Structural Design and Construction

Aspects in The Saudi Building Code

PROF. AHMED B. SHURAIM

KING SAUD UNIVERSITY
The Saudi Standards, Metrology and Quality Organization (SASO)
Governors advisor - KSA

The Saudi International Building & Construction

Technologies 11th- 12th May, 2015
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 Presentation outline
Codes aims, challenges, and potential
benefits

Design criteria and Process

Construction Documents & Inspections
Construction Requirements in SBC 304
Materials compliance with Standards
Overview of Structural codes contents
and References
Concluding remarks

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 The Code aims and intents

Safety/Strength

Durability
Serviceability
If followed &
implemented
The code can
achieve

Stability Protection from

environmental hazards

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Limitations & Challenges
Does not ensure Economical Mixed of prescriptive
design and performance-
Set minimum Req. based

Requires
accurate Building Code Requires
zonation /Structural highly
data: rain, qualified
Temp, flood, Challenges Personnel
wind, seismic

Can be
challenging for Requires testing
Does not building officials Laboratories &
cover special to verify Standards
structures compliance compliance
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 PART 1- GENERAL GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS

1. SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to

design and construction of structural concrete.
2. SBC 304 shall govern in all matters pertaining to
design, construction, and material properties.
3. For special structures, such as arches, tanks, reservoirs,
bins and silos, blast-resistant structures, and chimneys,
provisions of SBC 304 shall govern where applicable.
4. SBC 304 does not govern design and installation of
portions of concrete piles, drilled piers, and caissons
embedded in ground and soil-supported slabs

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Understanding the Code potential
benefits
A Catalyst for
Economical
design
A tool for Value Legal Protection
Engineering for Engineer

Building Code
/Structural
potential benefits

A tool for Protect owner

sustainability rights
A Catalyst for
design
uniformity
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 Building Code /Structural divisions
Design
aspects and
criteria

Building
Materials &
Code Construction
Standards /Structural Requirements
covers

Construction
Documents &
Inspections

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Structural Design Process

Functional Load
Requirements combinations
SBC 301
Local Loading &
FORCES Live loads
conditions

Environmental
Structural
loads
system

Structural Seismic req.

Design Design
Drawings & Aspects
Documents

Structural
Design of SBC 304: Modeling &
elements and Concrete Analysis
systems on Structures
design criteria

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Loading & Analysis
1.4.4 Analysis. Load effects on individual structural members shall be
determined by methods of structural analysis that take into account
equilibrium, general stability, geometric compatibility, and both short- and
long-term material properties. Members that tend to accumulate residual
deformations under repeated service loads shall have included in their
analysis the added eccentricities expected to occur during their service life.

1.4.5 Counteracting Structural Actions. All structural members and

systems, and all components and cladding in a building or other structure,
shall be designed to resist forces due to earthquake, wind, soil and
hydrostatic pressure and flood loads, with consideration of overturning,
sliding, and uplift, and continuous load paths shall be provided for
transmitting these forces to the foundation.

1.4.6 Self-straining Forces. Provision shall be made for anticipated

self-straining forces arising from differential settlements of foundations and
from restrained dimensional changes due to temperature, moisture,
shrinkage, creep, and similar effects.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 Construction Documents
SBC 301: 1.3.1 General. Construction documents shall show the
size, section and relative locations of structural members with floor levels,
column centers and offsets fully dimensioned. The design loads and other
information pertinent to the structural design required by Sections 1.3.1.1
through 1.3.1.7 shall be clearly indicated on the construction documents for
parts of the building or structure.

SBC 304: 1.2.1 Copies of design drawings, typical details, and specifications
for all structural concrete construction shall bear the seal of a registered
structural engineer. These drawings, details, and specifications shall
show:
(a) Name and date of issue of code to which design conforms;
(b) Live load and other loads used in design;
(c) Specified compressive strength of concrete at stated ages;
(d) Specified strength or grade of reinforcement;
(e) Size and location of all structural elements, concrete cover,
reinforcement, and anchors;
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 REQUIRED VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION OF
CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION
CONTINUO PERI REFERENCE
VERIFICATION AND INSPECTION
US ODIC STANDARD
1. Inspection of structural layout and members
dimensions for compliance with approved design
X
drawings and construction tolerances

2. Inspection of reinforcing steel, including
X SBC 304 (3.5, 7.1-7.7)
prestressing tendons, and placement.
3. Inspection of formwork X SBC 304 (6.1-6.2)
4. Inspection of concrete mix
a. Verify the use of required design mix X SBC 304 (4, 5.2-5.4)
b. Verify that the delivery is from certified X
batch plant
5. At the time fresh concrete is sampled to fabricate ASTM C 172
specimens for strength tests, perform slump and X ASTM C 31
determine the temperature of the concrete. SBC 304 (5.6, 5.8)
6. Inspection of concrete placement for proper X
SBC 304 (5.9, 5.10)
application techniques.
7. Inspection of curing techniques and hot weather
X SBC 304 (5.11-5.13)
requirements.
8. Inspection of prestressed concrete:

