C, 3 cables
tied to steel column pipe of 200m.

(reply)

Dear sir,
I would like to know how can calculate power cable AMP capacity? Wich is formula use
NARENDRA this calculation standard.
MISTRI For example 50sqmm 4core cable what is AMP capacity how calculate?
SEP 08, 2015
Please give me feed back in my mail sir.

Thanks

(reply)

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Sir, i am working in saudi arabia. i want to purchase your electrical notes. i can send the
money through the money transfer agencies. i want the sending details
Parthasarathy
Chellappan (reply)

AU G 30, 2015

You can subscribe to complete technical articles and receive them right on your email:

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Edvard
AU G 30, 2015
(reply)

pleas i want equation of voltage drop of D.C current and its sources (from where its
cames)
Sadiq
(reply)
OC T 21, 2016

sir can u pls send me table of standards for calculation of every type of cable wither we
are calculating it for room or industry etc
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browserMalik
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GodArebless
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Sohail Malik God bless
AU G 17, 2015

(reply)

Excellent , sir

(reply)
Sachin
AU G 15, 2015

Dear Sir,

My Q is why did u use 139 A to calculate Volt drop formula for 70,95sqmm cables??.
Syed Asif
AU G 01, 2015 why dint you apply the actual current rating for the cables viz 170,200 A respectively.I
mean these are the cables we are selecting so why not use their rating in the formula??
Pls explain

(reply)

KINDLY CONFIRM HOW TO DO THE HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING OF 33KV CABLE OF


16KM LENGTH.
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16KM LENGTH.
JAIPAL
SINGH (reply)

J U L 17, 2015

Thats a really good writeup, clears many misconceptions regarding cable sizing. For all
those asking for standardized tables for wire gauge and ampere capacity I recommend to
Waqas search websites of your local cable manufactures, I am in Pakistan so I downloaded the
J U N 14, 2015 tables from Pakistan cables website.

(reply)

Dear Sir.

I would like to know how to size a Transformer.


Mustafa
Kaydawala
J U N 09, 2015 (reply)

Sir, can we take the values for resistance and reactance for cable from the specs Manual
of the cable to be used?
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Aqil
(reply)
MA Y 2 8 , 2 0 1 5

May i ask how did you chose the Amp capacity of the cable in both cases ??

(reply)
Eng.mohammad
Alamawi
APR 21, 2015

Good Day! Where did you get the tables? Please let me know where do you find this
standard tables that you used. Thanks!
Arnie A.
Baaga (reply)

APR 14, 2015

Dear Sir, I dont have the tables for resistance and reactance specified for under
ground cable of different dia. So please attach the table also.
Sushil
Kumar (reply)

APR 14, 2015

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Dear sir,
please give the electrical motor cable calculation details .
Kishore please send me my mail id.
Chandra
Sahu Thank you
APR 04, 2015

(reply)

Dear Sir,

I thoroughly understand the above expalined calculation. But i have one doubt ( where u
Murugeshwari
APR 04, 2015 took resistance , reactance & current carrying capacity Of cable ) if it has any tabulation
pls send it to my email ID.

(reply)

Sir Im Nabeel ahmad I want to ask how did u get capacity of cable like 70sq.mm is 170A
&resistance of cable . Tell me also about derating factor.
Nabeel Email me.nabeelahmad912@yahoo.com
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Ahmad
APR 03, 2015 (reply)

Very much interesting & useful

(reply)
Deepak Kr.
Mishra
MA R 3 0 , 2 0 1 5

With regards to the statement:


If we select 2 runs, than voltage drop is 2.8% .
Emile
MA R 3 0 , 2 0 1 5 How did you derive at 2.8%
Could you provide the formula , step for step calculation used

(reply)

thank you

(reply)
Saad
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Saad
MA R 2 2 , 2 0 1 5

Dear Jignesh,
I am mechanical engineer from VJTI, Mumbai; I want to install 100 cameras at 100 mtrs
Mahesh distance on 6mtrs high poles around the agriculture land. Each camera will be operating at
F EB 23, 2015 12 volts and carrying 1 amps; please can you guide me about the cable size to supply
power to all 100 poles. The circumference of the field is about 10 kms.

