1

6 Electrochemistry

set 1
3 Diagram 3.1 shows a simple voltaic cell.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan satu sel kimia ringkas.
1.8 V

Aluminum plate
Kepingan Copper plate
aluminium Kepingan kuprum

Copper (II) nitrate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) nitrat

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 3.1

(a) State the energy change occurs in the simple voltaic cell.
Nyatakan perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel kimia ringkas itu.

.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) (i) Name the negative terminal.
Namakan terminal negatif

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Explain your answer in (b) (i).
Terangkan jawapan anda di (b) (i)

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(iii) Write the half equation for the reaction occurs at negative terminal.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku di terminal negatif.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) State the observation at copper plate.
Nyatakan pemerhatian pada kepingan kuprum

................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction occurs at copper plate.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di yang berlaku di kepingan kuprum

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
 2
(d) Write the ionic equation for the reaction occurs in the cell.
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi tindak balas yang berlaku dalam sel itu

.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e) Mark the movement of electron in the diagram 3.1.

Tandakan arah pergerakan elektron pada gambar rajah 3.1
[1 mark]

(f) An another experiment is carry out by replacing copper plate with zinc, magnesium and lead
alternately. The table below shows the result of experiment.
Satu eksperimen lain dijalankan dengan menggantikan kepingan aluminium dengan zink, magnesium
dan plumbum secara bergilir-gilir. Jadual di bawah menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen.

Pair of metal Voltage value Negative terminal

Pasangan logam Nilai voltan (V) Terminal negatif
Mg/Cu 2.7 Mg
Zn/Cu 1.1 Zn
Pb/Cu 0.5 Pb

TABLE / JADUAL 3.1

(i) Arrange metal Mg, Zn, Pb and Cu in ascending order of electropositivity.

Susunkan logam Mg, Zn, Pb dan Cu mengikut tertib keelektropositifan menaik

.................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(ii) Predict the voltage cell value for pair of Zn/Pb.
Ramalkan nilai voltan sel bagi pasangan Zn/Pb

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
set 2
3 Table 3 shows materials and apparatus needed to construct a chemical cell.
Jadual 3 menunjukkan bahan dan radas yang diperlukan untuk membina sebuah sel kimia.

Apparatus Beaker, voltmeter, connecting wire

Radas Bikar, voltmeter, wayar penyambung

Material Chromium rod, copper rod,

Bahan Chromium(III) chloride solution, copper(II) sulphate
Filter paper soaked with dilute sulphuric acid.

[ chromium metal is placed above copper in Electrochemical Series]

rod kromium, rod kuprum,
larutan kromium(III) klorida, larutan kuprum(II) sulfat,
kertas turas yang dibasahi asid sulfurik cair

[ Logam kromium terletak di atas kuprum dalam Siri Elektrokimia ]

TABLE / JADUAL 3
 3
(a) Draw set-up of apparatus for the chemical cell.
Lukiskan gambar rajah susunan radas bagi sel kimia itu.

[2 marks]
(b) What is the function of filter paper soaked with dilute sulphuric acid?
Apakah fungsi kertas turas yang dibasahi dengan asid sulfurik cair?

...........
[1 mark]

(c) Mark the positive and negative terminal on the diagram you have drawn in (a).
Tandakan kutub positif dan kutub negatif pada gambar rajah yang anda lukis di (a).
[1 mark]

(d) State the flow of electron in the external circuit.

Nyatakan arah pengaliran elektron dalam litar luar.

...........
[1 mark]

(e) What is the energy change occur in the cell?

Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel itu?

...........
[1 mark]

(e) (i) State the observation at positive electrode cell.

Nyatakan pemerhatian pada elektrod positif sel itu.

..........
[1 mark]

(ii) Write a half equation for the reaction at positive electrode.

Tulis setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas di elektrod positif.

..........
[1 mark]

(g) State the change in the mass of chromium after the experiment.
Nyatakan perubahan jisim kromium selepas eksperimen.

...........
 4
[1 mark]

(h) If copper metal is replaced by silver metal and copper(II) sulphate is replaced by silver nitrate
solution, the voltmeter reading is increase. Explain why.
Jika logam kuprum diganti dengan logam argentum dan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat diganti dengan
larutan argentum nitrat, didapati bacaan voltmeter bertambah. Terangkan mengapa.

