Chapter 14

Induction Motor Drives

Extremely large potential as adjustable speed drives

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-1

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Pump Application: Adjustable Flow rate

Fixed versus adjustable speed drive

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-2

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Per-Phase Representation

Assuming sinusoidal steady state

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-3

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Important Relationships in an Induction
Machine

Not necessary for our purposes to know the

exact expressions for constants used here
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-4
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Torque-Speed Characteristics

The linear part of the characteristic is utilized in

adjustable speed drives
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-5
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Plot of Normalized Rotor Current

It increases with slip and slip frequency

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-6

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Acceleration Torque at Startup

Intersection represents the equilibrium point

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-7

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Torque Speed Characteristics at various
Frequencies of Applied Voltage

The air gap flux is kept constant

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-8

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Adjusting Speed of a Centrifugal Load

The load torque is proportional to speed squared

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-9

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Frequency at Startup

The torque is limited to limit current draw

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-10

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Increasing Speed at Startup

The ramp rate of frequency depends on load inertia

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-11

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Phasor Diagram at Small Value of Slip
Frequency

The rotor branch is assumed to be purely

resistive

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-12

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Voltage Boost to Keep Air Gap Flux at its
Rated Value

Depends on the torque loading of the machine

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-13

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Induction Motor Drive Capability Curves

Mainly two regions

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-14

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Generator Mode of Operation

Rotor speeds exceed the synchronous speed

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-15

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Regenerative Braking Mode to Slow Down

Machine is made to go into the generator mode

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-16

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Per-Phase Equivalent Circuit at Harmonic
Frequencies

The magnetizing branch is ignored

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-17

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Torque Pulsations due to Harmonics

Rotations of fields due to the fifth and the

seventh harmonics are in opposite directions
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-18
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Classification of Converter Systems

PWM-VSI is now most commonly use

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-19
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 PWM-VSI System

Diode rectifier for unidirectional power flow

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-20
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 PWM-VSI System

Options for recovered energy during

regenerative braking
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-21
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 General-Purpose Speed Controller

High dynamic performance is not the objective

here
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-22
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
Change in Switching Frequency based on the
required Fundamental Frequency

Can be significant in large power ratings

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-23

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Field-Oriented Control

A concise coverage is presented in Advanced Electric

Drives: Analysis, Control and Modeling using Simulink by
N. Mohan (www.MNPERE.com)
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-24
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Square-Wave VSI Waveforms

Large peak-peak ripple in currents

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-25

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 CSI Drives

Mostly PWM-VSI drives are used

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-26
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Comparison of Three Types of Inverter
Systems

PWM-VSI is by far the most commonly selected

system now
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-27
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
Speed Control by Adjusting the Stator Voltage

Highly inefficient in
most cases

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-28

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Controlling the Stator Voltage Magnitude

Results in distorted current and torque pulsations

Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-29

by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Torque-Speed Curves for Wound-Rotor
Machines

Highly energy-inefficient unless using energy

recovery schemes
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-30
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives
 Static Slip Recovery

Applications in very large power ratings where the

speed is to be adjusted over a very limited range
Copyright 2003 Chapter 14 Induction 14-31
by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Motor Drives