Polyflow BMTF WS04 Bottle Blow Molding

Chapter 4: 3D Blow Molding of a Bottle
4.1. Prerequisites
This tutorial assumes that you are familiar with the menu structure in Polydata and Workbench and
that you have solved or read 2.5D Axisymmetric Extrusion (p. ?). Some steps in the setup procedure
will not be shown explicitly.
4.2. Description
This tutorial simulates a typical blow molding situation for a bottle. In the present case, it is assumed
that a cylindrical parison with uniform thickness distribution has been extruded. The present calculation
involves two major steps; parison pinch-off due to mold closing, and inflation. Figure 4.1: Blow Molding
Initial Configuration (p. 1) shows a sketch of the process in the initial configuration, before the pinch-
off and parison inflation.
Figure 4.1: Blow Molding Initial Configuration
From a geometric point of view, the initial parison has the following dimensions:
height = 0.276 m
radius = 0.0225 m
Release 15.0 - SAS IP, Inc. All rights reserved. - Contains proprietary and confidential information
of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates. 1
3D Blow Molding of a Bottle
initial thickness = 0.003 m
The thickness of the fluid parison is much smaller than the other two dimensions of the bottle, which
allows for the use of the membrane (shell) element, which is suited for the analysis of 3D blow molding
simulations. It is important to remember when preparing the surface mesh, that the mesh elements on
the mold should not be the same order of magnitude as the expected final local thickness. The use of
the membrane element is presently restricted to time-dependant flows and is combined with Lagrangian
representation. In other words, each mesh node is a material point.
The finite element mesh and the boundary conditions are displayed in Figure 4.2: Finite Element Mesh,
Subdomains, and Boundary Sets (p. 2). As shown, a full 3D finite element is built for both the mold
and the parison. Only a surface mesh is needed for both the mold and the parison, but the most im-
portant aspect remains the proper description of the inner mold surfaces that will shape the bottle.
The parison has the following material properties in SI units:
model: shell model, Gen. Newtonian isothermal
viscosity = 104
density = 900 kg/m3
inertial terms taken into account
Figure 4.2: Finite Element Mesh, Subdomains, and Boundary Sets
As seen in Figure 4.2: Finite Element Mesh, Subdomains, and Boundary Sets (p. 2), the mesh topology
involves three subdomains (MoldLeft, parison, and Moldright) and two boundary sets (TopEdge and
2 of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.
Step 1: Project and Mesh
BottomEdge). The fluid parison is covered by the subdomain named parison while MoldLeft and
MoldRight will be defined as molds. Along boundary sets TopEdge and BottomEdge, a symmetry
boundary condition will be imposed. The inflation pressure will be defined on the subdomain repres-
enting the parison.
4.3. Preparation
To prepare for running this tutorial:
1. Prepare a working folder for your simulation.
2. Go to the ANSYS Customer Portal, https://support.ansys.com/training.
Note
If you do not have a User Name and Password, you can register by clicking Customer
Registration on the Log In page.
3. Enter the name of this tutorial into the search bar.
4. Narrow the results by using the filter on the left side of the page.
a. Click ANSYS Polyflow under Product.
b. Click 15.0 under Version.
5. Select this tutorial from the list.
6. Click Files to download the input and solution files.
7. Unzip the 3D-Blow-Molding-Bottle_R150.zip file you have downloaded to your working folder.
The mesh file bottle.msh can be found in the unzipped folder.
8. Start Workbench from Start All Programs ANSYS 15.0 Workbench 15.0.
4.4. Step 1: Project and Mesh

1. Create a Fluid Flow - Blow Molding (Polyflow) analysis system by drag and drop in Workbench.
2. Save the ANSYS Workbench project using File Save, entering instanet-PF-only as the name of
the project.
3. Import the mesh file (bottle.msh).
4. Double-click the Setup cell to start Polydata.
When Polydata starts, the Create a new task menu item is highlighted, and the geometry for the
problem is displayed in the Graphics Display window.
4.5. Step 2: Model the Right Mold