...........

...........
[1 mark]

set 3
3. Figure 3 shows the set up of apparatus for chemical cell. The reaction is left for 30 minutes.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi satu sel kimia. Tindak balas dibiarkan berlaku selama 30
minit.

RAJAH 3

(a) State the change of energy that occurs in the cell above
Nyatakan perubahan bentuk tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel di atas.

..................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
(b) Which electrode be the positive terminal ?
Elektrod manakah yang menjadi terminal positif ?

......................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
(c) State your observation in positive terminal
Nyatakan pemerhatian di terminal positif

..........................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]

(d) Write half equation for the changes that occurs in negative terminal.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi perubahan yang berlaku di terminal negatif .

...................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
 5
(e) Write the overall ionic equation thast occurs in chemical cell above.
Tuliskan persamaan ion bagi keseluruhan tindak balas yang berlaku dalam sel kimia di atas.

..........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
(f) What is the function of porous pot ?
Apakah fungsi pasu berliang ?

.............................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
(g)
(i) What happens to the intensity of blue copper(II) sulphate ?
Apakah yang berlaku kepada keamatan warna biru kuprum(II) sulfat ?

............................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]

(ii) Explain your anwer in (g) (i)

Terangkan jawapan anda di(g)(i).

..............................................................................................................................................

..............................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]

(h) The experiment is repeated using zinc metal and zinc sulphate solution with metal and salt solution as
shown in Table 3.1 below. In each experiment copper is the positive terminal.
Eksperimen di atas diulangi dengan menggantikan logam zink dan larutan zink sulfat dengan logam
dan larutan garam masing-masing seperti dalam Jadual 3.1 di bawah. Dalam setiap eksperimen
kuprum menjadi terminal positif.

Experiment/ Voltage reading (V)

Metal /Logam
Eksperimen /Bacaan voltmeter (V)
1 nikel 0.59
2 magnesium 2.68
3 plumbum 0.47
4 zink 1.10
5 ferum 0.78
JADUAL 3.1
(i) State the metal arrangement in electrochemical Series in descending orders.
Nyatakan susunan logam-logam di atas dalam Siri Elektrokimia mengikut tertib menurun.

.........................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]
 6
(ii) Metal magnesium and zinc was make as electrode I chemical cell in figure 3. Suggest the
value for the cell chemical voltage.
Pasangan logam magnesium dan zink dijadikan elektrod-elektrod dalam sel kimia dalam Rajah
3. Cadangkan nilai yang mungkin bagi bacaan voltan sel kimia itu.

.............................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah ]

set 4
3 Diagram 3 shows two types of cells, cell A and cell B.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua jenis sel , sel A dan sel B.
Copper Zinc
Kuprum Zink

Copper(II)
sulphate solution
Larutan
Kuprum(II)
sulfat

Cell A Cell B
Sel A Sel B
DIAGRAM 3
RAJAH 3

(a) State the energy change in cell A.

Nyatakan perubahan tenaga dalam sel A .

.....
[ 1 mark ]
Mark
Tandakan
(i) the positive and negative terminal on the electrode in cell A
terminal positif dan terminal negatif pada elektrod dalam sel A
[ 1 mark ]
(ii) the direction of electron flow in cell B by drawing an arrow.
arah pengaliran elektron dalam sel B dengan melukis anak panah .
[ 1 mark ]

(c ) Zinc in cell B acts as anode. Explain why.

Zink dalam sel B bertindak sebagai anod.Terangkan mengapa.

.
[ 1 mark ]
 7
(d) Referring to the positive electrode of cell A,
Dengan merujuk kepada elektrod positif sel A,

(i) state the observation you would expect.

nyatakan pemerhatian yang anda jangkakan.

.
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku.

..
[ 1 mark ]
(e) Explain what will happen to the concentration of copper(II) sulphate solution in cell A.
Terangkan apa yang berlaku pada kepekatan larutan kuprum(II)sulfat
dalam sel A.

....

[ 2 marks ]

(f) (i) The voltage for the pair of copper and zinc metal in cell B is 1.1 V. Predict the voltage if zinc
metal is replaced by magnesium metal.
Bacaan voltan bagi pasangan logam kuprum dan zink dalam sel B
ialah 1.1V. Ramalkan bacaan voltan sekiranya logam zink digantikan
dengan logam magnesium.

