Since concrete is the basic, most common material for the construction of thin shells,
the requirements of such specific codes as those of the American Concrete Institute
must be followed. Unfortunately, for many years these codes did not address in
specific terms the unique problems related to thin shells, so that in the absence of
special provisions only the common rules on concrete structures could in general be
followed. One major result has been a great thickness for shells being imposed by
minimum cover requirements for steel reinforcement. Naturally, code requirements
vary from country to country, so that although ACI restrictions were enforced in the
United States, shells only three-quarters of an inch thick were legally possible in
Mexico, as demonstrated by the numerous thin shells there by Felix Candela.
The ACI's design provisions for shells and folded plates are covered in Chapter
19 of its code. These include such major topics as definitions, criteria for structural
and model analysis, reinforcement, prestressing, and construction. In separating the
supporting members of a thin shell structure from its whole, the code explicitly
specifies that Chapter 19's provisions apply only on the thin shell portion of the
structure. The edge beams, columns, footings, and other supporting members are
covered by other chapters in the code. Naturally, thin shell designs should also be
controlled by the rest of the code, except for provisions that may conflict with those
in Chapter 19.
*From Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete (ACI 318-89). The full text of
Chapter 19 and its Commentary are reprinted with the permission of the American Concrete
Institute, Detroit.
343
ACI Buildina Code Requirements
[Code] [Commentary]
19.0-NOTATION
Ec = modulus of elasticity of concrete, psi (see
8.5.1)
Fe = specified compressive strength of concrete,
psi
= square root of specified compressive strength
of concrete, psi
= specified yield strength of nonprestressed re-
inforcement, psi
= thickness of shell or folded plate, in.
= develop length, in.
= strength reduction factor (see 9.3)
344
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
[Code] [Commentary]
19.1.3 Thin shells: three-dimensional spatial R 19.1. 3 Common types of thin shells are
structures made up of one or more curved slabs domes (surfaces of revolution), 19.3. 19.6-19.9 cy-
or folded plates whose thicknesses are small lindrical shells, 19.3. 19.6. 19.8. 19.10-19.15 conoids,
compared to their other dimensions. Thin shells 19.6. 19.16-19.18 elliptical paraboloids, 19.6. 19.19 hy-
are characterized by their three-dimensional perbolic paraboloids, 19.3. 19.6. 19.8. 19.19-19.28 and
load-carrying behavior which is determined by groin vauIts.19.3. 19.19. 19.29. 19.30 Considerable in-
the geometry of their forms, by the manner in formation on the experience gained in the de-
which they are supported, and by the nature of sign, analysis and construction of these shells
the applied load. may be found in the cited references.
Less experience is available regarding other
shell types or shapes, including free-form shells.
However, a number of these have been success-
fully built.
Thin shell elements are slabs or plates with
thicknesses less than one-fifth the transverse
width and less than one-twentieth the radius of
curvature on span lengths.
19.1.4 Folded plates: a special class of shell R19.1.4 Folded plates may be prismatic,19.3.
structures formed by joining flat, thin slabs 19.6. 19.31-33 nonprismatic,19.34 or faceted. The
along their edges so as to create a three-dimen- first two types, which are the most common,
sional spatial structure. consist generally of planar thin slabs joined
along their longitudinal edges to form a beam-
like structure spanning between supports. Fac-
eted folded plates, which are much less com-
mon, are made up of triangular and/or poly-
gonal planar thin slabs joined along their edges
to form three-dimensional spatial structures
similar to continuously curved thin shells such
as domes or other shell forms. Only limited ex-
perience is available on the design, analysis, and
construction of faceted folded plates.
19.1.5 Ribbed shells: spatial structures with R19.1.5 Ribbed shells I9.3. 19.35. 19.36 generally
material placed primarily along certain pre- have been used for larger spans where the in-
ferred rib lines, with the area between the ribs creased thickness of the curved slab alone be-
filled with thin slabs or left open. comes excessive or uneconomical. Ribbed shells
also have been used because of the construction
techniques employed and to enhance the aes-
thetic impact of the completed structure.
19.1.6 Auxiliary members: ribs or edge beams R 19.1.6 Most thin shell structures require ribs
which serve to strengthen, stiffen, and/or sup- or edge beams at their boundaries to carry the
port the shell; usually, auxiliary members act shell boundary forces, to assist in transmitting
jointly with the shell. them to the supporting structure, and to accom-
modate the increased amount of reinforcement
in these areas.
345
ACI BUilding Code Requirements
[Code] [Commentary]
19.1.7 Elastic analysis: an analysis of defor- R 19.1. 7 Elastic analysis of thin shells and
mations and internal forces based on equilib- folded plates means any method of structural
rium, compatibility of strains, and assumed elas- analysis which is based on assumptions which
tic behavior, and representing to suitable provide suitable approximations to the three-
approximation the three-dimensional action of dimensional behavior of the structure. The
the shell together with its auxiliary members. method must provide the internal forces and
displacements needed in the design of the shell
proper, the rib or edge members, and the sup-
porting structure. Equilibrium of internal
forces and external loads and compatibility of
deformations must be satisfied.
Methods of elastic analysis based on classical
shell theory, simplified mathematical or analyti-
cal models, or numerical solutions using finite
e1ement,19.37 finite differences, or numerical in-
tegration techniques, are described in the cited
references.
The choice of the method of analysis and the
degree of accuracy required depend on certain
critical factors. These include: the size of the
structure, the geometry of the thin shell or
folded plate, the manner in which the structure
is supported, the nature of the applied load and,
finally, the extent of personal or documented
experience regarding the reliability of the given
method of analysis in predicting the behavior of
the specific type of shell or folded plate.
19.1.8 Inelastic analysis: an analysis of defor- R19.1.8 Inelastic analysis of thin shells and
mations and internal forces based on equilib- folded plates means a refined method of analy-
rium, nonlinear stress-strain relations for con- sis based on the specific nonlinear material
crete and reinforcement, consideration of properties, nonlinear behavior due to the crack-
cracking and time dependent effects, and com- ing of concrete, and time dependent effects
patibility of strains. The analysis shall represent such as creep, shrinkage, temperature, and load
to suitable approximation the three-dimen- history. These effects are incorporated in order
sional action of the shell together with its auxil- to trace the response and crack propagation of a
iary members. reinforced concrete shell through the elastic,
inelastic and ultimate ranges. Such analyses usu-
ally require incremental loading and iterative
procedures to converge on solutions which sat-
isfy both equilibrium and strain compatibil-
ity.19.38 Analysis of this type generally requires
extensive computer time.
346
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
[Code] [Commentary]
19.2.2 Inelastic analyses may be used where it R19.2.2 Inelastic analysis procedures will gen-
can be shown that such methods provide a safe erally require extensive use of computer proce-
basis for design. dures. Several references indicate possible solu-
tion methods.19.~8-19.40
347
ACI Buildino Code Requirements
[Code] [Commentary]
19.2.5 Approximate methods of analysis not R19.2.5 In general, solutions that include
satisfying compatibility of strains either within both membrane and bending effects and satisfy
the shell or between the shell and auxiliary compatibility of strains and equilibriums are
members may be used where it can be shown preferred. Approximate solutions which satisfy
that such methods provide a safe basis for statics but not the compatibility of strains may
design. be used only when extensive experience has
proved that safe designs have resulted from
their use. Such methods include beam-type
analysis for barrel shells and folded plates hav-
ing large ratios of span to either width or radius
of curvature, simple membrane analysis for
shells of revolution, and others in which the
equations of equilibrium are satisfied, while the
strain compatibility equations are not.
However, in complex structures where sev-
eral shells join together, or where shells join
auxiliary members, a more accurate analysis
should be used.
348
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
[Code] [Commentary]
19.2.6 In prestressed shells, the analysis must RI9.2.6 If the shell is prestressed, the analysis
also consider behavior under loads induced must include its strength at factored loads as
during prestressing, at cracking load, and at well as its adequacy under service loads, the
factored load. Where prestressing tendons are load which causes cracking, and the behavior
draped within a shell, design shall take into ac- under loads induced during prestressing. This
count force components on the shell resulting was recommended in ACI 318R-77, 19.2.3,
from tendon profile not lying in one plane. and was moved to the code for clarity. Axial
forces due to draped prestressed tendons may
not lie in one plane and due consideration must
be given to the resulting force components.
The effects of post-tensioning of supporting
members on the shell must be taken into
account.
19.2.7 The thickness h of a thin shell, and its RI9.2.7 In general, Chapter 19 assumes the
reinforcement, shall be proportioned for the use of the strength design method of 8.1.1. On
required strength and serviceability. All ele- this basis the thin shell's thickness and rein-
ments shall be proportioned by the same forcement must be proportioned to satisfy the
method, using either the strength design strength provisions of this code, so as to resist
method of 8.1.1 or the alternate design method internal forces obtained from an analysis, an
of 8.1.2. experimental model study, or a combination
thereof. The thickness of the shell is often dic-
tated not by the requirements of strength, but
by the limitation of deflection of edge members,
by the requirements of stability imposed by
19.2.8, or by the required reinforcement cover
and the construction exigencies.
The necessary thickness and reinforcement
may be also provided by using the alternate
design method prescribed in 8.1.2. The design
method chosen shall be used consistently
throughout the structure.
If composite action is involved, the provi-
sions of Chapter 17 must be satisfied. Chapter
16 applies if elements are precast. When shell or
folded plate elements are precast and connected
by cast-in-place segments, composite action
must be considered.
349
ACI BUilding Code Requirements
[Code] [Commentary]
19.2.8 Shell design shall investigate and pre- R19.2.8 Thin shells, like other structures that
clude the possibility of general or local insta- experience in-plane compressive forces, are
bility. subject to buckling when the applied load
reaches a critical value. Because of the surface-
like geometry of shells, the problem of calculat-
ing buckling load is complex. If one of the prin-
cipal membrane forces is tensile, the shell is less
likely to buckle than if both principal mem-
brane forces were compressive. The kinds of
membrane forces that develop in a shell depend
on its initial shape and the manner in which the
shell is supported and loaded. In some types of
shells, post-buckling behavior must be consid-
ered in determining safety against instability. 19.2
Investigation of thin shells for stability shall
consider the effect of the following factors: (1)
anticipated deviation of the geometry of the
shell surface as built from the idealized, perfect
geometry, (2) large deflections, (3) creep and
shrinkage of concrete, (4) inelastic properties of
materials, (5) cracking of concrete, (6) location,
amount, and orientation of reinforcement, and
(7) possible deformation of supporting ele-
ments.
For shells of moderate size, the smallest
practical shell thickness used in reinforced con-
crete construction is such that the danger of
buckling is usually minimal and simplified anal-
yses suffice. Practical measures to improve re-
sistance to buckling successfully used in the past
include the provision of two mats of rein-
forcement - one near each outer surface of the
shell, a local increase of shell curvatures, the use
of ribbed shells, and the use of concrete with
high tensile strength and low creep.
A practical procedure for determining criti-
cal buckling loads of shells is given in the lASS
recommendations. 19.2 Some recommendations
for buckling design of domes used in industrial
applications are given in ACI Committee 344
Report. 19.5 Approaches for other shells are con-
tained in "Concrete Shell Buckling," ACI
SP_67. 19,42
350
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
[Code] [Commentary]
19.2.9 Auxiliary members shall be designed RI9.2.9 Auxiliary members must be designed
according to the applicable provisions of this in accord with the general provisions of the
code. The design method selected for shell ele- code, using one of the two methods prescribed
ments under 19.2.7 shall also be used for auxil- in 8.1, which is consistent with the design
iary members. A portion of the shell equal to method of the shell elements. Portions of the
the flange width specified in 8.10 may be as- shell may be utilized as flanges for transverse or
sumed to act with the auxiliary member. In longitudinal frames or arch-frames and beams.
such portions of the shell, the reinforcement Such flanges may be curved or sloping. Canti-
perpendicular to the auxiliary member shall be lever action of the flanges must be investigated
at least equal to that required for the flange of a in determining reinforcement in the flange per-
T-beam by 8.10.5. pendicular to the longitudinal axis of the sup-
porting member, as required by Chapter 8. In
all cases, at least the minimum shrinkage and
temperature reinforcement must be used.
19.4.3 The area of shell reinforcement at any R19.4.3 Minimum membrane reinforcement
section as measured in two orthogonal direc- corresponding to slab shrinkage and tempera-
tions shall not be less than the slab shrinkage or ture reinforcement must be provided in at least
temperature reinforcement required by 7.12. two approximately orthogonal directions even
if the calculated membrane forces are compres-
sive in one or more directions.
351
ACI BuiJdina Code Requirements
[Code] [Commentary]
19.4.5 The area of shell tension reinforce- R19.4.5 The requirement that the tensile re-
ment shall be limited so that the reinforcement inforcement yield before the concrete crushes is
will yield before crushing of concrete in com- consistent with 10.3.3. In shells, initial crushing
pression can take place. of the concrete is not likely to occur. However,
it has been suggested that such crushing would
occur in some portions of some shells where the
principal membrane forces are approximately
equal and opposite in sign. It can be shown l9 .45
that a limit on the maximum amount of rein-
forcement effective in resisting the principal
tensile membrane force will insure that the
crushing of concrete does not take place before
the yielding of reinforcement. The limit sug-
gested on the ratio of reinforcement in any por-
tion of shell is the smaller of 0.6f'. J, or 2,400/
J,. These limits are the same as those used in
ACI 318-77 but are expressed here in ratio
form.
352
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
[Code] [Commentary]
19.4.6 In regions of high tension, membrane RI9.4.6 It is generally desirable for all shells
reinforcement shall, if practical, be placed in and particularly important in regions of sub-
the general directions of the principal tensile stantial tension that the directions of reinforce-
membrane forces. Where this is not practical, it ment approximate the directions of the princi-
is permitted to place membrane reinforcement pal tensile membrane forces. However, in some
in two or more component directions. structures it is not always possible or practical
for the reinforcement to follow the stress trajec-
tories. For such cases, orthogonal component
reinforcing is allowed.
19.4.7 If the direction of reinforcement varies RI9.4.7 When the directions of reinforce-
more than I 0 deg from the direction of princi- ment deviate significantly (10 deg) from the di-
pal tensile membrane force, the amount of rein- rections of the principal membrane forces,
forcement may have to be increased to limit the higher strains in the shell must occur to develop
width of possible cracks at service load levels. the capacity of reinforcement. 19.44 This might
lead to the development of unacceptably wide
cracks. The crack width should be estimated
and controlled if necessary.
Permissible crack widths for service loads
under different environmental conditions are
given in the report of ACI Committee 224.19.46
Crack width can be limited by an increase in the
amount of reinforcement used, by reducing the
stress at the service load level, by providing re-
inforcement in three or more directions in the
plane of the shell, or by using closer spacing of
smaller diameter bars rather than wider spaced
larger bars.
19.4.8 Where the magnitude of the principal RI9.4.S The practice of concentrating tensile
tensile membrane stress within the shell varies reinforcement in the regions of maximum ten-
greatly over the area of the shell surface, rein- sile stress has led to a number of successful and
forcement resisting the total tension is to be economical designs, primarily for long folded
concentrated in the regions of largest tensile plates, long barrel vault shells, and for domes.
stress where it can be shown that this provides a The requirement of providing the minimum re-
safe basis for design. However, the ratio of shell inforcement in the remaining tensile zone is in-
reinforcement in any portion of the tensile zone tended to control cracking.
shall be not less than 0.0035 based on the over-
all thickness of the shell.
19.4.9 Reinforcement required to resist shell RI9.4.9 The sign of bending moments may
bending moments shall be proportioned with change rapidly from point to point of a shell.
due regard to the simultaneous action of mem- For this reason, bending reinforcement, where
brane axial forces at the same location. Where required, is to be placed near both outer sur-
shell reinforcement is required in only one face faces of the shell. In many cases, the thickness
to resist bending moments, equal amounts shall required to provide proper cover and spacing
be placed near both surfaces of the shell even for the multiple layers of reinforcement may
though a reversal of bending moments is not govern the design of the shell thickness.
indicated by the analysis.
353
ACI Buildino Code Requirements
[Code] [Commentary]
19.4.10 Shell reinforcement in any direction RI9.4.10 The value of cp to be used is that
shall not be spaced farther apart than 18 in. nor prescribed in 9.3.2.2(a) for axial tension.
five times the shell thickness. Where the princi-
pal membrane tensile stress on the gross con-
crete area due to factored loads exceeds 4cp if.
reinforcement shall not be spaced farther apart
than three times the shell thickness.
19.4.11 Shell reinforcement at the junction of RI9.4.11 and RI9.4.12 On curved shell sur-
the shell and supporting members or edge faces it is more difficult to control the alignment
members shall be anchored in or extended of precut reinforcement. This must be consid-
through such members in accordance with the ered to avoid insufficient splice and develop-
requirements of Chapter 12, except that the ment lengths. Sections 19.4.11 and 19.4.12
minimum development length shall be 1.2t" but specify extra reinforcement length to maintain
not less than 18 in. the minimum lengths on curved surfaces.
19.5 Construction
19.5.1 When removal of formwork is based on RI9.5.1 When early removal of forms is nec-
a specific modulus of elasticity of concrete be- essary, the magnitude of the modulus of elastic-
cause of stability or deflection considerations, ity at the time of proposed form removal must
the value of the modulus of elasticity E. shall be be investigated in order to insure safety of the
determined from flexural tests of field-cured shell with respect to buckling, and to restrict
beam specimens. The number of test speci- deflections. 19.s. 19.47 The value of the modulus of
mens, the dimensions of test beam specimens, elasticity E. must be obtained from a flexural
and test procedures shall be specified by the test of field-cured specimens. It is not sufficient
Engineer. to determine the modulus from the formula in
8.5.1, even if f. is determined for the field-
cured specimen.
19.5.2 The Engineer shall specify the toler- RI9.5.2 In some types of shells, small local
ances for the shape of the shell. If construction deviations from the theoretical geometry of the
results in deviations from the shape greater shell can cause relatively large changes in local
than the specified tolerances, an analysis of the stresses and in overall safety against instability.
effect of the deviations shall be made and any These changes can result in local cracking and
required remedial actions shall be taken to en- yielding which may make the structure unsafe
sure safe behavior. or can greatly affect the critical load producing
instability. The effect of such deviations should
be evaluated and any necessary actions should
be taken promptly.
354
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
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19.13. Bryant, Anthony H., and Scrivener, John C., "Cylindrical Shell Roofs with Draped
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19.19. Parme, Alfred L., "Hyperbolic Paraboloids and Other Shells of Double Curvature,"
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19.20. Candela, Felix, "General Formulas for Membrane Stresses in Hyperbolic Paraboloidal
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355
ACI Building Code Requirements
19.21. Scordelis, Alexander C.; Ramirez, H. D.; and Ngo, D., "Membrane Stresses in
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19.41. Models for Concrete Structures, SP-24, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1970, 448 pp.
19.42. Concrete Shell Buckling, SP-67, American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1981,234 pp.
19.43. Gupta, Ajaya K., "Membrane Reinforcement in Shells," Proceedings, ASCE, V. 107,
STl, Jan. 1981, pp. 41-56.
356
Thin Shells and Folded Plates
19.44. Baumann, T., "On the Question of Multi-Directional Reinforcement of Plate and Shell
Structure," Der Bauingenieur (Heidelberg), V. 97, No. 10,1972 (in German).
19.45. Fialkow, Morris N., "Ductility Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Cylindrical Shells
and Folded Plate Structures," ACI JOURNAL, Proceedings, V. 77, No.2, Mar.-Apr. 1980, pp.
82-86.
19.46. ACI Committee 224, "Control of Cracking in Concrete Structures," (ACI 224R-80),
American Concrete Institute, Detroit, 1980, 42 pp. Also ACI Manual of Concrete Practice, Part 3.
19.47. Tedesko, Anton, "Construction Aspects of Thin-Shell Structures," ACI JOURNAL,
Proceedings, V. 49, No.6, Feb. 1953, pp. 505-520.
357
APPENDIX B
Reprinted with the permission of Engineering Information, Inc. The full text of most of
articles referred to herein can be ordered directly from Engineering Information, Inc., 345
East 47 St., New York, NY 10016.
359
Excerpts from The Eneineerine Index Annual 1989
036954 Numerical Study of Axisymmetric transmit loads to the foundation. The article
Waves in an Elastic Cylindrical Shell discusses the foundation requirements, cutting
Partially Filled with a Viscous Liquid. This and assembling the triangular panels; setting
paper is devoted to a study of the natural steel and applying concrete; interior and
longitudinal-transverse waves in an elastic exterior finishes; and the costs and material
cylindrical shell of the Kirchoff-Love type, quantities.
filled with a viscous compressible liquid. Hurd, M.K. Caner Constr v 33 n 11 Nov 1988 4p.
