Section A

Bahagian A
[60 marks]
[60 markah]

Answer all questions in this section.

Jawab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1 The diagram below shows the levels of cell organization in human.

Rajah berikut menunjukkan peringkat organisasi sel pada manusia.

(a) (i) Name cell P.

Namakan sel P.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) What is the function of cell P?
Apakah fungsi sel P?
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

(b) (i) Name tissue P and Q.

Namakan tisu P dan Q.

P: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Q: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]
(ii) Explain how level R is formed.
Terangkan bagaimana peringkat R terbentuk.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]
2 (a) The Diagram below shows the condition of red blood cell in three different concentrations of
solutions.
Rajah berikut menunjukkan keadaan sel darah merah dalam tiga larutan yang berbeza
kepekatan.

(i) State the condition of the red blood cell in three different concentration of solution.
Nyatakan keadaan sel darah merah dalam tiga larutan yang berbeza kepekatan.

Solution X/ Larutan X:____________________________________________________________________________________

Solution Y/ Larutan Y:____________________________________________________________________________________
Solution Z/ Larutan Z:____________________________________________________________________________________
[3 mark/markah]

(ii) Explain what happen to the red blood cell in solution Y.

Terangkan apa yang berlaku kepada sel darah merah dalam larutan Y.

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[4 mark/markah]

(b)(i) Explain what happen to a plant cell if immersed in solution Z.

Terangkan apakah yang berlaku jika satu sel tumbuhan direndam dalam larutan Z?

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[3 mark/markah]

(ii) Draw a diagram to show the condition of the plant cell as in 2(b)(i).
Lukiskan rajah untuk menunjukkan keadaan sel dalam 2(b)(i).

[3 mark/markah]
3 The diagram shows the rate of reactions of enzyme R and enzyme S over a range of pH values at 35 C.
Gambar rajah menunjukkan kadar tindak balas bagi enzim R dan enzim S dalam suatu range nilai pH
pada suhu 35 C

/ Kadar tindak balas

(a) What is the range of pH values for enzyme R and enzyme S to be most active?
Apakah nilai pH bagi enzim R dan enzim S pada kadar tindak balas paling aktif?

[2 mark/markah]

(b) What is the optimum pH value for / Apakah nilai pH optimum untuk
(i) enzyme R?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) enzyme S?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

I Give one example for / Beri satu contoh untuk

(i) enzyme R?
_________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]
(ii) enzyme S?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

(d) Explain why pH value affects the rate of reaction.

Jelaskan mengapa nilai pH memberi kesan kepada kadar tindak balas

________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]
4 The diagram below shows the different level of protein molecule structure.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan peringkat struktur molekul protein yang berbeza.

(a) Name the main elements in the protein molecules in the diagram.
Namakan elemen-elemen utama molekul protein dalam rajah diberi.

[2 mark/markah]

(b) (i)
State the level of the protein molecules P, Q and R.
Nyatakan aras molekul protein P, Q dan R.
P:
Q:
R:
[3 mark/markah]

(ii) Describe the structure of protein Q.

Huraikan struktur protein Q.

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]

(c) By using the following geometric shapes, draw the amino acid molecules to show the formation and
break down of a dipeptide.
Dengan menggunakan bentuk geometri berikut, lukis molekul-molekul asid amino untuk menunjukkan
bagaimana pembentukkan dan pemecahan dipeptida.

Amino acid Amino acid

Asid amino Asid amino

[3 mark/markah]

(d) State two difference between essential amino acid and non essential amino acids.
Nyatakan dua perbezan antara asid amino perlu dan asid amino tak perlu.

[2 mark/markah]
 (e) Pepsin is an enzyme in the digestive system. Explain what will happen to pepsin activity in its
reaction with eggs if the pH medium is pH 11.
Pepsin adalah sejenis enzimdalam sistem pencernaan. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku kepada
aktiviti enzim pepsin dengan telur jika medium pH adalah 11.

[2 mark/markah]

5 Figure 1 shows the structure of lipid bilayer of an animal cell.

Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur dwilapisan lipid satu sel haiwan.

(a) State the model suggested by Singer & Nicolson to explain the properties of the cell membrane.
Namakan jenis model yang dicadangkan oleh Singer & Nicolson untuk menerangkan sifat membran
sel.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[1 mark/markah]

(b) Briefly explain the properties of X and Y.

Terangkan dengan ringkas sifat X dan Y.

