Viewpoints 2 Workbook PDF

Grammar Review
Present Simple and Present Past Simple and Past Continuous

Continuous
4. Write sentences using the words below. Use
1. Choose the correct answer. the Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1. Im angry with William. I am not talking / 1. your brother / watch TV / when / you / get home / ?
dont talk to him. Was your brother watching TV when
2. Listen! My sister is singing / sings in the shower. you got home?
3. This cheese tastes / is tasting strange. 2. you / finish / the / English homework / yesterday / ?
4. Are you thinking / Do you think Ann is pretty? Did you finish the English homework
5. Laura is walking / walks to school every day. yesterday?
3. I / not eat sushi / when / I / in Japan / last year / .
2. Complete the sentences with the correct I didnt eat sushi when I was in Japan
form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
Simple or Present Continuous. last year.
1. The sun sets (set) in the west. 4. last year / Susie / work / in a shop / while / study / .
2. Please dont disturb me. I am studying Last year, Susie was working in a shop
(study). while she was studying.
3. I still dont know (not know) the answer.
4. Do you always go 5. Complete the e-mail with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. Use the Past Simple or
(go) to the cinema on Friday nights?
Past Continuous.
5. We are having (have) a picnic next
Sunday.
6. How much does this parcel Rob@gmail.com
weigh (weigh)? Dear Rob,

Youre lucky that you missed the 80s tribute bands
3. Complete the school newsletter page with began
concert last night. It 1. (begin)
the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Use
badly. The organisers 2. refused (refuse)
the Present Simple or Present Continuous.
to open the doors to the arena early, even though it
Coming Soon
3. was snowing (snow) heavily. Then, when
they finally 4. let (let) people in,
Dont forget! Our school 1. is participating
nearly everyone 5. went (go) to the
(participate) in the annual Community Action Day
coffee kiosks to buy a hot drink, but guess what?
on 23rd September. Sign up now to volunteer!
The espresso machines 6. werent working
Mark your calendar: The Film Club (not work). Things 7. didnt get (not get)
2. meets (meet) every Monday at better during the concert. All of the bands
8 pm. Next week, they 3. are showing 8. sounded (sound) terrible because there
(show) Up in the Air. It 4. stars was something wrong with the sound system. And
while the last band 9. was playing (play), the
(star) George Clooney.
lights suddenly 10. went out (go out).
5. Do you want (want) to
Too bad I spent so much money on a ticket!
learn how to cook? Next Friday afternoon, the chef
is offering See you on Friday,
from Angies Restaurant 6.
(offer) a free basic cookery lesson to all Gina.
interested students. Contact Mona in the
office for details.

Viewpoints 2 Workbook B Burlington Books
Grammar Review
Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Simple and

Past Perfect Simple Past Simple
6. Rewrite the sentences using the words in 8. Complete the sentences with a time expression
brackets. Use the Present Perfect Simple or below.
Past Perfect Simple. Do not change the original in 2004 already yesterday just
meaning of the sentences.
never then yet
1. Sherry doesnt know how to ride a bicycle. (never) 1. A: Londons one of my favourite cities. What do
Sherry has never ridden a bicycle (before). you think of it?
2. I didnt know Dan until three years ago. (for) B: I dont know. Ive never been there.
I have known Dan for three years. 2. A: Do you want to borrow this book?
3. Jane finished her work. Then she went to the B: No, thanks. Ive already read it twice.
cinema. (after) 3. A: Are you having a driving lesson later today?
Jane went to the cinema after she had
finished her work. / After Jane had finished B: No, I had one yesterday .
her work, she went to the cinema.
4. I met Robs new girlfriend for the first time last 4. A: Have you already been to the library?
night. (before)
I had never met Robs new girlfriend B: No. I met Jane for breakfast, and then
before last night. / Before last night, I had we went to the shopping centre.
never met Robs new girlfriend.
5. I didnt see Anne at the school picnic. She left 5. A: How long have you had your dog?
before I arrived. (by the time)
By the time I arrived at the school picnic, B: We got him in 2004 , when he was a
Anne had left. / Anne had left by the time puppy.
I arrived at the school picnic.
6. A: Is Lisa coming to visit this weekend?
7. Complete the passage with the correct form of
the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect B: Im not sure. She hasnt decided yet .
Simple, Past Perfect Simple or Past Simple. 7. A: Someone delivered this parcel for you a few
minutes ago. Hurry up open it!
During the past decade, the increasing presence of
has led B: Wait a minute. Ive just walked
mobile phones 1. (lead) to a rise
through the door. I want a cup of coffee first!
in public discussion related to their use. In recent years,
researchers 2. have done (do) studies on
9. Complete the passage with the correct form of
their possible health effects. And lately, many places the verbs in brackets. Use the Present Perfect
3. have made (make) it illegal to hold a phone Simple or Past Simple.
while driving. But for many people, the biggest problem
1. Have you heard (hear) of the Klingon
of mobiles is rude behaviour including loud, personal
conversations, and the use of phones in cinemas and language? It is a language featured in many of the Star
restaurants. Some people are starting to fight this. Trek films. Marc Okrand, an American linguist,
2. invented (invent) Klingon in the early
During a play in New York in September 2009, the
plays two stars, Daniel Craig and Hugh Jackman, 1980s. The complex language was an immediate hit with
4. shouted (shout) at a man in the audience Star Trek fans. Since then, they 3. have bought
when his mobile phone not only 5. rang (buy) over a quarter of a million copies of the Klingon
didnt silence dictionary that Okrand 4. wrote (write).
(ring) several times, but he 6.

5. have established
(not silence) it. And Amy Alkon, an American writer, In addition, they (establish)
once 7. called (call) a man to complain Klingon study groups, websites and fan clubs. They also
6. have published
that he
8. had forced (forced) her to listen (publish) books and released CDs
to his loud conversation earlier that day in a caf. How on the language. People who are fluent in Klingon can
9. did she get (get) his finally read a Klingon translation of the Shakespeare play
Hamlet, a project that 7. began (begin)
phone number? He said it loudly during his phone call,
several years ago. They probably 8. greeted
and Ms Alkon simply 10. wrote (write) it
down. (greet) that news by saying, buy' ngop. Thats Klingon
for Thats great news!