Direct numerical integration of the equations
of motion is the basis of this study. Examples
of the calculation of the eigenvalues of 036957 Transient Waves in Inhomogeneous
natural and steady oscillations in this Anisotropic Elastic Shells. This paper
formulation of the problem are discussed. For considers the problem of transient wave
a shell with a viscous compressible liquid there propagation in linearly elastic Cosserat shells
are an infinite number of modes with of constant thickness that may be anisotropic
complex eigenvalues. The Wien effect is and inhomogeneous. The methods of rays and
observed for the upper conical waves. 12 Refs. of singular wave curves are combined to find
Nochkin, I.M. (Moscow Inst of Electronics and and integrate the transport equations
Mechanical Engineering, Moscow, USSR); Pashkov, governing growth-decay behavior of the six
LA.; Troyanovskii, I.E. Sov Appl Meek v 24 n 2 Aug possible wave modes. Conditions on material
1988 P 144-148. parameters and wave geometry are obtained
for various different uncouplings of the wave
modes. Some special cases of propagation
036955 Axisymmetric Problem of the conditions and of decay equations are worked
Penetration of a Compressible Fluid by out in detail. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.
Thin Elastic Spherical Shells. This article Cohen, H. (Univ of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manit,
describes the solution of a linear axisymmetric Can); Thomas, R.S.D. Acta Meek v 77 n 1- 2 Apr
problem concerning the penetration of a 1989 p 47-67.
compressible fluid by thin elastic spherical
shells. The problem is solved in four
formulations with different boundary 036958 Elasto/Visco-Plastic Dynamic
conditions on the free surface of the fluid. In Response ofAxisymmetrical Shells Under
the first two formulations, the free surface is Mechanical and/or Thermal Loading. An
assumed to be movable. However, its rise near analytical method for the e1asto/visco-plastic
the penetrating shell is not considered in dynamic problems of axisymmetricaI thin
formulation 1 and is accounted for in shells subjected to mechanical and/or thermal
formulation 2. In the other two formulations, loads is developed. The equations of motion
the free surface is constrained by a rigid and the relations between the strains and
shield in formulation 3 and by a deformable displacements are derived by extending
shield in formulation 4. It is assumed that the Sanders' elastic shell theory. For the
wetted surface of the shell is impermeable to constitutive relations, Perzyna's elasto/visco-
the fluid and that the disturbances generated plastic equations including the temperature
in the fluid by the shell decay at infinity. 6 Refs. effect are employed. The derived fundamental
Kubenko, V.D. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian equations are numerically solved by the finite
SSR, Kiev, USSR); Gavrilenko, V.V. Sov Appl Meek difference method. As numerical examples,
Oct 1988 p 374-384. the simply supported cylindrical shells made of
mild steel are treated and the following two
cases are analyzed: a nonuniform temperature
036956 Geodesic Dome of Polystyrene and cylinder subjected to impulsive internal
Concrete. Structurally, the geodesic dome is a pressure, and an internal pressure cylinder
space truss and is the strongest known subjected to impulsive thermal load. In both
straight-line form enclosing space. It is cases the variations of displacements and
efficient as well as strong; there is no straight- internal forces with time are discussed.
line geometric form that requires less surface (Author abstract)
skin to enclose a given amount of space than Tao, Katsumi (Toyohashi Univ of Technology,
a geodesic dome. In the concrete and Toyohashi, jpn); Takezono, Shigeo; Taguchi,
polystyrene dome described, folds in the Toshihiro; Hotada, Kazuo. ]SME Int] Ser 1 ]SME
concrete shell replace the straight bars. The Int] Ser 1 v 32 v32 n3 n3 jul jul 1989 1989 P
folds, however, act just as the bars would to 341-347.
360
Excerpts from The Eneineerine Index Annual 1989
361
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
Chonan, s. (Tohoku Univ, Sendai, Jpn); Koriyama, cylindrical shells weakened by a curvilinear
H.i Sound Vib v 126 n 3 Nov 8 1988 P 525-532. hole. A modified method of series expansion
in a small parameter is proposed in this paper,
036965 Simplified Method for a which can be utilized in analyzing cylindrical
Hydrodynamic Loading Prediction of an composite orthotropic shells weakened by
Acoustic Wave. This paper discusses existing small and medium elliptical holes. 13 Refs.
methods for the hydrodynamic loading Revenko, V.P. (Scientific-Production Organization,
prediction on a circular cylindrical shell USSR). Sov Appl Meeh Oct 1988 p 368-373.
subjected to an underwater weak shock wave.
To this end, a new, special purpose finite 036968 Fourier Integral Representation of
element program was developed. The new Curvilinear Influence Functions Applied to
program treats the acoustic fluid medium by Surface Structures. The paper proposes the
an equation which defines the incident application of curvilinear influence functions
particle velocity in the fluid in the absence of represented by Fourier integrals to problems
the structure. This is then coupled to the of surface structures. It investigates in detail
structure to yield the total fluid loading. characteristic properties of such integrals.
Tensile pressures are not allowed by Particular attention is called to differentiation
restricting the water pressure to above of the integrals representing functions with
ambient level. (Edited author abstract) 14 Refs. curvilinear discontinuities, as in this case their
Moussouros, Minos (US Naval Surface Warfare distributional features are most visible. The
Cent, Silver Spring, MD, USA). Am Soe Meeh Eng problem is illustrated by an example of an
Pap Preprint - American Society of Mechanical infinite plate. (Author abstract) 12 Refs.
Engineers, Houston, TX, USA, Jan 22-25 1989. Muc, A. (Technical Univ of Cracow, Cracow, Pol);
Publ by American Soc of Mechanical Engineers Zielinski, A.P. Thin-Walled StTuct v 7 n 2 1989 P
(ASME), New York, NY, USA, 1989 OCN12 18p. 85-98.
036966 Inelastic Response of an Infinite 036969 Co Shell Plate and Beam Elements
Cylindrical Shell to Transient Acoustic Free From Their Deficiencies. The author
Waves. The geometrically and constitutively proposes a generally applicable new
nonlinear response of an infinite, circular, formulation which removes all shear and
cylindrical shell submerged in an infinite fluid membrane locking mechanisms from the finite
medium to a transverse, transient acoustic element equations of the structural Co shell,
wave is analyzed. Circumferential Fourier plate, and beam elements. Employment. of full
series solutions are obtained through the integration with the proposed formulatIon
numerical integration of coupled ordinary eliminates also the zero energy modes problem,
differential equations and convolution and!or softening effects, associated with the
integrals. Numerical results are presented in use of the technique of reduced integration in
the form of response histories, response Co plate and shell element applications. The
snapshots, and iso-damage curves for incident formulation proposed is obtained through a
waves of rectangular pressure profile. simple and cost effective scheme. (Edited
Response solutions obtained with the first- author abstract) 52 Refs.
order doubly asymptotic approximation are
compared with their 'exact' counterparts. Briassoulis, Demetres (Agricultural Univ of Athens,
(Edited author abstract) 25 Refs. Greece). Comput Methods Appl Meeh Eng v 72 n 3
Mar 1989 p 243-266.
Geers, T.L. (Univ of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA);
Yen, C.-L. AMD Symp SeT ASME Appl Meek Div v 94 036970 Analysis of Simply-Supported
1988 Large-Scale Interaction Problems, Presented Laminated Circular Cylindrical Shell
at the Winter Annual Meeting of the ASME, Roofs. An elasticity solution has been
Chicago, IL, USA, Nov 27-Dec 21988. p 13-45. presented for the analysis of a laminated
circular cylindrical shell roof with simply.
supported edges, and the displacements and
ANALYSIS stresses of the solution are expressed in terms
of infinite series. A solution according to the
036967 Analysis of the Stress-Strain State of classical shell theory (CST) is also developed.
a Nonshallow-Orthotropic Cylindrical Shell Computations are made for various ratios of
with an Elliptical Hole. The method of midsurface radii to thicknesses and the results
expansion in a series in a small parameter has of the CST have been examined in the light of
been applied successfully in analyzing isotropic the elasticity solution results. (Author abstract)
362
Excerpts from The Ensineerins Index Annual 1989
Ren, J.G. (Changsha lnst of Technology, Hunan, coupled first order differential equations is
China). Compos Struct v 11 n 4 1989 P 277 - 292. solved for each shell substructure using the
Pade approximation for matrix
036971 Continuum-Based Stiffened exponentiation. The substructures are then
Composite Shell Element for Geometrically joined by matching all of the displacement and
Nonlinear Analysis. A continuum-based, force boundary variables. The strength of
laminated, stiffened shell element is used to SSM from the substructure synthesis viewpoint
investigate the static, geometrically nonlinear is demonstrated by analyzing several shell
response of composite shells. The element is structures including a hermetic capsule and a
developed from a three-dimensional continuum refrigeration compressor shell. In all
element based on the incremental, total examples, finite element method (FEM)
Lagrangian formulation. The Newton-Raphson predictions are used to support SSM results.
method or modified Riks method is used to For the compressor shell, SSM results compare
trace the nonlinear equilibrium path. A well with the limited experimental data.
number of sample problems of un stiffened and (Edited author abstract) 58 Refs.
stiffened shells are presented to show the Tavakoli, M.S. (Georgia lnst of Technology,
accuracy of the present element and to Atlanta, GA, USA); Singh, R. ] Sound Vib v 130 n 1
investigate the nonlinear response of laminated Apr 8 1989 P 97 -123.
composite plates and shells. (Author abstract)
28 Refs. 036974 Extending Life of LD Converter
Liao, C.L. (Virginia Polytechnic lnst & State Univ, Vessel. At Kakogawa Works, all three LD
Blacksburg, VA, USA); Reddy,J.N. AlAAJ v 27 n 1 converter vessels were renewed for 1987-
Jan 1989p95-101. 1988 because of working limits caused by shell
deformation. In renewing the vessels, an
036972 Accurate Rigid-Body Modes analytical method was developed to quantify
Representation for a Nonlinear Curved deformation of the barrel shell, which is the
Thin-Shell Element. For certain highly curved dominant factor in vessel life. Based on the
shells, such as bellows, the formulation of a analytical results, an air jet cooling technique
curved-shell finite element with curvilinear and steel plate were developed and applied to
displacement components may fail to properly the new vessels. As a result, it is now possible
model some rigid body modes, even with to extend the life of vessels using a high ratio
either the explicit inclusion of rigid-body terms of MgO-C bricks. (Author abstract) 4 Refs. In
or the use of high-order displacement Japanese.
functions. It is suggested in this paper that the Kita, Ryuji; Nishikawa, Tsuneaki; Okazaki,
rigid-body modes can be properly included if Toshiyuki; Mine, Takao; Nishijima, Akifumi;
the Cartesian displacement components are Kawasaki, Hiroya. R&D Res Dev Kobe Steel Ltd v 39
used. A 48-degree-of-freedom (DOF) curved n 1 Jan 1989 p 61-64.
thin-shell element is formulated, and both the
curvilinear and the Cartesian forms are used 036975 Review on the Analysis of
for this investigation. Examples of the Laminated Shells. Laminated shell structures
nonlinear analyses of a bellows shell and a are increasingly being used in chemical,
spherical cap are given to demonstrate the mechanical, marine and aerospace
advantage of using the Cartesian formulation. applications. A significant amount of research
Curved elements may also suffer from has been conducted in the past on studying
membrane locking, which is caused by the the structural response of these structures. A
inability of an element to bend without review of various investigations on the analysis
stretching. (Edited author abstract) 53 Refs. of these shells is given here. Specifically, this
Yang, T.Y. (Purdue Univ, West Lafayette, IN, review deals with the development of various
USA); Kapania, Rakesh K.; Saigal, Sunil. AlAAJ v 27 theories for modeling the thick laminated
n 2 Feb 1989 p 211-218. shells, including shear effects; analytical
studies, development of various finite elements
036973 Eigensolutions of Joined/Hermetic to model these shells, including applications to
Shell Structures Using the State Space tire modeling; buckling and post-buckling
Method. A substructure synthesis method analysis of perfect and imperfect laminated
based on state space mathematics is proposed shells; and vibration and dynamic response
for the eigensolution of axisymmetric joined/ analysis of various laminated shells. (Author
hermetic thin shell structures. In the state abstract) 157 Refs.
space method (SSM), a system of eight Kapania, R.K. (Virginia Polytechnic Inst & State
363
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
Univ, Blacksburg, VA, USA). J Pressure Vessel in the form of elastically or rigidly fastened
Tecknol Trans ASME v III n 2 May 1989 p 88-96. plates and shallow shells. We employ
Timoshenko's theory of shells. The desired
036976 Geometrically Nonlinear Analysis of unknown functions are represented as series in
Shallow Shells Using Higher Order Finite the coordinate functions, each of which may
Elements. Based on K. Marguerre's shallow not necessarily satisfy the specified attachment
shell theory, a family of higher-order finite conditions for the structure. We employ
elements each consisting of 17 - 25 nodes and solution methods for problems of plates and
with separate in-plane and bending shells based on the use of complete functionals
displacement variables has been developed for and of the contour equation of the domain in
the geometrically nonlinear analysis of shallow setting up the approximating function. (Edited
shells subjected to lateral loads. A step- author abstract) 11 Refs.
iteration Newton-Raphson scheme has been Serazutdinov, M.N. Meek Solids v 23 n 3 1988 P
adopted in solving the final system of 136-14l.
recurrent nonlinear equations. Several
numerical examples, including a spherical cap 036979 Analysis of Simply Supported
and a square shallow shell with surface in Orthotropic Cylindrical Shells Subject to
double sine curves, are presented to Lateral Impact Loads. An analytic solution is
demonstrate the versatility and convenience of given for the problem of simply-supported
the use of higher-order elements in modelling orthotropic cylindrical shells subject to impact
shallow shells and also the sufficient accuracy loading. The closed-form solution has not
of the predictions made by the present been obtained previously. The analysis is based
formulation in the context of geometrically on an expansion of the loads, displacement
nonlinear analysis. (Author abstract) 13 Refs. and rotations in a double Fourier series which
Chan, H.C. (Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong); satisfies the end boundary conditions of
Chung, W.C. Comput Struct v 31 n 3 1989 P simple support. Each expansion is assumed to
329-338. be separable into a function of time and a
function of position. By neglecting in-plane
and rotary inertia the problem becomes a
036977 Nonlinear Analysis of Shell second order ordinary differential equation in
Structures by Degenerated Isoparametric
time for the Fourier coefficients of the radial
Shell Element. Two rotation strategies
deflection. For a given loading impulse the
termed the finite rotation method and the
solution can be found by invoking the
mixed rotation method are proposed to
described the rotation of the shell normal and convolution integral. The results show that
four rotation strategies in the literature are for impact by a heavy mass, the solution is
equivalent to that obtained by an approximate
reviewed. The rotation variables of the finite
procedure of neglecting the mass of the shell,
rotation method are chosen to be the
incremental rotations with respect to the Xl which leads to a simple single degree of
freedom analysis. For problems of impact by
and X2 axes of a moving coordinate system
rigidly tied to the shell. Both the rotation smaller masses, the higher response
frequencies of the cylinder become important.
increments between two successive increments
The impact duration, peak force, and peak
and the rotation corrections between two
deflection relative to the quasi-static response.
successive iterations are used as the
(Edited author abstract) 17 Refs.
incremental rotations. The previous covergent
stress is employed to update the geometric Christoforou, A.P. (Univ of Utah, Salt Lake City,
stiffness matrix and its performance is UT, USA); Swanson, S.R. ASME Aerosp Div Publ AD
compared with that of the standard geometric v 13 Recent Advances in the Macro- and Micro-
stiffness matrix update method. (Edited Mechanics of Composite Materials Structures,
author abstract) 20 Refs. Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the
American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
Hsiao, Kuo-Mo (Nat! Chiao Tung Univ, Hsinchu,
Chicago, IL, USA, Nov 27-Dec 21988. Publ by
Taiwan); Chen, Yeh-Ren. Comput Struct v 31 n 3
American Soc of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),
1989 P 427 -438.
New York, NY, USA, 1988 P 77-84.
036978 On the Analysis of Shallow Shells ANISOTROPY
with Complex Contours. In this paper, we
offer a variational method and some solutions 036980 Membrane Theory for Anisotropic
for the problem of determining the stress- Laminated Shells of Revolution. The
strain state of thin-walled structural elements present paper discusses the derivation and
364
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual J989
application of the membrane theory equations spherical shells with simply supported
governing the small deformation of laminated, boundaries. Numerical examples show that
anisotropic, elastic shells of revolution. The the approach developed in the paper is
equations are derived by use of the Hellinger- effective. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.
Reissner variational principle in conjunction Ye, Jianqiao (Hefei Polytechnical Univ, Hefei, Jpn).
with the asymptotic expansion technique. Appl Math Modelling v 12 n 5 Oct 1988 p 467 - 470.
They are then used to analyze specific shells
under loadings of practical interest. (Author 036984 Optimal Design of a Cylindrical
abstract) 3 Refs. Shell Under Overall Bending with Axial
Logan, D.L. (Rose-Hulman lnst of Technology, Force. The problem of optimal design of a
Terre Haute, IN, USA); Widera, G.E.O. J Pressure cylindrical shell loaded by bending moment
Vessel Technol Trans ASME viii n 2 May 1989 p Mo and axial force N is presented. As a
130-135. criterion of optimality we assume the
minimum value of the cross-sectional area for
BENDING given values of external loadings. In the
general case the shape of the central line of
036981 Plane Bending of a Long Cylindrical the profile and thickness of the wall of a shell
Shell During Simple Thermomechanical are used as design variables. The constraints
Deformation. This paper examines dynamic are connected with strength and with local
processes in a long cylindrical shell-tube in the stability of the wall of a shell. The concept of
case of simple thermomechanical deformation a 'shell of uniform stability' is applied and two
under the influence of mechanical and different types of profiles of uniform stability
thermal loads. Since the shell is long it is are looked for, namely the uniform stability
regarded as a beam with corrected stiffness in profile with variable thickness and a constant
bending, tension, and torsion. Governing thickness profile of uniform stability. (Author
relations for small strains and finite abstract) 9 Refs.
displacements are obtained on the basis of Kruzelecki, Jacek (Technical Univ, Cracow, Pol).
thermodynamic relations from the nonlinear Bull Pol Acad Sci Tech Sci v 36 n 3-4 1988 P
theory of elasticity. Nonlinear equations of 141-150.
motion for the plane bending of such a
shell-tube are obtained. 10 Refs. 036985 Theory and Numerics of Thin
Kayuk, Ya. F. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian Elastic Shells with Finite Rotations. A
SSR, Kiev, USSR); KiI'chinskaya, G.A. Sov Appl bending theory for thin shells undergoing
Mech v 24 n 2 Aug 1988 P 157-162. finite rotations is presented, and its associated
finite element model is described. The
036982 Monomial Test: Testing the Flexural kinematic assumption is based on a Reissner-
Behavior of the Degenerated Shell Mindlin theory. The work-conjugate stress
Element. Shear locking of the degenerated resultants and stress couples are integrals of
shell element is a result of the development of the Biot stress tensor. This tensor is invariant
spurious shear strain by the element, when with respect to rigid body motions and
subjected to high order Kirchhoff therefore appropriate for the formulation of
displacement fields. The shear locking constitutive equations. The rotations are
phenomenon is analyzed in this paper using described by using Eulerian angles. The finite
an analytical test. The effects of the element descretization of arbitrary shells is
integration scheme, order of the element, performed using isoparametric elements. The
order of the modeled Kirchhoff field and the advantage of the proposed shell formulation
element distortion are analyzed explicitly and and its numerical model is shown by
quantitatively for the four-node, eight-node application to different non-linear plate and
and nine-node degenerated shell elements. shell problems. Finite rotations can be
(Author abstract) 23 Refs. calculated within one load increment. Thus
Briassoulis, Demetres (Univ of Illinois, the step size of the load increment is only
Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA). Comput Struct v 29 n limited by the local convergence behaviour of
6 1988 P 949-958. Newton's method or the appearance of
stability phenomena. (Edited author abstract)
036983 New Approach for the Bending 27 Refs.
Problem of Shallow Shell by the Boundary Gruttmann, F. (Univ Hannover, Hanover, West
Element Method. A very simple method is Ger); Stein, E.; Wriggers, P. Ing Arch v 59 n 1 1989
suggested in this paper to analyze shallow P 54-67.