[ 1 mark ]

(ii) Explain your answer in (f) (i).

Terangkan jawapan anda di (f) (i).

....
[ 1 mark ]

set 4
3 (a) Using a suitable example explain the meaning of electrolyte.
Dengan memberikan satu contoh yang sesuai, terangkan maksud elektrolit.
[ 2 marks ]
(b) You are supplied with the following substances:
Anda dibekalkan dengan bahan-bahan berikut:
Zinc plate
Kepingan zink
Copper plate
Kepingan kuprum
Copper (II) sulphate solution
Larutan kuprum(II)sulfat.

By using the above substances and suitable apparatus in the chemistry laboratory, describe an experiment to
transform the chemical energy to electrical energy.
Dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan yang dibekalkan dan alat radas yang biasa terdapat dalam sebuah
makmal kimia, huraikan satu eksperimen untuk menukarkan tenaga kimia kepada tenaga elektrik.
 8
In your description, draw a labelled diagram, explanation how the transformation can occur and write the
half equation for the reactions.
Dalam huraian anda lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel, penerangan bagaimana penukaran itu boleh berlaku
dan tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas tindak balas yang berlaku.

[ 8 marks ]

(a) (i) One of the factor that affects the discharge of ion at the electrode for electrolysis of aqueous
solution is the position of ion in Electrochemical Series.
State two other factors.
Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi nyahcas ion di elektrod bagi elektolisis larutan akueus ialah
kedudukan ion dalam Siri Elektrokimia.
Nyatakan dua faktor yang lain.
[ 2 marks ]

(ii) Explain the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using carbon electrodes. In your
description, state the observations and write the half equations for the reaction at cathode and anode.
Terangkan proses elektrolis larutan kuprum (II) sulfat yang menggunakan elektrod karbon.
Dalam penerangan anda nyatakan pemerhatian dan tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas
yang berlaku di katod dan di anod.

[ 8 marks ]

set 5
3 Diagram 3 shows the set up apparatus of a chemical cell using pair of metal copper X. Copper is more
electropositive than metal X..
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas suatu sel kimia yang menggunakan pasangan logam kuprum-X.
Logam kuprum adalah lebih elektropositif daripada logam X.

Copper
X kuprum

Solution Y
X nitrate solution Larutan Y
Larutan X nitrat Porous pot
Pasu berliang

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 3

(a) State the function of porous pot.

Nyatakan fungsi pasu berliang.

[1 mark]
 9
(b) (i) Suggest one suitable solution for Y.
Cadangkan satu larutan yang sesuai bagi Y.

.
[1 mark]

(ii) Name the ions exist in the solution you have stated.
Namakan ion-ion yang terdapat dalam larutan yang anda nyatakan.

..
[1 mark]
(c) State which are positive terminal and negative terminal.
Nyatakan yang manakah terminal positif dan yang mana terminal negatif

Positive terminal
Terminal positif :

Negative terminal
Terminal negatif :
[1 mark]

(d) What will be observed at electrode X?

Apa yang diperhatikan pada elektrod X?

[1 mark]

(e) If electrode X is replaced by zinc metal and X nitrate solution is replaced by zinc nitrate
solution,
Jika elektrod X diganti dengan logam zink dan larutan X nitrat diganti dengan larutan zink
nitrat,

Complete Table 3 below to show the differences that happen in chemical cell before and after
electrode X and X nitrate solution are replaced by zinc electrode and zinc nitrate solution.
Lengkapkan Jadual 3 di bawah untuk menunjukkan perbezaan yang berlaku pada sel kimia
tersebut sebelum dan selepas elektrod X dan larutan X nitrat diganti dengan elektrod zink dan
larutan zink nitrat

Electrode X and X nitrate Zinc electrode and zinc

solution. nitrate solution
Elektrod X dan larutan X Elektrod zink dan larutan
nitrat digunakan zink nitrat digunakan
Observation at solution
Y you have suggested in
(b) (i)
Pemerhatian pada
larutan Y yang anda
cadangkan di (b) (i)
Half equation for the
reaction occur at copper
electrode.
Setengah persamaan
bagi tindak balas yang
berlaku pada elektrod
kuprum
TABLE / JADUAL 3
 10

[4 marks]
(f) Explain why there are differences in observation you have stated in (e) based on the number of
Cu2+ in the solution.
Terang mengapa terdapat perbezaan pemerhatian yang anda nyatakan di (e) berdasarkan
bilangan ion Cu2+ dalam larutan.