In this step, define the task representing the right half of the mold.
1. Create a task for the model.
Create a new task
a. Select the following options:
F.E.M. task
Time-dependent problem(s)
2D shell geometry
b. Click Accept the current setup.
2. Define the right mold.
Define molds
a. Create the new mold.
Create a new mold
Click Mold with constant and uniform temperature.
A panel opens, asking for the title of the mold.
b. Enter Mold-Right and click OK.
The Domain of the mold menu item is highlighted.
3. Define the domain where the mold applies.
Domain of the mold
Step 2: Model the Right Mold
a. Select MOLDLEFT and click Remove.
b. Select PARISON and click Remove.
c. Click Upper level menu at the top of the Domain of the mold menu.
4. Define the contact boundary conditions.
Contact conditions
a. Select No contact along MOLDRIGHT and click Modify.
b. Select Contact and click Upper level menu twice.
5. Define the motion of the mold.
Mold motion
a. Click Mold motion type : fixed mold.
A small panel opens, asking you to specify the type of mold motion.
Enter 1 as the New value, to impose a translation velocity, and click OK.
b. Click the EVOL button at the top of the Polydata menu to enable evolution inputs.
c. Set the mold translation velocity.
Modify translation velocity
Polydata prompts for velocity-x.
i. Specify the x-velocity.
Step 2: Model the Right Mold
Click OK to accept the default value of 0 for the New value of velocity-x.
Polydata asks you to the specify the time dependence of the x-velocity. Click Upper level
menu, as there is no velocity in the x-direction.
ii. Specify the y-velocity.
Click OK to accept the default value of 0 for the New value of velocity-y, and click Upper
level menu, as there is no velocity in the y-direction.
iii. Specify the z-velocity.
Enter 0.736842 m/s for the New value of velocity-z and click OK.
iv. Specify the time dependence of the z-velocity.
Select f(t) = Ramp function.
v. Define the coordinate pairs (a,b) and (c,d) for the points that define the ramp function.
Click Modify the value of a.
Enter 0.09 as the New value and click OK.
vi. In a similar manner, set the values for b, c, and d to -1.0, 0.1, and 0, respectively.
Figure 4.3: Ramp Function for Right Mold Velocity (p. 8) shows the ramp function you just
defined.
Figure 4.3: Ramp Function for Right Mold Velocity
Click Upper level menu to return the Mold motion menu.
vii. Click the EVOL button at the top of the menu to disable evolution inputs.
viii. Click Upper level menu two times to return to the Define molds menu.
4.6. Step 3: Model the Left Mold

In this step, define the task representing the left half of the mold.
1. Create the new mold.
Create a new mold
A panel opens, asking if you want to copy the data of an existing mold.
Click No.
a. Click Mold with constant and uniform temperature.
Step 3: Model the Left Mold
b. Enter Mold-Left as the New value and click OK.
The Domain of the mold menu item is highlighted.
2. Define the domain where the mold applies.
Domain of the mold
a. Select MOLDRIGHT and click Remove.
b. Select PARISON and click Remove.
c. Click Upper level menu at the top of the Domain of the mold menu.
3. Define the contact boundary conditions.
Contact conditions
a. Select No contact along MOLDLEFT and click Modify.
b. Select Contact and click Upper level menu twice.
4. Define the motion of the left mold.
Mold motion
a. Click Mold motion type : fixed mold.
A small panel opens, asking you to specify the type of mold motion.
Enter 1 as the New value, to impose a translation velocity, and click OK.
b. Click the EVOL button at the top of the Polydata menu to enable evolution inputs.
c. Set the mold translation velocity.
Modify translation velocity
Polydata prompts for velocity-x.
i. Specify the x-velocity.
Click OK to accept the default value of 0 for the New value of velocity-x.
Polydata asks you to the specify the time dependence of the x-velocity. Click Upper level
menu, as there is no velocity in the x-direction.
ii. Specify the y-velocity.
Click OK to accept the default value of 0 for the New value of velocity-y, and click Upper
level menu, as there is no velocity in the y-direction.
iii. Specify the z-velocity.
Enter 0.736842 m/s for the New value of velocity-z and click OK.
iv. Specify the time dependence of the z-velocity.
Select f(t) = Ramp function.
v. Define the coordinate pairs (a,b) and (c,d) for the points that define the ramp function.
Click Modify the value of a.
vi. In a similar manner, set the values for b, c, and d to 1.0, 0.1, and 0, respectively.
Step 4: Definition of the Parison Sub-task
Figure 4.4: Ramp Function for Left Mold Velocity (p. 11) shows the ramp function you just
defined.
Figure 4.4: Ramp Function for Left Mold Velocity
vii. Click Upper level menu to return the Mold motion menu.
d. Click the EVOL button at the top of the menu to disable evolution inputs.
e. Click Upper level menu three times to return to the F.E.M. Task 1 menu.
The Create a sub-task menu item is highlighted.
4.7. Step 4: Definition of the Parison Sub-task