365
Excerpts from The Ennineerinn Index Annual 1989
366
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
367
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
tests on steel and aluminum specimens. uniform external pressure is analysed using
(Edited author abstract) 9 Refs. the spline finite strip method. A Total
Iseki, H. (McMaster Univ, Hamilton, Ont, Can); Lagrangian formulation on the displacement
Sowerby, R.; Bhattacharyya, D.; Gatt, P. J Appl Meeh dependent pressure load in the orthogonal
Trans ASME v 56 n 1 Mar 1989 p 96-104. curvilinear reference frame is derived. An
improvement for the arc-length iteration
036996 Buckling of Edge Damaged, method is presented. The postbuckling
Cylindrical Composite Shells. The stability equilibrium path and the contour map of
of thin composite layered anisotropic equal radial deflection computed an~ in good
cylindrical shells under axial compression is agreement with the experimental and
considered for the case of nonuniform analytical results reported in Esslinger, M. and
boundary conditions. Such conditions are Geier, B., Postbuckling Behaviour of
employed to model the situation where there Structures, Springer-Verlag, Wien, New York,
is edge damage to the shell. The influence of 1975. (Author abstract) 14 Refs.
weakening or a crack at an edge on the Cheung, Y.K. (Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong);
critical buckling load of a variety of single and Zhu, D.S. Thin-Walled Struet v 7 n 3-4 1989 P
multilayered shells is investigated. Results 239-256.
indicate that isotropic shells exhibit a rather
sudden steep reduction in the critical buckling 036999 Non-probabilistic Models of
load for relatively small edge damage. Uncertainty in the Nonlinear Buckling of
However, some anisotropic composite shells Shells with General Imperfections:
may not be so sensitive and, in contrast, only Theoretical Estimates of the Knockdown
a gradual reduction may be brought about by Factor. A nonprobabilistic, set-theoretical
the edge damage. The degree of sensitivity to treatment of the buckling of shells with
edge damage appears to be dependent, in uncertain initial geometrical imperfections is
some complex fashion, on the various presented. The minimum buckling load is
geometric and physical shell parameters. determined as a function of the parameters
(Author abstract) 8 Refs. which describe the (general infinite) range of
Sabag, M. (Technion - Israel Inst of Technology, possible initial imperfection profiles of the
Haifa, Isr); Stavsky, Y.; Greenberg, J.B. J Appl Meeh shell. The central finding of this paper is a
Trans ASME v 56 n 1 Mar 1989 p 121-126. theoretical estimate of the knockdown factor
as a function of the characteristics of the
036997 Bifurcation Buckling of Circular uncertainty in the initial imperfections. Two
Cylindrical Shells Under Uniform External classes of set-theoretical models are employed.
Pressure. This paper presents asymptotic The first class represents the range of
solutions for the eigenvalue problems of variation of the most significant N Fourier
buckling under uniform external pressure of a coefficients by an ellipsoidal set in N-
circular cylindrical shell having an arbitrary dimensional Euclidean space. The minimum
combination of the boundary conditions for buckling load is then explicitly evaluated in
the simply supported, clamped, and free ends. terms of the shape of the ellipsoid. (Edited
A simple formula for the buckling pressure is author abstract) 29 Refs.
derived, which is shown to be accurate Ben-Haim, Yakov (Technion - Israel Inst of
enough for engineering purposes by Technology, Haifa, Isr); Elishakoff, Isaac. J Appl
comparison with available results. The Meeh Trans ASME v 56 n 2 Jun 1989 p 403 -41 o.
eigenvalues calculated for all possible
combinations of the boundary conditions show 037000 Post-buckling Behavior and
that the buckling pressures are affected Imperfection Sensitivity of Spherical Shells
significantly by the presence of a free end as Based on Nonlinear Elastic Stability
well as axial constraint at a supported end. Theory. Using the nonlinear elastic stability
(Author abstract) 17 Refs. theory and its applications to shells, we have
Koga, Tatsuzo (Univ of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Jpn); investigated the post-buckling behavior and
Morimatsu, Shigeyuki. AIAA J v 27 n 2 Feb 1989 p imperfection sensitivity of spherical shells with
242-248. amplitude modulation. For this purpose, we
assume that the buckling modes have the
036998 Postbuckling Analysis of Circular form of Legendre polynomials with an
Cylindrical Shells Under External exponential function as a modulating factor.
Pressure. The postbuckling behavior of We use a numerical analysis technique with
circular cylindrical shells of finite length under high precision. The amplitudes of the post-
368
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
buckling modes and the critical loading design procedure is suggested. (Edited author
factors of the spherical shell with various abstract) 15 Refs. In German.
imperfection modes are presented. (Edited Knoedel, Peter (Univ Karlsruhe, Karlsruhe, West
author abstract) 10 Refs. Ger); Maierhoefer, Dieter. Stahlbau v 58 n 3 Mar
Fan, Q.S. (Tsinghan Univ, Beijing, China). 1989 p 81-86.
Thin-Walled Struct v 8 n I 1989 P 1-18.
037004 Experimental Investigation on the
037001 Postbuckling Analysis of Shells by Dynamic Buckling of a Cylindrical Shell
Spline Finite Strip Method. The postbuckling Due to Seismic Excitation. (lst Report:
analysis of shells is studied by the spline finite Plastic Buckling Due to Bending Load). The
strip method. The selection of higher order fundamental characteristics of plastic dynamic
terms in the incremental variational principle buckling of a thin cylindrical shell due to
is discussed. An improvement on the arc- seismic excitation, where bending load was
length iteration method is presented. The predominant, were clarified experimentally.
examples all demonstrated the versatility and The relationship between seismic response
accuracy of the present method. The displacement acceleration, strain of cylindrical
computed results for a circular cylindrical shell model and input acceleration was
shell under axial compression correlate very investigated. The dynamic buckling load was
well with the experiment results. (Author compared with that for static buckling, and
abstract) 15 Refs. the differences between them were discussed
Zhu, D.S. (Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong); as well as the threshold for postbuckling.
Cheung, Y.K. Comput Struct v 31 n 3 1989 P (Author abstract) 6 Refs. In Japanese.
357-364. Fujita, Katsuhisa; Ito, Tomohiro; Wada, Hiroshi.
Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu C Hen v 55 n 515
037002 Transverse Shear Effects in Stability Jul 1989 P 1634-1637.
Problems of Laminated Shallow Shells. This
paper presents the analysis of the accuracy of 037005 New Solution for Vessel Liner
the classical shell theory in the prediction of Buckling Analysis. The thermally
buckling loads of laminated shallow shells of constrained and perfectly confined cylindrical
revolution loaded by external pressure or shell finds its critical buckling load in infinity.
axially compressed. The shells studied are Disturbances such as shape or support
circular cylinders, barrels, inverse barrels and imperfections are required to yield finite
spherical sections. In each case the boundary critical buckling loads. Based on a conservative
conditions are simple supports. (Author imperfection model, the new solution allows
abstract) 7 Refs. the quantification of the influence of
Muc, Aleksander (Univ of Liverpool, Liverpool, imperfections on buckling stress. As a large
Engl). Compos Struct v 12 n 3 1989 P 171-180. deflection solution, it follows the load
displacement path under increasing prestress
037003 Zur Stabilitaet von ZyIindern Vnter up to neutral equilibrium. Thus, the
Axiallast und Randmomenten. [Stability of occurrence of subcritical limit load conditions
Cylindrical Shells V nder Axial Loads and due to non-linear bending can be determined.
Edge Moments]. Existing methods of (Edited author abstract) 12 Refs.
determining the critical axial loads of Tschiersch, R.T. (Thyssen Henrichshuette AG,
cylindrical shells take into account only the Hattingen, West Ger); Huessler, W. ASME Pressure
membrane stress state. However, parts of the Vessels Piping Div Publ PVP v 139 Design and
shell structures are loaded by additional edge Analysis of Piping, Pressure Vessels and
moments. These result from external forces, Components, 1988, Presented at the 1988 ASME
from the edge conditions themselves or from Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Pittsburgh,
the deviation of the membrane forces due to PA, USA,Jun 19-23 1988. Publ by American Soc
a break in the generatrix. This paper reports of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY,
on a study, which investigated the influence of USA, 1988 P 133-138.
edge moments on the nonlinear bifurcation
loads of axially compressed cylinders. Edge 037006 Static Buckling of the Shells of
moments are shown to reduce the bifurcation Revolution Due to the Asymmetric
load irrespective of the length of the cylinder. Loading. Finite element buckling analysis
The results obtained were approximated by program of the shells of revolution under an
easy to handle formulas. After some remarks asymmetric loading was developed. In this
on the imperfection sensitivity, a practical program, the buckling mode for asymmetric
369
Excerpts from The Eneineerine Index Annual 1989
370
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
boundary value problem for linearized coordinate axes of the shell. To expand the
equations was solved by the method of initial possibility of the model for evaluating the
parameters with the use of Godunov's stress-strain state at the microscopic level, the
procedure for orthogonalization. Two cases order and number of resolvent equations
are given: a shell with a movable head made by were independent of the number of layers as
spiral winding wherein the initial form of the well as the ratio of the physico-geometric
shell is designed as being equilibrium for a properties. In this paper, the model is
recticular shell with a geodesic winding, and a generalized to the case of laminated shallow
geodesic shell wound on a mandrel of the same shells made of anisotropic layers. The model
profile for which the strains were calculated considers transverse shear and compression,
under internal pressure and a compressive tangential and normal forces of inertia, and
force applied to the head. The method makes geometric nonlinearity. Kinematic hypotheses
it possible to determine the geometry of the are introduced to reduce the three-
shell and its stress state. 6 Refs. dimensional problem to two dimensions. Two
Biderman, V.L. (N.E. Bauman Moscow Higher examples illustrating the ability of the model
Technical lnst, USSR); Mart'yanova, G.V.; Sorokin, to reflect the three-dimensional nature of the
F.D. Meek Compos Mater v 23 n 5 Mar 1988 p stress-strain state of multilaminate plates and
579-585. shells are examined. 12 Refs.
Prisazhnyuk, V.K. (Kiev Highway lnst, USSR);
037012 Optimization of Structures of Piskunov, V.G. Meek Compos Mater v 23 n 6 May
Reinforced Cylindrical Shells Made of 1988 p 719-726.
Composites. A method is given for selecting
the parameters for the design optimization of 037014 Analysis of Thermoelastic Stresses
reinforced cylindrical shells which satisfies the in Laminated Shells of Double Curvature. A
system of restrictions and minimizes the target curvilinear coordinate system was used to
function. The active physical restrictions construct a model describing the thermoelastic
included general and local stability, the stresses in laminated shells of double
strength of the material of the cloth of the curvature. It was assumed that the stresses
shell, and the reinforcing set. The design and depended linearly on strains and temperature.
technological restrictions imposed on the Near the edges of the outer layer the shell
geometrical parameters of the shell were also element was regarded as two finite elements;
taken into account. Two possible forms of the one element modeled the packet of inner
loss of stability of the reinforced shells were layers and the second modeled the outer shell
evaluated. Strength calculations of the cloth layer. The solution of the thermoelastic
were based on a macromodel according to problem satisfied the condition of the
which the load-carrying capacity of the entire minimum of potential energy of the shell.
packet was exhausted when the limiting stress Shear stress distributions were determined.
state was reached in at least one layer. An The method was applied to a stiff cylindrical
algorithm was constructed for optimum design shell with a thin outer layer heated uniformly
on the basis of heuristic combinatorial analysis. from within. The stresses determined on the
It was shown that longitudinal-transverse edge of the outer layer were compared with
reinforcement in respect of mass is 1.5-2.0 results of holographic measurements of strains
times more effective than the unidirectional of a steel shell with a sheet made of carbon-
longitudinal reinforcement. 4 Refs. fiber plastic stuck to it and were found to
Tomashevskii, V.T. (Marshall A.A. Grechko Naval agreed qualitatively with the experimental
Military Acad, Leningrad, USSR); Anufriev, A.P.; data. 4 Refs.
Shalygin, V.N.; Yakovlev, V.S.; Kalimulin, R.l. Meek Bakulin, V.N. (S. Ordzhonikidze Moscow lnst,
Compos Mater v 23 n 5 Mar 1988 p 603-607. USSR); Kaledin, V.O.; Rassokha, A.A. Meek Compos
Mater v 23 n 6 May 1988 p 732-737.
037013 Model of Composite Shallow Shells
and Plates for Solving Problems of Statics, 037015 Axisymmetric Divergence of
Dynamics, and Contact Interaction. In an Ring-stiffened Composite Cylindrical Shells
earlier paper, the authors constructed a Subject to Axial Compression. Static
theory for the evaluation of the stress-strain aeroelastic instability of structures, which is
state of composite structures for the case of also called divergence, represents an important
laminated composite shallow shells and plates theoretical and practical problem. Divergence
of orthotropic materials in which the principal of composite structures has been intensively
directions of orthotropy coincided with the studied due to increasing utilization of
371
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
composite materials in the aerospace industry. three-layer plastic structures fabricated from
In this paper, axisymmetric divergence of an ideally plastic material that obeys the Hill
simply supported, internally ring-reinforced plasticity condition. We also compare designs
composite shells is considered. The shell is obtained by the constant-dissipation method
subject to an air flow, directed parallel to the and equal-strength designs; we demonstrate
shell axis, and to static axial loading. The that equal-strength designs display a greater
analytical conditions of divergence are volume of the supporting layers. For the
obtained both for discrete ring stiffeners and sandwich shells considered here, equal-
based on the smeared stiffeners technique. 4 strength designs are understood to mean
Refs. those for which, at each meridian point, the
Birman, Victor (Univ of New Orleans, New plasticity condition is realized as an equality in
Orleans, LA, USA).] Appl Meek Trans ASME v 55 one of the supporting layers, and as a
n 4 Dec 1988 p 984-985. nonstrict inequality in the other. (Edited
author abstract) 16 Refs.
037016 Design of Composite Cylindrical Nemirovskii, Yu.V.; Shul'gin, A.V. Meek Solids v 23
Vessels for Fluid Loading. A theoretical n 51988 P 104-112.
approach is presented to examine the problem
of the fluid loading of a simply supported
037019 Finite-element Method in Problems
Glass Reinforced Plastic (GRP) composite
cylindrical pipe. The shell layup is composed of Nonline Deformation of Reinforced
of specially orthotropic layers, the Shells of Arbitrary Shape. A method of
calculation of reinforced shells of arbitrary
arrangement of which may be nonsymmetrical
shape is proposed. It applies the finite element
through the wall thickness. The theory is
method to problems of nonlinear deformation
developed using Sanders' thin shell theory,
of these shells and it is based on specification
neglecting the effect of transverse shear. An
example of the use of the method is given, of primary geometrical information regarding
where the behavior of a horizontal pipe is the object. Such information can be provided
examined when it is partially or totally filled by the radius vectors of the nodes of the
elements and the positions of the unit normal
with fluid. Three layups are examined, one of
an isotropic construction using chopped vectors to the surface at these nodes.
strand mat (CSM) and two of a laminated Differences in the geometry of the shells
construction. (Author abstract) 5 Refs. under consideration are unimportant from the
standpoint of algorithmization of the
Banks, W.M. (Univ of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scod); calculations, since the same node-by-node
Tooth, A.S.; Wilson, P.M.] Pressure Vessel Teeknol information is required for calculations. A
Trans ASME v III n 2 May 1989 p 102-108. universal approach can &pan an extensive class
of calculation problems for reinforced shells
037017 Shear Deformable Theory of of arbitrary shape, operating in the large-
Laminated Composite Shallow Shell-type displacement region. As an example the
Panels and Their Response Analysis: II. problem of compression of a cylindrical panel
Static Response. In the second part of this of rectangular shape is considered. The
paper, by using the static counterparts of the method used allows the problem to be solved
governing equations derived in Part I, the for arbitrary elastic displacements.
static response of shallow composite shell-type
panels subjected to a sinusoidal transverse Kuznetsov, V.V.; Soinikov, Yu.V. Meek Solids v 23
load is investigated. The numerical n 31988 P 129-135.
applications, encompassing a large number of
boundary conditions and various lamination 037020 Hygrothermal Effects on the
schemes, allow one to obtain some conclusions Stability of a Cylindrical Composite Shell
which are formulated in the paper. (Edited Panel. In this paper the finite element
author abstract) 1 Ref. method is applied to study the problem of
Khdeir, A.A. (Virginia Polytechnic lost & State moisture and temperature effects on the
Univ, Blacksburg, VA, USA); Librescu, L.; stability of a general orthotropic cylindrical
Frederick, D. Acta Meek v 77 n 1- 2 Apr 1989 p composite shell panel subjected to axial or
1-12. in-plane shear loading. The element employed
is a 9-node isoparametric shell element. Since
037018 Sandwich Shells of Absolute the hygrothermal effects on the elastic
Minimum Volume. We consider a number of properties of the matrices and the fibers are
new solutions of optimal design problems for very different, the degrading of the matrices
372
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
and the fibers are very different, the Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY,
degrading of elastic moduli, the transverse USA, 1988 P 71-76.
shear effect and the induced initial stress are
all considered in the present study. Numerical 037022 Divergence Instability of Reinforced
investigation shows that if the temperature Composite Cylindrical Shells. Divergence
increase from 300 K to 422K and the
0 instability of a simply supported orthotropic
moisture concentration is saturated, the composite shell reinforced in both axial and
buckling load with both the degrading of circumferential directions is considered. The
elastic moduli and transverse shear shell is subject to an axial static load and to an
deformation considered is approximately 12% action of an outside supersonic gas flow in the
lower than Snead/Papazoto's result where direction parallel to the shell axis. Two
only the degrading of elastic moduli is variants of the solution considered in the
considered. (Edited author abstract) 10 Refs. paper include discrete widely spaced stiffeners
Lee, S.Y. (Nat! Cheng-Kung Univ, Tainan, and closely spaced stiffeners; the latter case
Taiwan); Yen, W.J. ASME Aerosp Div Publ AD v 13 can be treated using a smeared stiffeners
Recent Advances in the Macro- and Micro- technique. It is proven that divergence
Mechanics of Composite Materials Structures, instability of shells treated by smeared
Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the stiffeners technique can occur only if they are
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, subject to axial compressive loads exceeding
Chicago, IL, USA, Nov 27 - Dec 2 1988. Publ by the static buckling value. (Author abstract) 9
American Soc of Mechanical Engineers (AS ME), Refs.
New York, NY, USA, 1988 P 21-31. Birman, V. (Univ of New Orleans, New Orleans,
LA, USA). ASME Aerosp Div Publ AD v 13 Recent
037021 Delamination Effects on Composite Advances in the Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of
Shells. An analytical investigation was Composite Materials Structures. Presented at the
performed to study the effect of delamination Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of
on the response of cylindrical composite shells Mechanical Engineers, Chicago, IL, USA, Nov
subjected to external loadings. It was of 27 - Dec 2 1988. Publ by American Soc of
particular interest to determine the buckling Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY,
load and the post-buckling behavior of USA, 1988 P 169-175.
externally pressurized cylindrical composite
shells containing delamination. An analytical 037023 Failure Prediction for Composite
model was developed which consists of a Shells: Shear Deformable Finite Element
structural analysis for calculating the global Formulation. Piecewise smooth stress-based
deformations of the structures and a fracture failure criteria are implemented in a shear
analysis for determining the delamination deformable finite element formulation. Both
growth in the structures. A nonlinear finite plate and shell elements are utilized to
element code based on the updated Lagrange represent thin to moderately thick laminated
formulation was developed for the model. structures. Accurate stresses are obtained both
Based on the results of calculations, it was in the plane of each ply as well as in the
found that delamination can significantly through-the-thickness direction. Such stress
effect the buckling load and response of information is essential in differentiating
cylindrical composite shells subjected to between fiber, matrix and delamination
externally pressurized loadings, depending failures. (Author abstract) 14 Refs.
upon the initial length and location of the Engblom, JJ. (Texas A&M Univ, College Station,
delamination, ply orientation and laminate TX, USA). ASME Pet Div Publ PD v 24 Composite
curvature. The calculated strain energy Material Technology 1989, Twelfth Annual
release rate at the crack tips indicates that Energy-Sources Technology Conference and
delamination growth occurs at the wake of Exhibition, Houston, TX, USA, Jan 22 - 25 1989.
buckling due to Mode II shear fracture. Publ by American Soc of Mechanical Engineers
(Author abstract) 24 Refs. (ASME), New York, NY, USA, 1988 P 37-41.
Chang, F.-K. (Stanford Univ, Stanford, CA, USA);
Kutlu, Z. ASME Aerosp Div Publ AD v 13 Recent 037024 Computer-Aided Manufacturing of
Advances in the Macro- and Micro-Mechanics of Filament-Wound Composite Shells. An
Composite Materials Structures, Presented at the interactive CAM system developed for
Winter Annual Meeting of the American Society of automated manufacturing of filament-wound
Mechanical Engineers, Chicago, IL, USA, Nov axisymmetric shells is reported.