Future Simple, be going to and Future Perfect Simple and
Present Continuous with Future Future Continuous
Meaning
12. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form
10. Complete the dialogues with the correct form of the verbs below. Use the Future Continuous
of the verbs in brackets. Use the Future Simple, or Future Perfect.
Present Continuous or be going to. There may buy not practise play score go
be more than one possible answer. not see move not run
A: 1. Are / Are / Will you seeing /
1. By this time tomorrow night, John
going to see / see
(see) Bill tonight? will have played in his 100th game
B: No. I 2. am studying / (study) for my history for our team, but he hopes that at this time
exam.
am going to study next year, he will be scoring goals for
is doing /
A: Do you know what Bill 3. is going to do (do)? Manchester City.
B: Im not sure, but he 4. will 2. I really miss Sue. I know I will be going
probably play (play) computer to visit her in three months time, but by then,
games with his brother. we wont have seen each other for six
months.
is bringing / 3. I wont be running in the race on Sunday
A: Who 5. is going to bring (bring) food to the
because I wont have enough by
picnic on Saturday?
then. practiced
B: David 6. is going to make /(make)
is making 4. By the end of the week, he
enough sandwiches for everyone. And he
will have bought furniture, and on
7. is also going to stop
Saturday, he will be moving into his
(stop) on the way to buy large bags of crisps.
new flat.
A: OK. So I 8. will bring (bring) fizzy drinks.
B: Good. Do you think we 9. will need
13. C
omplete the dialogues with the correct form
(need) anything else? of the verbs in brackets. Use a future tense.
A: I dont think so. There may be more than one possible answer.
1. A: Why does Emma want to learn French?

11. Write a logical continuation with the words in
is going to visit /
B: She
brackets. Use the Future Simple or be going to.
will be visiting (visit) her
boyfriends family in France in the summer.
1. Those are beautiful earrings. 2. A: Im sorry, but theres no more milk.
(Mum / love / them) will have
B: In that case, I (have)
Mum will love them. tea instead of coffee.
2. I cant wait to move to New York! 3. A: What time do you want to meet tomorrow
(I / move / there / in a few months) morning?
Im going to move there in a few months. B: After ten. I will have had (have)
3. We have got plenty of time. breakfast by then.
(we / not be / late) 4. A: Do you have plans for tonight?
We wont be late. B: Yes. I am going to go / (go) to a
am going
4. Relax. basketball game with my dad.
(you / pass / the / driving test / tomorrow) 5. A: Is that the Golden Gate Bridge?
You will pass the driving test tomorrow. B: Yes, and in a moment, we
5. Be careful! are going to drive / (drive) over it.
will be driving
(you / spill / the coffee) 6. A: Im looking forward to seeing Laura tonight.
Youre going to spill the coffee! B: Oh, I forgot to tell you. She
isnt coming / (not come).
isnt going to come

Grammar Review
Review of Tenses
16. C
omplete the passage with the correct form
of the verbs in brackets.
1 4. Complete the sentences with a suitable word
or time expression below.
how long by then while never
in the future always when
W
at three in the morning
1. Were bringing Sam at ten oclock tonight. hen Jamie Oliver 1. caught
By then , all the guests will have (catch) the publics attention in 1999 with his first
arrived for his surprise party. television series The Naked Chef, he was only 23
2. Why was your dog barking years old. By that time, despite his young age,
at three in the morning? he 2. already had (already / have)
3. She always goes to the yoga class ten years of cooking experience. Since the series
on Tuesdays because she likes the teacher. 3. ended (end) in 2001, Oliver
4. Shes an excellent windsurfer. I think shell win 4. has built (build) an impressive
a lot of championships in the future . business empire that 5. employs
5. How long have you known Rita? (employ) over 2,000 people and includes a cookware
6. Did you cry when the film ended? brand and several restaurants. And, of course, Oliver
6. has already written
(already / write) ten cookery
7. Janis was talking on the phone
while she was cutting vegetables. books, and 7. will probably write (probably /
write) more in the coming years. But more importantly,
8. Ive never let anyone read my
Oliver 8. is using / uses (use) his fame and
journal. Its private.
fortune to help others and to encourage healthy eating.
In 2002, he 9. established (establish) the

1 5. Rewrite the sentences using the words in
Fifteen Foundation, which trains and employs young
brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences. Make any necessary changes. people in restaurant work. Among the foundations
1. Is this your first time in San Francisco? (before) graduates are former drug addicts and youth who
Have you been to San Francisco before?
10. were (be) once in trouble with

the law. Olivers 2005 television series about the poor
2. When did you move into this flat? (how long)
quality of Britains school lunch programme eventually
How long have you lived in this flat? led
11.
(lead) to the government
3. I watched a film during the flight. (while) providing millions of pounds to improve it, and his 2008
While we were flying, I watched a film. / series Jamies Ministry of Food used a reality-show format
I watched a film while we were flying.
4. Those are my sunglasses. (belong) to show how to prepare healthy meals easily and cheaply.
Those sunglasses belong to me. Millions of fans 12. are waiting (wait) to see
5. What is that delicious smell? (smells) what hell do next but with his history, theres little doubt
What smells delicious? that it will be both entertaining and educational.

6. He finished the report on Thursday night and
handed it in on Friday. (the night before)
On Friday he handed in the report which /
that he had finished the night before.

