2 Analisis Pengukuran
A. Perhitungan Umum
1
Ek = mv2 v=
2
Ep = mgh
Em = Ek + Ep
1
Em = mv2 + mgh
2
I. Data Tunggal
Data II
s 67,5 x 102
v2 = = = 45.30201342 x 10-2 m/s
t2 1,47
1 1
Ek2 = m v 22 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (45.30201342 x 10-2)2
2 2
= 65364.88 x 10-7 Joule
Ep2 = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3.9,8.0,1
= 62,426 x10-3 Joule
Em2 = Ek2 + Ep2 = 65364.88 x 10-7 + 62,426 x10-3
= 6.536488 x10-3 + 62,426 x10-3 = 68,962488 x10-3 Joule
= 0.068962 Joule
Data III
s 67,5 x 102
v3 = = = 45.30201 x10-2 m/s
t3 1,49
1 1
Ek3 = m v 23 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (45,30201 x10-2)2
2 2
= 65364,87 x 10-7 Joule
s 67,5 x 102
v4 = = = 46.23287671 x 10-2 m/s
t4 1,46
1 2 1
Ek4 = m v4 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (46.23287671 x 10-2)2
2 2
= 68078.7 x 10-7 Joule
Ep4 = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3.9,8.0,1
= 62,426 x10-3 Joule
Data V
s 67,5 x 102
v5 = = = 45.91837 x 10-2 m/s
t5 1,47
1 2 1
Ek5 = m v5 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (45.91837 x 10-2)2
2 2
= 67155.62001x10-7 Joule
Ep5 = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3 . 9,8 . 0,1 = 62,426 x10-3 Joule
Em5 = Ek5+ Ep5 = 67155.62001x10-7 + 62,426 x10-3
= 6,71556 x 10-3 + 62,426 x10-3
= 68.60156 x 10-3 Joule
= 0.068602 Joule
Data VI
s 67,5 x 102
v6 = = = 45,3020 x 10-2 m/s
t6 1,49
1 2 1
Ek6 = m v6 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (45,3020 x 10-2)2
2 2
= 31,85 x 10 -3 . 2052,271 x 10-4 = 65364,837 x 10-7 Joule
Ep6 = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3 . 9,8 . 0,1 = 62,426 x10-3 Joule
Em6 = Ek6+ Ep6 = 65364,837 x 10-7 + 62,426 x10-3
= 6,5364837 x 10-3 + 62,426 x10-3 = 68,9624837 x 10-3 Joule
= 0.068962 Joule
Data VII
s 67,5 x 102
v7 = = = 46.23287671 x 10-2 m/s
t7 1,46
1 2 1
Ek7 = m v7 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (46.23287671 x 10-2)2
2 2
= 68078.7 x 10-7 Joule
Ep7 = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3.9,8.0,1
= 62,426 x10-3 Joule
Em7 = Ek7 + Ep7 = 68078.7 x 10-7 + 62,426 x10-3
= 6,8078 x 10-3 + 62,426 x10-3
= 69.2338 x 10-3 Joule
= 0.069234 Joule
Data VIII
s 67,5 x 10
2
v8 = = = 45.60811 x 10-2 m/s
t8 1,48
1 1
Ek8 = m v 28 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (45.60811 x 10-2)-2
2 2
= 66251.17 x 10-7 Joule
Ep8 = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3 . 9,8 . 0,1 = 62,426 x10-3 Joule
Em8 = Ek8 + Ep8 = 66251.17 x 10-7 + 62,426 x10-3
= 6,6251 x 10-3+ 62,426 x10-3
= 69.0501 x 10-3 Joule
= 0.06905 Joule
Energi mekanik rata-rata dari perhitungan umum data tunggal berulang yaitu :
Em 1+ Em 2+ Em 3+ Em 4+ Em 5+ Em 6+ Em 7+ Em 8
Em =
8
=
0.068962+ 0.068962+ 0.068962+0.069234 +0.068602+0.068962+0.069234+ 0.06905
8
= 0.068996 Joule
No t
1 1,49