27 - Dec 2 1988. Publ by American Soc of Microprocessors are designed to drive motors
373
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
for multi-axes control of mandrel rotation, dihedral angles of n-frequency spherical and
carriage and cross feeder translations, and eye ellipsoidal octahedral and icosahedral geodesic
rotation. A personal computer system is used domes with or without truncation, for plotting
as host and has software to initiate the orthographic and axonometric projections,
microprocessors, to supervise the motions of and for tabulating the chord lengths and
the rotating mandrel and of the robot-like dihedral angles for sawing the structural
assembly of carriage, cross feeder, and eye. elements for construction. (Author abstract) 4
Operator interactive capability of the software Refs.
make it possible to manually interrupt and Teter, W.D. (Univ of Delaware, Newark, DE,
perform on-the-spot adjustment and reset. USA); Nicholls, R.L. Bull Int Assoc Shell Spat Struct
The variety of filament-wound shells made by v 29-2 Aug 1988 P 47-53.
this automated system is reported. (Edited
author abstract) 12 Refs. 037027 Das System VWMESH zur
Pao, Y.C. (Univ of Nebraska, Lincoln, NB, USA); Idealisierung von Tragstrukturen im
Karamooz, S.; Spencer, B.E.; Keester, PJ. Comput CAE-Konzept. [VWMESH System for an
Eng Proc Int Comput Eng Con! Exhib v 1 (of 2), Ideal Design of Supporting Structures in the
Proceedings of the 1989 ASME International CAE Concept. Presentation of an Interactive
Computers in Engineering Conference and Module for the Eiasto-Mechanical Ideal
Exposition, Anheim, CA, USA, Jul 30-Aug 3 Design of Thin-walled Supporting
1989. Publ by American Soc of Mechanical Structures, Available for Instance in the
Engineers (ASME), New York, NY, USA, 1989 P CAD Medium in Carbody Design, Aircraft
553-557. Construction, Mechanical Engineering or in
the Shipbuilding Sector]. The development
COMPUTER AIDED ANALYSIS of weight and cost optimized supporting
structures requires an early safe statement on
037025 Strength Analysis Algorithm of the performance criteria of the component
Discrete Stiffened Conic Shells. Computer which must be made available to the designer
aided analysis algorithm is developed for the in the design phase by way of suitable
stressed-strain state of circular conic shells of forecasting media. To this end the most
irregular structure stiffened by stringers and important test results obtained by the
frames under the effect of arbitrary loads application of modern simulation methods
applied to the frames. The problem solution must be brought to the attention and desk of
is obtained in the Fourier series using the the designer and must be made available for
method of the matrix pass by means of the interpretation without passing the construction
computer BESM-6-programmed algorithm. stage before. For the physical relationships
Contrary to known algorithms of the method which can be forecast by means of the FEM
of finite elements the suggested algorithm analysis idealizing networks are needed for
does not need considerable expenditures of the original structure. (Edited author abstract)
machine time and time for preparation of the 7 Refs. In German.
initial data necessary for the calculation. A Sorgatz, Ulrich (RWTH, Aachen, West Ger);
stressed state in the casting of the shell Deuter, Helmut. VDI Z v 131 n 3 Mar 1989 p 26-32.
supported as a cantilever under the effect of
tangential concentrated load, the effect of the 037028 Modeling of Plate and Shell
shell taper angle and frame elasticity on this Structures with P-Version of the FEM. Finite
state are investigated. The beam theory to element models for the analysis of plates and
calculation of broad fuselage of planes under shells, based on the concept of hp-extension
the effect of local forces is shown to be are presented. A methodology for the control
nonapplicable. (Author abstract) 4 Refs. In and analysis of the error of the finite element
Russian. solution is developed. Numerical results
Kabanov, V.V.; Levitskaya, T.E. Probl Prochn n 7 obtained using the proposed methodology are
Jul 1988 P 97 -100. given. (Author abstract) 16 Refs.
Sahrmann, Glenn J. (Sverdrup Technology Inc,
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN Middleburg Heights, OH, USA). Comput Util Stroct
Eng Computer Utilization in Structural
037026 Geodesign: A Computer Program Engineering, Proceedings of the sessions at
for Geodesic Dome Geometries. A computer Structures Congress '89, San Francisco, CA, USA,
algorithm is described for obtaining the May 1-51989. Publ by ASCE, New York, NY,
coordinates of vertices, chord factors, and USA, 1989 p 277-285.
374
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
375
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
was used as the parameter characterizing the orthotropic plastic theory by Hill are
process of corrosion failure of the surface. employed in the creep range. The creep
Algorithms were constructed and used to strains are related to the stresses by McVetty's
develop a program in FORTRAN-4 language equation with a thermal effect multiplier by
with the use of which a series of problems was Arrhenius. The basic differential equations
solved. The method makes it possible to quite derived are numerically solved by a finite
effectively evaluate the behavior of shells of difference method. As a numerical example,
nonlinearly elastic materials in a corrosive the creep of a two-layered, anisotropic
medium with the relationship of the properties cylindrical shell composed of mild steel and
of the material and the corrosion rate to stainless steel subjected to uniform internal
temperature. 4 Refs. pressure is analyzed. (Edited author abstract)
Ovchinnikov, I.G. (Saratov Polytechnic lnst, USSR); 14 Refs. In Japanese.
Garbuz, E. V. Sov Mater Sci v 23 n 4 Jan 1988 p Takezono, Shigeo; Migita, Kohji. Nippon Kikai
405-408. Gakkai Ronbunshu A Hen v 54 n 507 Nov 1988 p
2019-2027.
037034 Optimization of the Life and Cost of
Cylindrical Shells Subject to Mechanical and DEFECTS
Chemical Failure. The purpose of this work
is to create mathematical models of 037036 Plates and Shells with Crack-like
optimization of cylindrical shells for general Flaws. The formulation of new hierarchial
cases in which the corrosion rate is a function finite elements for the analysis of laminated
of stresses. A thin-walled cylindrical shell of plates and shells in the presence of flaws are
specified radius and length and pivotsupported discussed. The performance of the elements is
on the ends and compressed with an axial elevated with the help of a number of
load was taken as the model structure. Two example problems and the results available in
optimization problems were formulated. The the published literature. (Author abstract) 19
first, in which the corrosion rate was assumed Refs.
as a linear function of the stress intensity, was
Basu, P.K. (Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN, USA);
written in the form of linear mathematical
Ahmed, N.U.; Woo, K.S. Comput Vtil Struct Eng
programming. The second, in which the
Computer Utilization in Structural Engineering,
limitation in time was introduced, was
Proceedings of the sessions at Structures Congress
formulated in the form of nonlinear
'89, San Francisco, CA, USA, May 1- 5 1989. Publ
programming and accounted for both the
by ASCE, New York, NY, USA, 1989 P 286-295.
initial cost and expenditures made on the
structure at various times. Certain results of
calculation using the two models are DEFLECTION
considered. 5 Refs.
Zelentsov, D.G. (Ferrous Metallurgy Mechanization 037037 Deflection and Snapping of Ring-
Scientific & Production Union, Dnepropetrovsk, Loaded Spherical Caps. The axisymmetric
USSR); Pochtman, Yu. M. Sov Mater Sci v 23 n 4 behavior of both shallow, and deep, ring-
Jan 1988 p 400-412. loaded spherical caps, which are simply
supported but otherwise unconstrained at
CREEP their edges, is investigated using a large-strain
shell theory based on a variational principle.
037035 Creep of Anisotropic Multi-Layered A numerical technique is used to extract the
Moderately Thick Shells of Revolution. This solution. Particular attention is paid to highly
paper describes an analytical formulation and nonlinear phenomena such as snapthrough,
a numerical solution for creep problems of single and multiple snapback, and load-free
anisotropic multilayered moderately thick everted states. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.
shells of revolution with application to a Brodland, G. Wayne (Univ of Waterloo, Waterloo,
cylindrical shell. The analytical formulation is Ont, Can); Cohen, H. J Appl Mech Trans ASME v
developed by extending the Reissner-Naghdi 56 n 1 Mar 1989 p 127-132.
theory for elastic shells with consideration
given to the effect of shear deformation. For 037038 Elastic-Plastic Large Deflection
the constitutive relation, Hooke's law for Analysis of Axisymmetric Shells. A new
orthotropic materials is used in the elastic finite element formulation for elastic-plastic
deformation, and equations based on the large deflection analysis of shells of revolution
orthotropic creep theory derived from the is presented. The new formulation contains
376
Excerpts from The Ennineerinn Index Annual 1989
most of the best features of nonlinear finite orthotropic layers of variable thickness. The
element analyses currently available in the shells were deformed by shock loads. This
literature, together with some new numerical method is based on a Timoshenko-type
schemes to improve the capability, accuracy geometric equation of nonlinear shell theory
and speed of the computation. It is thoroughly and physical relations from the theory of
verified using a variety of problems. The effective moduli. The boundary value problem
doubly curved thin shell finite element used was solved by finite difference discretization
has been widely applied to linear elastic stress of the Lagrange-D'Alembert variational
analysis and linear stability analysis by the equation and by integrating over time.
present authors and their co-workers. In place Equations of motion were obtained.
of the widely-used relations of Donnell, Computations were performed on a BESM-6
Novozhilov or Sanders, more comprehensive computer. Experimental and numerical results
nonlinear thin shell strain-displacement were compared. For the experiment the
relations are used, which account for dynamic deformation of a viscoelastic shell of
nonlinear strains caused by in-plane poly methyl methacrylate was used. The shells
displacements. Unlike most previous nonlinear were formed by multiple-zone spiral winding
axisymmetric shell formulations, in-plane of glass-plastic strip. It was found that by
shearing is included throughout the treatment. varying the number of zones and layers in the
For plastic analysis, a multi-layered approach winding, the stress level in the region of the
is adopted employing the Prandtl-Reuss pole opening could be reduced. 15 Refs.
normal flow rule with isotropic hardening or Abrosirnov, N.A. (Gorkii State Univ, Gorky, USSR).
perfect plasticity. (Edited author abstract) Meeh Compos Mater v 23 n 4 Jan 1988 p 447 - 453.
Teng, J.G. (Univ of Sydney, Sydney, Aust); Rotter,
J.M. Comput Struet v 31 n 2 1989 P 211-233. 037041 Nonlinear Theory of the Central
Bending of Three-Layer Shells with Defects
037039 Assumed Strain Finite Element in the Form of Sections of Bonding
Model for Large Deflection Composite Failure. Thin three-layer shells with a
Shells. A nine node finite element model has light-weight filler and having sections of
been developed for analysis of geometrically bonding failure on one of the surfaces of
non-linear laminated composite shells. The contact between the filler and an external
formulation is based on the degenerate solid layer were theoretically examined. For the
shell concept and utilizes a set of assumed case of central bending of such shells, a
strain fields as well as assumed displacement. complex of nonlinear relations was
Two different local orthogonal co-ordinate constructed which were used to formulate
systems were used to maintain in variance of nonlinear problems concerning contact
the element stiffness matrix. The formulation interaction of the external layers with the
assumes strain and the determinant of the filler, with allowance for unilateral contact on
Jacobian matrix to be linear in the thickness the sections of bonding failure. The
direction. This allows analytical integration in Kirchhoff-Love hypotheses traditionally used
the thickness direction regardless of ply in the theory of three-layer shells were
layups. The formulation also allows the adopted to describe the mechanics of
reference plane to be different from the shell deformation of the external layers. 11 Refs.
midsurface. The results of numerical tests Pairnushin, V.N. (Kazan Aviation Inst, USSR). Sov
demonstrate the validity and the effectiveness Appl Meeh v 23 n 11 May 1988 p 1038 -1 043.
of the present approach. (Author abstract) 17
Refs. 037042 Approaches to Numerical Solution
Yeorn, C.H. (Univ of Maryland, College Park, MD, of Linear and Nonlinear Boundary-value
USA); Lee, S. W. Int J Numer Methods Eng v 28 n 8 Problems of the Theory of Layered
Aug 1989 P 1749-1768. Anisotropic Shells. Certain approaches to the
numerical solution of boundary-value
DEFORMATION problems are presented, describing the
stress-strain state of layered shells with
037040 Numerical Study of the isotropic and anisotropic layers of variable
Axisymmetric Deformation of Composite thickness in the linear and geometrically
Shells of Revolution Under Shock Loads. A nonlinear formulations on the basis of classical
method was proposed of numerically solving and improved models for nonuniform force
problems of transient deformation of and temperature interactions. The proposed
composite shells composed of rigidly joined approaches to the numerical solution of the
377
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
static shell problems are realized by programs well-known shear locking that appears in some
in FORTRAN and tested on many examples. finite element representations, were not
Solutions of some problems based on the observed. However, in connection with
discussed methods are demonstrated. 10 Refs. kinematically slightly supported boundaries,
Grigorenko, Va. M. (Acad of Sciences of the such as corresponding to membrane theory,
Ukranian SSR, Kiev, USSR). Sov Appl Meeh v 23 n oscillating solutions may occur. 21 Refs.
10 Apr 1988 p 923-927. Wimmer, H. (Univ of Innsbruck, Innsbruck,
Austria). Aeta Meeh v 73 n 1-4 Aug 1988 P 163 -175.
037043 Deformation of a Spherical Shell
Under Internal Loading by a Shock 037046 Betti's Theorem for Rotationally
Generated by an Underwater Electrical Symmetric Infinitesimal Deformations
Discharge. This article is devoted to a Superimposed on the Finite Deformation of
theoretical and experimental study of the a Thin Shell of Revolution. It is intuitively
nonsteady hydroelastic deformation of a thin clear that the tangent stiffness matrix for a
spherical shell subjected to an underwater finitely deformed shell, treated as a two-
electrical discharge at its center. The range of dimensional continuum, should be symmetric.
application of model representation of the The governing differential equations for
latter in the form of a point source and a continuing rotationally symmetric quasi-static
source of finite dimensions with an ideally bending and extensional deformation of thin
flexible boundary is determined. The test shell shells of revolution with no shear deformation
was composed of two stamped hemispheres are employed to derive Betti's theorem from
which were subsequently welded about their which symmetry of the tangent stiffness
perimeters. 8 Refs. matrix follows, provided the pressure load is
Saprykin, Yu. V. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian conservative. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.
SSR, Kiev, USSR); Tsurkin, V.N.; Shvets, I.S.; DaDeppo, D.A. (Univ of Arizona, Tuscon, AZ,
Sholom, V.K. Sov Appl Meeh Oct 1988 p 392-396. USA); Keppel, W.J. Ind Math v 38 pt 1 1988 P
71-82.
037044 Stability of a Viscoelastic Shell of
Double Curvature. In this paper, we consider 037047 FDM in Arbitrary Curvilinear
the stability of a viscoelastic ellipsoidal shell. Co-ordinates-Formulation, Numerical
We examine the behavior of the shell in Approach & Applications. The basic concept
relation to the load, curvatures, and of automatization of operations in curvilinear
eccentricity of the support ellipse. We co-ordinate systems are briefly presented and
establish the conditions for 'snapping' of the applied to the analysis of large deformations of
shell to occur, and for asymmetrical membrane shells by the FDM. Several
equilibrium forms to appear and develop. 1 examples provide the basis for a comparison of
Ref. this approach with other descriptions of
Vorovich, 1.1.; Drobysheva, T.P. Meeh Solids v 22 n deformation. 23 Refs.
61987 P 174-178. Tworzydlo, Wlodzimierz, W. (Technical Univ of
Krakow, Cracow, Pol). Intl Numer Methods Eng v 28
037045 Application of the Two-Dimensional n 2 Feb 1989 p 261-277.
Hermitian Finite-Difference Method to
Linear Shear Deformation Theory of Plates 037048 Consistent Linearization in Elasto-
and Arbitrarily Curved Shells. In this paper Plastic Shell Analysis. The present paper is
the linear shear deformation theory of thin directed towards elasto-plastic large
shells formulated by Basar/Kratzig has been deformation analysis of thin shells based on the
used to demonstrate a special kind of the concept of degenerated solids. The main
Hermitian finite-difference method. The aspect of the paper is the derivation of an
governing differential equation system efficient computational strategy placing
established in an appropriate matrix form emphasis on consistent elasto-plastic tangent
contains only first derivatives of the unknown moduli and stress integration with the radial
tensor components. After transformation into return method under the restriction of 'zero
an algebraic form by applying two- normal stress condition' in thickness direction.
dimensional operators and solving the global The advantageous performance of the
system, no further differentiation of the standard Newton iteration using a consistent
unknown field functions is necessary. The tangent stiffness matrix is compared to the
procedure shows fast convergence and, in classical scheme with an iteration matrix based
general, numerical instabilities like the on the infinitesimal elasto-plastic constitutive
378
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
tensor. Several numerical examples also function method is used accurately to treat the
demonstrate the effectiveness of the standard contact condition involving a finite amount of
Newton iteration with respect to modified and sliding. Axisymmetric large deformations of
quasi-Newton methods like BFGS and others. contacting spherical shells are analyzed, and it
(Author abstract) 21 Refs. is shown that elastic unloading resulting from
Ramm, E. (Univ of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, West Ger); the sliding definitely affects the crushing of
Matzemiller, A. Eng Comput (Swansea Wales) v 5 n 4 one shell by another. The possibility of
Dec 1988 p 289- 299. nonaxisymmetric bifurcation of deformation is
examined on the basis of the J2-deformation
037049 Whole-Field Optical Examination of theory. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.
Cylindrical Shell Deformation. An optical Kitagawa, Hiroshi (Osaka Univ, Suita, Jpn); Hiura,
technique for the measurement of radial Seiji.]SME Int] Ser 1 v 32 n 2 Apr 1989 p 199-207.
deformation in circular cylindrical shells is
discussed. The technique is a modification and 037052 Determination of Shell
improvement of an earlier method, using a Constructions Deformations with
conical mirror of simple geometry to view a Application of Linear Transformation
grating reflected from the inner surface of the Theory. In this paper concepts for
shell. The new system allows more precise determining shell structure deformations are
alignment of the components of the optical presented for the case of the surface of a
system with the shell. Fringes obtained by tria pial ellipsoid. Observations by the spatial
superposition as in the Ligtenberg moire incision method in a rectangular xyz
method, or deviations of lines from a regular coordinate system are assumed. The method
pattern in a photographic image provide a of determining the deformation components
measure of the slope changes on the surface of in the points under examination in the
the shell. Theoretical relations are presented t = T - To time interval is based on the
for three grid orientations, at least two of principle of a minimum sum of the squares of
which have to be used in conjunction to the (vx' vy ' v,) corrections. (Edited author
determine the two components of slope. abstract) 8 Refs. In Russian.
Illustrations for the use and accuracy of the Baran, P.1. (Kiev Engineering-Constructional lnst,
technique are presented for two cases. (Edited Kiev, USSR); Przewlocki, Stefan. Zesz Nauk Politeeh
author abstract) 8 Refs. Lodz Budownietwo n 39 1988 P 151-159.
Krishnakumar, S. (Univ of Tasmania, Hobart, Aust); 037053 Experimental Study of Deformation
Foster, C.G. ExpMeeh v 29 n 1 Mar 1989 p 16-22. of Thin Conical Shells During Penetration
into Soil. The penetration of various solids
037050 New Method of Multisegment into deformable media has been previously
Integration for the Nonlinear Analysis of considered. At the same time, insufficient
Shells of Revolution. A new method of attention has been paid to deformation of thin
multi segment integration has been developed shells in the process of penetration into soil.
for solving boundary value problems of a This paper describes an experimental study of
system of nonlinear ordinary differential deformation of thin-walled shells upon
equations as encountered in the large indentation into soil; it determines the effect
deflection analysis of the axisymmetric of the angle of taper, the shape of the tip,
deformations of the shells of revolution. The and the manner of attachment of the
method developed here involves much less concentrated mass to the shell structure on
computational work than the multisegment the deformation process. The authors
integration developed by Kainins and Lestingi. employed an experimental setup consisting of
The new method has been applied to a number a pneumatic gun with a control panel for
of problems to ascertain its soundness and regulating the delivery of compressed gas, a
accuracy. (Edited author abstract) 28 Refs. target, and measurement and recording
Uddin, Md. Wahhaj (Bangladesh Univ of equipment with an automatic control unit.
Engineering & Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh). Int The gun was capable of accelerating shells to
J Pressure Vessels Piping v 38 n 1 1989 P 39-55. specified velocities. 5 Refs.
Bakulin, V.N.; Ovcharov, P.N.; Potopakhin, V.A.