2. Complete the puzzle using the clues below.
Across
2. T here are so many people here! How will we
find Jenny in this ?
4. If I were an , I would buy an enormous
house.
5. I hope your with Johnny Depp ends soon!
Fame
Im tired of hearing about him!
8. M
y sister met Bono, and got his on a CD
box.
9. I dont care about the latest fashion .
I wear what I like.
Vocabulary 10. M
y fathers a scientist, and his
Einstein.
is Albert
Down
1. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to 1. T here was a lot of before the university
the underlined words.
entrance exams.
1. We had such a lavish lunch that I was
2. J ake is part of the film . Hes an assistant
afterwards.
electrician.
a. hungry
3. T he actor Christian Bale got some bad
b. very full
when a tape was released of him shouting at
2. Colin was a spoilt child but, surprisingly, he
someone on a film set.
grew up to be a very man.
6. R
obert and his finally decided on a date for
a. considerate
their wedding.
b. self-centred
7. often print lies and rumours about
3. Prince Charles often makes controversial
celebrities.
statements that .
a. please everyone 1 2
p c r o w d
b. make some people angry 3
p r r
4. Theyre asking an outrageous price for this flat. 4
Its . u h e i r e s s
a. very reasonable b s w
b. far too high l s
5 6 7
5. T hat politician is notorious for . i n f a t u a t i o n
a. his many love affairs r a
c i
b. improving the economy
i a e b
6. She used to be quite wealthy, but shes lost
t n l
a lot of recently. 8
a. money y c a u t o g r a p h
b. weight i
9 10
t r e n d i d o l
s

Unit 1
3. W
rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. 5. Complete the sentences with a suitable
Correct the false sentences. collocation. Use the correct form of the verbs take,
F 1. A bodyguard is a personal trainer in a gym. go or catch and the words and phrases below.
A bodyguard is a person who protects breath blind for granted eye

someone. wild by surprise
T 2. A role model is someone we admire.
1. When we can catch the waiters
eye , lets ask for the bill.
T 3. When you fool someone, you trick them. take
2. Most of us good health
for granted until we become ill.
T 4. Fans of someone worship that person. 3. After I walked up the hill, I had to stop to
catch my breath .
F 5. A passer-by is someone who sells things at 4. Why are they letting their children
street markets. go wild ? Theyre disturbing
A passer-by is someone who passes / everyone.
walks by on the street. 5. Jacks dog is going blind and soon
F 6. When we gossip, we talk about ourselves.
wont be able to see.
When we gossip, we talk about others.
6. I never expected to win the contest. It really
4. C
omplete the passage with the words and took me by surprise .
phrases below.
straight pursue willing emerges 6. Complete the sentences by adding a suitable
drive instant in the spotlight suffix to the words in brackets to form nouns
talent scouts and adjectives. Make any necessary changes.
1. Tom is in the
entertainment(entertain) industry,
Gorgeous George luxurious (luxury) home.
in the and lives in a
George Clooney has been 1. spotlight for years as 2. That performer (perform) often attends
a film star. But he didnt climb 2. straight to the charity events for good publicity (public).
top. In fact, he was anything but an 3. instant star. 3. She cares a lot about her appearance (appear),
When he moved to Los Angeles to begin his acting career, and only wears fashionable (fashion) clothes.
4.talent scouts
werent interested in him. But he had a lot
4. In most places, political (politics) campaigns
of 5. drive and was 6. willing to take small are very expensive (expense).
roles in television shows. Success finally came in 1994,
5. Theres a special sales promotion (promote)
when he was cast in a new television hospital drama, ER. this week. If you buy two CDs by the same
Soon after that, Clooney began making films and became musician (music), you get a third one free.
a star.
6. We had a delightful (delight) time yesterday
Since then, hes had to cope with the problems fame can at theperformance(perform).
bring and that includes dealing with paparazzi, who
7. pursue him whenever he 8. emerges in 7. Complete the sentences. Make them true
public. Clooney rarely tells reporters about his private life. for you.
With his typical elegance, Clooney balances his public and 1. If I could go abroad tomorrow, I would go to
private lives better than most Hollywood stars. Accept all logical and grammatically .
correct answers
2. I was overwhelmed when
.
3. My friends and I sometimes gossip about
.
4. One of my role models is
.
5. I have to catch my breath when I
.

Grammar
1. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the Present Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
1. Im surprised that Lesley doesnt know any French. How long has she
been living (live) in Paris?
2. We had been sleeping (sleep) for an hour when we were woken by a loud noise.
3. She had been performing(perform) on stage for years before she appeared in films.
4. The band have been recording(record) their new CD for the past two months.
5. Have they been arguing (argue)? They look upset.
2. C
omplete the dialogue with the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
Use the Past Simple or a perfect tense (Simple or Continuous).
Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1. did

you feel (feel) when your name was announced?
Actress: I was shocked! In fact, I 2. have wanted (want) to win
this award since I was a child, and I still dont believe I won!
Reporter: 3. Did you enjoy (enjoy) the ceremony?
Actress: It was one of the best experiences of my life! And that includes talking with some of the fans
who 4. had been waiting (wait) all day to watch everyone, including me, on the red carpet.
Reporter: Now, what 5. have you been working (work) on for the past few months?
6. have been relaxing
Actress: Nothing! I (relax) for these last few months! But lately,
7. have been considering
I (consider) a part in a romantic comedy. In recent years,
I 8. have done (do) mostly serious, dramatic roles, and Id like to try
something different.
Reporter: We all look forward to seeing your next film!
3. R
ewrite the sentences using the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences.
1. Is this your first visit to a film set? (ever) 4. I finished most of my homework. Then I went
Have you ever visited a film set? / Have out. (after)
you ever been to a film set before? After I had finished most of my homework,
2. Madonna began performing in 1977. (since) I went out. / I went out after I had finished
Madonna has been performing since most of my homework.
5. W
hen did he start to play for Manchester City?
1977. (how long)
3. They havent released a new CD for three years. (ago)
They released their last CD three years How long has he been playing for
Manchester City?
ago. / Their last CD was released three
years ago.
4. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs below. Use gerunds or infinitives.
One verb is used more than once.
buy watch begin achieve be
1. Dont forget to watch the YouTube clip I sent you.
2. Sally is eager to begin her studies at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Arts.
3. On her way to school, Jessica stopped to buy a bottle of water.
4. Believe it or not, being wealthy doesnt solve all of lifes problems.
5. Achieving fame is an important goal for some people.
6. I stopped buying bottled water in order to save money.
10
Unit 1
5. C
omplete the passage with the correct 7. Correct the errors.
form of the verbs in brackets. Use gerunds
1. Im tired of this game. Were playing since noon.
or infinitives. There may be more than one
correct answer.
Im tired of this game. Weve been

playing since noon.
2. She was directing plays for five years when she
Working for the Stars
decided to direct a film.
She had been directing plays for five