[1 mark]
set 5

7 (a) You found a piece of impure copper nail. State how you could change the nail to pure
copper through electrolysis process.
Anda menjumpai sebatang paku kuprum yang tidak tulen. Nyatakan bagaimana
anda boleh mengubah paku tersebut menjadi kuprum tulen menggunakan proses elektrolisis.
[3 marks]

(b) Diagram 8 shows the set-up of apparatus to carry out electrolysis experiment. Three experiments
were carried out using different substances. Observation obtained as shown in Table 8.1.
Explain the observation for each experiment.
Rajah 8 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi menjalankan eksperimen elektrolisis.
Tiga eksperimen dijalankan menggunakan bahan yang berlainan. Pemerhatian yang diperolehi
adalah seperti dalam Jadual 8.1.
Terangkan pemerhatian bagi setiap eksperimen.
Bulb
mentol

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 8

Experiment Substance X Observation

Eksperimen Bahan X Pemerhatian
I Solid sodium chloride Bulb not light up
Pepejal natrium klorida Mentol tidak menyala
II Sodium chloride aqueous Bulb light up
solution Mentol menyala
Larutan akueus natrium
klorida
III Solid naphthalene Bulb not light up
Pepejal naftalena Mentol tidak menyala

TABLE / JADUAL 8.1

[7 marks]
 11

(c) Concentration of electrolyte affects the product of electrolysis at electrode.

By using sodium chloride solution, explain briefly how to prove that statement. In your explanation,
write the chemical equation involved.
Kepekatan elektrolit mempengaruhi hasil elektrolisis di elektrod.
Dengan menggunakan larutan natrium klorida, terangkan dengan ringkas bagaimana untuk
membuktikan penyataan ini. Dalam penerangan anda tuliskan persamaan yang terlibat.
[ 6 marks]

(d) Table 8.2 shows the result of experiment for displacement reaction between substance P, Q and R
with salt solution of P, salt solution of Q and salt solution of R.
Jadual 8.2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperimen bagi tindak balas penyesaran antara bahan P, Q
dan R dengan larutan garam P, larutan garam Q dan larutan garam R.

Salt solution of P Salt solution of Q Salt solution of R

Larutan garam P Larutan garam Q Larutan garam R
P -
Q X -
R X X -

: reaction occur
tindak balas berlaku
X : No change
tiada perubahan

TABLE / JADUAL 8.2

Arrange metal P, Q and R in ascending order of electropositivity. Explain your answer.

Susun logam P, Q dan R mengikut tertib keelektropositifan menaik. Terangkan jawapan anda.

set 6

10 (a) What is the meaning of electrolyte?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolit?
[2 marks]

(b) Table 10.1 shows two physical states of lead(II) bromide with their arrangement of particles and
electrical conductivity.
Jadual 10.1 menunjukkan dua keadaan fizik bagi plumbum(II) bromida dengan susunan zarah dan
kekonduksian elektrik masing-masing.

Physical state Arrangement of particles Electrical conductivity

Keadaan fizik Susunan zarah Kekonduksian elektrik

Cannot conduct electricity

A Tidak boleh mengkonduksikan
elektrik

Can conduct electricity

B
boleh mengkonduksikan elektrik

Table / Jadual 10.1

 12
By using ionic theory, explain why there is difference in the conductivity for both lead(II) bromide.
Menggunakan teori ion, terangkan mengapa terdapat perbezaan dari segi kekonduksian elektrik
antara kedua-dua plumbum(II) bromida tersebut.
[5 marks]

(b) Table 10.2 shows the observations from electrolysis of copper(II) sulphate solution, using different
electrodes.
Jadual 10.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian daripada elektrolisis ke atas larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dengan
menggunakan elektrod yang berbeza.