037051 Elastic-plastic Unstable Deformation Meeh Solids v 23 n 41988 P 183-186.
of Shells in Contact (Case of a Spherical
Shell). This paper deals with the numerical 037054 Deformation of Slender Shells with
analysis of large elastic-plastic deformation of Openings. Cutouts of various shapes are
shells in contact with each other. The penalty often made in shell structures for design
379
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
380
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
381
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
Brooks, G.N. (Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, Radovinskii, A.L. Meeh Solids v 23 n 5 1988 P
USA); Leung, C.-P. J Pressure Vessel Technol Trans 117-122.
ASME v III n 1 Feb 1989 p 39-46.
ENERGY DISSIPATION
037066 Elastojvisco-plastic Dynamic
Response of Thin Shells of Revolution by 037068 Energy Dissipation in Braced
Means of Overlay Model. The numerical Cylindrical Shells. This paper presents an
analysis of the elasto/visco-plastic dynamic experimental and numerical investigation of
response of axisymmetricaI thin shells the energy dissipation characteristics of mild
subjected to arbitrary loads is carried out by steel cylindrical shells subjected to large
the elasto/visco-plastic overlay model which is deformations under line loadings acting
able to express the Bauschinger effect and the parallel and perpendicular to the shells'
strain rate dependence. Namely, Perzyna's longitudinal axes. The effects of diametrical
equation is used for the constitutive relation bracing, cylindrical length and external
of each layer of the overlay model, and as a loading orientation on the deformation
whole, the Bauschinger effect and the patterns and energy dissipation capacities are
influence of viscosity in plastic range of the described. The results are applied to the
material are taken into account. The equations design of a new impact attenuation system
of motion and the relations between the used in highway safety applications. (Author
strains and displacements are derived by abstract) 9 Refs.
extending the Sanders linear theory in elastic Carney III, J.F. (Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN,
shells. The numerical method selected for this USA); Pothen, S. Int J Meeh Sci v. 30 n 3 -4 1988
problem is a method using finite difference in Some Papers Presented at the International
both space and time. (Edited author abstract) Symposium on Structural Failure, Second
16 Refs. In Japanese. International Symposium on Structural
Tao, Katsumi; Takezono, Shigeo; Ohtsubo, Kazumi; Crashworthiness, Cambridge, MA, USA, Jun 6-8
Mochidone, Hiroyuki; Matsuoka, Hironobu. Nippon 1988 P 203-216
Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A Hen v 55 n 513 May
1989 p 1145-1152. FAILURE
382
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
383
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
384
Excerpts from The En8ineerin8 Index Annual 1989
flexural and extensional deformations, the Hampton, VA, USA); Lester, H.C.; Abler, S.B. J
lesser role of transverse shear, can lead to Vib Acoust Stress Reliab Des v III n 3 Jul 1989 P
excessive stiffness ('locking'). Origins and 337-342.
procedures are described to circumvent these
problems. (Edited author abstract) 147 Refs.
Wempner, Gerald (Georgia Inst of Technology, NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION
Atlanta, GA, USA). Appl Meek Rev v 42 n 5 May
1989 p 129-142. 037081 Non Contacting Testing and NDT
for Composite Shells. There is, today, a
NOISE ABATEMENT strong need for reliable large-field ways of
inspecting for the initial quality of composite
037079 Statistical Theory of Internal structures and for monitoring, over long
Soundproofing in Cylindrical Shells. In a times, the continued integrity of such
number of cases of practical interest, an structures. This paper introduces two new
interesting question is about the capability of methods which, when used in combination,
thin-walled shells of localizing wave energy has strong promise of meeting this need. The
close to the radiator encased in this shell, i.e., first, called Spectral Density Analysis is a
is separated by it from the environment. This purely optical method for full field
phenomenon represents the concept of measurement of surface displacements. The
internal soundproofing (isolation). The paper second is a fiber-optic laser based method to
concludes that as the case of soundproofing of generate and detect ultrasonic waves for
a shell from the external field (enclosure), the interrogating the interior of structures. It is
following physical phenomena are important: called Thermal Acousto Photonic NDE.
1. Increase of soundproofing effectiveness is (Author abstract) 5 Refs.
nonmonotonous with respect to the frequency. Burger, C.P. (Texas A&M Univ, College Station,
2. Dips (notches) in the spectral characteristic TX, USA). ASME Pressure Vessels Piping Div Publ
of soundproofing are due to resonant PVP v 146 Advances in Macro-Mechanics of
phenomena in the shell and in air volume Composite Material Vessels and Components,
within the shell. 3. The experimental analysis Presented at the 1988 ASME Pressure Vessels and
of the internal soundproofing of shells (using Piping Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, Jun
standard measuring techniques) does not 19- 23 1988. Publ by American Soc of Mechanical
reveal these dips (notches) in soundproofing Engineers (ASME), New York, NY, USA, 1988 P
due to averaging in the octave frequency 167-171.
bands. 4 Refs.
Guzhas, D.R. Vib Eng v 3 n 1 1989 P 21- 26.
PLASTICITY
385
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
386
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
as being structurally orthotropic. The critical considered. The linear stability problem and
value of compressive forces in the radial the deformation of the shell under large
sections of the shell are determined within the deflections with the construction of the 'load-
framework of a linear formulation of the deflection' graphs is investigated. 2 Refs.
problem, with the use of analytical criteria of Samol'yanov, 1.1. (L'vov Polytechnic Inst, USSR).
dynamic instability, for linear and parabolic Sov Appl Meeh Oct 1988 p 353-357.
laws of change in the compressive forces over
time. 3 Refs. 037091 Stability of a Multilayer Cylindrical
Amiro, I. Va. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian Shell in Interlayer Pressure. The problem of
SSR, Kiev, USSR). Sov Appl Meeh v 23 n 10 Apr 1988 the stability of a cylindrical shell or circular
p 903-907. ring with one-side connection with the
surrounding elastic or absolutely rigid space
037088 Stability of Shells of Revolution of has been studied in a number of investigations.
Fiber Composites with Initial Cracks in the In solving this problem for thin shells it is
Microstructure. A method of calculating the possible to neglect the variation of the shell
stability and initial postcritical behavior of geometry as a result of subcritical behavior,
shells of revolution of composite materials with and also changes in the area of contact with
variable mechanical characteristics dependent the surrounding space during the loss of
on microstructural damages at the interface stability. Consequently, the solution can be
between the components is presented. The obtained in linear formulation, as carried out
stability of glass-plastic cylindrical and conical in the present paper. 4 Refs.
shells with different degrees of damage to the Pal'chevskii, A.S. Sov Appl Meeh Oct 1988 p
material is examined. The method makes it 358-362.
possible to study the stability of shells of
composite materials in which the components 037092 Analysis of Parametric Oscillations
separate from one another during mechanical of Shells of Revolution with Variable
or other types ofloading. 9 Refs. Parameters. This paper examines the
Vanin, G.A. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, parametric oscillations of thin shells of
Kiev, USSR); Semenyuk, N.P. Sov Appl Meeh v 23 n revolution of arbitrary contour closed in the
10 Apr 1988 p 908-914. annular direction. The shells were assembled
from a certain number of orthotropic and
037089 In8uence of Conditions of End isotropic layers of variable thickness. The
Fixing on the Stability of Longitudinal material of each layer is assumed to be elastic
Compressed Multilayer Conical Shells. The and governed by Hooke's generalized law.
problem of the stability of multilayer The problem is solved on the basis of the
orthotropic conical shells-and also cylindrical linear theory of shells and assuming that the
shells, as a particular case - is considered, and hypothesis of nondeformable normals for the
the influence of the boundary conditions on entire packet of the shell as a whole is
the critical values of the longitudinal satisfied. 9 Refs.
compressive force is analyzed. A family of Vasilenko, A.T. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian
curves of the critical load as a function of the SSR, Kiev, USSR); Cherin'ko, P.N. Sov Appl Meeh
current value of L/Rme for shells with different Oct 1988 p 363-367.
conditions at the ends is shown. Analysis of the
results offers the possibility of dividing the 037093 Initial Post-Critical Behavior and
consideration of the boundary conditions into Flaw Sensitivity of Composite Cylindrical
two groups with four versions in each. 9 Refs. Shells with Difference Reinforcement
Shul'ga, N.A. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian Schemes. Results of the stability of reinforced
SSR, Kiev, USSR); Primak, A.P. Sov Appl Meeh Oct shells are used to study the character of their
1988 p 348 - 352. post-critical behavior and sensitivity to the
initial geometrical defects. The formulated
037090 Stability of a Sloping Panel of problem is solved through the theory of initial
Negative Gaussian Curvature. The problem post-critical behavior and Koiter's special
of the stability of a thin elastic shell of the theory. A circular cylindrical shell of the
hyperbolic paraboloid type, rectangular in the length L, radius R, and thickness t consisting
plane, when the contour lines coincide with the of N layers with different fiber orientations is
direction of the principal curvatures is examined. 6 Refs.
387
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
Semenyuk, N.P. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian boards, orthogonally attached to each other
SSR, Kiev, USSR); Zhukova, N.B. Sov Appl Meeh by nails. As far as the investigated hypar-shells
Oct 1988 p 385-392. are concerned, reaching of the ultimate load
(in this paper the term 'ultimate load' is used
037094 Loss of Stability for a Spherical in a restrictive sense) is found to be the
Shell. On the basis of three-dimensional relevant mode of loss of stability. This agrees
linearized stability theory, we obtain the with experimental results reported in the
characteristic equation for determining the literature. (Author abstract) 23 Refs. In
critical inner radius of a spherical support, German.
whose outer surface is acted upon by a load Rattasepp, T. (Technische Univ Tallinn, Tallinn,
equal to the contact pressure on the boundary USSR); Mang, H.A. Bauingenieur v 64 n 6 Jun
of the support and the rock mass. The 1989 p 255-266.
magnitude of the contact pressure is
determined in solving the problem of the STEEL
precritical stress-strain state of the support and
the elastic-plastic mass, which has an interface 037097 Optimized Wall Thickness of Shells
between zones of elastic and plastic of Revolution. The aim of this paper was to
deformation. (Edited author abstract) 7 Refs. develop a concept for the design of shells of
Meshkov, S.I.; Shashkin, A.I. Meeh Solids v 23 n 5 revolution with different Gaussian curvature
1988 P 113-116 using a simplified finite element buckling
analysis. A cooling tower shell was used as an
037095 Numerische Stabilitaetsanalyse example for calculations. 7 Refs.
Linear und Nichtlinear, Deformierbarer, Wittek, Udo (Univ Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern,
Parametererregter Schalentragwerke. West Ger). Proe Sess Relat Steel Struet Stroet Congr
[Numerical Stability Analysis of Linearly Proceedings of the Sessions Related to Steel
and Nonlinearly Deformable Shell Structures at Structures Congress '89, San
Structures Under Parametric Francisco, CA, USA, May 1- 5 1989. Publ by
Excitation]. The present contribution derives ASCE, New York, NY, USA, 1989 P 686-695.
a numerical concept for the stability analysis
of linearly and nonlinearly responding shell STRAIN
structures under parametric excitation.
Starting from a displacement discretization of 037098 Deformation Bounds for Cyclically
the incremental principle of virtual Loaded Shell Structures Operating under
displacements and using Ljapunow's stability Creep Conditions. Constitutive relations,
definitions, handy stability bounds are based on the Bailey-Orowan's creep theory,
presented, especially also for nonlinear are used to develop a maximum work
fundamental motions. Two of many computed condition which includes the influence of an
examples demonstrate their applicability; the internal state. A bounding theorem on
correctness of the results is checked by displacement is obtained for structures
properties of line-search evaluated subjected to cyclic loading. An application of
neighbouring motions. (Author abstract) 15 the bound is illustrated. (Author abstract) 6
Refs. Refs.
Eller, Conrad (Ruhr-Univ Bochurn, Bochurn, West Cocks, Alan C.F. (Univ of Leicester, Leicester,
Ger); Kraetzig, W. B. lng Areh v 59 n 5 1989 P Engl); Leckie, F.A. J Appl Meeh Trans ASME v 55 n
345-356. 3 Sep 1988 p 509-516.
037096 Zur Stabilitaet Flacher 037099 Refined Small Strain and Moderate
Eckgestuetzter Hyparschalen aus Holz mit Rotation Theory of Elastic Anisotropic
Geradlinigen Randtraegern. [On the Stability Shells. A general refined shell theory that
of Shallow, Wooden Hypar-shells with accounts for the transverse deformation, small
Straight, Point-Supported Edge Beams]. This strains, and moderate rotations is presented.
paper is concerned with finite element The theory can be reduced to various existing
stability analysis of shallow, thin hypar-shells shell theories including: the classical (i.e.,
made of timber, with straight, COrner- linear Kirchhoff-Love) shell theory, the
supported edge beams. A feature of the Donnell-Mushtari-Vlasov shell theory, the
analysis model is the direct consideration of Leonard-Koiter-Sanders moderate rotations
the structural anisotropy of the shell shell theory, the von Karman type shear-
membrane consisting of two layers of wooden deformation shell theory and the moderate-
388
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
rotation shear-deformation plate theory IL, USA, Nov 27 - Dec 2 1988. Publ by American
developed by Reddy. The present theory is Soc of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York,
developed from an assumed displacement NY, USA, 1988 WA/APM37 7.
field, nonlinear strain-displacement equations
that contain small strain and moderate STRESSES
rotation terms, and the principle of virtual
displacements. (Edited author abstract) 47 Refs. 037102 Analysis of an Axisymmetric
Schmidt, R. (Univ of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, West Thermoelastic Plastic Stress-Strain State of a
Ger); Reddy, IN. ] Appl Meeh Trans ASME v 55 n Laminar Shell Under Repeated Loading.
3 Sep 1988 p 611 - 61 7. Simple repeated loading processes were
considered on laminar shells of revolution by
037100 Assumed Strain Stabilization loads of both the same and the reverse sign as
Procedure for the 9-Node Lagrange Shell for the initial loading. The investigation was
Element. An assumed strain (strain done within the framework of the Kirchhoff-
interpolation) method is used to construct a Love hypothesis. It was assumed that the
stabilization matrix for the 9-node shell creep strain is negligibly small as compared to
element. The stabilization procedure can be the instantaneous elastic-plastic strains. A thin
justified based on the Hellinger-Reissner shell of revolution with meridian section of
variational method. It involves a projection arbitrary shape and consisting of variable-
vector which is orthogonal to both linear and thickness layers was considered. The shell was
quadratic fields in the local co-ordinate system subjected, from an initially unstressed and
of each quadrature point. All terms in the unstrained state, to axisymmetric loads and
development involve 2 X 2 quadrature in the nonuniform heating that varied in time in
9-node element. Example problems show such a way that plastic strain domains
good accuracy and an almost optimal rate of occurred in which unloading then took place.
convergence. (Author abstract) 40 Refs. The results of the analysis showed that the
Belytschko, Ted (Northwestern Univ, Evanston, IL, active loading process occurred in the first two
USA); Wong, Bak Leong; Stolarski, Henryk. IntJ steps in the shell in the form of a plastic strain
Numer Methods Eng v 28 n 2 Feb 1989 p 385-414. zone at the shell inner surface. 6 Refs.
Babeshko, M.E. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian
037101 Refined Small Strain and Moderate SSR, Kiev, USSR); Prokhorenko, l.V.;
Rotation Theory of Elastic Anisotropic Sokolovskaya. V.l. Sov Appl Meeh v 23 n 11 May
Shells. A general refined shell theory that 1988 p 1054-1058.
accounts for the transverse deformation, small
strains, and moderate rotations is presented. 037103 Combined Theoretical and
The theory can be reduced to existing shell Experimental Method of Determining
theories including the classical (i.e., linear Residual Stresses in Wound Composite
Kirchhoff-Love) shell theory, Donnell- Shells. A combined theoretical and
Mushtari-Vlasov shell theory, Leonard-Koiter- experimental method of determining residual
Sanders moderate rotations shell theory, von stresses, and the strains of wound composite
Karman type shear-deformation shell theory shells induced by these stresses, is suggested.
and moderate rotation shear deformation The method makes use of shells of revolution
plate theory developed by J.N. Reddy. The that are formed by a system of layers of
present theory is developed from an assumed unidirectional composite material placed at
displacement field, nonlinear strain given angles to the generatrix. Each of the
displacement equations that contain small elementary unidirectional layers is allotted
strain and moderate rotation terms, and the rigidities in tension and compression as well as
principle of virtual displacements. The in shear. The elastic constants of such a layer,
governing equations exhibit strong coupling including the modulus and Poisson's ratio, are
between the membrane and bending determined experimentally in tests of
deformation which should alter the bending, circularly wound tubular specimens. For
stability, and post-buckling behavior of certain determining residual stresses it is assumed that
shell structures as predicted using available the deformations of the layer are composed of
theories. (Edited author abstract) 47 Refs. elastic, thermal, and curing components and
Schmidt, R. (Univ of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, West deformations induced by prestressing of the
Ger); Reddy, IN. Am Soe Meeh Eng Pap Preprint- reinforcing elements. The method was
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, experimentally verified in tests of cylindrical
Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting, Chicago, shells made of glass reinforced plastic
389
Excerpts from The En8ineerin8 Index Annual 1989
comprised of glass fiber VMPS and epoxy J Appl Meeh Trans ASME v 55 n 3 Sep 1988 p
resin ED-20 binder. The results confirm the 629-634.
possibility of using the combined theoretical
and experimental method for determining 037106 Stress-Strain Fields at Crack Tip in
technological stresses and deformations of Axially Cracked Cylindrical Shells and the
wound composite shells. 5 Refs. Calculation of Stress Intensity Factors. A
Morozov, E.V. (K.E. Tsiolkovskii Moscow lnst of perturbation solution for stress-strain fields
Aviation Technology, USSR). Meeh Compos Mater v (including modes I, II, III) at crack tip in
23 n 6 May 1988 p 802-807. axially cracked cylindrical shells is given. The
analysis, using 10th-order differential
equations which take the transverse shear
037104 Axisymmetric Elastoplastic Stress deformations into account, involves
State of Branched Shell Systems with perturbation in a curvature parameter y2,
Nonisothermal Loading Processes. The (y2 = [12(Inv2) J'a 2/Rh). Stress intensity
axisymmetric elastoplastic stress state of a factors for finite size cylindrical shells under
branched shell with a complex form of the bending and internal pressure loading are
meridian and poles is investigated, in evaluated. A good accuracy can be obtained
conditions of quasistatic thermal and force without using fine meshes in a region near
loading which varies over time. A shell of the crack tip. Besides, the influence of the
revolution with a branched meridian is finite size and the shearing stiffness on
considered in conditions of axisymmetric bulging factors, which are commonly used in
connective heat transfer with the surrounding engineering, are analyzed. (Author abstract) 6
medium, under the action of a variable load. Refs.
The problem is solved within the framework Liu, Chuntu (Acad Sinica, China); Wu, Xijia. Aeta
of the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis in a Meeh Sin v 3 n 3 1987 P 223-230.
geometrically linear, quasistatic formulation;
creep deformation is neglected in comparison
with the instantaneous elastoplastic 037107 Surface Crack in Shells Under
deformation. The equations of state employed Mixed-Mode Loading Condition. The
are the relations of the theory of simple problem of a shallow shell containing a surface
loading processes, taking account of their crack and subjected to general loading
previous history which are linearized by the conditions is considered. It is shown that, as
method of variable elasticity parameters. 8 in the three-dimensional elasticity formulation,
Refs. the mode I state can be separated whereas
modes II and III remain coupled. A line
Galishin, A.Z. (Acad of Sciences of the Ukrainian
spring model is developed to formulate the
SSR, Kiev, USSR). Sov Appl Meeh Sep 1988 p
part-through crack problem under mixed-
234-38.
mode conditions. A shallow shell of arbitrary
curvature having a part-through crack located
037105 Large Elastic Deformation of Shear on the outer or the inner surface of the shell
Deformable Shells of Revolution: Numerical is then considered. Reissner's transverse shear
and Experimental Results. Through an theory is used to formulate the problem by
integrating matrix approach, a numerical assuming that the shell is subjected to all five
solution is obtained to the equations governing moment and stress resultants. The uncoupled
large elastic deformation of a clamped circular antisymmetric problem is solved for
cylinder due to internal pressure. The shell cylindrical and toroidal shells having a surface
equations include the effects of large strains, crack in various orientations and the primary
thickness changes, and transverse shear and the secondary stress intensity factors are
deformation. The numerical solution is given. (Edited author abstract) 20 Refs.
compared to results from an asymptotic Joseph, P.F. (Lehigh Univ, Bethlehem, PA, USA);
analysis and from experiments on rubber Erdogan, F. J Appl Meeh Trans ASME v 55 n 4 Dec
cylinders. A specialized Rivlin-Saunders 1988 p 795-804.
strain-energy density function is assumed for
the rubber, with material constants 037108 Investigation of the Spherical
determined from tensile tests and deformed Membrane Cap Under Partial Load. It is
cylinder profiles at a high inflation pressure. shown how the internal forces due to an
(Author abstract) 15 Refs. axially non-symmetric load of a spherical cap
Kempski, M.H. (Rochester lnst of Technology, can be determined within the framework of
Rochester, NY, USA); Taber, L.A.; Su, Fong-Chin. the membrane theory. We present the
390
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
method of internal forces for the terms of the 037112 Bifurcation of Axisymmetric
Fourier expansion. In a numerical example Equilibrium of Thin Shells of Revolution
these forces are computed for a spherical cap with Regular Shaped Imperfections. An
with the half central angle cPo = 38 As can
0
asymptotic formula is derived to characterize
be seen, for n = 2,3,4 closed formulae can be the effect of a regular axisymmetric shape
obtained, while for n ~ 5 the calculation has imperfection upon the classical critical load of
to be carried out numerically. (Edited author a perfect convex shell belonging to a certain
abstract) 4 Refs. class. 4 Refs.