2 1,47
3 1,49
4 1,46
5 1,47
6 1,49
7 1,46
8 1,48
11.81
t 1,47625
Untuk perhitungan data tunggal berulang hasil energy mekanik yang diambil untuk
nilai terbaiknya adalah nilai rata-rata dari t sehingga:
s 67,5 x 102
v = = = 0,46 m/s
t 1,47625
1 1
Ek = m v2 = 63,70 x 10 -3 (0,46)-2
2 2
= 0,00674 Joule
Ep = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3 . 9,8 . 0,1 = 0,0624 Joule
Em = Ek + Ep = 0,00674 + 0,0624
= 0,06914 Joule
Diketahui :
S = 67,5 cm =0,675 m
h1 = 8,4 cm = 0,084 mh2 = 8,5 cm = 0,085 m h3 = 8,1 cm = 0,081 m
h4 = 8,3 cm = 0,083 m h5 = 8,2 cm = 0,082 mh6 = 8,6 = 0,086 m
h7 = 8,7 cm = 0,087 m h8 = 8,8 cm = 0,088 m
t1 = 1,55 s t2 = 1,52 s t3 = 1,66 s t4 = 1,55 s t5 = 1,60 s t6 = 1,61 s
t7 = 1,51 s t8 = 1,50 s
mbenda = 63,70 gram = 63,70 x 10-3 kg = 0.0637 kg
Data I
s 0,675
v1 = = = 0.435484 m/s
t 1,55
1 1
Ek1 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,435484)2
2 2
= 0,00604 Joule
Ep1 = mgh = 0,0637 . 9,8 . 0,084
= 0,052438 Joule
Em1 = Ek1+Ep1= 0,00604 + 0,052438
= 0,058478 Joule
Data II
s 0,675
v2 = = = 0,444079 m/s
t 1,52
1 1
Ek2 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,444079)2
2 2
= 0,006281 Joule
Ep2 = mgh = 0.0637 . 9,8 . 0,085
= 0.053062 Joule
Em2 = Ek2+Ep2 = 0,006281 + 0.053062
= 0,059343 Joule
Data III
s 0,675
v3 = = = 0,406627 m/s
t 1,66
1 1
Ek3 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,406627)2
2 2
= 0,005266 Joule
Ep3 = mgh = 0,0637.9,8. 0,081
= 0,050565 Joule
Em3= Ek3+ Ep3 = 0,005266 + 0,050565
= 0,055831 Joule
Data IV
s 0,675
V4 = = = 0,435484 m/s
t 1,55
1 1
Ek4 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,435484)2
2 2
= 0,00604 Joule
Ep4 = mgh = 0.0637 . 9,8 . 0,083
= 0,051814 Joule
Em4 =Ek4+ Ep4 = 0,00604 + 0,051814
= 0,057854 Joule
Data V
s 0,675
V5 = = = 0,421875 m/s
t 1,60
1 1
E5 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,421875)2
2 2
= 0,005669 Joule
Ep5 = mgh = 0.0637 . 9,8 . 0,082
=0,051189 Joule
Em5=Ek5+ Ep5 = 0,005669 + 0,051189
= 0,056858 Joule
Data VI
s 0,675
V6 = = = 0,419255m/s
t 1,61
1 1
E6 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,419255)2
2 2
= 0,005598 Joule
Ep6 = mgh = 0.0637 . 9,8 . 0,086
=0,051189 Joule
Em6=Ek6+ Ep6 = 0,005598 + 0,051189
= 0,056858 Joule
Data VII
s 0,675
v7 = = = 0,44702 m/s
t 1,51
1 1
Ek7 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,44702)2
2 2
= 0,006364 Joule
Ep7 = mgh = 0.0637 . 9,8 . 0,087
=0,054311 Joule
Em7=Ek7+ Ep7 = 0,006364 + 0,054311
= 0,060675 Joule
Data VIII
s 0,675
v8 = = = 0,45 m/s
t 1,50
1 1
Ek8 = mv2 = 0,0637 (0,45)2
2 2
= 0,00645 Joule
Ep8 = mgh = 0.0637 . 9,8 . 0,088
=0,054935 Joule
Em8=Ek8+ Ep8 = 0,00645 + 0,054935
= 0,061385 Joule
Em 1+ Em 2+ Em 3+ Em 4+ Em 5+ Em 6+ Em 7+ Em 8
Em =
8
=
0,058478+ 0,059343+0,055831+0,057854+ 0,056858+ 0,056858+0,060675+0,061385
8