(reply)

HI Jignesh,

May i ask what type of camera is it IP or Conventional Camera(coaxial)?


Kristian
Malihan is your are you using AC 12V or DC 12V?
F EB 26, 2015

I think i could help you with this just provide me some information. you could email me
also.

Kristian Malihan

(reply)

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Hi Jignesh,
This is Samira, Electrical engineer. I read your comments on how to calculate cable size.
Samira Thank you.
F EB 20, 2015 I have a couple of questions for you; can you please help with the answers?
Can you please explain voltage drop calculation in single-phase system as well?
What is the source of these tables? I need to have a handy copy of the reference please
for my projects. Some of my cables are in the air in an indoor warehouse.
Can I ask how did you get current capacity of 70 mm cable? Also I have same question
about its resistance & reactance.
Please email me on samira.namin@gmail.com.
Thank you,
Samira

(reply)

I got my answers via investigation on net & your webiste, thank you

(reply)
Samira

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Samira
F EB 26, 2015

Can I ask how did you get current capacity of 70 mm cable? Also I have same
question about its resistance, reactance, short circuit capacity of the cable.
Sri please give me answer to this mail id- venkatesh5476@gmail.com
Venkatesh
MA R 1 0 , 2 0 1 5 (reply)

how to calculate derating facter please mail me

(reply)
Prathap
F EB 06, 2015

these grouping factor ,cable correction factor & distance factor you shown the table here
how do you prepared (0.6,0.8,1,1.2)like this , what datas you have to prepare these things
Singaraj can you post.
D EC 22, 2014 give me a reply.

(reply)
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(reply)

Thank you for the information

(reply)
MOhan
N OV 11, 2014

Dear Sir,

I Need sofftwre for cable size calucations. Please advise.


D K Nagpal
N OV 05, 2014
(reply)

Sir,
Thanks a lot for sharing your experience .I want you to share your experience on
Saravanan factory electrical cable selection , DSL bus bar selection , cable size , current carrying
OC T 25, 2014 capacity of cable , mcb selection

(reply)

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Sir,
Thanks a lot for sharing your experience .I want you to share your experience on
Engr building electrification of high rise buildings and what are the factors that as electrical
Muhammad engineer you should be considered.
Tanveer
OC T 22, 2014
(reply)

Kindly Provide your email

(reply)
Kashif
OC T 18, 2014

Dear Sir, I would like to be the Member of Institute of Engineers India. Kindly I need your
reference for Membership
Kashif
(reply)
OC T 18, 2014

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Sir,
Thanks a lot for sharing .I have a doubt about how to calculate the fault level of Ht
Vikash cable ..plz reply
Kumar
Singh (reply)
OC T 09, 2014

Dear Sir , kindly Clear my Doubt for Applying Correction Factor to the size of the cable
Why the Full load current is reducing when we apply correction factor .
Ateeq
(reply)
SEP 21, 2014

Dear Jignesh,

Thanks for your contribution and its sure an good material for every persons.And let me
Marikkani
SEP 18, 2014 request to please understand that the how the selection of current capacity vs cable size
happens
(3.5core 75 sqmm for 170A & 3.5 core 95 sqmm for 200A ) .let me request to please
share 1 core .5sqmm to maximum cable 4 core size selection chart( as per Indian &
International standards) in excel by which I shall go for my use.

(reply)
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(reply)

Let me know ,in CASE 1 calculation how did you know the cos(pi) and sine(pi) value as
0.8&0.6.
Satheesh
AU G 17, 2014 Any one plz clarify my doubt.