In this step, define the nature of the flow problem, identify the domain of definition, set the relevant material
properties for the fluid, and define boundary conditions along its boundaries.
1. Create a sub-task for the fluid.
Create a sub-task
a. Select Shell model : Gen. Newtonian isothermal.
A small panel opens, asking for the title of the problem.
b. Enter Parison as the New value and click OK.
The Domain of the sub-task menu item is highlighted.
2. Define the domain where the sub-task applies.
Domain of the sub-task
a. Select MOLDLEFT and click Remove.
b. Select MOLDRIGHT and click Remove.
c. Click Upper level menu button at the top of the Domain of the sub-task menu.
The Flow boundary conditions menu item is highlighted.
3. Specify the flow boundary conditions.
Flow boundary conditions
a. Select Zero wall velocity (vn=vs=0) along BOTTOMEDGE and click Modify.
i. Click Plane of symmetry ( fs=0, vn=0 ).
ii. Select normal direction along Y axis.
iii. Click Upper level menu to continue specifying flow boundary conditions.
b. Select Zero wall velocity (vn=vs=0) along TOPEDGE and click Modify.
i. Click Plane of symmetry ( fs=0, vn=0 ).
ii. Select normal direction along Y axis.
iii. Click Upper level menu to return to the Flow boundary conditions menu.
c. Click Inflation pressure imposed at the bottom of the Flow boundary conditions menu.
Darts will be displayed in the Graphics Display window, to indicate the orientation of the pressure
on the parison.
d. Zoom in on the darts to view their orientation.
As shown in the figure that follows, the darts point into the center of the parison.
e. Click Constant for the inflation pressure.
A panel opens, asking for the new value of the constant.
Enter -1e4 as the New value and click OK.
The pressure is negative due to the orientation of the darts.
f. Click the EVOL button at the top of the Polydata menu to enable evolution inputs.
g. Click Upper level menu.
h. Define the settings in the Time dependence of inflation pressure menu that opens.
i. Select f(t) = Ramp function.
ii. Click Modify the value of a, enter 0.1 as the New value, and click OK.
iii. In a similar manner, set the values for b, c, and d to 0, 0.2, and 1.0, respectively.
Figure 4.5: Ramp Function for Pressure (p. 14) shows the ramp function you just defined.
Figure 4.5: Ramp Function for Pressure
i. Click Upper level menu.
j. Click the EVOL button at the top of the Polydata menu to disable evolution inputs.
k. Click Upper level menu to return to the Parison menu.
4. Define the contact with the right mold.
Define contacts
a. Click Create a new contact problem.
The Modification of a contact problem menu will open with the Select a contact wall menu
item highlighted.
b. Define the contact wall.
i. Click Select a contact wall.
ii. Select Mold-Right : Contact along MOLDRIGHT and click Select.
c. Specify the coefficients and accuracy.
i. Click Modify the slipping coefficient.
Retain the default of 1e+09 and click OK.
ii. Click Modify the penalty coefficient.
iii. Click Modify the penetration accuracy.
d. Define the orientation of the mold.
i. Increase the size of the darts that will be used to display the orientation, to ensure that they
are visible.
Graphical window Sizing Darts Size up
ii. Zoom out so that the bottle-shaped cavity is visible.
iii. Click Specify mold side / cavity side.
Darts will be displayed in the Graphics Display window, as shown in the following figure.
iv. Click No in the panel that opens, to specify that the darts are not pointing towards the mold
body.
If the direction of the darts is not clear to you, you can close the panel, rotate the view and/or
change the magnification, click Specify mold side / cavity side again, and then answer
the question appropriately.
v. Click Upper level menu to return to the Define contacts menu.