Olitzscher, Frank. Acta Tech (Budapest) v 100 n 3-4 Teterin, I.Yu. (Leningrad Univ, Leningrad, USSR).
1987 P 225 - 238. Leningrad Univ Mech Bull n 2 1988 P 62-64.
391
Excerpts from The Ennineerinn Index Annual 1989
scalar mathematics form, by linear, small-strain steady operating conditions is presented. The
elasticity principles, for the case of general heat conduction equation incorporating heat
thick-walled shells under general loading. generation due to solidification was solved by
These reduce to well-known forms for the finite element method to obtain the spatially
particular cases of flat-plates and thick circular steady temperature distribution when
cylindrical shells. (Author abstract) considering material flow. Elastic-plastic
Donnell, Lloyd H. ] Appl Meeh Trans ASME v 56 n stresses in the solidified shell were also
2Jun 1989 p 391-394. evaluated. A parameter study was carried out
in order to obtain the optimal operating
037116 Shear Deformable Finite Element condition such as shell thickness, site of crater
for the Analysis of General Shells of end, and stress distribution as functions of the
Revolution. A 64-dof isoparametric casting speed and cooling condition. (Author
quadrilateral finite element is presented for abstract) 6 Refs. In Japanese.
the analysis of generally laminated shells of Tatsumi, Naohisa; Wang, Zhi-Gang; Inoue, Tatsuo.
revolution. The effects of shear deformation Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A Hen v 55 n 514
and rotary inertia are accounted for by using Jun 1989 p 1389-1393.
shear deformation theory that employs the
parabolic shear strain variation across the 037119 Elastic Stress Analysis of Two
thickness. The classical thin shell theory is the Oblique Intersecting Cylindrical Shells
special case of shear deformation theory used Subjected to Internal Pressure. In this paper,
in the present study. Thus, the thin shell the elastic stress distribution in two oblique
element also can be obtained from the present intersecting cylindrical shells subjected to
thick shell element by simply having the internal pressure is discussed. We first
displacement parameters (UI and VI) associated investigated the elastic stresses and
with the shear rotations as zeros. The displacements to the intersected shell
numerical results presented illustrate the (cylindrical vessel) with an arbitrary curved
performance of the element and the effects of hole under internal pressure. In making this
shear deformation. (Author abstract) 33 Refs. analysis, a curvilinear coordinate system (e, ~)
Bhimaraddi, A. (Univ of Canterbury, Christchurch, e eo
is used and one of which = is made to
NZ); Carr, A.J.; Moss, P.J. Comput Struet v 31 n 3 coincide with the hole contour r. The
1989 P 299-308. governing equation is the equation of shallow
shell in this coordinate system. When the hole
037117 Stressed State of Inhomogeneous contour is an ellipse, the obtained solution is a
Elastic Shells of Revolution. An extension is complex function expressed in Mathieu
discussed regarding an averaging technique function. Then, we discussed the stresses and
for the case of quasi-periodic structures with displacements expressed in the edge effect
curvilinear anisotropy, as applied to problems form on the basis of Flugge's equations for the
of elasticity written in the displacements. In intersecting shell (nozzle). At last, a boundary
this paper, the authors employ the technique condition along the intersection curve is
to reduce the static problem of derived. Numerical computation was
inhomogeneous elasticity in the stresses, conducted, and the results are compared with
utilizing hypotheses of shell theory (i.e., the experiments. (Author abstract) 10 Refs.
problem of equilibrium of an inhomogeneous Chien, Huei-Lin (Nanjing lnst of Chemical
anisotropic shell of quasi-periodic structure to Technology, Nanjing, China); Wu, Shao-Jun. ASME
a recursive sequence of problems for a Pressure Vessels Piping Div Publ PVP v 139 Design
homogeneous anisotropic shell. The authors and Analysis of Piping, Pressure Vessels and
offers a solution for the problem of Components, 1988, Presented at the 1988 ASME
equilibrium of a shell formed by a winding or Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Pittsburgh,
coil that is acted upon by internal pressure. 8 PA, USA,Jun 19-23 1988. Publ by American Soc
Refs. of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY,
Levin, V.D.; Pobedrya, B.E. Meeh Solids v 23 n 4 USA, 1988 P 119-124.
1988 P 140-145.
037120 Cutouts in Laminated Plates and
037118 Simulation of Temperature and Shells. A finite element method for evaluating
Elastic-Plastic Stresses in Solid Shell During stresses around cutouts in thin to moderately
Continuous Casting Process. An analytical thick laminated composite plate and shell
method to simulate the temperature and the structures is presented. Ahmad's eight noded
stress fields in a continuous casting slab under isoparametric quadrilateral shell element
392
Excerpts from The Eneineerine Index Annual 1989
037122 Step Pressure and Blast Responses 037124 Investigation of the Spherical
of Clamped Orthotropic Hemispherical Membrane Cap under Partial Load. This
Shells. This paper is concerned with studies paper shows how the internal forces due to an
on the axisymmetric free vibration and axially non-symmetric load of a spherical can
dynamic response of polar orthotropic cap be determined in the frame of the
393
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
membrane theory. It presents the method of excitation sweeps showed a dynamic instability.
internal forces for the terms of the Fourier The frequency range over which the response
expansion. In a numerical example these is unstable decreases with increasing
forces are computed for a spherical cap with a pretension. The dynamic to static strain ratio
particular half central angle. Calculation decreased from 20% to 2.3% as pretension
results are discussed. (Edited author abstract) increased from the lowest to the highest
5 Refs. value. (Author abstract) 20 Refs.
Olitzscher, Frank. Acta Tech (Budapest) v 100 n 2-3 Gasparini, D.A. (Case Western Reserve Univ,
1987 P 225-238. Cleveland, OH, USA); Perdikaris, P.C.; Kanj, N.]
Struct Eng v 115 n 2 Feb 1989 p 363 - 381.
037125 Formulation and Accuracy of a
Circular Cylindrical Shell Theory Due to a 037127 Infinite, Elastic, Cylindrical Shell
Higher-Order Approximation. In this paper, with a Finite Number of Ring
the most general higher-Qrder equations of Constraints. The axisymmetric excitation of
three-dimensional static and dynamic theories an infinite, elastic, cylindrical shell with a
for a circular cylindrical shell are derived by finite number of ring constraints is discussed.
expanding the displacements into an infinite Exact solutions are presented for the cases of
power series with respect to the radial one and two constraints. These are then
coordinate of the shell. The present examined in an asymptotic limit that
formulation can be taken into account actually corresponds to light fluid-loading and small
any higher-order terms for both cases of static curvature. (Author abstract) 9 Refs.
and dynamic problems. Several theories which Lawrie, J.B. (Univ of Bristol, Bristol, Engl).] Sound
were proposed previously, can be deduced by Vib v 130 n 2 Apr 22 1989 P 189-206.
the employment of the lower-order terms in
our theory. Three typical theories such as 037128 Membrane Shell as an Under-
3-order theory, Levinson-type theory and constrained Structural System. Statical-
Levinson-Voyladjis-Baluch-type theory are also kinematic analysis is employed to provide a
newly derived from the present formulation. new perspective on the structural behavior of
Numerical results of natural frequencies for membrane shells and the related limitations of
simply-supported cylindrical shells are the linear membrane theory. The obtained
compared to the exact solution as well as results include a resolution of an apparent
many theories. (Author abstract) 8 Refs. In paradox in the statics of membranes, a
Japanese. description and explanation of the peculiar
Hirano, Kisaburou; Hirashima, Kenichi. Nippon behavior of toroidal membranes with an
Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu A Hen v 54 n 506 Oct 1988 arbitrary cross-section, and a stronger version
p 1915-1919. of a central theorem in the membrane theory.
(Author abstract) 7 Refs.
037126 Dynamic and Static Behavior of Kuznetsov, E.N. (Univ of Illinois at
Cable Dome Model. The static and dynamic Urbana-Champaign, IL, USA).] Appl Meek Trans
behavior of a cable dome was studied by ASME v 56 n 2 June 1989 p 387 - 390.
testing a 1/50 scale model. Three different
pretension levels were considered. The static 037129 Modal Analysis of a Shell's Acoustic
response of the model under a symmetric and Radiation in Light and Heavy Fluids. A
an antisymmetric loading was investigated. modal analysis study of acoustic radiation by a
The cable dome's behavior changes from a finite cylindrical shell immersed in light of
compressive to a tensile membrane with heavy fluid is presented. Attention is focused
increasing applied central load. The cable on the explanation of radiation phenomena in
model exhibits a hardening response, both fluids. The concepts of radiation,
especially in the antisymmetric mode. The structural and evenly damped modes are
nonlinearity becomes more pronounced with explained. These lead to clarification of the
decreasing pretension. The stiffness in the shells' vibro-acoustic behaviour in heavy fluid
antisymmetric mode is dominated by the and to confirmation of the well known case of
geometric stiffness from pretensioning. In the light fluid. Relationships between these new
vertical acceleration (symmetric) test at the concepts and the more classical one of radiating
intermediate pretension the first dominant and non-radiating modes are presented. It is
mode was antisymmetric. A sail exciter was shown that this previous classification of modes
also used to apply a single asymmetric is insufficient to clarify the heavy fluid-shell
controlled force. Up and down harmonic coupling, especially in the critical frequency
394
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
range. In this range the behaviour of a shell in also built and tested in laboratory to validate
water is very different from that of one in air, the results. (Author abstract) 24 Refs.
and is entirely controlled by modes which are Tzou, H.S. (Univ of Kentucky, Lexington, KY,
overdamped by radiation. In particular, it is USA); Gadre, M.] Sound Vib] Sound Vib v 132 v
shown that structural damping is ineffective in 132 n 3 n 3 Aug 8 Aug 819891989 P 433-450.
reducing radiated power in the critical
frequency range when the fluid is water. 037132 Analysis of Laminated Shells.
(Author abstract) 22 Refs. Laminated shell structures are increasingly
Laulagnet, B. (INSA, Villeurbanne, Fr); Guyader, being used in chemical, marine and aerospace
J.L.] Sound Vib v 131 n 3 Jun 22 1989 P 397 - 415. applications. A significant amount of research
has been conducted in the past on studying
037130 Analysis of Elasto/Visco-Plastic the structural response of these structures. A
Dynamic Response of General Thin Shells by review of various investigations on the analysis
Means of Overlay Model. The numerical of these shells is given here. Specifically, this
analysis of the elasto/visco-plastic dynamic review deals with the development of various
response of the general thin shells to arbitrary theories for modelling the thick laminated
loads is carried out by the use of the elasto/ shells including shear effects; analytical
visco-plastic overlay model which is able to studies, development of various finite elements
express the Bauschinger effect and the strain to model these shells including applications to
rate dependence. Namely Perzyna's equation is tire modelling; buckling and post buckling
used for the constitutive relation of each layer analysis of perfect and imperfect laminated
of the overlay model and as a whole the shells; vibration and dynamic response analysis
Bauschinger effect and the influence of of various laminated shells. (Author abstract)
viscosity in the plastic range of the material are 148 Refs.
taken into account. The equations of motion Kapania, R.K. (Virginia Polytechnic Inst & State
derived from the Sanders nonlinear theory for Univ, Blacksburg, VA, USA). ASME Aerosp Div Publ
thin shells by adding the inertia terms are used, AD v 13 Recent Advances in the Macro- and
and the relations between strains and Micro-Mechanics of Composite Materials Structures,
displacements where rotations of the shell are Presented at the Winter Annual Meeting of the
considered for the membrane strains are American Society of Mechanical Engineers,
employed. (Edited author abstract) 18 Refs. In Chicago, IL, USA, Nov 27 - Dec 2 1988. Publ by
Japanese. American Soc of Mechanical Engineers (ASME),
Tao, Katsumi; Takezono, Shigeo. Nippon Kikai New York, NY, USA, 1988 P 177-187.
Gakkai Ronbunshu A Hen v 55 n 514 Jun 1989
p 1453-1460. 037133 Analysis of Glulam Lattice Dome.
Glued-laminated timber (glulam) domes have
037131 Theoretical Analysis of a Multi- become competitive in the engineering of
Layered Thin Shell Coupled with large-span roof structures. Three-way glulam
Piezoelectric Shell Actuators for Distributed grid domes, such as the Triax and Varax
Vibration Controls. Structural dynamics and domes, are particularly well-suited for glulam
controls of distributed mechanical systems have construction because the members lie on great
drawn much attention in recent years. In this circles and, thus, have the same radius of
paper, a multilayered thin shell coupled with an curvature. The curved members are
active distributed vibration actuator- interconnected by patented steel hubs. The
polymeric piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride restraints offered by these connectors are the
(PVDF)-is proposed and evaluated. Dynamic major differences in the designs of the Triax
equations for the generalized multi-layered and Varax domes. The domes rest on tension
thin shell coupled with the polymeric rings made of steel or reinforced concrete.
piezoelectrets are derived based on Love's Because of their economy and acoustic
theory and Hamilton's principle. Each layer of quality, Triax and Varax domes are widely
the shell can be a polymeric piezoelectric used for multipurpose facilities involving
control layer subjected to feedback voltages sports, recreational, and social activities. The
resulting in a local control force to suppress the purpose of this paper is to report on a project
vibration of the shell. To demonstrate the that was initiated to formulate a finite
derived equations, a cantilever beam coupled element method of analysis that can predict
with the polymeric piezoelectric actuator is the complete structural response of glulam
derived by directly simplifying the modified space frames and lattice domes up to collapse.
Love's equations. An experimental model was 25 Refs.
395
Excerpts from The Enoineerino Index Annual 1989
Holzer, S.M. (Virginia Polytechnic Inst & State Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY,
Univ, Blacksburg, VA, USA); Huang, C.Y.; USA, 1989 P 743-751.
Davalos, J.F.; Loferski, J.R. Struet Des, Anal Test
Structural Design, Analysis and Testing, STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Proceedings of the sessions at Structures Congress
'89, San Francisco, CA, USA, May 1- 5 1989. Publ 037136 Carrying Capacity and Optimal
by ASCE, New York, NY, USA, 1989 P 914-921. Design of Reinforced Cylindrical
Shells. Models were constructed for
calculating the carrying capacity and
037134 Why Bifurcation: A Study of a optimizing the design of cylindrical shells
Recticulated Dome. Numerical results for a reinforced by regular frames and supported
hexagonal lattice dome subjected to uniform by discrete 'saddle' supports of various
gravity loading are presented. We demonstrate configurations or resting on a continuously
that a perfect nonlinear bifurcation analysis plastic base. The closed shell was considered
plays a crucial role in the identification of the to be made from an ideal rigidly plastic
critical imperfection. In the process we also material with constant thickness with a given
advertise the capabilities of some recently yield point and to be filled with fluid. It was
developed techniques for computational assumed that exhaustion of the shell carrying
bifurcation problems with symmetry. (Author capacity occurs with rupture. Calculations of
abstract) 6 Refs. the upper boundaries of the limit loads were
Healey, Timothy L. (Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY, performed in a broad range of thicknesses.
USA). Struet Des, Anal Test Structural Design, Parameters for the analysis of the shell
Analysis and Testing, Proceedings of the sessions at carrying capacity reinforced by regular
Structures Congress '89, San Francisco, CA, USA, annular ribs were established. Analysis of the
May 1-5 1989. Publ by ASCE, New York, NY, optimal designs shows that the models first
USA, 1989 P 942 - 948. tend to assure a given carrying capacity
because of an increase in thickness and only
037135 Application of Mathematical then are the frames introduced. 4 Refs.
Programming to the Limit Analysis of Shell Dekhtyar, A.S. (Kiev Art Inst, Kiev, USSR). Sov
Structures. Limit analysis of a shell structure Appl Meeh v 23 n 11 May 1988 p 1049-1054.
has been expressed, in the present paper, as a
nonlinear programming problem, where the 037137 Wplyw Geometrycznych I
principle of virtual displacement in Fizycznych Parametrow Trojwarstwowej
combination with rigid perfect-plastic Powloki Wnlcowoj Nn Jej Statecznosc Przy
assumption and von Mises yield criterion are Obclazenlach Zlozonych. [Influence of
used. The structure is separated into several Physical and Geometrical Parameters of
rigid and plastic regions for the purpose of Sandwich Cylindrical Shell Under Composed
saving computer storage, since the Load for its Stability]. The paper presents
displacement functions should be generated numerical analysis results of stability loss for
only in plastic regions. By use of the Lagrange an elastic, open, cylindrical sandwich shell
multiplier method, the primary problem can with light-weight core and with thin faces of
be expressed as a non-linear programming equal thickness. The shell is loaded by
problem without restrictions. By using the composed load, i.e. compression longitudinal
gradient of the object function, a set of forces, lateral surface pressure and shear edge
suitable displacement velocities can be found forces. The influence of shell curvature, shell
by iteraction to minimize the object function length, the thickness of each layer, and the
and obtain an upper bound solution of the core elasticity modulus on the values of upper
ultimate load of the structure. A cylindrical and lower critical load is investigated. (Edited
shell and a tubular T-joint are computed and author abstract) 4 Refs. In Polish.
the results are satisfactory in comparison with Sekulski, Zygmunt; Szyc, Waclaw. Arch Budowy Masz
classical solutions or experimental results. v34n31987p321-336.
(Author abstract) 7 Refs.
Chen, T.Y. (Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, TESTING
China); Chen, W.M.; Wang, Y.Q. Proe Int Offshore
Meeh Arct Eng Symp v II (of VI), Proceedings of the 037138 Deformation and Fracture of
Eighth International Conference on Offshore Two-Layer Metal-Plastic Shells Under
Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-1989, Hague, Internal Shock Loading. The goal of this
Neth, Mar 19-23 1989. Publ by American Soc of paper was to study the feasibility of making
396
Excerpts from The En8ineerin8 Index Annual 1989
397
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
398
Excerpts from The Ennineerinn Index Annual 1989
expanding the displacements into an infinite Temperature-time history and heat flow rates
power series with respect to the radial have been obtained. The problem considered
coordinate of the shell. The present theory has got its application in the transient thermal
takes into account any higher order terms for analysis of an adiabatic engine. Any other
both the static and dynamic problems. Several similar problem in metallurgical, aeronautical,
theories, which have been proposed, can be furnace design, boiler design applications may
deduced by using the lower order terms of our be solved by the formula obtained. (Author
theory. Three typical theories are the third- abstract) 8 Refs.
order theory, the Levinson theory and the Prasad, Ravindra (Banaras Hindu Univ, Varanasi,
Levinson-Voyiadjis-Baluch theory, which are India); Samria, N.K. Appl Sci Res (The Hague) v 46 n
redefined according to the present theory. 2Jun 1989 p 141-157
Numerical results of natural frequencies for
the simply supported cylindrical shell, as well as THERMOELASTICITY
many other theories, are compared with the
exact solutions. (Author abstract) 8 Refs. 037151 Thermoelasticity of a Regularly
Hirano, Kisaburou (Oita Natl Coil of Technology, Nonhomogeneous Thin Curved Layer with
Oita, Jpn); Hirashima, Kenichi.JSME IntJ Ser 1 v 32 Rapidly Varying Thickness. A regular
n 3Jul1989 p 337-340. nonhomogeneous (composite), anisotropic,
thin curved layer with rapidly oscillating
THERMAL EFFECTS material parameters and thickness is
considered for the case when mean thickness
037149 Parabolic Shells Subjected to Solar and period scale have small magnitudes of the
Radiation. Questions of the theory and same order. A three-dimensional
analysis of parabolic shells under solar side and thermoelasticity problem for this layer is
central illumination were considered. A reduced to a homogenized shell model by
thermal balance equation was constructed means of an asymptotic homogenization
incorporating the heat fluxes and coefficients method for periodic structures. This general
of thermal conduction and radiation transfer model is applied to the derivation of
along with expressions for the optical thermoelastic and thermal constitutive
coefficients of metals. Equations were derived equations for network periodic shells. The
for determining the temperature fields. Using relations obtained lay the foundation for a
these fields, the stress-strain states for a new continuous model of thermoelasticity and
parabolic shell closed at the apex and for the heat conductivity for network period shells
domain of connection of the shell to a stiffener and plates. (Edited author abstract) 15 Refs.
ring were examined. 6 Refs. Parton, Vladimir Z. (Moscow Inst of Chemical
Gudramovich, V.S. (Acad of Sciences of the Engineering, Moscow, USSR); Kalamkarov,
Ukrainian SSR, Dnepropetrovsk, USSR); Diskovskii, Aleksandr L. J Therm Stresses v 11 n 4 1989
l.A.; Sel'skii, Yu, S. Sov Appl Meeh v 23 n 11 May P 405-420.