Experiment Electrode Observation on the CuSO4 solution Observation at anode

Eksperimen Elektrod Pemerhatian pada larutan CuSO4 Pemerhatian pada anod

Carbon Blue colour of the solution becomes fader Gag bubbles released
I
Karbon Warna biru larutan semakin pudar Gelembung gas terbebas
Copper Blue colour of the solution unchanged. Anode becomes thinner
II
Kuprum Warna biru larutan tidak berubah Anod mengecil

Table / Jadual 10.2

Compare experiment I and II. Explain the difference in the observation for both experiments. Your
explanation must contains the substances formed and half equation involved.
Bandingkan eksperimen I dan II. Terangkan perbezaan pemerhatian yang berlaku antara kedua-dua
eksperimen tersebut. Penerangan anda hendaklah mengandungi bahan yang terbentuk dan setengah
persamaan yang terlibat.
[10 marks]

(b) State one usage of Electrochemical Series. By using suitable example, explain your answer.
Nyatakan satu kegunaan Siri Elektrokimia. Dengan memberi contoh yang sesuai, jelaskan jawapan
anda.
[3 marks]
 13
set 7
2 The Diagram 2.1 shows a simple chemical cell.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebuah sel kimia ringkas.

v
Copper electrode Electrode R
Elektrod kuprum Elektrod R

Copper(II) sulphate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

Diagram / Rajah 2.1

Table 2.2 shows the voltage value and the positive terminal when different metals are used as the electrode R.
Jadual 2.2 menunjukkan nilai voltan dan kutub positif apabila logam berlainan digunakan sebagai elektrod
R.

Metal Voltage value (V) Positive terminal

Logam Nilai voltan (V) Kutub positif
V 1.1 Copper / Kuprum
W 2.7 Copper / Kuprum
X 0.5 Copper / Kuprum
Y 0.8 Copper / Kuprum
Z 0.0 -

Table / Jadual 2.2

(a) State the energy change that occurred in the chemical cell.
Nyatakan perubahan bentuk tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel ringkas itu.

.
[1 mark]

(b) (i) State all the ions presence in copper(II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan semua ion yang terdapat dalam larutan kuprum(II) sulfat.

...
[1 mark]

(ii) The colour of the copper(II) sulphate is blue. State the ion in (b) (i) that gives the
colour of the solution.
Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat berwarna biru. Nyatakan ion di (b) (i) yang memberikan warna biru
itu kepada larutan tersebut.

...
[1 mark]

(c) Based on the simple cell using copper metal and V,

 14
Berdasarkan sel ringkas yang menggunakan logam kuprum dan V,

(i) state the direction of electron flow

nyatakan arah pengaliran elektron

...
[1 mark]

(ii) explain your answer in (c) (i)

terangkan jawapan anda di (c) (i)

...
[1 mark]

(iii) state the observation at copper electrode.

nyatakan pemerhatian di elektrod kuprum.

...
[1 mark]

(iv) write the half equation to that occured at copper electrode.

tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi mewakili tindak balas yang berlaku di elektrod kuprum.

...
[1 mark]

(d) (i) Arrange metals V, W, X and Y in the electrochemical series in descending order. Susunkan
logam-logam V, W, X dan Y dalam siri elektrokimia mengikut tertib menurun.

...
[1 mark]

(ii) If metal X and metal Y are used as the electrodes in simple cell in Diagram 2.1,
suggest the possible voltage value of the cell.
Jika logam X dan logam Y dijadikan sebagai elektrod-elektrod dalam sel ringkas pada Rajah
2.1, cadangkan nilai voltan yang mungkin sel ringkas itu.

...
[1 mark]
(iii) Predict metal Z.
Ramalkan logam Z.

...
[1 mark]

set 8
 15
2 Figure 2 shows the apparatus set-up used to electrolyse potassium iodide 0.001 mol dm -3 using carbon
electrodes.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan susunan radas yang digunakan untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kalium iodida
0.001 mol dm-3 menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Y
X

FIGURE / RAJAH 2

(a) What is meant by the term anion

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan anion ?

[ 1 markah]
(b) Write the formulae of all ions present in aqueous potassium iodide solution
Tuliskan formula bagi semua anion yang terdapat dalam larutan kalium iodida.

[ 1 markah]

(c) (i) State the process occur at electrode Y

Apakah proses yang berlaku di elektrod Y.

..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah]

(ii) Write half equation for the reaction that occur at electrode Y
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi mewakili proses yang berlaku di elektrod Y.

