OPIC 1: THE APPLICABLE LAWS

................................
................................
................................
................................
............
7
LAW: PD 442 AS AMENDED BY RA 6715 APPROVED ON
MARCH 21, 1989
................................
................................
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.....................
7
CONCEPT OF LABOR
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.......
7
FOUR SYSTEMS OF LABOR
................................
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................................
................................
................................
..............................
7
THREE FIELDS
OF LABOR LAW (S
-
R
-
S)
................................
................................
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................................
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.............
8
OMNIBUS RULES AS AMENDED
................................
................................
................................
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................................
......................
9
SUPREME COURT DECISIONS
................................
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..........................
9
BASIS OF ENACTING LABOR LAWS (P
-
S
-
P
-
D)
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...
9
LIMITATIONS IN THE ENACTMENT OF LABOR LAWS (P
-
E
-
N
-
D
-
O)
................................
................................
................................
................................
.
10
SOURCES OF LABOR LAWS
-
LABOR STANDARDS (R
-
O
-
L
-
J)
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........
10
SOURCES OF LABOR LAWS (LABOR RELATIONS)
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........................
11
PROVISIONS ON THE EFFECTIVITY OF LABOR LAWS
................................
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11
RULES ON THE IMPLEMENTATION AND INTERPRETATION
OF LABOR LAWS
................................
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11
PARTIES TO EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT
................................
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12
TRIPARTISM
................................
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12
TOPIC 2: BASIC PRINCIPLES
................................
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................................
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14
CONSTI
TUTIONAL AND STATUTORY RIGHTS OF WORKERS IN
GENERAL
................................
................................
................................
......................
14
SPECIFIC RIGHTS OF WORKERS IN RELATION TO LABOR
STANDARDS
................................
................................
................................
..........................
14
SPECIFIC RIGHTS OF WORKERS IN RELATION TO LABOR
RELATIONS
................................
................................
................................
............................
15
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYER
-
EMPLOYEE (LABOR STANDARDS)
................................
................................
................................
................................
..........
15
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYER
-
EMPLOYEE (LABOR RELATI
ONS)
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........
15
CONCEPT OF EMPLOYER
-
EMPLOYEE RELATIONSHIP
................................
................................
................................
................................
....................
16
FOUR
-
FOLD TEST
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..........
16
ECONOMIC REALITY TEST
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.............................
18
EMPLOYER
-
EMPLOYEE VS. PRINCIPAL
-
AGENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
..............................
19
PRINCIPAL
-
AGENT RELATIONSHIP
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................
19
EMPLOYER
-
EMPLOYEE VS. PRINCIPAL
-
CONTRACTOR (DO NO. 9)
................................
................................
................................
...............................
19
PRINCIPAL
-
INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR RELATIONSHIP
................................
................................
................................
................................
.............
19
CHIEF CHARACTERISTICS OF AN EMPLOYEE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.
20
TOPIC 3: RIGHT TO SECURITY OF TENURE
................................
................................
................................
...........................
21
CONSTITUTIONAL BASIS (Art. 13, Sec. 3, 1987 Constitution)
................................
................................
................................
................................
........
21
CLASSIFICATION OF EMPLOYMENT AND KINDS OF
EMPLOYEES
................................
................................
................................
................................
..
21
REGULAR EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
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......................
21
PROBATIONARY EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
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................................
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22
CASUAL E
MPLOYMENT
................................
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24
OTHER CLASSIFICATION (SPECIAL LAWS)
................................
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......
25
CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
................................
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................................
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...................
25
IN PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS
................................
................................
................................
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............................
26
IN HOSPITALS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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................................
.......
27
EXCEPTIONS TO REGULAR EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
................................
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....
27
PROJECT EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
27
SEASONAL EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
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29
FIXED TERM EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..................
30
MEMBERS OF WORK POOL
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........................
31
TOPIC 4: MANAGEMENT PREROGATIVE
................................
................................
................................
..............................
33
CONCEPT
................................
................................
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................................
................................
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33
University of San Carlos