5. Define the contact with the left mold.
Create a new contact problem
The Modification of a contact problem menu will open with the Select a contact wall menu item
highlighted.
a. Define the contact wall.
i. Click Select a contact wall.
ii. Select Mold-Left : Contact along MOLDLEFT and click Select.
b. Specify the coefficients and accuracy.
i. Click Modify the slipping coefficient.
ii. Click Modify the penalty coefficient.
iii. Click Modify the penetration accuracy.
c. Define the orientation of the mold.
i. Rotate the view slightly to display the bottle-shaped cavity from an oblique angle.
ii. Click Specify mold side / cavity side.
Darts will be displayed in the Graphics Display window, as shown in the following figure.
iii. Click No in the panel that opens, to specify that the darts are not pointing towards the mold
body.
If the direction of the darts is not clear to you, you can close the panel, rotate the view and/or
change the magnification, click Specify mold side / cavity side again, and then answer
the question appropriately.
iv. Click Upper level menu to return to the Define contacts menu.
d. Click Upper level menu to return to the Parison menu.
e. Click OK in the warning box that opens, to acknowledge that the velocity prediction must be dis-
abled.
6. Define the layers of the parison.
Define layers
a. Click Create a new layer.
In the panel that opens, enter parison as the New value.
The parison menu will open with the Material data menu item highlighted.
b. Specify the material data for the parison.
Material Data
i. Click Shear-rate dependence of viscosity.
ii. Click Constant viscosity.
iii. Click Modify fac.
Step 5: Specify the Numerical Parameters
Enter 10000 as the New value and click OK.
iv. Click Upper level menu twice to continue with material data specification.
v. Click Density.
vi. Click Modification of density.
Enter 900 kg/m3 as the New value and click OK.
vii. Click Upper level menu to continue with the material data specification.
viii. Click Inertia terms.
ix. Select Inertia will be taken into account and click Upper level menu twice to return to the
parison menu.
c. Specify the initial thickness.
Initial thickness
i. Click Constant.
Enter 0.003 m as the New value and click OK.
ii. Click Upper level menu four times to return to the F.E.M. Task 1 menu.
4.8. Step 5: Specify the Numerical Parameters
Numerical parameters
1. Click Modify the transient iterative parameters.
2. Click Modify the initial time value.
Retain the default of 0.0 s and click OK.
3. Click Modify the upper time limit.
Enter 2.0 s as the New value and click OK.
4. Click Modify the initial value of the time-step.
5. Click Modify the min value of the time-step.
6. Click Modify the max value of the time-step.
7. Click Modify the tolerance.
Retain the default of 0.01 and click OK.
8. Click Modify the max number of successful steps.
Retain the default of 200 s and click OK.
9. Click Upper level menu three times to return to the top-level Polydata menu.
4.9. Step 6: Outputs
Outputs
1. Set the system of units to output to CFD-Post.
Set units for CFD-Post, Ansys Mapper or Iges
2. Confirm that Current system is set to metric_MKSA+Kelvin.
The Current system is shown at the top of the Change system of Units for specific outputs menu.
3. Click Upper level menu twice to return to the top-level Polydata menu.
4.10. Step 7: Save the Data and Exit Polydata
Save and exit
After defining your model in Polydata, save the data file. In the next step, you will have to read this data file
into Polyflow and calculate a solution.
1. Click Accept.
2. Click Continue.
This accepts the default names for the graphical output files (cfx.res) that are to be saved for post-
processing, and the Polyflow format results file (res).
4.11. Step 8: Solution

