Abstract Most of the electricity generates throughout the world is from steam power plants. The plant efficiency can be improved
by regeneration which is done by using feedwater heater. It is a shell and tube heat exchanger used for waste heat recovery from steam
power plant. This paper represents mathematical model of high pressure feedwater heater. The heater is divided into three zones:
desuperheating, condensing and, subcooling for the modeling purpose. The same input parameters are given to the Aspen FRAN
software and results are obtained. It is found that the analytical results are close compared to results given by software.
NOMENCLATURE: i inlet
A area, m2 o outlet
Cp specific heat, kJ/kg.K s shell side
d tube diameter, m t tube side
Ds shell inner diameter, m 2. PROBLEM DEFINITION
g gravitational force, m/s2 Table I gives process design data and Table II
gives geometric design data required of feedwater heater.
h heat transfer coefficient, W/m2 K With consideration of these process and geometric
hfg latent heat of vaporization, kJ/kg parameters, the feedwater heater is designed.
3
QI = ms Cps (t hi - t ho ) = mt Cp (t ci - t co ) (1) 0.6 Xl
t Hg turb = 1.25 + + 0.2 1
(Xt 0.85)1.08 Xt
3
X
The properties of tube side and shell side fluids 0.005 t 1 Res1.75 (10)
Xl
are calculated at the arithmetic mean of fluid temperatures
at the inlet and outlet of zone.
Leveque Number is expressed as,
Logarithmic mean temperature difference,
(4Xl Xt )1
Lq = 0.92 Hg. Pr (11)
(thi tco )(tho tci ) Xl Xd
LMTD = (t tco ) (2)
hi
(tho tci )
Nusselt Number can be calculated with help of Leveque
a) Thermal analysis for tube-side: number as follows,
1
Number of tubes: Nu = 0.404 Lq 3 (12)
The flow rate inside the tube (mt ) is a function of the
The heat transfer coefficient for the shell-side is expressed
density of the fluid (t ), the velocity of the fluid (u), cross-
as follows:
sectional flow area of the tube (Ac ), and the number of
tubes (Nt ). ks
hs = Nu . (13)
d0
mt = t . ut . Ac . Nt (3)
Overall heat transfer coefficient:
Tube side Reynolds number: The overall heat transfer coefficient is given by
t ut di
Re = (4) Uo =
1
(14)
t 1 r r r r 1
+Rfo + o .ln o + o .Rfi + o .
hs kt ri ri ri ht
kt
ht = Nu (7) Where,
di
CTP is tube count calculation constant, PR is tube pitch
b) Thermal Analysis for Shell-Side: Pt
ratio given as , CL is tube layout constant, and Ao is
Shell side heat transfer coefficient: do
outside heat transfer area and it can be calculate from
Martin correlation of Hagen number for flow normal to do Nt L.
staggered plain tube bundles is given as [6],
2) Condensing zone (CD): In the condensing zone, the
Res +200 steam condenses in a contact with tubes where it changes
Hg = Hg lam + Hg turb [ 1 exp (1 )] (8) its phase from saturated vapor to saturated liquid and
1000
releases the latent heat of vaporization.
Where, Heat transfer in condensing zone is latent heat exchange,
0.5
(Xl 0.6)2 +0.75 QII = ms . hfg = mt Cp (t ci - t co ) (18)
Hg lam = 140Res
1.6 4X X
(9) t
Xt ( t l 1)
The same input conditions shown in TABLE I changes along the heater because of phase change. The
and TABLE II are given to the Aspen FRAN software variation is also seen due to change in properties of fluid
and the high pressure feed water heater is designed. The with change in properties of fluid with change in
results obtained by analytical calculation and software temperature cannot be considered in analytical method.
are compared. The figure (2) shows results obtained by
5. CONCLUSIONS
Aspen FRAN software.
Sizing of high pressure feedwater heater is done
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION analytically and by using Aspen FRAN software to
A) Temperature profile of fluid along the length of perform required heat duty.
feedwater heater The following conclusions are drawn,
Figure (3) shows the temperature variation for
both shell and tube side along the length of heater. The The maximum amount of heat duty is handled
superheated steam shows a large drop in temperature in in the condensing zone of feedwater heater.
the desuperheating zone. The horizontal line in the Shell side heat transfer coefficient has a large
condensing zone indicates constant temperature and influence on overall heat transfer coefficient
finally a gradual decrease in temperature in the and hence area of feedwater heater.
subcooling zone. While the temperature of tube side
fluid rises gradually along the length of the tube. Fouling factor affects in calculation of surface
area to a large extent.
tube side
350 shell side Condensing zone accounts for maximum
Fluid temperature
(2004).
40
[6] R. K. Shah, Fundamentals of Heat Exchanger Design
20 Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. (2003).
[7] Y. A. Cengel, Heat and Mass Transfer, Third edition,
0 Tata McGraw-Hill, (2010).
SC CD DS
Zones of heater [8] Sadik Kakaq and Hongtan Liu, Heat exchangers: selection,
rating and thermal design, second edition, (2004).
Fig.4. Area of three zones of feedwater heater
[9] Standards of the tubular exchanger manufacturers
Variation in analytical and software results is association, ninth edition, (2007).
seen due to change in velocity of fluid on shell side
IJRME - International Journal of Research in Mechanical Engineering
Volume: 03 Issue: 03 2016 Researchscript.com 5