= 0.05841 Joule
Untuk perhitungan tunggal berulang maka yang diambil untuk nilai terbaik energy
mekanik adalah nilai rata-rata dari t dan h sehingga:
s 67,5 x 10
2
v = = = 0,432m/s
t 1,5625
1 2 1
Ek = mv = 63,70 x 10 -3 (0,432)-2
2 2
= 0,00594 Joule
Ep = mgh = 63,70 x 10 -3 . 9,8 . 0.0845 = 0,0527 Joule
Em = Ek + Ep = 0,00594 + 0,0527
= 0,05864 Joule
B. Perhitungan Ralat
1
Em = mv2 + mgh
2
h s
1
Em = mv2 + mgh
2
s2
Em =
1
2
m ( )t2
+ mgh
h2 +l 2
=
1
2
m ( )
t
2 + mgh
2 2
1 h 1 l
= m + m + mgh
2 t
2
2 t
2
Em = |Emt || t| + |Emh || h|
Em 1 h2 1 l2
= m + m + mgh
t 2 t2 2 t2
1 1
= m h2 t-2 + m l 2 t-2 + mgh
2 2
= -m h2 t-3 + -m l 2 t-3 + 0
= |m h2 ml 2
t3
+ 3
t |
Em 1 h2 1 l2
= m + m + mgh
h 2 t2 2 t2
h
=m + 0 + mg
t2
= | mh
t2
+mg
|
Em = |m h2 ml 2
t
3
+ 3 | t| +
t | | mh
t
2 |
+mg | h|
I. Ralat Tunggal
s 2 = h2 + l 2
l 2 = s2 - h2
l 2
= (0,675)2 (0,2)2
l 2
= 0,455625 0,04 = 0,415625 m
1
h = NST meteran
2
1
= 0,1
2
= 0,05 cm = 5 x 10-4m
1
t = NST Stopwatch
2
1
= 0,01
2
= 0,005 sekon = 5 x 10-3 sekon
| | | |
2 2
m h ml mh
Em = + 3 | t| + +mg | h|
t
3
t t2
= | 0,0637 0,22 0,0637. 0,415625
13
+
| 13 |
|0,005| +
| 0,0637 0.2
1
2 |
+|0,0637.9,8| |0,0005|
= |0.0001451170.0003185|
= 0,000173383 Joule
Em
KTPr = x 100% Ketelitian = 100% KTPr
Em
0,000173383
= x 100% = 100 % - 0,12%
0,139364
0,000173383
= 1log
0,139364
= 3.9 4 AB
Pelaporan = ( Em Em Joule
Diketahui :
l 2
= (0,675)2 (0,1)2 = 0,455625 0,01 = 0.445625 m
1
h = NST meteran
2
1
= 0,1
2
= 0,05 cm = 5 x 10-4m
1
[| | | | ]
2 2
Em 2 Em 2 2
Em= |St| + | h|
t h
[| ]
2 2
| |
2 2
m h ml mh
|
2 2 2
Em = 3
+ 3 |St| + 2 + mg | h|
t t t
No T t2
1 1,49 2,2201
2 1,47 2,1609
3
4
5
1,49
1,46
1,47
2,2201
2,1316
2,1609
St=
t 2 N ( t)2
N (N 1)
6
7
8
1,49
1,46
1,48
2,2201
2,1316
2,1904
St=
St =
17,43578 (1.47625)2
8(81)
0,0046058 sekon
11.81 17,4357
t 1,47625 2,179463 St
KTPr = x 100%
t
Ketelitian = 100% KTPr
0,0046058
= x 100% = 100% 0,3%
1,47625
St
AB = 1log Pelaporan = ( t St )
t
0,0046058
= 1log = ( 1,476
1,47625
0,0046) s
= 3.5 4 AB = 1,476 +
0,0046
= 1,481 sekon
= 1,476 0,0046
= 1,471 sekon
Em =
1
[| |]
2 2 2
0,0637 0,12 0,0637 . 0.445625
1.47625
3
+
1.47625
3 | 2
|0,0046058| +
1.47625|
0,0637. 0,1
2
+ 0,0637.9,8
2
3
0,0005 ||
2
1
= [ 0.0172641 x 107 +2,21264 x 107 ]2
1
= 7 2
[ 2.229904 x 10 ]
= 0.000422186 Joule
Em
KTPr = x 100 Ketilitian = 100%
Em
KTPr
0.000422186
= x 100 = 100% - 0,68%
0.068996
= 0,61 % = 99,39 %
Em
AB = 1log
Pelaporan =( Em Em )
Em
0.000422186
= 1log =( 0.069 0 .0004 Joule
0.068996
= 3,2 3 AB = ( 0.069+0.0004 )
= 0,069 Joule
= ( 0.0690.0004 )
= 0,068 Joule
III. Ralat Berulang
Diketahui :
S = 67,5 cm = 0,675 m
m = 0,0637 kg
No. t h 2
t h
2
1. 1.55 2.4025
2. 1.52 2.3104
3. 1.66 2.7556
4. 1.55 2.4025
5 1.6 2.56
6 1.61 2.5921
7 1.51 2.2801
8 1.5 2.25
12.5 19.5532
t 1.5625 2.44415
No.