1988 p 1043-1049.
037152 Stochastic Thermoelasticity of
037150 Transient Temperature Distribution Laminated Shells. The paper proposes a
in an Internally and Externally Insulated theory and develops a numeric method for
Cylindrical Shell. This paper presents the computing the stochastic characteristics of
analytical solution for unsteady state stress fields in the layers of a multilayer shell
temperature distribution in a cylindrical shell needed for estimating its reliability and
having thin layer of thermal insulation coating longevity. The statistical characteristics of the
at the inner and outer surfaces. The formula external temperature field are assumed to be
has been derived assuming different initial known. Centered fields of temperatures and
temperatures of shell and insulation coating displacements are considered, assuming that
while the contact between them has also been the expectations of the fields have already
assumed to be imperfect. The internal and been evaluated. The assumptions adopted in
external surfaces of the shell and coatings are the construction of the theory are divided
exposed to the convective boundary into three kinds. Thermophysical hypotheses:
conditions of third kind. The generalized thermophysical parameters of the materials of
formula obtained has been used to obtain the the layers are temperature independent.
warming-up-period of the cylindrical wall of a Mechanical hypotheses: the rigid layers of a
Diesel engine coated internally and externally multilayer shell conform to the Kirchhoff-
by ceramic insulation material. A plot of Love hypothesis. Stochastic hypotheses: the
399
Excerpts from The Ennineerinn Index Annual 1989
statistical characteristics of displacement fields are calculated numerically, and the effects of
and stress fields are analyzed in the the spinning of the shell on the free vibration
framework of a correlation theory. The are studied. (Author abstract) 7 Refs. In
external temperature field is a stationary Japanese.
time-random, space-homogeneous field. Yamada, Cen; Kobayaski, Yukinori; Sawae,
(Edited author abstract) 14 Refs. Tatsuhiro; Irie, Toshihiro. Nippon Kikai Gakkai
Butko, A.M.; Novichkov, Yu.N. Mech Solids v 23 n Ronbunshu C Hen v 54 n 505 Sep 1988 p 2009-2015.
21988 p 133-143.
037155 Evaluation of the Modal Density of
VIBRATIONS Paraboloidal and Similar Shells. Modal
densities of various structures have been found
037153 Nonlinear Analysis of Doubly both theoretically in terms of expressions
Curved Symmetrically Laminated Shallow involving integrals, and also experimentally.
Shells with Rectangular Plan form. A They are of interest to designers of, for
multi-mode solution to the dynamic example, satellite aerials and spacecraft
Marguerre-type nonlinear equations is structures. The theoretical method is
presented for the nonlinear free vibration of hampered by the difficulty of evaluating the
doubly curved, symmetrically laminated, integrals. For certain shells such as a thin
imperfect shallow shells of rectangular plate, spherical cap or circular cylinder, the
plan-form on a Winkler-Pasternak elastic integrals can be evaluated analytically. In this
foundation. The shell edges are assumed to paper a numerical method is presented for
be transversely supported and the variation of the computation of modal densities of other
rotational stiffness is identical along opposite shell geometries, in particular the paraboloidal
edges. Generalized double Fourier series with shell. Both the isotropic and honeycomb types
time-dependent coefficients and the method are considered. Enough details of the
of harmonic balance are used in the solution. numerical method are given to allow the
The boundary condition for the varying reader to adapt it to other shapes for which
rotational stiffness is fulfilled by replacement analytic integration is not possible. (Author
of bending moments along the four edges by abstract) 3 Refs.
an equivalent lateral pressure. Based on a Elliott, C.H. (Portsmouth Polytechnic, Portsmouth,
single-mode approximation numerical results Engl). ] Sound Vib v 126 n 3 Nov 8 1988 P 477 -483.
for the amplitude-frequency response of
doubly curved isotropic, orthotropic, cross-ply 037156 Non-Linear Vibration Analysis of
and angle-ply shallow shells with square Fluid-Filled Cylindrical Shells. A theoretical
plan form are presented for various boundary analysis is presented for determining the
conditions, material properties, curvature elastic non-linear vibrations of a prestressed
ratios, initial imperfections, edge tensions, and thin-walled cylindrical shell filled with an ideal
moduli of the elastic foundation. (Edited fluid. For the vibrations of the shell itself, the
author abstract) 25 Refs. dynamic version of the Sanders non-linear
Chia, C.Y. (Univ of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Can). equations for the case of moderately small
Ing Arch v 58 n 4 1988 P 252 - 264. rotations is employed. Modal expansions are
used for the displacements of the shell middle
037154 Free Vibration of a Spinning surface that are required to satisfy the
Spherical Shell. An analysis is presented for 'classical simply supported' boundary
the free vibration of a spinning spherical shell. conditions and the circumferential periodicity
For this purpose, the governing equations and condition. The fluid is taken as non-viscous
the boundary conditions of the shell are and incompressible, and the coupling between
derived by applying Hamilton's principle to the deformable shell and this medium is taken
the strain and kinetic energies of the shell. into account. The velocity potential is
The variables in the equations can be written expanded in terms of harmonic functions
as summation of the quasi-static components which satisfy the Laplace equation term by
which are independent of time and the term. The Galerkin method is used to reduce
dynamic ones. The linear equations on the the problem to a system of coupled algebraic
vibration about the deformed state are solved non-linear equations for the modal amplitudes.
by using the transfer matrix method. The Solutions are presented to show the effects of
method is applied to a spinning clamped-free fluid and shell parameters on the non-linear
spherical shell. The quasi-static and dynamic vibrations of the shell. (Author abstract) 27
displacement and the frequency parameters Refs.
400
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
Goncalves, P.B. (Pontificia Univ Catolica, Rio de for thick shells of revolution having
Janerio, Braz); Batista, R.C. J Sound Vib v 127 n 1 meridionally varying curvature. Based on the
Nov 221988 P 133-143. improved thick shell theory, the Lagrangian
of the shells of revolution are obtained, and
037157 Hydroelastic Vibrations of Liquid- the equations of motion and the boundary
Filled Finite Length, Rotating Cylindrical conditions are derived from the stationary
Shells. A theoretical investigation is presented condition of the Lagrangian. The method is
for the hydroelastic vibration of finite length, demonstrated for thick shells of revolution
rotating cylindrical shells partially filled with having elliptical, cycloidal, parabolical,
incompressible and nonviscous liquid. Gravity catenary and hyperbolical meridional
and surface tension is neglected, while the curvature. The results by the present method
initial tension due to the rotation is are compared with those by the thin shell
considered. On the basis of the Fluegge-type theory and the effects of the rotary inertia
equations, the shell with both edges clamped is and the shear deformation upon the natural
analyzed by the variation of parameters. It is frequencies are clarified. (Author abstract) 11
found that the magnitude of the initial Refs.
tension due to the centrifugal force depends Suzuki, Katsuyoshi; Yachita, Takumi; Kosawada,
on the rotating speed and the quantity and Tadashi. Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu C Hen v 54
density of liquid. The frequency increases n 508 Dec 1988 p 2822 - 2829.
with the initial tension, while it decreases with
the inertia of liquid. (Author abstract) 7 Refs.
In Japanese. 037160 Asymmetric Vibrations of Shells of
Revolution Having Meridionally Varying
Tani, Junji; Zhang, Hebing. Nippon Kikai Gakkai
Curvature and Thickness. An exact method
Ronbunshu C Hen v 54 n 507 Nov 1988 P
using power series expansions is presented for
2633-2639.
solving asymmetric free vibration problems
for shells of revolution having meridionally
037158 Theoretical and Experimental Study varying curvature and thickness. The
of Vibrations of Thick Circular Cylindrical
governing equations of motion and the
Shells and Rings. The free vibrations of
boundary conditions are derived from the
thick circular cylindrical shells and rings are
stationary conditions of the Lagrangian of the
discussed in this paper. The well-known
shells of revolution. The method is
energy method, which is based on the
demonstrated for shells of revolution having
three-dimensional theory of elasticity, is used
elliptical cycloidal, parabolical, catenary and
in the derivation of the frequency equation of
hyperbolical meridional curvature. The
the shell. The frequency equation yields
natural frequencies are numerically calculated
resonant frequencies for all the
for these shells having second degree
circumferential modes of vibration, including
thickness variation. (Author abstract) 8 Refs.
the breathing and beam-type modes.
In Japanese.
Experimental investigations were carried out
on several models in order to assess the Suzuki, Katsuyoshi; Miura, Kazuyuki; Kosawada,
validity of the analysis. This paper first Tadashi. Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu C Hen v 54
describes briefly the method of analysis. In n 508 Dec 1988 p 2830- 2836.
the end, the calculated frequencies are
compared with the experimental values. A 037161 Free Vibration Analysis of Singly
very close agreement between the theoretical Curved Shell by Spline Finite Strip
and experimental values of the resonant Method. The spline finite strip method has
frequencies for all the models was obtained been applied to the free vibration analysis of a
and this validates the method of analysis. singly curved shell panel. The convergence of
(Author abstract) 14 Refs. the method is reviewed. Additional numerical
Singal, R.K. (Communications Research Cent, examples on shells of different geometrical
Ottawa, Ont, Can); William, K. J Vib Acoust Stress shapes are employed to demonstrate the
Reliab Des v 110 n 4 Oct 1988 p 533-537. accuracy and versatility of the method. Design
charts showing the variations of the four
037159 Asymmetric Vibrations of Thick lowest modes with the geometry of such panels
Shells of Revolution Having Meridionally are presented. (Edited author abstract) 20 Refs.
Varying Curvature. An exact method using Cheung, Y.K. (Univ of Hong Kong, Hong Kong);
power series expansions is presented for Li, W.Y.; Tham, L.G. J Sound Vib v 128 n 3 Feb 8
solving asymmetric free vibration problems 1989 P 411-422.
401
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
037162 Effect of Boundary Conditions on finitely deformed static state and the
the Free Vibrations of Circular Cylindrical superposed secondary dynamical state which
Shells. A simple formula for the natural are obtained, respectively, by the theory of
frequency is derived as an asymptotic solution finite elasticity and the theory of small
for the eigenvalue problems of the breathing deformations superposed on large, elastic
type of free vibrations of a circular cylindrical deformations are solved analytically and in
shell. It is applicable under any possible closed form to yield the frequency expression.
combinations of the boundary conditions for Some numerical results are provided to study
the simply supported, the clamped, and the the effect of several parameters. (Author
free ends. A characteristic value involved in abstract) 12 Refs.
the formula depends on the combination of Evirgen, H. (Cazi Univ, Ankara, Turk); Ertepinar,
three representative boundary conditions A.J Sound Vib v 130 n 2 Apr 221989 P 177-187.
SR(w = u = 0), SF(w = N = 0), and FR(N =
S = 0), indicating that the free vibration 037165 Vibration Analysis of Thick
characteristics depend on whether an end is Rotating Cylindrical Shells Based on the
free or supported and whether the supported Two-dimensional Elasticity Theory. Vibra-
end is allowed or not to move freely in the tion analysis of infinite thick rotating
axial direction. The accuracy of the formula is cylindrical shells is described on the basis of
examined by a comparison with numerical the two-dimensional elasticity theory. Starting
solutions and experimental results. (Author from the state of plane strain, the basic
abstract) 9 Refs. equation in the steady rotating state, which is
Koga, Tatsuzo (Univ of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Jpn). used to obtain the initial stresses, is derived
AIAAJ v 26 n 11 Nov 1988 P 1387-1394. from Hamilton's principle, and the frequency
equation, including the effect of the initial
037163 Inextensional Free Vibrations of stresses due to the rotation, is formulated by
Circular Cylindrical Shells. Asymptotic Ritz's method. The numerical results for the
solutions are obtained for the eigenvalue frequencies in the non-rotating and rotating
problems of the inextensional free vibrations state are compared with those based on
of circular cylindrical shells, considering all 45 Timoshenko type shell theory and the
possible combinations of the boundary available range in the latter theory is
conditions, characterizing the simply examined about the thickness and rotating
supported, the clamped, and the free ends. In speed of a shell. (Author abstract) 7 Refs. In
addition to the well-known L. Rayleigh and Japanese.
A.E.H. Love types of inextensional vibrations Saito, Takashi; Endo, Mitsuru; Fujimoto, Kohji.
for shells with the free ends, a type Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu C Hen v 55 n 511
represented by a linear combination of those Mar 1989 p 525-53l.
classical ones is found in cases where one end
is free and the other is supported in such a
manner that it can move freely in the axial 037166 Free Vibration Analysis of Coupled
direction. The existence of the three types of External Fluid-Elastic Cylindrical Shell-
inextensional mode is proved by an Internal Fluid Systems. The free vibrations
experiment, and the mode shapes are of an infinitely long cylindrical shell under
visualized by holographic interferometry. axisymmetrical hydrodynamic pressures due to
(Author abstract) 7 Refs. external and internal fluids are studied
Koga, Tatsuzo (Univ of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Jpn); theoretically. The basic equations of motion
Saito, Arihumi. AIAA J v 26 n 12 Dec 1988 p for axisymmetric vibrations of such a shell are
1499-1505. given, based on the bending theory. These
equations are solved analytically by means of
037164 Small Radial Vibrations of Layered, Fourier cosine transformation, and the general
H yperelastic, Spherical Shells of Arbitrary frequency equation for the coupled systems is
Wall Thickness Subjected to Finite, Initial obtained by consideration of the dynamic
Radial Deformations. Small, radial vibrations interaction between the shell surface and fluids.
of layered spherical shells of arbitrary wall Furthermore, seven cases are derived from the
thickness and subjected to initial external general coupled frequency equation. The
and/or internal pressure causing finite radial general frequency equation is calculated for
deformations are investigated. The material of some kinds of mass density of the internal
each layer is assumed to be of neo-Hookean fluid. (Edited author abstract) 6 Refs.
type. The governing equations of both the Endo, Ryuji (Inst of Vocational Training, Aihara,
402
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual J989
Jpn); Tosaka, Nobuyoshi. jSME Int j SeT 1 v 32 n 2 of circular cylindrical shells, which are used in
Apr 1989p217-221. centrifugal separators to enrich uranium, and
rotating at higher speeds, it is considered that
037167 Dynamic Stability of Fluid-Coupled circular cylindrical shells are connected with
Coaxial Cylindrical Shells under Vertical bellows. Vibration analysis of circular
Excitation. Theoretical analyses are presented cylindrical shells connected with bellows is
for the dynamic stability of a free-clamped carried out by the substructure synthesis
coaxial cylindrical shell partially filled in the method for various numbers and dispositions
annular gap with incompressible, in viscid of bellows, and the optimum ones are
liquid and subjected to vertical excitation. The examined. Moreover, the transfer matrix
dynamic version of the Donnell equations and method, by which the critical speeds are simply
the velocity potential theory are used for the obtained, is described and the results are
motions of the shell and the liquid, respectively. examined by the substructure synthesis
The problem is solved by using the modified method. (Author abstract) 5 Refs. In Japanese.
Galerkin method so as to satisfy the boundary Saito, Takashi; Endo, Mitsuru; Yachigo, Katsuyuki.
conditions, and the governing equation is Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu C Hen v 55 512 Apr
reduced to a type of coupled Mathieu's 1989 p 887 -893.
equation. The instability boundaries where
parametric resonance occurs are determined 037170 Vibrations of a Cylindrical Shell
by using Hsu's method. It is found that a Acted Upon by Concentrated Loads. We set
principal instability resonance and a up Green's matrix of harmonic vibrations of a
combination instability resonance of the sum circular cylindrical shell of finite length with
type of two natural vibrations, each of which hinging conditions on the edges. The solution
has the same circumferential wave number and is represented by a trigonometric Fourier
different axial mode of vibration, are likely to series in the circumferential coordinate. The
occur. (Edited author abstract) 6 Refs. In coefficients of the series are expressed in
Japanese. terms of elementary functions. The response
Tani, Junji; Sakai, Tatsuyoshi; Chiba, Masakatsu. of shells of infinite and finite length to
Nippon Kikai Gakkai Ronbunshu C Hen v 55 n 512 Apr concentrated actions is compared. The
1989 p 870-876. solution obtained is the kernel of the integral
equations of contact problems of shell
037168 Vibration Analysis of Thick Rotating vibrations. It also enables us, by using simple
Prestressed Cylindrical Shells (1st Report. integration, to calculate the amplitude of
The Case of Exposure to an Initial Torque). oscillation of a shell acted upon by arbitrarily
Vibration analysis of thick rotating cylindrical distributed surface loads. (Author abstract) 8
shells subjected to an initial torque is Refs.
described. The basic equations, including the Averbukh, A.Z.; Mavlyutov, I.G. Meeh Solids v 23
effects of the initial tensions and resultant n 51988 P 130-135.
shear stresses due to rotation, torque, external
pressure and axial compression load, are 037171 Free Vibrations of the Rotating
derived by the Timoshenko-type shell theory. Shells of Revolution. This paper is devoted
By the modified Galerkin's method, frequency to the problems of free vibrations of thin
analysis is carried out for four boundary con- rotating shells. The theory of vibration of
ditions (i.e., both ends (A) clamped with axial rotating shells is part of the theory of an
constraint. (B) Simply supported without arbitrary rotating body and the results which
axial constraint. (C) Simply supported with are valid for an arbitrary body are also valid
axial constraint and (D) clamped without axial for the shells. Though numerical methods are
constraint). Numerical results are compared the main approach to the investigation of the
with those based on the Flugge-type shell dynamics of rotating bodies, some analytical
theory and the difference between both results have been obtained for some simple
theories is examined. (Author abstract) 6 Refs. bodies like rotating beams and discs. The
In Japanese. mathematical theory of nonrotating thin shells
Saito, Takashi; Endo, Mitsuru. Nippon Kikai Gakkai is well developed. Several of the most
Ronbunshu C Hen v 55 n 512 Apr 1989 p 878-885. successful are two-dimensional theories of the
Kirchoff-Love type. The aim of this paper is
037169 Vibration Analysis of Cylindrical to apply asymptotic methods to the solution of
Shells Connected with Bellows. For the the eigenvalue problem for a rotating shell.
purpose of decreasing the lower critical speed The authors use Novozhilov's two-dimensional
403
Excerpts from The Engineering Index Annual 1989
shell theory to obtain the equations of the inconsistencies in the mathematical analysis
vibration of the shell and the theory of carried out by Evensen and also in the
asymptotic integration of the differential physical behavior of the three-term model of
equation to solve the eigenvalue problem for Dowell and Ventres. The comments made by
these equations. 23 Refs. Prathap led to reinvestigation of the earlier
Smirnov, Andrei (Leningrad Univ, Leningrad, problem in the present study. The
USSR).] Appl Meeh Trans ASME v 56 n 2 Jun 1989 axisymmetric part of the assumed deflected
p 423-429. shape plays an important role in the nonlinear
behavior of the shell, and so two appropriate
037172 Dynamic Boundary Layer in three-term mode shapes for the transverse
Problems of Vibration of Shells. Within the displacement are chosen. The modal equations
framework of the three-dimensional theory, obtained by the Galerkin method are solved
the authors consider a thin elastic by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to
axisymmetric shell of revolution of arbitrary obtain the amplitude-frequency relationship.
profile, that executes steady-state oscillations The numerical results based on the present
under the action of an edge load. It was study and on the analysis of Evensen are
established on the basis of the equations of compared with the existing experimental
the classical two-dimensional theory, that for values. (Edited author abstract) 10 Refs.
fixed m and increasing w the variability of the Varadan, T.K. (Indian Inst of Technology, Madras,
stress-strain state of the shell increases, and India); Prathap, G.; Ramani, H.V. AIAA] v 27 n 9
there exist critical frequency values above Sep 1989 p 1303-1304.
which the solution of the force-oscillation
problem becomes a solution of differing 037175 Free Vibrations of Circular
variability. In this paper, the authors consider Cylindrical Shells. The eigenvalue problem
approximate methods of setting up solutions of the free vibrations of thin elastic circular
of differing variability for the equations of cylindrical shells is a well-established classical
elasticity, and consider the use of such topic in structural mechanics. All the
solutions for purposes of approximate characteristic values of interest can now be
investigation of forced oscillations of shells at calculated to a desired degree of accuracy as
frequencies that preclude the use of the routine work with the aid of high-speed
classical two-dimensional theory. 5 Refs. digital computers. A number of analytical
Gol'denveizer, A.L. (Kaplunov, Yu.D.) Meeh Solids v solutions have been proposed, and they may
23 n 41988 P 146-155. help us gain good insight into the physical
nature underlying the numerical data. This
037173 Spline Finite Element for paper reviews the historical background and
Axisymmetric Free Vibrations of Shells of provides a unified view of the current state of
Revolution. A new isoparametric element the art through asymptotic solutions recently
suitable for the analysis of axisymmetric free obtained by the author. Emphasis is placed on
vibrations of shells of revolution is developed the effects of the boundary conditions.
in this paper. This element, which is based on (Edited author abstract) 33 Refs.
classical thin shell theory, employs a set of Koga, Tatsuzo (Univ of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Jpn).