School of
Law and Governance | Based on the Outline by Atty. Jefferson
Marquez
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2
Societas Spectra Legis
Labor Relations Compilation
SCOPE
................................
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33
LIMITATIONS
................................
................................
................................
................................
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33
HIRING
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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..........................
33
PROMOTION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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.................
34
DEMOTION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...................
34
TRANSFER
................................
................................
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................................
................................
................................
.....................
35
DISMISSAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
....................
36
OTHERS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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.........................
36
REORGANIZATION AND ABOLITION OF POSITIONS
................................
................................
................................
................................
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...............
36
EARLY RETIREMENT PROGRAM
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
............
36
EMPLOYMENT POLICIES AND STIPULATIONS
................................
................................
................................
................................
...............................
37
BONA FIDE OCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATION RULE
................................
................................
................................
................................
......................
37
RESTRICTIVE COVENANT CLAUSES (RIVERA VS.
SOLIDBANK)
................................
................................
................................
................................
.......
37
TOPIC 5: TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
................................
.........................
40
EMPLOYEES RIGHT TO DISCIPLINE; NATURE OF RIGHT
................................
................................
................................
................................
...............
40
ACTUAL AND CONSTRUCTIVE DISMISSAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.....
40
GROUNDS FOR TERMINATION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.....................
40
JUST CAUSES (LABOR CODE)
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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.................
40
JUST CAU
SES FOR ACADEMIC PERSONNEL IN THE TERTIARY LEVEL
................................
................................
................................
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......................
49
JUST CAUSES FOR ACADEMIC PERSONNEL IN BASIC EDUCATION
................................
................................
................................
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.........................
50
AUTHORIZED CAUSES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...
50
INSTALLA
TION OF LABOR SAVING DEVICE
................................
................................
................................
................................
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............................
51
REDUNDANCY
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.......
52
RETRENCHMENT TO PREVENT LOSSES
................................
................................
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................................
..
53
CL
OSURE OF BUSINESS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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.........................
55
ANALOGOUS AUTHORIZED CAUSES
................................
................................
................................
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................................
.............
56
REQUISITES FOR VALID TERMINATION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.........
56
PREVENTIVE SUSPENSION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
............................
56
STATUTORY DUE PROCESS VS. CONSTITUTIONAL DUE
PROCESS
................................
................................
................................
................................
.
57
PRIOR NOTICE AND HEARING RULE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..............
59
PR
OCEDURAL REQUIREMENT FOR JUST CAUSES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..................
60
CONSEQUENCES OF COMPLIANCE AND NON COMPLIANCE WITH
JUST CAUSE AND PRIOR NOTICE REQUIREMENT T
ABLE
................................
................................
.
61
DISCUSSION ON WITH JC BUT WITHOUT PN:
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
61
PROCEDURAL REQUIREMENT FOR AUTHORIZED CAUSES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.....
62
EFFECT OR CONSEQUENCE OF A VALID DISMISSAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
......................
62
JUST CAUSE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..........
63
AUTHORIZED CAUSE
................................
................................
................................
................................
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................................
.............................
63
EFFECT OR CONSEQUENCE OF AN INVALID DISMISSAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
................
63
RELIEFS AVAILABLE TO UNJUSTLY DISMISSED EMPLOYEE
................................
................................
................................
................................
............
63
BACKWAGES
................................
................................
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................................
................................
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................................
.........
63
REINSTATEMENT OR SEPARATION PAY IN CASE REINSTATEMENT IS
NO LONGER FEASIBLE
................................
................................
................................
.................
64
DISMISSAL FOR FALSE OR NON
-
EXISTENT CAUSE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.................
65
CORPORATE OFFICERS
................................
................................
................................
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..
65
DOCTRINES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...................
67
DOCTRINE OF STRAINED RELATIONSHIP
................................
................................
................................
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...............................
67
TOTALITY OF INFRACTIONS DOCTRINE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.
67
HOBSON DOCTRINE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..............................
67
TOTALITY OF CONDUCT DOCTRINE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.......
67
PAST
/PREVIOUS INFRACTION RULE
................................
................................
................................
................................
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......
67
University of San Carlos