Run Polyflow to calculate a solution for the model you just defined using Polydata.
1. Run Polyflow by right-clicking the Solution cell of the simulation and selecting Update.
This executes Polyflow using the data file as standard input, and writes information about the problem
description, calculations, and convergence to a listing file (polyflow.lst).
2. Check for convergence in the listing file.
a. Right-click the Solution cell and select Listing Viewer....
Workbench opens the View listing file panel, which displays the listing file.
Step 9: Postprocessing
b. It is a common practice to confirm that the solution proceeded as expected by looking for the
following printed at the bottom of the listing file:
The computation succeeded.
4.12. Step 9: Postprocessing

Use CFD-Post to view the results of the Polyflow simulation.
1. Double-click the Results cell in the Workbench analysis system.
CFD-Post reads the solution fields that were saved to the results file.
2. Change the view in the Graphics Display window as shown in the figure that follows.
3. Display contours of thickness in the fluid region (PARISON).
a. Click the Insert menu and select Contour or click the button.
b. In the panel that opens, click OK to accept the default name (Contour 1) and display the details
view below the Outline tree.
c. Specify the following settings in the Geometry tab:
i. Select PARISON_surf from the Locations drop-down list.
ii. Select THICKNESS from the Variable drop-down list, or click the ellipsis button ( ) on the
right and select THICKNESS.
iii. Change Range to User Specified.
iv. Enter 0.0006 m for Min and 0.003 m for Max.
v. Click Apply.
d. Disable the Wireframe in the Outline tree tab, under User Locations and Plots.
This makes for a cleaner image by removing the Wireframe lines.
Figure 4.6: Contours of Thickness on the Parison
4. Display the parison with the mold.
a. Enable and double-click MOLDLEFT_surf in the Outline tree tab, under PFL at 2s.
b. Enter 0.7 for Transparency in the Render tab in the details view of MOLDLEFT_surf.
The contours of thickness on the parison would not be visible without increasing the transparency
of the mold.
c. Click Apply.
d. In a similar manner, display MOLDRIGHT_surf.
5. Display contours of thickness at various time steps.
Polydata exported a total of 81 time steps to CFD-Post.
a. Click the Timestep Selector icon ( ).
b. Scroll up in the Timestep Selector dialog box and select Step 1.
c. Click Apply.
Figure 4.7: Thickness of the Film at Time = 0.01 s
d. Repeat steps 5. a.c. for timesteps 28, 58, and 81.
Figure 4.8: Contours of Thickness at Time = 0.09253 s
6. Create an animation for the contour plot.
a. Click the animation icon ( ).
b. Ensure Quick Animation is selected in the Animation dialog box.
c. Select Timesteps.
d. To save the animation, expand the dialog box by clicking the button at the lower-right.
i. Enable Save Movie.
ii. Click the file icon to the right and enter the path where you would like to save the animation.
Enter Thickness.wmv for the name of the file and click Save to close the Save Movie
dialog box.
wmv and mpg are the recommended formats.
iii. Disable to save only one cycle of animations.
iv. Click the play button, to play the animation and save it as a file.
4.13. Summary
This tutorial introduced the concept of a parison blow molding problem. The two halves of the mold
moved into contact with the parison, where it became pinched, and a vacuum was applied to the par-
ison. This blew the parison into the mold where it assumed the shape of the mold, which was a bottle
in this case.
You represented the parison by a shell geometry under the valid assumption that the thickness of the
parison was much smaller than the other two dimensions (diameter and height). Polyflow linearly inter-
Further Improvements
polated the process variablesthickness, velocity and position. By reporting the individual time steps
to CFD-Post you were able to view the thickness of the product as a function of time.
4.14. Further Improvements

In many practical cases, the use of adaptive meshing based on contact, remeshing, or both may be
useful to selectively and automatically refine the mesh during the solution. To illustrate the effects of
such refinement, this tutorial has been run with contact adaptive meshing enabled and made available
as instanet-PF-adapt.wbpj in the 3D-Blow-Molding-Bottle_R150\solution_files
folder you unzipped in Preparation (p. ?). The following settings were specified:
F.E.M. Task 1
Numerical parameters
Adaptive meshing
Activate adaptive meshing for contacts
Enable all the local criteria
Switch to calculated from angle and curvature
Modify size_min = 0.002
Modify tolerance = 0.001
Modify size_max = 0.01
Modify dist_crit = 0.005
Modify Nstep = 5
Modify Maxdiv = 1
For additional information on adaptive meshing, see Adaptive Meshing.
The results are shown in Figure 4.11: Effect of Adaption on Final Mesh and Thickness Variation (p. 32).
Figure 4.11: Effect of Adaption on Final Mesh and Thickness Variation
4.15. Appendix
The appendix contains the following topics:
4.15.1. Contact Boundary Conditions
4.15.2. Remark on the Penalty Coefficient
4.15.3. Remeshing
4.15.4. Evolutions
4.15.1. Contact Boundary Conditions

As seen, the parison subdomain, which describes the fluid, will eventually come in contact with the
mold. Other than its material parameters, the parison also receives some process parameters: inflation
pressure and the contact with the (moving) molds. In all blow molding and related applications, the
definition of the contact is an important aspect as it will eventually lead to the desired shape. The
Appendix
contact involves a "what" and a "how". The "what" describes the geometry of the parison and the mold
surface it may come in contact with (contact problem). The "how" refers to other process parameters,
such as a moving mold. In this case, a velocity (that is possibly time dependent) must be specified for
the mold. In some cases, the material may slip along the contact wall, which can also be taken into
account.
Along with these operating attributes, some numerical parameters must be specified. A geometrical
algorithm is applied for detecting the contact, while a penalty formation is used for the treatment of
the contact. A penalty coefficient ensures that a geometrical contact is detected. It should not be too
small. A coefficient is also specified in the tangential direction. If the fluid sticks along the wall, this
tangential coefficient should preferably receive the same value as the penalty coefficient. Two additional
coefficients are also needed; a tolerance on penetration accuracy and an element dilatation.
Presently, the penalty coefficient and the slipping coefficient (tangential direction) are both set to 109.
The tolerance on penetration and element dilatation are equal to 0.001 and 0.002 m respectively.
4.15.2. Remark on the Penalty Coefficient