With busy lifestyles and work that often takes them years when she decided to direct a film.
3. Be famous is all she is interested in.
far from home, many celebrities rely on large staffs
1. to take (take) responsibility for a great Being famous is all she is interested in.
deal in their lives. Although it may be exciting 4. I didnt forget writing my essay and hand it in
2.to meet / meeting on time.
(meet) famous people, its not always
easy 3. working / (work) for them. Some stars are
I didnt forget to write my essay and
to work hand it in on time.
notorious for 4. being (be) spoilt, which makes 5. She had never dreamed of win Britains Got
them extremely demanding bosses. In addition, Talent.
5. working (work) for a celebrity often means She had never dreamed of winning
extremely long hours and includes 6. travelling Britains Got Talent.
(travel) with them leaving very little free time for 8. Translate the sentences.
oneself. Despite all this, being a personal assistant to a 1. Tabloids have been printing articles about David
star or a nanny to their children can be interesting and and Victoria Beckham for years.
fun and provides a way 7. to observe (observe) the
Los peridicos sensacionalistas han
estado publicando artculos sobre David
private life of a celebrity. y Victoria Beckham durante aos.
2. I regret saying those things to him.

Me arrepiento de haberle dicho esas
cosas.
6. R
ewrite the sentences using the words in 3. We had been trying to buy concert tickets for
brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not two hours when we lost the Internet connection.
change the original meaning of the sentences. Llevbamos dos horas intentando
comprar entradas para el concierto
There may be more than one correct answer. cuando perdimos la conexin a Internet.
4. Have you been doing yoga for a long time?
1. S am didnt think of thanking us for all our help. Has estado haciendo yoga durante
(remember) mucho tiempo? / Llevas mucho tiempo
haciendo yoga?
Sam didnt remember to thank us for all 5. They had been studying for weeks, so they went
our help. wild when the exams were over.
2. S heri used to sing in a band, but she hasnt Haban estado estudiando durante
done that for years. (stopped) semanas / Llevaban semanas estudiando,
Sheri stopped singing in a band years as que se desmadraron cuando se
acabaron los exmenes.
ago.
3. I didnt go straight home. I bought milk on the Grammar Review
way. (stopped)

I stopped to buy milk on the way home. / 9. Complete the sentences with the correct form
On the way home, I stopped to buy milk. of the verb in brackets.
4. I dont think that Ive ever met your parents.
1. Jim is an incredible guitarist! How long
(remember)
I dont remember ever meeting your has he been playing (play)?

parents. 2. I miss you. I havent seen (not see) you
5. I am sorry to inform you that Mr Smith died last for a month!
week. (regret)
3. Mary wants to join (join) the Blur
I regret to inform you that Mr Smith
died last week. fan club.
6. I shouldnt have eaten so much last night. 4. Did Steve suggest meeting (meet)
(regret) for dinner before the film?
I regret eating so much last night. 5. Witnesses said that photographers
had been pursuing(pursue) Julia Roberts for
about five minutes before she shouted at them.
11
reading Promoting the Stars
1. L ook at the title of the text and the pictures. Public relations (PR) is the business of promoting a
What do you think the text is about? person, company, product or idea by generating media
public relations for stars / trying to get
publicity for stars and public interest. And personal publicists to the stars
2. Now read the text and check your answer.
seem to have the easiest job in PR because getting
ink (receiving media coverage) for celebrities is
3. Find words in the text that mean:
seldom a problem. In fact not surprisingly, in this age
1. harmful (paragraph 2) damaging of tabloids, paparazzi, mobile-phone cameras and
2. not obvious (paragraph 2) subtle especially the Internet, theres often too much ink,
3. planned (paragraph 3) orchestrated and its not always positive or to the stars liking.
4. necessary (paragraph 4) essential
Thats why a big part of a celebrity publicists job is to
help stars respond to false, damaging or embarrassing
4. Choose the correct answer.
articles and photos. This can be done directly, such as
1. When a celebrity gets ink, it means ... . by releasing a statement responding to the published
a. theyve got a problem information. Or a more subtle approach can be taken
b. they receive only bad publicity
by gradually shifting attention to different, positive
c. they have got a publicist
aspects of the stars lives, such as their involvement
d. theyre written about
with charitable or social causes.
2. The Wall Street Journal ... .
a. published the first photo of Tom Cruises wife In addition, some stars and their publicists have found
b. denied publishing fake paparazzi pictures a way to try to control coverage and to beat the tabloids
c. orchestrated fake paparazzi photos at their own game: they hire their own photographers
d. reported on the phenomenon of fake or give paparazzi advance notice so they can catch
paparazzi photos a star in a supposedly private moment. The editor of
an American gossip magazine recently estimated that
5. W
rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. about half of the celebrity photos we see fall into this
Find information in the text to support your
category. According to an article in the respected
answers.
business newspaper, The Wall Street Journal, examples
F 1. Surprisingly, new technology has had little
of these carefully orchestrated fake paparazzi moments
effect on media coverage of celebrities.
not surprisingly, in this age of include photos of Gwyneth Paltrow leaving hospital
mobile-phone cameras and especially the
Internet, theres often too much ink with her first baby and the worlds first glimpse of Tom
F 2. A subtle response to bad publicity is to issue Cruise with his wife, Katie Holmes.
a statement.
This can be done directly, such as Of course, many celebrities claim not to care about
releasing a statement ... . Or a more
subtle approach can be taken their public image or what the tabloids print. But for
T 3. Fake paparazzi photos account for about
those who do care, publicists are essential.
50% of published celebrity photos.