X:________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Y: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]

(c) Identify which of the structure in Figure 1 is a transport protein. Give a reason for your answer.
Struktur manakah dalam Rajah 1 merupakan protein pembawa? Berikan sebab untuk jawapan anda.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[2 mark/markah]

(d) Give two types of transport protein and the types of transports involved in each of them.
Nyatakan dua jenis protein pembawa dan jenis pengangkutannya.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
[4 mark/markah]
 Section B
Bahagian B
[40 marks]
[40 markah]

Answer any two questions in this section.

Jawab mana-mana dua soalan dalam bahagian ini

6 The levels of cell organization that make up a plant are as follow.

Aras organisasi sel yang membentuk tumbuhan adalah seperti berikut.

Cells Tissues Organs Systems Plants

Sel Tisu Organ Sistem Tumbuhan

(a) The stem is an organ which is made up of different types of tissues. Draw a labeled diagram of a cross
section of a dicot stem to show the arrangement of the different types of tissues.

Batang adalah satu organ yang terdiri daripada jenis tisu yang berbeza. Lukis satu gambar rajah
berlabel keratan rentas batang dikotiledon untuk menunjukkan susunan jenis tisu yang berbeza.
[6 marks/markah]

(b) Describe the structure and function of the cells and tissues which form a dicot stem.
Huraikan struktur dan fungsi sel dan tisu yang membentuk batang dikotiledon.
[14 marks/markah]

7 (a) The diagram below shows how substance moves across the plasma membrane of a cell.
Rajah berikut menunjukkan bagaimana bahan bergerak merentasi membran plasma sel.

Movement of substances across the plasma

membrane
Pergerakkan bahan merentas membran plasma

Passive transport Active transport

Pengangkutan Pengangkutan
pasif aktif

Simple diffusion Osmosis

X
Resapan ringkas Osmosis

(i) State three differences between passive transport and active transport.
Nyatakan tiga perbezaan antara pengangkutan pasif dengan pengangkutan aktif.
[3 marks/markah]
 (ii) State three similarities and one difference between simple diffusion and osmosis through the
plasma membrane.
Nyatakan tiga persamaan dan satu perbezaan antara resapan ringkas dan osmosis melalui membran
plasma.
[4 marks/markah]

(iii) What is the method of passive transport labeled X in the diagram?

Apakah cara pengangkutan pasif yang berlabel X dalam rajah yang diberi?
[1 marks/markah]

(iv) State two differences between simple diffusion and X.

Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara resapan ringkas dan X.
[2 marks/markah]

(b) The diagram below shows a plant which is wilting.

Rajah di bawah menunjukkan sebatang tumbuhan yang layu.

State two factors which can cause wilting in plants. Explain briefly how these factors can cause
wilting.
Nyatakan dua faktor yang boleh menyebabkan tumbuhan menjadi layu. Terangkan secara ringkas
bagaimana faktor-faktor ini menyebabkan kelayuan.
[10 marks/markah]

8 Explain briefly the following lipids:

Terangkan secara ringkas lipid yang berikut:
(a) triglycerides / trigliserida
(b)phospholipids / fosfolipid
(c)steroids / steroid
Your explanation should include the following aspects:
Penerangan anda perlu meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:
i. The molecular structure of these lipids
Struktur molekul lipid ini
ii. The properties of these lipids
Sifat-sifat lipid ini
iii. Where these lipids are found in the body
Tempat di mana lipid ini didapati dalam badan
iv. Diagrams of the lipids
Gambar rajah struktur lipid ini.

[20 marks/markah]
9 (a) The diagram below shows two types of complex molecules.
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan dua jenis molekul kompleks.

Based on the diagram, explain

Berdasarkan rajah diberi, terangkan
(i) The formation of molecules X/ pembentukkan molekul X
(ii) The breakdown of molecule Y / penguraian molekul Y
[4 marks/markah]

(b) Give six properties of enzymes.

Berikan enam sifat-sifat enzim.
[6 marks/markah]
(c) Starch, protein and lipids can be hydrolyzed by the enzymes X, Y and Z respectively. The diagram
below shows the effect of pH on the rate of enzyme activity.
Kanji, protein dan lipid masing-masing dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim X, Y dan Z. Rajah di bawah
menunjukkan kesan pH ke atas kadar aktiviti enzim.

Based on the diagram, name enzyme X, Y and Z. Explain how the changes in pH affects enzyme
activity.
Berdasarkan rajah ini, namakan enzim X, Y dan Z. Terangkan bagaimana perubahan pH
menjejaskan aktiviti enzim.
[10 marks/markah]