B-spline shape functions for the interpolation ]SME Int] Ser 1 v 32 n 3 Jul 1989 P 311-319.
of the geometry as well as the displacements.
It inherits the merits of both the finite 037176 Improved Multi-Segmental Transfer
element method and spline interpolation. The Matrix Method for Closed Axisymmetric
efficiency and accuracy of the proposed Shells. In literature the vibrating problem of
element are illustrated by examples in the thin, elastic axisymmetric shells is modeled by
paper. (Author abstract) 20 Refs. a set of ordinary differential equations, which
Fan, S.C. (Nanyang Technological Inst, Singapore); are singular at closed ends. This paper
Luah, M.H.] Sound Vib v 132 n 1 Jul 8 1989 P presents an improved multi-segmental transfer
61-72. matrix method to overcome the numerical
difficulties resulted from the singularities.
037174 Nonlinear Free Flexural Vibration Examples are given for the calculations of
of Thin Circular Cylindrical Shells. The several typical axisymmetric shells. (Author
early development on the topic of nonlinear abstract) 5 Refs.
vibrations of isotropic circular cylindrical Jian, Zhao (Zhong Shan Univ, Guangzhou, China);
shells is well documented by Evensen. Hong-zhen, Wang; Wu-hua, Zhu. Proe Int Offshore
Subsequently, Prathap pointed out some Meeh Aret Eng Symp v II (of VI), Proceedings of the
404
Excerpts from The Enaineerina Index Annual 1989
Eighth International Conference on Offshore BirIik, G.A. (Middle East Technical Univ, Ankara,
Mechanics and Arctic Engineering-1989, Hague, Turk); Mengi, Y.] Sound Vib v 130 n 1 Apr 8 1989
Neth, Mar 19-23 1989. Publ by American Soc of P 69-77.
Mechanical Engineers (ASME), New York, NY,
USA, 1989 P 713-718. WA VE EFFECTS
VISCOELASTICITY 037179 Wave Forces on Hemicylinders.
037177 Refined Dynamic Theory for Potential solutions describing the flow about
Viscoelastic Cylindrical Shells and two-dimensional marine structures on or near
the ocean bottom are formulated, based on
Cylindrical Laminated Composites, Part 1:
Airy's wave model. The solutions for a
General Theory. Through the use of a new
half-cylinder and semicircular shell are
technique, approximate theories are developed
considered in detail and evaluated in the case
for the dynamic response of viscoelastic
cylindrical shells and cylindrical laminated of deep submergence. The formulation with
and without flow underneath the structure is
composites. The work is divided into two
given and, in particular, the existence of a
parts. The first part is devoted to the
large difference between the two cases in. the
development of the approximate theories and
vertical forces is shown. The effect of
the second part to the assessment. In this
introducing vorticity at the edges of the shell
part, first the approximate equations of a
is investigated. Numerical results for
single viscoelastic cylindrical shell are derived.
Then, a discrete model (DM) is proposed for hemicylinders resting on the bottom and
slightly raised off the bottom are presented.
a composite made of viscoelastic laminae. In
establishing DM, it is noted that the equations The results obtained for the wave forces are
of a single shell hold also in each lamina of compared with experimental results obtained
the composite. The equations of DM are for a slightly raised, open hemicylinder.
completed by adding the interface continuity (Author abstract) 17 Refs.
conditions to the above-mentioned equations. Chakrabarti, Subrata K. (CBI Research Corp,
Finally, a continuum model (CM) is developed Plainfield, IL, USA); Naftzger, Rober A. Ocean Eng
for a composite shell made of two alternating (Pergamon) v 16 n 1 1989 P 49-69.
layers by using a smoothing operation. eM
simplifies the determination of dynamic WIND EFFECTS
behavior of composite shells when the number
of laminae is large. (Edited author abstract) 037180 Stability of Wind-Loaded Cylindrical
10 Refs. Shells. Stability analysis of perfect and
Mengi, Y. (Cukurova Univ, Adana, Turk); Birlik, imperfect cylindrical shells under wind
pressures is performed using the finite element
G.A.] Sound Vib v 130 n 1 Apr 81989 P 55-67.
method. A 48 degree-of-freedom thin shell
037178 Refined Dynamic Theory for element previously developed by the present
Viscoelastic Cylindrical Shells and authors is used. The element is free from
Cylindrical Laminated Composites, Part 2: both shear and membrane locking and is
An Application. In this study, the general capable of modelling shells with arbitrary
approximate theory developed in Part 1 for imperfections. Nonlinear effects due to
shells is assessed for axially symmetric elastic pre buckling rotations are taken into account.
waves propagating in a dosed circular The nonlinear response is obtained using
cylindrical shell (hollow rod). The spectra Riks-Wempner algorithm. Effects of the
predicted by zeroth and second order imperfection amplitude and that of the
approximate theories are determined for material orthotropy on the limit load points
various values of shell thicknesses and the are studied. Wherever possible, the present
Poisson ratios and they are compared with results are compared with existing results. A
those of exact theory. It is found that the favorable agreement is observed. (Author
agreement between the two is good. abstract) 17 Refs.
Approximate and exact cut-off frequencies Kapania, Rakesh K. (Virginia Polytechnic Inst &
match almost exactly. The approximate State Univ, Blacksburg, VA, USA); Yang, T.Y.]
theory is valid for thin as well as thick shells. Wind Eng Ind Aerodyn v 28 pt 1 n 1- 3 Aug 1988
These results, which are obtained without Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on
using correction factors, give an indication of Wind Engineering, Held under the Auspices of the
the power of the general theories proposed in International Association for Wind Engineering,
Part 1. (Author abstract) 6 Refs. Aachen, West Ger,juI6-10 1987. p 281-290.
405
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418
Index
ACI. See American Concrete Institute Army Warehouse, Columbus, Ohio, 146, 149
Acoustic wave effects, abstracts of articles on, Arslan Jadhib Tomb, Sangbast, Iran, 42, 44
361-62 Art and shell structures, 179-82
Affaita, Izydor, 74 Artificial Leather Industry building, Coswig,
Agamemnon, Tomb of, Mycenae, Greece, 14 Germany, 167
Aghia Parigoritissa, Arta, Greece, 41 Aspidin, Joseph, 122
Airport hangars Astrodome, Houston, Texas, 177, 311-12,
Chicago, 174, 175 313-16
Cuatro Vientos, Spain, 149, 150 Austro-Hungarian Bank, Vienna, 298
Marignane, France, 151, 153 Auxiliary members, 203-6, 208-9, 210, 211,
Seattle, 192 214-15,219-20
thin shells as, 193 and ACI building codes, 345, 351
Albany Mall Meeting Center, Albany, New and barrel shells, 261-63, 267 -68
York, 193
Albert Hall, Kensington, 298
Alberti, 249 Baba Luqman Mausoleum, Sarakhs, Iran, 48
Alessi, Galeazzo, 61 Balat, A. and Maguet, 299
Alfa-Romeo Factory, Milan, 146, 148 Ballou, Louis W., 85
Alvarez Ordonez, Joaquin and Fernando, 158 Baltard, V., 298
Amati, Carlo, 83 Bank of Montreal, Montreal, 86
American Concrete Institute (ACI), 221 Baptistry, Pisa, 57
Ammann and Whitney, 152, 167, 174, 193, Baroni, Giorgio, 145, 146
220 Barrel shells, 21, 26, 99, 130-32, 211
Analysis and design Base, displacement at, and computer analysis,
abstracts of articles on, 362 - 64 235-37
and ACI building codes, 347- 51 Basilica of San Gaudenzio, Novara, 82
Anisotropy, abstract of article on, 364-65 Bass, L. 0., 313
Anticlastic shells, 115, 118 Baucher, Lucien-Jacques, 108
Antonelli, Alessandro, 82 Belfry, Cathedral of Ivan the Great, Moscow,
Apex, displacement at, and computer analysis, 77, 79
237 Bellushi, Pietro, 163
Archimedean solids, 306, 307 Bending, abstracts of articles on, 365
Architects' Co-Partnership, 149 Berecci, Bartolomeo, 74
419
Index
420
Index
421
Index
Fontana, Domenico, 63-65, 72, 242 Great Mosque of the Shah, Isfahan, Iran,
Fontana's rules for masonry domes, 242 50-51,52
Forest Products Pavilion, Portland, Oregon, Greek Orthodox Church, Milwaukee, 154, 155
108 Grid domes, 318
Formige,j. C., 299 GT STRUDL. See Georgia Tech Structural
Formwork, 97,104,145,177 Design Language
plastic foam for, 197 - 200 Guastavino, Rafael, 86
pneumatic, 196 - 97 GUM Department Store, Moscow, 299
rubber membrane as, 190, 192 Gunite method, 146, 163, 195
wooden, 196,211 Gur-e Amir Mausoleum, Samarkand, Soviet
Forum Baths, Pompeii, 27 Union, 49, 50
Fougner, N. K., 124
Foundry Building, Milan, 145 Hadrian Villa, Tivoli, 30, 31
Four-gable hyperbolic paraboloids, 278-83 Hardouin-Mansart, Jules, 74
Fowke, F., 298 Hardy, L., 299
Fowler, Charles, 298 Harris County Sports Stadium. See Astrodome
Fracture, abstracts of articles on, 382-83 Harrison and Abramovitz, 193, 220
Framed domes, 311 Haruniyya Tomb, Tus, Iran, 46, 47
Free nodes displacement and computer Hayden Planetarium, Manhattan, 145
analysis, 237 Heat treatment, abstract of article on, 383
Freyssinet, Eugene, 144, 184, 215 Heins and La Farge, 86
Freyssinet System, 219 Helmle and Hubert, 86
Froehlich, Arthur, 174 Hershey Chocolate Company, ice hockey
Fuller, R. Buckminster, 299, 300, 301-2, arena for, Pennsylvania, 192
318-20,322,323 HipOdromo, Caracas, Venezuela, 174, 176
Funicular polygons, 243, 245-46 Hiroshima Peace Center Monument, 181- 82
Funthaus Church, Vienna, 298 Hisatok, T., 110
Historical masonry domes, spans of, 87 (table)
Hoechel, Eric, 168
Gabellini, 124 Hoffmann, Claus, 167
Galla Placidia, Tomb of, Ravenna, 33 Holy Sepulchre, Jerusalem, 36
Galleria Umberto I, Naples, 299 Hoop forces in domes, 90 - 96
Galleria Victor Emmanuel II, Milan, 298 Hornblower and Marshall, 86
Garcia de Quinones, Andres, 76 Howells and Stokes, 86
Gas Station, Deitingen, Switzerland, 170, 172 Hoyer, E., 215-16
Gaudi, Antonio, 10, 182, 183 Huber, Hunt and Nichols, 316
Gaussian curvature, 117 Hunt, Richard Morris, 299
Geiger, David H., 302-3, 304, 305, 323 Hyperbolic paraboloids, 195, 211
Geldmeister, Charles, 298 in art, 180, 181
General Motors Technical Institute, in Candela's designs, 186
auditorium for, Warren, Michigan, 149, as conoidal surfaces, 132, 133
151 Gaudi's development of, 183
Gensert, R. M., 249 Hyperboloids, 137-42
Geodesic domes, 299-300, 301, 302, 318-20 H yperstatic domes, 204 - 6, 218 - 19
Geometry of shell design, 116, 129-30,305-8
Georgia Tech Structural Design Language
(GT STRUDL), 223 lASS. See International Association for Shells
Gesu Church, Rome, 63 and Spatial Structures
Girard Trust Company, Philadelphia, 86 Ice houses, domes as, 14 -15
Glass and dome design, 297 - 98 Igloos, 22-23
Gonzales Reyna, Jorge, 152 Illinois State University Arena, Normal,
Grand Palais, Louvet, France, 299 Illinois, 303, 323
Gran Madre di Dio, Rome, 83 II Redentore, Venice, 71
422
Index
Imamzada Sayyid Ishaq Tomb, Saveh, Iran, 46 Kresge Auditorium, Massachusetts Institute of
Imamzada Yahya Mausoleum, Varamin, Iran, Technology, Cambridge, Massachussetts,
46, 47 152,154,193,209
Inelastic analysis and ACI building codes, Kuh-i Banan Tomb, Iran, 48, 49
346, 347
Information Pavilion, Brussels, 108
Institute of Arts and Sciences, Brooklyn, 85 - 86 La Clerecia Church, Salamanca, Spain, 76
Instituto Tecnico de la Construccion y del Lambot, Joseph-Louis, 124
Cemento, Constillares, Spain, 160 - 61 Lamella domes, 210, 311-18
International Association for Shells and Lardy, Pierre, 190
Spatial Structures (lASS), 221- 22 Larrosa, Manuel, 157
International Exhibition Facility, New Lattice wood shells, Nara, Japan, 110
Orleans, 163, 165 Layne, Henry M., 174
International Exhibition of 1958, Phillips Le Corbusier, 159, 168
Pavilion at, Brussels, 158-59, 161 Lederer, F., 318
I Quattro libri dell'architettura (The Four Books Lenzlenger Sons Company building,
on Architecture) (Palladio), 71 Switzerland, 170
Ironworks foundry, Lohr, Germany, 161-62 Lesage, 122
Islamic dome, Mimar Sinan's contributions to Les Invalides, Paris, 74
the, 53-55 Leuzinger, Hans, 146
Isler, Heinz, 170, 172, 173, 174, 190-92 Lindsay Park Sports Center, Calgary, Alberta,
Isostatic domes, 204-6, 216, 217 -18 304
luvarra, Filippo, 61 Lissitzky, Elieyer, 180
Little Metropole Cathedral, Athens, 41
Lloyd and Morgan, 313
Jabal I Sang, Kerman, Iran, 45, 46 Lombardo, Pietro, 71
Jackson, P. H., 215 Lombardo, Tullio, 71
Jami Mosque, Ardistan, Iran, 44, 45 Long barrel vaults, 131,244-45,269 (table)
Jami Mosque, Ashtarjan, Iran, 46, 47 Lopez Carmona, Fernando, 154, 156, 162, 168
Jami Mosque, Golpaegan, Iran, 44, 45 Lott, H. A., 313
Jami Mosque, Qazvin, Iran, 44, 46 Loudon, John Claudius, 298
Jami Mosque, Saveh, Iran, 50, 51 Lutheran church, Warsaw, 82
Jami Mosque, Varamin, Iran, 48
Jami Mosque, Zavareh, Iran, 44, 45
Jardin d'Hiver, Laeken Royal Park, Brussels, Macalloy System, 219
299 Mackenzie and Moncur, 298
Jefferson, Thomas, 84 Maderno, Carlo, 65
Johns, Slater & Howard, 108 Madison Square Presbyterian Church, New
Johnson, Drake and Piper, 313 York, 86
Madonna di Loreto, Rome, 65, 67, 68
Madonna di San Biagio, Montepulciano, Italy,
Kaiser Aluminum building, Honolulu, 320 63
Kalff, 168 Maeno, T., 110
Kapnikarea Church, Athens, 39 Magnel, G., 215, 219
Karaganda works, Soviet Union, 213 Magni,83
Khaidukov, G. K., 213 Maguire, C. A., and Associates, 165
Kibble, John, 299 Maillart, Robert, 146, 181, 183
Kibble Palace, Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, 298 Mail-processing facilities, Providence, Rhode
Kiewitt, G. R., 313 Island, 165, 166, 167
Kiewittdomes, 311-12, 313-16 Makowsi, Z. S., 313
Kilns, domes as, 14, 15 -16 Manetti, Antonio, 60
Kingdome, Seattle, 176-78, 192, 324 Manufacture, abstracts of articles on, 383-84
Kirsis, Uldis, 249 Marcus, Henri, 313
423
Index
424
Index
425
Index
426
Index
Statical analysis of structures, 300, 301 Terminal building for Trans World Airlines,
Steel, abstract of article on, 388 Kennedy Airport, New York, 149, 152,
Steel and dome design, 82, 86, 87 (table), 299 167, 168, 169,209
Storage shed, Ferrara, Italy, 146 Testing, abstracts of articles on, 396-97
Storrs, John W., 108 Thatched domes, 21, 22
Strain, abstracts of articles on, 388 - 89 Theiler, Otto, 170
Stresses, abstracts of articles on, 389 - 93 Theodoric, Tomb of, Ravenna, Italy, 33-34
Structural analysis, abstracts of articles on, Theory, abstracts of articles on, 397 -99
393-96 "Theory of Bridge Girder Systems"
Structural behavior of shells, 89-90,122-23, (Schwedler), 300
210-11 Thermae of Agrippa, Rome, 27
conoidal domes, 95-96 Thermae of Caracalla, Rome, 30
spherical domes, 90 - 94 Thermae of Diocletian, Rome, 32
thin shells, 143 Thermal effects, abstracts of articles on, 399
Structural design, abstracts of articles on, 396 Thermoelasticity, abstracts of articles on,
STRUDL II, 327 399-400
Stupas, 23-24 Thin shells, 119-20, 135, 143, 193-94
Styrofoam, 197 - 200, 202 and ACI building codes, 343, 345
Suncoast Dome, St. Petersburg, Florida, 303, computer analysis of, 223-37
323, 324 experimentation on, 144, 145, 182
Superdome, New Orleans, 176, 177, 316, 324 and ferrocement, 125
Superga, Turin, 61 Tibaldi, Pellegrino, 61
Suuronen, Matti, 201 Tile domes, 86
Sverdrup and Parcel, 316 Timber Development Association, 108
Swimming pool, Draney, France, 318 Timbrel vaulting, 100 -1 02
Swiss National Exhibition, Cement Hall at, T.M.P. Associates, 110
Zurich, 146, 148 Tombs, rock-cut, 13 -14
Symbolism of domes, 4 - 11 Tomb Tower, Lajin, Iran, 42, 44
Synclastic shells, 115, 117, 118 Toroidal shells, 153
Syon House, 298 Torroja Miret, Eduardo, 141, 144, 145, 146,
149,185,221
Trade fair building, Afghanistan, 320
Treasury of Atreus, Mycenae, Greece, 14
Tacoma Dome, Tacoma, Washington, Trosch Company factory, Switzerland, 170
109-10, III Trowbridge and Livingston, 145
Tacoma Dome Associates, 109-10 Tylman of Gameren, 74
Taillibert, R., 170
Taj Mahal, Agra, India, 53, 54
Takenaka Komuten Company, 325 Umbrella-type hyperbolic paraboloids, 283-93
Talayots, 21 UNESCO building, entrance canopy for, Paris,
Talin, Vladimir Evgrafovitch, 180 136,137
Tange, Kenzo, 168, 181 Union Tank Car Company plant, Baton
Tedesko, Anton, 146, 185-86, 192 Rouge, Louisiana, 320
Tempietto in San Pietro in Montorio, Rome, 62 Universal Brotherhood and Theosophical
Temple of Diana, Baiae, Italy, 27 Society, San Diego, 299
Temple of Mercury, Baiae, Italy, 28 University of Illinois, Assembly Hall, Urbana,
Temple of Venus, Baalbek, Syria, 32 193
Temple of Venus, Baiae, Italy, 27 University of Virginia, Charlottesville, 85
Temple of Vesta, Rome, 30 Utzon, Jorn, 136, 175
Tennis center, Heimburg, Switzerland, 170
Tensegrity, 322, 323
Terminal building, St. Louis airport, St. Louis, Vacchini, F., 158
Missouri, 152, 154, 155 Van Buren Magonigk, H., 86
427
Index