9. Verification of in-situ concrete strength,

prior to stressing of tendons in post-
tensioned concrete and prior to removal of X SBC 304 (6.2)
shores and forms from beams and structural
slabs.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 Design professional in responsible
charge

When it is required that documents be prepared by a registered design

professional, the building official shall require the owner to engage and
designate on the building permit application a registered design
professional who shall act as the registered design professional in
responsible charge.
The registered design professional in responsible charge shall be
responsible for reviewing and coordinating submittal documents
prepared by others, including phased and deferred submittal items, for
compatibility with the design of the building.
Where structural observation is required, the inspection program shall
name the individual or firms who are to perform structural observation
and describe the stages of construction at which structural observation
is to occur.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 DUTIES AND POWERS OF
BUILDING OFFICIAL
104.1 General. The building official shall have the authority to render
interpretations of this code. Such interpretations, policies and
procedures shall be in compliance with the intent and purpose of this
code. Such policies and procedures shall not have the effect of waiving
requirements specifically provided for in this code.
104.2 Applications and permits. The building official shall receive
applications, review construction documents and issue permits, inspect
the premises for which such permits have been issued and enforce
compliance with the provisions of this code.
104.4 Inspections. The building official shall make all of the required
inspections, or shall have the authority to accept reports of inspection by
approved agencies or individuals. Reports of such inspections shall be in
writing and be certified by a responsible officer. The building official is
authorized to engage such expert opinion as deemed necessary to report
upon unusual technical issues that arise, subject to the approval of the
appointing authority.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 BUILDING OFFICIAL QUALIFICATIONS
A101.1 Building official. The building official shall have at least 10 years
experience or equivalent as an architect, engineer, inspector, contractor or
superintendent of construction, or any combination of these, five years of
which shall have been supervisory experience. The building official should
be certified as a building official through a recognized certification program.
The building official shall be appointed or hired by the applicable governing
authority.

A101.2 Chief inspector. The building official can designate supervisors to

administer the provisions of the Code. They shall be certified through a
recognized certification program for the appropriate trade.

A101.3 Inspector and plan examiner. The building official shall

appoint or hire such number of officers, inspectors, assistants and other
employees as shall be authorized by the jurisdiction. The inspector or plan
examiner shall be certified through a recognized certification program for
the appropriate trade.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 BOARD OF APPEALS
B101.1 Application. The application for
appeal shall be filed on a form obtained from
the building official within 20 days after the
notice was served.
B101.2 Membership of board. The board
of appeals shall consist of persons appointed
by the chief appointing authority as follows:
1. One for five years; one for four years; one
for three years; one for two years; and one for
one year.
2. Thereafter, each new member shall serve
for five years or until a successor has been
appointed.
The building official shall be an ex officio
member of said board but shall have no vote
on any matter before the board.
B101.4 Board decision. The board
shall modify or reverse the decision of
the building official by a concurring
vote of two-thirds of its members.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
B101.2.2 Qualifications. The board of appeals
shall consist of five individuals, one from each of the
following professions or disciplines:
1. Registered design professional with architectural
experience or a builder or superintendent of building
construction with at least ten yearsexperience, five of
which shall have been in responsible charge of work.
2. Registered design professional with structural
engineering experience
3. Registered design professional with mechanical
and plumbing engineering experience or a
mechanical contractor with at least ten years
experience, five of which shall have been in
responsible charge ofwork.
4. Registered design professional with electrical
engineering experience or an electrical contractor
with at least ten years experience, five of which shall
have been in responsible charge of work.
5. Registered design professional with fire protection
engineering experience or a fire protection contractor
with at least ten years experience, five of which shall
have been in responsible charge of work.
 Overview of SBC 304
Construction
Requirements

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Concrete Construction in SBC-304
PART 6-SPECIAL PART 1- PART 2-
CONSIDERATIONS GENERAL STANDARDS FOR
TESTS AND
MATERIALS

SBC-304 Main Parts

PART 5-
PART 4-GENERAL PART 3-
STRUCTURAL
Design CONSTRUCTION
SYSTEMS OR
REQUIREMENTS REQUIREMENTS
ELEMENTS

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 SBC-304: PART 3-CONSTRUCTION
REQUIREMENTS

DURABILITY
REQUIREMENTS

DETAILS OF
PART 3- CONCRETE
QUALITY,
REINFORCE CONSTRUCTION MIXING, AND
MENT REQUIREMENTS PLACING

FORMWORK, EMBEDDED
PIPES, AND CONSTRUCTION
JOINTS

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 SBC-304: CONCRETE QUALITY,
MIXING, AND PLACING
Selection of concrete
proportions

Hot weather Proportioning

requirement mixtures

CONCRETE QUALITY,
MIXING, AND
PLACING

Mixing ,Conveying, Average strength and

Placing and Curing Evaluation and
acceptance

Preparation of equipment
and place of deposit

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Elements of concrete provisions
SECTION 5.6
EVALUATION AND ACCEPTANCE OF CONCRETE

5.6.1 Concrete shall be tested in accordance with the requirements of

Section 5.6.2 through 5.6.5. Qualified field testing technicians shall
perform tests on fresh concrete at the job site, prepare specimens required
for curing under field conditions, prepare specimens required for testing
in the laboratory, and record the temperature of the fresh concrete when
preparing specimens for strength tests. Qualified laboratory technicians
shall perform all required laboratory tests.