..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah]

(d) (i) Name the gas that release at electrode X

Namakan gas yang terbebas di elektrod X.

..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah]
 16
(ii) If the volume of gas collected at electrode X is 24.0 cm 3 at room condition, how many
molecule of the gas collected?
Jika isipadu gas yang terkumpul di elektrod X ialah 24.0 cm3 pada keadaan bilik,
berapakah bilangan molekul gas yang telah dikumpul?
[Gunakan maklumat : 1 mol gas menempati 24.0 dm3 ruang pada keadaan bilik;
Pemalar Avogadro = 6.0 x 10 23 mol-1 ]

[ 2 markah]

(e) If aqueous potassium iodide 0.001 mol dm-3 is replace with aqueous potassium iodide 0.1 mol dm-
3
.
Jika larutan larutan kalium iodida 0.001 mol dm-3 digantikan dengan larutan kalium iodida 1.0 mol
dm-3 ,
(i) State the observation at electrode X?
apakah yang diperhatikan di sekeliling elektrod X?

..................................................................................................................................
[ 1 markah]

(ii) Describe a chemical test to determine and identify the product formed at electrode X
huraikan satu ujian untuk mengesahkan hasil yang terbentuk di elektrod X.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[ 2 markah]
 17
set 9
4 Figure 4 shows the set-up of apparatus to investigate the electrolysis of 1.0 mol dm -3
copper(II)sulphate solution using carbon electrode.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan susunan radas untuk mengkaji elektrolisis larutan kuprum(II) sulfat 1.0 mol dm -3
menggunakan elektrod karbon.

Carbon electrode U 1.0 moldm -3 copper(II)sulphate

solution
Carbon electrode T

FIGURE / RAJAH 4.1

(a) (i) What is meant by electrolysis?

Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan elektrolisis ?

.......
[1 mark ]
(ii) What is the energy change that occurs in the electrolysis process?
Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam proses elektrolisis.

.
[1 mark ]
(b) State all the ions present in copper (II) sulphate solution.
Nyatakan semua ion yang hadir dalam larutan kuprum(II)sulfat.

[ 1 mark ]
(c ) (i) State an observation at electrode T.
Nyatakan satu pemerhatian di elektrod T.

..

[ 1 mark ]
(ii) Write the half equation of the reaction at electrode T.
Tuliskan setengah persamaan bagi tindak balas yang berlaku
di elektrod T.

...........................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]
 18

(d ) What is the colour change of the copper (II) sulphate solution?Explain your answer.
Apakah perubahan yang berlaku kepada warna larutan kuprum(II)sulfat?
Terangkan jawapan anda.

......................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................
[ 2 marks ]
(e) (i) Name the gas collected in the test tube at electrode U.
Namakan gas yang terkumpul dalam tabung uji di elektrod U.

.........................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

(ii) The volume of gas collected at electrode U is 15.0cm 3.

How many moles of the gas were collected?
Use the information that 1 mole of gas occupies a volume of 24.0 dm 3
at room temperature and pressure.
Isipadu gas yang dikumpul di elektrod U ialah 15.0cm3.
Berapakah bilangan mol gas yang terbebas.
Gunakan maklumat 1 mol gas menempati isipadu 24.0 dm3 pada suhu dan tekanan bilik

[ 1 mark]
(f) An experiment has been carry out to investigate the position of copper in electrochemical series using
set-up of apparatus as in figure 4.2.
Satu eksperimen lain telah dijalankan untuk mengkaji kedudukan kuprum dalam Siri Elektrokimia
menggunakan susunan radas seperti Rajah 4.2.

.
V

Metal plate Copper plate / kepingan kuprum

/kepingan logam

Copper(II)nitrate solution /
Larutan kuprum(II) nitrat

FIGURE / RAJAH 4.2

 19
If the metal plate is replaced by metal X ,Y and Z that are dipped consecutively, the potential difference
produced is shown in table 4.3.
Jika kepingan logam digantikan dengan logam X , Y dan Z yang dicelupkan secara berasingan, beza
keupayaan yang terhasil ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 4.3.