The large value of the penalty coefficient can never guarantee an exactly vanishing normal velocity at
the contact. Instead, a residual normal velocity will remain even after mold contact. The amplitude of
this residual velocity will depend on the penalty coefficient. In most cases, the residual velocity is as
low as 10-310-6.
In classical blow molding applications, such residual velocity will not produce any significant numerical
penetration of the fluid parison through the mold in view of the short times involved (physically, blow
molding process is very fast). However, some situations may involve longer time scales such as in the
glass industry.
The question that is now raised concerns the best evaluation of the penalty coefficient. The penalty
formulation mainly establishes a balance between a force (for example: the inflation pressure, ) and
a penalty force because of contact. The penalty force is simply the product of the penalty coefficient,
, and the residual velocity of the parison upon contact. The other variables of the momentum equation
can be omitted for the present problem. Considering a typical time scale, (for example, the simulation
time), and a maximum penetration depth that can be practically accepted, , a good penalty coefficient
can be selected as:
4.15.3. Remeshing
No remeshing needs to be specified for this case. In the context of the membrane element, a Lagrangian
representation is applied where all mesh nodes are considered material points.
4.15.4. Evolutions
The present case involves a mold motion followed by inflation.
For the mold motion, the x and y-components are zeros. The two mold halves move only in the z-dir-
ection at the same speed but in opposite directions. The two mold halves move at 0.736842 m/s in the
z-direction. To control the duration and the direction of the motion, a simple ramp function is applied
on the mold speed. The ramp function is multiplied by the z-velocity component to give each half of
the mold the proper speed in the appropriate direction.

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Chapter 4: 3D Blow Molding of a Bottle

Figure 4.1: Blow Molding Initial Configuration

initial thickness = 0.003 m

The parison has the following material properties in SI units:

model: shell model, Gen. Newtonian isothermal

density = 900 kg/m3

inertial terms taken into account

Figure 4.2: Finite Element Mesh, Subdomains, and Boundary Sets

1. Prepare a working folder for your simulation.

2. Go to the ANSYS Customer Portal, https://support.ansys.com/training.

3. Enter the name of this tutorial into the search bar.

a. Click ANSYS Polyflow under Product.

b. Click 15.0 under Version.

5. Select this tutorial from the list.

6. Click Files to download the input and solution files.

The mesh file bottle.msh can be found in the unzipped folder.

4.4. Step 1: Project and Mesh

3. Import the mesh file (bottle.msh).

4. Double-click the Setup cell to start Polydata.

4.5. Step 2: Model the Right Mold

1. Create a task for the model.

Create a new task

a. Select the following options:

b. Click Accept the current setup.

2. Define the right mold.

a. Create the new mold.

Create a new mold

Click Mold with constant and uniform temperature.

A panel opens, asking for the title of the mold.

b. Enter Mold-Right and click OK.

The Domain of the mold menu item is highlighted.

3. Define the domain where the mold applies.

Domain of the mold

a. Select MOLDLEFT and click Remove.

b. Select PARISON and click Remove.

4. Define the contact boundary conditions.

a. Select No contact along MOLDRIGHT and click Modify.

b. Select Contact and click Upper level menu twice.

5. Define the motion of the mold.

a. Click Mold motion type : fixed mold.

c. Set the mold translation velocity.

Modify translation velocity

Polydata prompts for velocity-x.

i. Specify the x-velocity.

ii. Specify the y-velocity.

iii. Specify the z-velocity.

iv. Specify the time dependence of the z-velocity.

Select f(t) = Ramp function.

Click Modify the value of a.

Enter 0.09 as the New value and click OK.

Figure 4.3: Ramp Function for Right Mold Velocity

Click Upper level menu to return the Mold motion menu.

4.6. Step 3: Model the Left Mold

1. Create the new mold.

Create a new mold

a. Click Mold with constant and uniform temperature.

b. Enter Mold-Left as the New value and click OK.

The Domain of the mold menu item is highlighted.

2. Define the domain where the mold applies.

Domain of the mold

a. Select MOLDRIGHT and click Remove.

b. Select PARISON and click Remove.

3. Define the contact boundary conditions.

a. Select No contact along MOLDLEFT and click Modify.