Ready-mixed concrete shall be mixed and delivered in accordance with

requirements of "Specification for Ready-Mixed Concrete" (ASTM C 94)
or "Specification for Concrete Made by Volumetric Batching and
Continuous Mixing" (ASTM C 685).

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 SBC-304: FORMWORK, AND
CONSTRUCTION JOINTS
Design of
formwork

FORMWORK,
EMBEDDED Removal of
Construction
PIPES, AND forms, shores,
joints CONSTRUCTION and reshoring
JOINTS

Conduits and pipes

embedded in
concrete

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Examples of FORMWORK
provisions
DESIGN OF FORMWORK

6.1.5 Design of formwork shall include consideration of the following

factors:
(a) Rate and method of placing concrete;
(b) Construction loads, including vertical, horizontal, and impact loads;
(c) Special form requirements.
REMOVAL OF FORMS, SHORES, AND RESHORING
6.2.2.1 Before starting construction, the contractor shall develop a
procedure and schedule for removal of shores and installation of reshores
and for calculating the loads transferred to the structure during the
process.
(a)The structural analysis and concrete strength data used in planning and
implementing form removal and shoring shall be furnished by the
contractor to the when so requested;
(c) Sufficient strength shall be demonstrated by structural analysis
considering proposed loads, strength of forming and shoring system, and
concrete strength data.
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 Overview of Structural codes
References and contents

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Code References
SAUDI BUILDING CODE NATIONAL
OTHER TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
COMMITTEE
INCLUDING:
ARCHITECTURAL,
ADMINISTRATIVE,
MECHANICAL,
CONSULTATIVE
ELECTRICAL,
PLUMBING, FIRE
COMMITTEE
SAFETY, SPECIAL
SEISMIC

STRUCTURAL
TECHNICAL COMMITTEE
Based on chapter
Based on chapter 18 of Soils and Foundations Reinforced concrete 19 of IBC,
IBC, and a number of Workgroup Workgroup ACI-318 and other
codes and standards SBC 303 SBC 304 ACI standards

Steel
Based on chapter 17
Based on chapter 22 of workgroup Testing and inspections of IBC and other
IBC and on AISC-LRFD SBC 306 Workgroup standards
SBC 302

Masonry Based on chapter 16

Design loads
Workgroup of IBC,and ASCE-7-
Based on chapter 21 of workgroup
IBC,and ACI-530-02 SBC 305 02
SBC 301

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 SBC 301: Design Loads for Buildings and
Structures
Chapter 1 General
Chapter 2 Combination of loads
Chapter 3 Dead loads
Chapter 4 Live loads
Chapter 5 Soil and hydrostatic pressure and flood loads
Chapter 6 Wind load criteria
Chapter 7 Design wind load procedures
Chapter 8 Rain loads
Chapter 9 Seismic design criteria
Chapter 10 Seismic design requirements for building structures
Chapter 11 Material specific seismic design and detailing requirements
Chapter 12 seismic design requirements for non-structural
components
Chapter 13 Seismic design requirements for nonbuilding structures
Chapter 14 Site classification procedure for seismic design
Chapter 15 Quality assurance and supplemental provisions
Chapter 16 Existing building provision

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
Prof. Ahmed Shuraim
 CONCLUDING REMARKS
1) The presentation highlighted a number of key issues relevant to
the role, challenges and potential benefits that can be taken into
consideration

2) The structural codes comprised four areas:

a) Design criteria and Process

b) Construction Documents Requirements & Inspection schemes

c) Construction Requirements

d) Materials compliance with Standards

3) The presentation implicitly shows requirements for personnel

qualifications for designers, inspectors, and building officials

4) Successful implementation of the code requires education and

training of engineers to digest codes provisions and intents as
well as proper administrative and inspection schemes.

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Thank you

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim

 Brief biography

Ahmed B Shuraim is a professor of civil/Structural engineering at King Saud University,

Saudi Arabia, obtained his MSC and PhD from University of Michigan Ann Arbor.

Prof. Shuraim has published a number of scientific articles in distinguished ISI-journals, and recently he has
achieved a patent in the field of structural engineering from USPTO.

Currently he works as an advisor to the governor of SASO (Saudi Standards, metrology and Quality org.). He
is an active members on many committees involved in Building Code development in Saudi Arabia and the
Gulf states. He is a member of the National committee on the Saudi building code (SBC) and the chairman of
the structural committee in charge of various topics of structural requirements for concrete, steel, masonry,
soils and foundations, and minimum design loading.

He is also the chairman the structural committee in charge of developing building codes for the Arabian gulf

states (GCC). His membership in scientific society includes ASCE, ACI, ASTM, NFPA, SEI as well as local

engineering societies.

For more information: http://faculty.ksu.edu.sa/ashuraim/default.aspx

Prof. Ahmed Shuraim