1. 0.084 0.007056
2. 0.085 0.007225
3. 0.081 0.006561
4. 0.083 0.006889
5 0.082 0.006724
6 0.086 0.007396
7 0.087 0.007569
8 0.088 0.007744
0.676 0.057164
h 0.0845 0.012703
St=
tN (t)2
N ( N1)
Sh=
hN (h)2
N (N 1)
St=
19.55328(1.5625)2
8(81)
Sh=
0.0571648 (0.0845)2
8( 81)
St=0.019798 s Sh=0.000866 m
St Sh
KTPr = x 100% KTPr = x 100%
t h
0.019798 0.000866
= x 100% = x
1.5625 0.0845
100%
= 1,26 % = 1,02 %
= 98,73 % = 98,97%
St Sh
AB = 1log AB = 1log
t h
0.019798
= 1log =
1.5625
0.000866
1log
0.0845
= 2,8 3 AB = 2,9 3 AB
Pelaporan = ( t St ) Pelaporan = ( h
Sh
l 2
= s2 h 2
l 2
= (0,675)2 (0.0845)
l 2 = 0.448485 m
1
[| | ]
2 2
Em=
m h2 m l 2
t
3
2 m h
+ 3 |St | + 2 +mg |Sh|
t t
2
| | 2
=
1
[| ]
2
|
2 2
0,0637 0.0845 0,0637. 0.448485
|
0,0637. 0.0845
|
2 2 2
3
+ 3
|0.019798| + 2
+ 0,0637.9.8 |0.000866|
1.5625 1.5625 1.5625
= 0.00054 Joule
Em
KTPr = x 100 Ketelitian = 100%
Em
KTPr
0.00054
= x 100 = 100%
0.05841
0,92%
= 0,92 % = 99,07%
Em
AB = 1log
Em)
Pelaporan = ( Em
Em
0.00054
= 1log =( 0.058 0.001 ) Joule
0.05841
= 3,03 3 AB = 0.058+0.001
= 0,059Joule
= 0.0580.001
= 0,057 Joule
Tabel Analisis Regresi ketinggian dan waktu
No h t h^2 t^2 h*t
1 0.084 1.55 0.007056 2.4025 0.1302
2 0.085 1.52 0.007225 2.3104 0.1292
3 0.081 1.66 0.006561 2.7556 0.13446
4 0.083 1.55 0.006889 2.4025 0.12865
5 0.082 1.6 0.006724 2.56 0.1312
6 0.086 1.61 0.007396 2.5921 0.13846
7 0.087 1.51 0.007569 2.2801 0.13137
8 0.088 1.5 0.007744 2.25 0.132
h = 0,676 t2 = 19.5532
t = 12,5 (h)2 = 0.456976
h2 = 0.057164 (t)2 = 156.25
h = 0,0845 ht = 1.05554
t = 1.5625
( h ) ( t 2 ) (h)(ht) n ht( h)(t )
a = b =
2
n h (h) 2
n h2(h)2
a = 2,99 b = -16,9
Maka dari perhitungan tersebut maka dapat diperoleh persamaan yaitu :
y = a + bx
y = -16,9x + 2,99
Maka grafik hubungan yang dihasilkan :
1.65
1.55
1.5
1.45
1.4
0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09
Ketinggian(m)
BAB IV
PENUTUP
4.1 Kesimpulan
4.2 Saran
Sebaiknya pada saat melakukan praktikum dan pengambilan data , praktikan memang
sudah benar-benar siap , baik itu cara kerja atau pun hal-hal yang lain yang
berhubungan dengan percobaannya , sehingga nantinya tidak lagi gagal pada saat
proses praktikum berlangsung.
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
Prasodjo, Budi, dkk. 2006. Teori dan Aplikasi Fisika Kelas VIII. Jakarta : Yudhistira.
Challoner, Jack. 2004. Jendela Iptek Energi, terjemahan Pusat Penerjemahan FSUI.
Jakarta: PT Balai Pustaka.