School of
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Marquez
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Societas Spectra Legis
Labor Relations Compilation
WENPHIL DOCTRINE
................................
................................
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67
BONA FIDE OCCUPATIONAL QUALIFICATION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
67
SUCCESSION EMPLOYER DOCTRINE
................................
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................................
................................
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68
TOPIC 6:
SUSPENSION OF BUSINESS OPERATIONS
................................
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................................
..............
69
BASIS AND MAXIMUM PERIOD
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.....................
69
REQUISIT
ES OF A VALID/BONA FIDE SUSPENSION OF OPERATIONS:
................................
................................
................................
................................
....................
69
EFFECT ON EMPLOYMENT STATUS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...............
69
COMPENSATION OF EMPLOYEES DURING THE SIX
-
MONTH SUSPENSION
................................
................................
................................
................................
............
69
EFFECT OF SUSPENSION OF WORK EXCEEDING 6 MONTHS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..
69
EFFECT OF EMPLOYMENT OF THE EMPLOYEE IN OTHER
ESTABLISHMENTS DURING 6
-
MONTH PERIOD
................................
................................
..............................
70
FULFILLMENT OF MILITARY OR CIVIC DUTY
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..........................
70
ANALOGOUS SITUATION
................................
................................
................................
................................
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......................
70
DISTINGUISH FROM STOPPAGE OF WORK OR
SUSPENSION OF OPERATION
................................
................................
................................
...............
71
TEMPORARY OR PERIODIC SHUTDOWN AND TEMPORARY
CESSATION OF WORK
................................
................................
................................
......
71
TOPIC 7: DISEASE AS GROUND
FOR TERMINATION
................................
................................
................................
.............
72
REQUIREMENTS TO TERMINATE EMPLOYMENT
................................
................................
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..........................
72
HIV
-
STATUS AND AIDS
................................
................................
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................................
..
72
SEVERE ACUTE RESPIRATORY SYNDROME
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
....
72
DISABILITY UNDER MAGNA CARTA FOR DISABLES PERSON
(RA 7277)
................................
................................
................................
.........................
73
HEPATITIS B STATUS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.....
73
HEALTH CERTIFICATE REQUIREMENT
................................
................................
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...........
73
TOPIC 8: OTHER CAUSES OF SEVERANCE OF
EMPLOYMENT RELATION
................................
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..............
75
RESIGNATION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...............
75
DEFINITION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........
75
BASIS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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....................
75
TYPES OF RESIGNATION
................................
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...............................
75
VOLUNTARY RESIGNATION
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...................
75
INVOLUNTARY RESIGNATION
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77
EXPRESS
RESIGNATION
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................................
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78
IMPLIED RESIGNATION
................................
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78
ISSUANCE OF CERTIFICATE OF EMPLOYMENT
................................
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78
RETIREMENT
................................
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................................
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.................
78
DEFINITION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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...........
78
BASIS
................................
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................................
................................
................................
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78
TYPES OF RETIREMENT
................................
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.........................
79
RETIREMENT AGE AND PAY
................................
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..................
79
EXEMPTION FROM RETIREMENT LAW
................................
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..
81
RETROACTIVE EFFECT
................................
................................
................................
................................
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...........................
81
TOPIC 9: PRESCRIPTION OF CLAIMS
................................
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................................
....
82
ILLEGAL DISMISSAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.......
82
MONEY CLAIMS
................................
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82
UNFAIR LABOR PRACTICE
................................
................................
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.............................
83
SUMMARY OF PRESCRIPTIVE PERIODS:
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
........
83
RULE ON COUNTING AND INTERRUPTION OF
PRESCRIPTIVE PERIOD
................................
................................
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..........................
83
TOPIC 12: JURISDICTION OF THE LABOR
ARBITER
................................
................................
................................
...............
84
ORIGINAL AND EXCLUSIVE JURISDICTION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.....
84
LABOR CODE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.........
84
MIGRANT WORKERS AND OVERSEAS FILIPINO ACT (RA 8042, as
amended)
................................
................................
................................
................................
.........
84
RULE V, 2011 NLRC RULES OF PROCEDURE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........................
84
University of San Carlos

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Law and Governance | Based on the Outline by Atty. Jefferson
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Societas Spectra Legis
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REASONABLE CAUSAL CONNECTION RULE
................................
................................
................................
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................................
...
85
CONCURRENT JURISDICTION OF OTHER AGENCIES
................................
................................
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85
DOLE REGIONAL DIRECTORS
................................
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85
VOLUNTARY ARBITRATORS
................................
................................
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...................
85
DOLE SECRETARY
................................
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..
85
LABOR DISPUTES
................................
................................
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................................
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..........
86
CIVIL DISPUTES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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.............
86
INTRA
-
CORPORATE DISPUTES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
......................
87
INSTANCE
S WHERE THE LABOR ARBITER DOES NOT HAVE
JURISDICTION
................................
................................
................................
...................
87
TOPIC 13: THE 2011 NLRC RULES OF
PROCEDURE
................................
................................
................................
..............
88
COMPULSORY ARBITRATION AND VOLUNTARY
ARBITRATION
................................
................................
................................
................................
....
88
AGENCIES OF GOVERNMENT EXERCISING COMPULSORY
ARBITRATION
................................
................................
................................
......................
88
DOLE REGIONAL OFFICES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
......................
89
DOLE SECRETARY
................................
................................
................................
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................................
................................
................................
..
89
BUREAU OF LABOR RE
LATIONS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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.............
90
NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
90
LABOR ARBITERS
................................
................................
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................................
..
91
GUIDELINES ON THE SINGLE
-
ENTRY APPROACH PRESCRIBING A 30 DAY MANDATORY
CONCIILIATION
-
MEDIATION SERVICES FOR ALL LABOR AND
EMPLOYMENT AGENCIES (DOLE Department Order No, 107
-
10, Series of 2010)
................................
................................
................................
........
91
DOLE R
ULES OF PROCEDURE OF THE SINGLE ENTRY APPROACH
(February 25, 2011)
................................
................................
................................
.
93
SINGLE ENTRY APPROACH FLOWCHART
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.......
96
COMPLAINT; CAUSE OF ACTION/S; REAL PARTIES
-
IN
-
INTEREST; AMENDMENT OF COMPLAINT; CERTIFICATE OF
NON
-
FORUM SHOPPING
..............
97
VENUE AND JURISDICTION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........................
97
SERVICE OF SUMMONS; NA
TURAL & JURIDICAL PERSON/S; MODE OF SERVICE OF
NOTICES, RESOLUTION, ORDER OF DECISION
............................
98
RAFFLE AND ASSIGNMENT OF CASES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........
99
APPEARANCES OF LAWYERS AND NON
-
LAWYERS
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
99
PERMISSIBLE GROUNDS TO DISMISS COMPLAINT;
PROHIBITED PLEADINGS & MOTIONS
................................
................................
.........................
100
MANDATORY
CONCILIATION & MEDIATION CONFERENCE
................................
................................
................................
................................
........
101
WAIVER OF RIGHT TO FILE POSITION PAPER & LIFTING OF
ORDER OF WAIVER
................................
................................
................................
.........
101
COMPROMISE BEFORE REGIONAL DIRECTOR AND LABOR
ARBITER
................................
................................
................................
...........................
102
SIMULTANEOUS FILING OF POSITION PAPER; CONTENTS
OF POSITION PAPER; REPLY POSITION PAPER &
CONTENTS
................................
............
102
QUANTUM OF EVIDENCE & BURDEN OF PROOF
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
103
CONDUCT OF HEARING OR CLARIFICATORY CONFERENCE
................................
................................
................................
................................
.........
103
INHIBITION
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.................
104
CONTEMPT
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.................
104
APPEAL PROCEDURE
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...
1
05
FRIVOLOUS OR DILATORY APPEALS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
............
106
NEW SCHEDULE OF LEGAL FEES (NLRC
En Banc Resolution No
.
08
-
07
, Series of 2007)
................................
................................
.............................
106
REQUISITES TO PERFECT APPEAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................
106
PROHIBITED APPEALS, INTERLOCUTORY ORDER & FINAL
ORDER
................................
................................
................................
..............................
107
RULES ON REINSTATEMENT PENDING APPEAL
................................
................................
................................
................................
...........................
108
THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS COMMISSION (NLRC)
................................
................................
................................
................................
..........
108
EO No. 204, Series of 2003

