Overview
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Content
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History of Concern with VOC Emissions
Home interiors testing Sick Building Syndrome
School computer labs
Office buildings
Vehicles
Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association adopts voluntary
Japanese Health Ministry guidelines for air quality in homes
US and European Auto manufacturers begin to work toward lower
interior VOCs
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Interior Components Sources of Emission
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Other Sources of VOC Emission
Cleaners
Strippers
Solvents
Lubricants
Flame Retardant
Waxes
Protectant
HVAC system intakes
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VOC Test Type Overview
Headspace
Material test material is placed in a small vial, heated and read directly by
GC or GCMS.
Thermal desorption
Material test material is packed in desorption tube, heated and analyzed.
VOC, SVOC/Fog
Chamber
Test sample is housed in a temperature controlled chamber where clean air is
passed through the chamber and the exhaust is sampled.
Bag
Test sample is sealed in a bag, baked for some period of time, and then the
bag atmosphere is sampled.
Vehicle
Entire vehicle is placed in a chamber. Sniffer probes are placed in various
places inside the vehicle. High intensity lights are used to heat the interior of
the vehicle. The sniffer probes are sampled after some amount of soak time.
Content testing
Chemical breakdown of the material (usually liquid or aerosol) is done and
compounds of interest are quantified. More typical for consumer products or
paints and coatings.
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Headspace Methods
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Thermal Desorption - Direct
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Chamber/Bag Method
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Full Vehicle Method Example
Chamber Lamps On AC On
Chamber Temp (C)
40
Sample BG
Sample BG
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Emission Sampling Variables
Temperature
Anywhere from 20C to 120C
Sample flow rate
0.1 L/min to 1 L/min
Sample duration
10 minutes to a few hours
Purge media
Nitrogen, humidified clean air, shop air
Background sample
Background to be subtracted from the final results.
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European Methods
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Japanese/Korean Auto OEM Methods
Nissan
Bag Method
Toyota
Bag Method
Honda
Bag Method, No Background
Mazda
Chamber Method
Isuzu
Bag Method
Hyundai/Kia
Bag Method
Mitsubishi
Bag Method
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US Auto OEM Methods
GM
Headspace (Old specification)
Direct Thermal Desorption
Bottle analysis for Aldehydes and Ketones with HPLC
Full Vehicle VOC and SVOC
Ford
Fog, References SAE
Odor, References SAE
Headspace VOC
Bottle analysis for Aldehydes and Ketones with HPLC
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Collection/Conditioning Chambers
Range from canisters and chambers to large tedlar bags for parts
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Sampling/Collection Systems
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Analysis Equipment
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GC/MS Sample Run Example
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Testing Issues
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Trends in US Automotive
Each OEM has now well established the methods used for
evaluation of materials for VOC/SVOC emission.
Many complicated chamber evaluation Bags can be difficult to open and close
techniques and reseal.
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Comparison information continued
Maximum Surface area exposed for Closer to real surface area exposure.
emission.
Simple to ship and work with in the Assemblies can be large and difficult
lab. to ship and work with in the lab.
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Thank You!
Any Questions?
Joe Franklin
Intertek Automotive Research
Joe.franklin@intertek.com
210-523-4671
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