recently estimated that about half of the
celebrity photos we see fall into this category.
6. Answer the question according to the text.
hy do some stars hire photographers to
W
surprise them in a private moment?
Because that way they can better control
what is published about them.
12
Unit 1
writing Your Task

Write a for and against essay about the
advantages and disadvantages of celebrities
publicly supporting social and political
1. Choose the correct connector. There may be more than causes. Write 100-150 words.
one correct answer.
1. Despite / Despite this / In spite of the cold weather, Planning Your For and
none of the actresses wore jackets. Against Essay
2. Theres excellent public transport in New York, so you 1. Make sure you understand the issue.
wont need to hire a car there. However / Furthermore /
2. B
rainstorm the two sides of the issue. Write
On the one hand, youll need a car in Los Angeles.
a list of pros and cons.
Look at the ideas below. Which are pros?
2. Correct the run-on sentences below. Use a full stop and
Which are cons? Which could be either a
a capital letter or a connector.
pro or a con?
1. I studied all week, I didnt know all the answers in the test. - celebrities can influence people
I studied all week, but I didnt know all the
answers in the test. / Although I studied all - celebrities have got access to the media
week, I didnt know all the answers in the test. - an issue that a celebrity supports may get
2. Jim is buying flowers for Sally, its her birthday today.
Jim is buying flowers for Sally because its more publicity than other important issues
her birthday today. / Jim is buying flowers for that lack celebrity supporters
Sally. Its her birthday today.
3. I woke up late and left the house quickly and I arrived at - celebrities can help raise money for a
school and I realised it was Saturday. cause
I woke up late and left the house quickly. When - people may believe celebrities opinions
without doing their own research
I arrived at school, I realised it was Saturday.
Add your own ideas to the list.
3. Complete the for and against essay with the 3. D

ecide which view you support. Then
connectors below. decide which of the ideas above you will
include in your essay.
despite on the other hand furthermore
however in addition such as on the one hand 4. O
rganise your ideas. Use the model in
Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
Government Funding for the Arts
In Britain, it has always been customary for Plan
the government to provide financial support pening: State the issue / controversy.
O
for the arts. 1. However , some Body: Present arguments supporting
people wonder whether it is time to end this custom. each view.
2. On the one hand
C
losing: Conclude and state your own
most people dont benefit directly opinion.
from arts funding, and many never take advantage of
this help. 3. Furthermore /
In addition , government funds 5. Write a first draft.
for the arts means less money for essential services,
4. such as schools, health care, public transport 6. U
se the checklist to check your work.
and the police. Then write a final draft.
5. On the other , in comparison with those services,
hand Checklist
arts funding accounts for only a small portion of the
government budget. Yet even that amount helps Britain to I followed the plan for a for and against
preserve its artistic heritage and nurture new generations essay.
In addition / , arts funding allows
of artists. 6. Furthermore I used a variety of connectors of addition,
many museums to offer free entrance, creates job contrast and example.
opportunities and helps promote tourism. I checked my grammar, spelling and
In conclusion, 7. despite the arguments against punctuation.
government arts funding, I believe it should continue. I avoided run-on sentences.
The funding provides many benefits, and the arts are
crucial for our culture and society.
See Writing Guide, Students Book page 140 13

Progress Check Unit 1
Vocabulary Grammar
1. Choose the correct answer. 4. C
omplete the sentences with the correct
form of the verbs in brackets. Use the Present
large crew / crowd / passer-by has been
1. A
Perfect Continuous or Past Perfect Continuous.
gathering all morning to greet the team when
their plane lands. 1. L indas very tired. She hasnt been getting
(not get) enough sleep lately.
2. T he president emerged / pursued / gossiped in
public for the first time since the scandal began. 2. You look great! Have you
been working out (work out)?
3. S ome rock guitarists in the 60s and 70s were
spoilt / lavish / notorious for their drug use. 3. They had been going out (go out) for two
years when they decided to get married.
4. I cant believe Im finally meeting you! Youve
been my heiress / role model / fiance for years!
5. R
ewrite the sentences using the words in
y friends and I enjoy debating controversial /
5. M brackets. Use gerunds or infinitives. Do not
instant / wealthy issues. change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. I dont think that I locked the door. (remember)
2. C
omplete the e-mail by forming collocations I dont remember locking the door.
with the correct form of the verbs catch, take,
or go and the words below. 2. A
t the top of the hill, we paused and admired
the view. (stopped)
abroad everyone by surprise sight of
At the top of the hill, we stopped to
wild anyones eye a photo admire the view.
3. Dont eat any more of the biscuits! (stop)
Hey Sue, Stop eating the biscuits!
Youll never guess who I caught sight of last
1.
week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. took everyone when 6. C

omplete the sentences. Do not change the
by surprise original meaning of the sentences.
he walked into the shop, but nobody
3. went wild . Everyone acted really calmly. 1. I read all afternoon. Then I fell asleep on the
He looked at a few shirts, tried not to sofa.
4. catch anyones
, and then left. But before he After I had been reading all afternoon, .
eye 5. I fell asleep on the sofa
did, I managed to take a photo of him with 2. When did you start to follow a vegetarian diet?
my mobile (Im sending the picture with this e-mail). How long have you been following a ?
Now arent you sorry that you 6. went abroad vegetarian diet
for the summer? Write soon!
Love, Writing
Lynda
7. C
omplete the passage with the connectors
below.
3. C
omplete the sentences by adding a suitable
suffix to the words in brackets. for example moreover despite
such as
1. T he children watched in amazement
(amaze) as the magician performed his Sallie Larson loves her job, 1. despite its
impressive (impress) tricks. dangers. This Hollywood stuntwoman has performed
2. T his summer, there are free cultural hundreds of difficult stunts 2. such as running
(culture) events in the park, including a modern through fire and jumping from a moving car.
dance performance (perform). 3. Moreover , shes designed safety equipment.
3. T he young musician (music) appeared on 4. For example
, she created new seat belt and
chat shows as part of a publicity (public) helmet designs that are widely used during stunts.
tour to promote his new CD.
14
Unit 1