Metal plate Potential difference (V) Positive terminal

Kepingan logam Beza keupayaan (V) Terminal positif
X 0.5 Copper / Kuprum
Y 1.2 Copper / Kuprum
Z 2.7 Copper / Kuprum
Table / Jadual 4.3

Based on the result, arrange metals copper , X ,Y and Z in descending order of electropositivity of metals.
Berdasarkan keputusan di atas, susunkan logam-logam kuprum , X ,Y dan Z mengikut susunan tertib
menurun keelektropositifan logam.

................................................................................................................................................
[ 1 mark ]

set 9
10 (a) What is the meaning of electrolytes and ions?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan electrolisis dan ion?
[ 2 marks]

(a) Using lead(II) bromide as an example, explain the ionic theory during the electrolysisis of molten lead (II)
bromide.
Dengan menggunakan plumbum(II) bromida sebagai contoh, terangkan teori ion apa yang berlaku semasa
elektrolisis leburan plumbum (II) bromida
[ 8 marks]

(b) You are provided with copper(II) sulphate solution and all the apparatus needed, describe an experiment to
determine the product of electrolysis at the anode and cathode. You are required to describe the test to
confirm the product at the anode. You should also include the half equation at the electrodes.
Anda dibekalkan dengan larutan kuprum(II) sulfat dan semua alat radas yang diperlukan. Terangkan satu
eksperimen untuk menentukan hasil elektrolisis di anod dan katod. Anda juga perlu memasukkan ujian
yang anda jalankan untuk menentukan hasil di anod. Juga masukkan persamaan setengah bagi tindak
balas yang berlaku di elektrod

[ 10 marks]
 20
set 10
3 Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus of a chemical cell.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas sebuah sel kimia.

Zinc plate / Copper plate /

Kepingan zink Kepingan kuprum

Zinc sulphate solution / Porous pot /

Larutan zink sulfat Pasu berliang

Copper(II) sulphate solution /

Larutan kuprum(II) sulfat

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 3

(a) What is the function of the porous pot?

Apakah fungsi pasu berliang?

.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) What is the energy change that occurs in the cell?
Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel itu?

.............
[1 mark]

(c) State which metal plate acts as the

Nyatakan kepingan yang mana bertindak sebagai
negative terminal :
terminal negatif :

.............................

positive terminal :
terminal positif :

.............................
[1 mark]
(d) Write the half equation of the reaction at the
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas di
negative terminal :
terminal negatif :

.............................
[1 mark]
positive terminal :
terminal positif :

.............................
[1 mark]
 21
(e) What is the colour change of the copper (II) sulphate solution? Explain your answer.
Apakah perubahan warna yang berlaku kepada larutan kuprum(II) sulfat? Terangkan jawapan
anda.

.............

.............
[2 marks]

(f) Draw arrows indicating the flow of electrons in Diagram 3.

Lukis anak panah yang menunjukkan pergerakan elektron pada Rajah 3.
[1 mark]

(g) Describe how to increase the cell voltage.

Huraikan bagaimana anda dapat meningkatkan voltan sel di atas.

.............

.............
[2 marks]

set 11
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the set-up of the apparatus for an experiment to construct the Electrochemical Series
through the ability of metals to displace other metals from their salt solution.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan susunan radas bagi eksperimen untuk membina Siri Elektrokimia berdasarkan
keupayaan logam-logam menyesarkan logam lain daripada larutan garamnya.

Silver nitrate solution

Larutan argentum nitrat
Zinc plate
Kepingan zink

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 2.1

The experiment was repeated using metals silver, copper and P to replace zinc and P nitrate solution to
replace silver nitrate solution.
Eksperimen diulangi menggunakan logam argentum, kuprum dan P menggantikan zink dan larutan P
nitrat menggantikan larutan argentum nitrat.
Jadual 2.2 shows the result obtained.
Table 2.2 menunjukkan keputusan yang diperolehi.

Metal / Silver nitrate solution / P nitrate solution /

Experiment
Logam Larutan argentum(II) nitrat Larutan P nitrat

Zinc Silver metal is displaced. P metal is displaced.

I
Zink Logam argentum disesarkan. Logam P disesarkan.

Copper Silver metal is displaced. No reaction.

II
Kuprum Logam argentum disesarkan. Tiada tindak balas.

Silver metal is displaced.

III P
Logam argentum disesarkan.