(reply)

you have power factor .8 , so cos(pi) will be .8 , then calculate value of angle(36.8698)
By this again calculate value of sin 36.8698, which is 0.6
Abhishek
(reply)
N OV 19, 2014

Thank you for your information..From mongolia

(reply)
Turbold
J U L 29, 2014

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Thanks, but I think this site is very basic and simple calculations are
Thanks again for taking the time
Iman
(reply)
J U L 27, 2014

I wants to how this short circuit capacity of 8.2 and 6 kA are got? Regards

(reply)
Ajay John
J U L 27, 2014

Good article

(reply)
Kiranreddyk
J U L 23, 2014

There is a small typo mistake.. Instead of 139, It should be 159 A.

(1.732 139 (0.57 0.8 + 0.077 0.6) 200 100) / (415 1 1000) = 5.8%
Umesh
Charola
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Charola
J U L 16, 2014 (reply)

sharing your experience with debuting engineers like me will be of great help. I hope to
remain in contact with your scientific touches.
Melvin
(reply)
J U L 16, 2014

Thanks Mr. Parmar for sharing the knowledge.

(reply)
Javed
Akhter
J U L 13, 2014

I would be thankful to you for giving the best things in electrical and I appreciated for the
same.
Gnanavel
(reply)
J U L 10, 2014

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i want to say thanks to Mr. Jignesh Parmar bcause i gained lot of practical knowledge
bcoz his publication in EEP website. thaks and thanks lot sir,
NR
VENKATESAN (reply)
J U L 06, 2014

W/O looking at the calculation details, it looks like the VD calculated in using the load PF.
Power Factor is primarily determined by load whereas line VD must be using the line
Ahmad conductors impedance.
Monajemi
J U L 05, 2014 (reply)

good

(reply)
Piyush
J U L 03, 2014

Hi,

Great
open in browser PRO version article,
Are you same
a developer? Try out calculation is
the HTML to PDF API used here in oil & gas industry. pdfcrowd.com
Great article, same calculation is used here in oil & gas industry.
Czarjeff
J U L 02, 2014
Btw, just for your correction and so as not to confuse the readers. Please correct the typo
error on this paragraph. The 70 Sq.mm in the second bullet should be 95 Sq.mm.

Lets select 3.5 core 95 Sq.mm cable for single run, short circuit capacity = 8.2 KA.
Current capacity of 95 Sq.mm cable is 200 Amp,
Resistance = 0.41 /Km and
Reactance = 0.074 mho/Km
Total derating current of 70 Sq.mm Cable = 200 0.93 = 187 Amp.
Voltage drop of cable =
(1.732 139 (0.41 0.8 + 0.074 0.6) 200 100) / (415 1 1000) = 2.2%

(reply)

Dear sir,
I would like to know how can calculate power cable AMP capacity? Wich is formula use
Hari this calculation standard.
J AN 05, 2016 For example 300sqmm 4core cable what is AMP capacity how calculate?
Please give me feed back in my mail sir.

Thanks

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(reply)

Very nice to see the data.


GREAT GOD will help you for better work for this n coming generation. Do some thing for
Sadiqkhan India, in where the power supply company fault may come out with knowledge to them
J U L 02, 2014 where they lost the electric current when supplying. Specially in village.

(reply)

can we neglect thermal correction factor (K4)???

(reply)
Muhammad
Junaid
J U L 02, 2014

it is very inmportante data

(reply)
Mohamed
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Gamal
J U L 01, 2014

Thanks for this priceless Technical information. I want you to shed more light on the
relationship between, design current, total derating factor, derating current and cable
Michael current carrying capacity. According to IEEE & BS 7671 (2011), derating current = design
J U L 01, 2014 current Ib / total derating fator Kt. So, in the above calculation, I expect derating current to
be = 139/0.93 9 (i.e 149.5A) .

(reply)

its economical to use 3.5 core instead of 4 core. Because, in balance 3 phase network
the current in neutral conductor is zero.
Irfan Ansari
(reply)
J U L 01, 2014

Amazing that you can let this slip through without any proofreading!

(reply)
OKK
J U N 30, 2014
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J U N 30, 2014

Congrat, great information and issues. Very helpful.


Thanks
Felix
Sandoval (reply)

J U N 30, 2014

Why we use 3.5 core cable,instead of 4 core cable?

(reply)
Muhammad
Junaid
J U N 30, 2014

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