Vocabulary Grammar
1. Match I to II to form sentences. 4. Rewrite the sentences with the words in
I
of the sentences.
1. The facts emerged
1. Dont give the dog more treats. (stop)
2. Photographers pursued
Stop giving the dog treats!
3. He tried to fool
2. When did you start to learn karate? (how long)
4. They gossiped
How long have you been learning karate?
5. They were surrounded
3. First, Ill go to the bank. Then Ill go shopping. (after)
II After I go / have gone to the bank, Ill go
shopping. / Ill go shopping after I go /
4 a. to me about their other friends.
4. have gone to
He listened to music
the bank.
during the flight. (while)
5 b. by a lot of people.
He was listening to music while flying.
2 c. the actor into his hotel.
1 d. slowly, after a long investigation. 5. Write a logical response with the words
3 e. me, but it didnt work. below. Use the correct form of the verbs.
1. Here are my keys!
2. Choose the correct answer. Pay attention to I / look / for them / all day
I have been looking for them all day.
1. Every summer, a small crew performs on /
2. It took forever!
builds a stage in the park.
e / wait / for / three hours / when / we / finally /
w
2. I dont understand your infatuation with him.
see / the / doctor
Why dont / do you like him so much?
We had been waiting for three hours
3. That restaurant is notorious for its bad / good
service. when we finally saw the doctor.
4. The pressure from his parents makes Ron feel 3. I got to school late today.
relaxed / nervous. y the time / I / walk in / the teacher / hand out /
b
the test
3. Complete the blog entry by adding a suitable By the time I walked in, the teacher had
suffix to the words in brackets.
handed out the test.
Successful sports stars appear in adverts for
1. expensive
(expense) watches and 2. fashionable Writing
(fashion) designer clothing, and are photographed at
lavish parties with famous 3. musicians (music) 6. Complete the sentences with a suitable
and actors. There are often articles about their connector below.
4. luxurious nevertheless in spite of furthermore
(luxury) homes and yachts, as well
as about their occasionally 5. outrageous (outrage) moreover however although despite
behaviour. It sometimes seems that they are more 1. A lot of people dont like him. Nevertheless
, /
entertainment I think hes very nice. However
a part of the 6. (entertain) business
than the sports business. Lets start to appreciate 2. Although shes lived here for ten years, shes
sports stars again for their 7. amazing (amaze) never got used to the cold.
performances and not for the 8. publicity (public) 3. Im not going to rent that flat. Its too small.
they give to products or for what happens in their Moreover /, theres no view.
Furthermore
private lives.
15
2
2. T
he following sentences dont make sense.
Make them logical by replacing the words
and phrases in bold with the correct word or
phrase in bold from a different sentence.
1. It is harmful to birds and sea animals to destroy
plastic. ingest
2. This factory doesnt inhabit dangerous
substances because it was built with new
Going Green
green technology. emit
3. Giant pandas cut down remote mountain areas
in China. inhabit
4. If we dont ingest our spending, we wont have
any savings left. cut down
Vocabulary 5. Many scientists are now making their way

to studying the effects of climate change.
devoted
6. My parents use up driving in bad weather.
1. Complete the captions with the words below.
In fact, they never drive when its snowing.
debris pollution landfill trash avoid
1 Why do I always have to 7. Susan and Jim are still devoted here. They got
take the trash out? stuck in traffic, but should be arriving soon.
making their way
8. Everyone fears that the hurricane will emit
thousands of homes. destroy
9. If we have to pay the DJ 400, well avoid most
of the budget and wont have any money for
2 food. use up
Now that the rain has ended, its going to take
a lot of work to clear all this debris .
3. C
omplete the sentences with the words
below.
halfway fuel logging shortcut
greenhouse effect crops banned
bellies voyages renewable energy
environmentally friendly lack
3 1. I had driven halfway to your house when

What a shame that we cant see much of the
I realised that I hadnt taken the short cut
city today because of the air pollution .
you had suggested.
2. The greenhouse is creating climate changes
effect
which will affect the types of crops that
can be grown in regions of the world.
3. Severe lack of food for a long period of
time causes childrens bellies to become
4 Soon, this landfill will be covered. very large.
Were going to build a club on top of it. environmentally
4. Experts agree that it is friendly to use
renewable energy
.
5. Logging is banned in all the national
forests here.
6. Space voyages require a great deal of
fuel .
16
Unit 2
4. C
omplete the passage with the words and 6. C
hoose the sentence that best follows the
phrases below. original.
carbon footprint nightmare emitted 1. My glasses vanished into thin air.
amount carbon dioxide cut down
a. They were exactly where I had left them.
broke down made waves harmful
b. I couldnt find them anywhere.
Leisure and the Environment 2. Her personality brought a breath of fresh air
to the office.
In recent years, many respected scientists have a. She talks too much.
1. made waves by describing terrible b. Shes not like everyone else.
2. nightmare scenarios of the future 3. The money we raised is a drop in the ocean.
of life on Earth. The only solution, they say, is to a. It was more than we expected.
3. cut down on pollution. This would mean b. We need to raise a lot more.
reducing the 4. amount of damaging 4. With your education, the skys the limit.
5. carbon dioxide
we produce. Most of us, of
a. You can achieve anything you want.
course, dont even know the size of our own b. Theres a limit to what youll be able to
6. carbon footprint
. But a recent study of the achieve.
7. harmful environmental impact of an
5. Johns very down to earth.
average British citizen provided some interesting
a. Hes very depressed.
information. The study 8. broke down carbon
b. Hes easy to talk to.
dioxide-producing activities into 11 categories,
6. This problem is the tip of the iceberg.
including leisure, home-energy use and commuting.
a. I dont expect there to be any more difficulties.
Surprisingly, leisure activities accounted, on average,
b. I expect that well soon face other problems
for about one-fifth of the total carbon dioxide that is
as well.
9. emitted by each person in Britain. Think
7. Dont make a mountain out of a molehill.
about this the next time you watch a football match in
a brightly lit stadium or go away on holiday! a. Its really not a problem.
b. You should be more concerned.
8. Pollution has wiped out many species.
5. Match I to II to form sentences. a. Theyre more dangerous.