DELEGATING TO THE SECRETARY OF LABOR AND

EMPLOYMENT THE POWER TO EXERCISE
ADMINISTRATIVE
SUPERVISION OVER THE NATIONAL LABOR RELATI
ONS COMMISSION
................................
................................
................................
......................
110
POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE NLRC
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
....
110
FINALITY OF NLRC & LABOR ARBITERS DECISION
................................
................................
................................
................................
......................
111
2011 NLRC RULES OF PROCEDURE FLOWC
HART
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
113
EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
........................
114
NLRC MANUAL ON EXECUTION OF JUDGMENT
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
..................
115
University of San Carlos

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PRE
-
EXECUTION CONFERENCE; ISSUANCE & QUASHAL OF
WRIT OF EXECUT
ION
................................
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......
118
THIRD PARTY CLAIMS
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
.
118
EXTRAORDINARY REMEDIES FROM ORDER OR
RESOLUTION OF LABOR ARBITER
................................
................................
................................
.....
119
APPELLATE REMEDIES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
120
RULE 65

CERTIORARI, PROHIBITION AND MANDAMUS

................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
...
120
RULE 45

APPEAL BY CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT

................................
................................
................................
................................
.............................
121
UPDATES
................................
................................
................................
................................
................................
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121
University of San Carlos

School of
Law and Governance | Based on the Outline by Atty. Jefferson
Marquez
Page
6
Societas Spectra Legis
Labor Relations Compilation
TOPIC 1: THE APPLICABLE
LAWS
LAW: PD 442 AS AMENDED BY RA 6715 APPROVED
ON MARCH 21, 1989
A DECREE INSTITUTING A LABOR CODE, THERBY
REVISING AND CONSOLIDATING LABOR AND
SOCIAL LAWS TO
AFFORD PROTECTION TO LABOR, PROMOTE
EMPLOYMENT AND HUMAN RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT AND ENSURE
INDUSTRIAL PEACE BASED ON SOCIAL JUSTICE.

Article 1.
This Decree shall be known as the Labor Code of the
Philippines
o
May 1, 1974

PD 442 was signed into law

o
Took e
ffect Nov. 1, 1974

Article 2
. This Code shall take effect Six months after its
promulgation

RA 6715

Herrera
-
Veloso Law

Sen. Blas Ople

Father of Labor Code

Significance:
Before the effectivity of the labor code, there was no
provision on the terms and
conditions of employment.

Significance of RA 6715
:
Computation of Backwages

after RA 6715 took effect, the award of backwages from

the time compensation was withheld
up to the actual reinstatement
;
However, Facilities should not be included in the
computation of backwages for the reason
that such are given free, to be used only for official tour
of duty and not for personal use