TABLE / JADUAL 2.2

 22
(d) What is meant by Electrochemical Series?
Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan Siri Elektrokimia?

.........................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(b) Based on the results in Table 2.2, arrange the metals silver, copper, P and zinc in ascending order of
electropositivity.
Berdasarkan keputusan daripada Jadual 2.2, susunkan logam-logam argentum, kuprum, P dan zink
berdasarkan keelektropositifan meningkat.

More electropositive
Semakin elektropositif [1 mark]

(c) Name the suitable metal P.

Namakan logam P yang sesuai.
..
[1 mark]

(d) Based on Experiment I :

Berdasarkan Eksperimen I :
(i) Zinc can displace silver metal from silver nitrate solution. Explain why.
Zink boleh menyesarkan logam argentum daripada larutan argentum nitrat. Terangkan
mengapa.

[1 mark]

(ii) Write the chemical equation for the reaction.

Tuliskan persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas tersebut.

[1 mark]

(iii) What is the change in the oxidation number of zinc?

Apakah perubahan nombor pengoksidaan bagi zink?

[1 mark]

(e) Diagram below shows the set up of apparatus for the reaction between metal P and copper(II)
nitrate solution.
 23
Rajah di bawah menunjukkan susunan radas bagi tindak balas antara logam P dan larutan
kuprum(II) nitrat.

Copper(II) nitrate solution

Larutan kuprum(II) nitrat
Metal P plate
Kepingan logam P

What is the colour change of the of copper(II) nitrate solution?. Explain why.
Apakah perubahan warna pada larutan kuprum(II) nitrat?. Terangkan mengapa.

..

..
[2 marks]

(f) State two uses of the Electrochemical Series besides the determining the ability of a metal to
displace another metal from its salt solution.
Nyatakan dua kegunaan Siri Elektrokimia selain daripada untuk menentukan keupayaan sesuatu
logam menyesarkan logam lain daripada larutan garamnya.

.............

.............
[2 marks]
set 12
3 Diagram 3 shows the set-up of apparatus of a voltaic cell.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan susunan radas satu sel kimia.

Zinc
Plate /
Copper plate / Kepingan kuprum
Kepingan zink

Copper (II) nitrate solution /

Larutan kuprum (II) nitrat

DIAGRAM / RAJAH 3.1

Based on Diagram 3 , answer the following questions.

Berdasarkan Rajah 3, jawab soalan- soalan berikut:

(a) What is the energy change that occurs in the voltaic cell?
Apakah perubahan tenaga yang berlaku dalam sel kimia?

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(b) Write the formula of all ions in copper (II) sulphate solution.
Tuliskan formula semua ion dalam larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(c) (i) Name the negative terminal of the voltaic cell.
 24
Namakan terminal negatif bagi sel kimia.
....................................................
.................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Explain your answer in (b)(i).

Terangkan jawapan anda dalam (b)(i).
.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(d) (i) State one observation at copper plate.

Nyatakan satu pemerhatian pada kepingan kuprum.

.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(ii) Write the half equation for the reaction occur at the copper plate.
Tuliskan persamaan setengah bagi tindak balas yang berlaku pada kepingan kuprum.

.....................................................................................................................
[1 mark]

(e) What is the colour change of the copper(II)sulphate solution? Explain your answer.
Apakah perubahan warna larutan kuprum (II) sulfat ? Jelaskan jawapan anda.

..................................................................................................................................

..................................................................................................................................
[2 marks]

(f) Another experiment is carried out by replacing the zinc plate with P , Q and R metals.
Table 3.2 shows the results.
Eksperimen lain dijalankan bagi menggantikan kepingan zink dengan logam P, Q dan R.
Jadual 3.2 menunjukkan keputusannya.

Pair of metal/ Voltage/ Negative terminal/

Pasangan logam Voltan (V) Terminal negative
P/Cu 2.7 P

Q/Cu 2.0 Q

R/Cu 0.5 R

TABLE/ JADUAL 3.2

(iii) Arrange P, Q, R and Cu metal in accending order of electropositivity.

Susunkan logam P, Q, R dan Cu mengikut tertib menaik keelektropositifan.

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]
(iv) Predict the voltage for pair of Q/R.
Ramalkan nilai voltan bagi pasangan Q/R

..................................................................................................................................
[1 mark]