b. They no longer exist.
I
1. My computer isnt working properly. I hope it isnt
7. C
omplete the sentences. Make them true for
going to you.
2. I missed the first two lessons, but I think Ill 1. One of the locally grown crops is
3. Theres so much to learn for this exam. We need to Accept all logical and grammatically .
4. Thats a great idea! Ill
correct answers.
2. I should cut down on
5. When Lori and I see sad films, we .
6. Im not taking the bus home. Lee said hell 3. If I could take a voyage anywhere, Id like to go
7. Most experts dont expect the economy to .
II 4. I think it would be easy for me to pick up
6 a. pick me up. .
1 b. break down. 5. The last thing of mine that broke down was
3 c. break it down into sections. .
2 d. pick everything up quickly. 6. My worst nightmare is that
5 e. usually break down at the end. .
4 f. bring it up at the meeting. 7. I was brought up
7 g. pick up until early next year. .
17
Grammar 3. C
of the modals or modal perfects and the verbs
in brackets. Use the affirmative or negative.
neednt have brought
1. We (need / bring)
1. C
hoose the sentence that best follows the umbrellas with us. It hasnt rained at all today!
original. 2. Im going to be late! I should have woken up
1. You should have been there! (should / wake up) an hour ago!
a. It was a fantastic concert. 3. All these jeans are on sale, so I
b. Im sure youll enjoy it. might buy (might / buy) two pairs.
2. I might leave my phone at home. 4. Keith looked better with longer hair. He
a. Now Im sorry that I havent got it with me. shouldnt have cut (should / cut) it.
b. I dont think Ill need it.
5. I would have taken (would / take) the bus,
3. They might have missed the train. but it left as I arrived.
a. If they hurry, theyll catch it.
6. Lucys got a bad case of food poisoning. The
b. If they did, theyll be on the next one.
fish at the restaurant must have been
4. We could have helped them. (must / be) off.
a. I wonder why they didnt ask us.
7. Joe couldnt repair (could / repair) my
b. I wonder if theyll ask us to help.
computer, so I called a technician.
2. W
rite a sentence to describe each picture
with the words below. Use a modal or modal
perfect, affirmative or negative. There may be
more than one correct answer.
1 Zero Rubbish
Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh /

must have laughed when Frank Schiavo decided, about
Karen / wear / a jacket
25 years ago, that he was going to try to reduce the
Karen should have worn a jacket.
amount of rubbish he produced. But nobodys laughing
2 these days. In fact, we now 2. have to give / had to give /
must have given Schiavo credit for being one of the
first to adopt a zero-rubbish lifestyle.
The former environmental studies lecturer knew long
Mark / leave / the keys in the door ago that one of the ways we 3. cant reduce /
Mark must/may/might have left the keys can reduce / could reduce our personal carbon footprint
in the door. is to cut down on our rubbish. That means following
3
what some environmentalists call the three Rs:
Reduce, Recycle and Reuse. Reduce your purchases,
recycle anything possible and reuse food waste to
make compost. In addition, environmentalists insist on
they / be / delighted
repairing or donating items that you 4. cant recycle /
They must/should be delighted.
shouldnt recycle / could have recycled.
4 Schiavo succeeded in reducing the amount of rubbish he
5.
should have thrown / would have thrown /
must have thrown into the bin. After following a
zero-rubbish lifestyle for 16 years, a typical months
we / get / here / so late worth of his rubbish 6. must fit / might fit / could fit into
We shouldnt have got here so late. a small paper bag.
18
Unit 2
5. C
omplete the sentences with the correct 8. Correct the errors.
form of should or had better, affirmative or
1. I dont see Emma here. She must leave.
negative. There may be more than one correct
answer. I dont see Emma here. She must have
left.
1. You should wear that colour more often. 2. Im not sure whos singing that song. It might
It looks great on you. have been Madonna.
2. I think hes having a heart attack! We Im not sure whos singing that song.
should / call an ambulance immediately! It might be Madonna.
had better
3. You had use any of my things while 3. The president should has begun worrying about
better not
Im gone, or Ill be very angry. the environment years ago.
4. I know that I shouldnt eat so much junk The president should have begun worrying
food. about the environment years ago.
4. Would have Jane helped you?
6. R
ewrite the sentences with the modals in
Would Jane have helped you?
of the sentences. 5. Wed better to get petrol soon.
1. Have you got a pen for me to borrow? (can) Wed better get petrol soon.
Can I borrow your pen?
2. The water in this river is too polluted for us to 9. Translate the sentences.
drink. (mustnt) 1. O
ur country must cut down the amount of
We mustnt drink the water in this river. energy that we use.
3. Its possible that Jeff didnt receive the message. Nuestro pas debe reducir la cantidad de
(might not)
energa que usamos.
2. R
oad safety should be taught to young children
Jeff might not have received the message.
to avoid road accidents.
4. Theres no need for Julie to help me cook for the Se
debera ensear seguridad vial a los/as nios/as
party. (not have to) pequeos/as para evitar accidentes de trfico.
Julie doesnt have to help me cook for the 3. Youd better take the shortcut or youll be late.
party. Ser mejor que cojas el atajo o llegars
5. I doubt that story is real. (cant) tarde.
That story cant be real. / I cant believe 4. Y
ou shouldnt have brought up the subject of
that story is real. money.
7. C
omplete the sentences. Make them true No deberas haber planteado el asunto
for you.
del dinero.
5. C
elia may have broken down because of the
1. Next year, I might bad news.
Accept all logical and grammatically . Puede que Celia se echara a llorar a
correct answers. causa de la mala noticia.
2. My parents think I should
.
3. My friends had better not Grammar Review
.
4. People my age cant 10. C
. of the words in brackets.
5. When I was younger, my parents should have 1. Our teacherhas been working (work) in the
. school for the past 20 years.
6. At weekends, I dont have to 2. We had been playing (play) tennis for an hour
. before Carol joined us.
7. Last year, I should have 3. Windsurfing (windsurf) is a popular sport
. in Australia.
4. I should have gone(should / go) on holiday
last month when the prices were lower.
5. This milk smells (smell) off.
19
reading The Environmental Costs
of Being Online
1. R
ead the article quickly, ignoring difficult Theres no doubt that the Internet has got environmental
words. Then answer the questions. benefits. E-mails, for instance, save on paper, electricity
1. What problem does the writer describe? costs for processing ordinary letters and the fuel needed
online pollution to pick up and deliver them. Online purchases mean
2. What are some of the causes of the problem? fewer car trips to shops. As we increasingly get more
huge amounts of Google searches / news and music online, energy costs of producing
web page viewing / complex, online
virtual-reality game playing and transporting newspapers, magazines and CDs are
2. R
ead the text again and choose the best being reduced. And video-conferencing brings together
answer according to the text. people who, a few years ago, couldnt have met without
1. The information technology industry ... . travelling long distances.
a. produces about 2% less CO2 than airlines
But online activity itself has definitely got a carbon
b. generates a similar amount of greenhouse
gas as airlines do footprint. You might be surprised to learn that, according
c. emits 2% more carbon dioxide than the to a recent study, the information technology industry
airline industry emits approximately 2% of the worlds CO2 (carbon
d. creates much less greenhouse gas than the dioxide), creating about the same amount of greenhouse
airline industry gases as the global airline industry.
2. According to Evan Mills, computer data centres ... . The culprit, of course, is the electricity needed to run the
a. are among the most energy-saving facilities huge server computers of Google and other data centres,
b. consume a great deal of energy which are, says researcher Evan Mills, among the most
c. dont need a lot of electricity
energy-intensive facilities imaginable.
d. help Google conserve energy
3. Compared to an electric kettle, a 15-minute But what does this mean for the average computer user?
Google search ... . Estimates are that every 15 minutes we spend online
a. uses more energy performing a Google search or viewing web pages can
b. creates about two-thirds more CO2 generate up to 10 g of CO2. This is about two-thirds of the
c. produces fewer grams of carbon dioxide amount created by boiling a cup of water in an electric
d. generates 10 g more CO2 kettle. And players of online virtual-reality games can
use nearly the same amount of electricity in one year as
3. Complete the sentences according to the text. a typical citizen in Brazil uses over the same period.
1. By using e-mail, were able to save paper,
electricity

With more than 200 million Internet searches performed
costs for processing ordinary letters and on the
.
fuel needed to pick up and deliver them each day, billions of web pages being viewed and new
2. The average Brazilian consumes about the same online services such as Twitter gaining in popularity,
amount of electricity in a year as players of
many scientists believe its time to find ways to cut down
online virtual-reality games do over the .
same period the Internets environmental cost.
3. Internet
Every day, more than 200 million
searches are performed .

1. things that are bought
(paragraph 1) purchases
2. the cause of a problem
(paragraph 3) culprit
3. create
(paragraph 4) generate
20
Unit 2
Your Task
writing Write a letter of complaint to your local
newspaper about the lack of sports facilities
in your area. Write 100-150 words.
1. Read the letter of complaint below. Replace the Writing a Letter of Complaint
informal language in brackets with formal words and
phrases. 1. D
ecide what you want to say. Think about
the following questions:
- W
hat effect does the problem have on the
people in your community?
11 Pickwick Road
- Why does it bother you personally?
Corsham
- What actions should be taken?
Wiltshire
7th May 2010 2. T
hink of a way to convince the reader that
this problem is important. Which of the
following sentences could be used in your
letter?
Ms Allison Murray 1. I like sport.
President 2. Young people who participate in sport are
less likely to be bored and get involved in
NewSounds Records crime.
49 Dean Street 3. Playing sport regularly is part of a healthy
London lifestyle.
Madam 4. Team sports make you feel part of your
Dear (Allison) 1.
, community.
to express my
Im writing (to tell you about) 2. concern regarding 5. Being an athlete makes you more popular.
the type of CD packaging used by NewSounds Records.
3. O
To begin with, I (really dont like) Exercise 1 and the plan below to help you.
3. strongly disagree
that your company uses
plastic wrappings. Producing new plastic wastes
Plan
valuable natural resources. Opening: State the purpose of your letter.
Second, I object to the chemically-treated type of Body: Give information and details.
paper on which the inserted booklets are printed Closing: Request / Demand action.
because it is unsuitable for recycling.
Many record companies are packaging CDs in
paper or plastic cases made of 100% recycled 4. Write a first draft.
and recyclable materials. I (really think that) 5. U
4. strongly urge NewSounds to do the same in Then write a final draft.
order to reduce its carbon footprint.
Checklist
(Cant wait to hear from you.) 5. I look forward
to your reply. I followed the plan for a formal letter.
(Sincerely,) 6. Yours faithfully,
I used formal language.
James Emerson
I checked my grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures.

1. Buying music online is cheaper than to buy CDs.
Buying music online is cheaper than buying CDs.
2. Tims scooter is newer than the one Rachel has.
Tims scooter is newer than Rachels.
3. Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and his legs are long.
Sam has got blond hair, brown eyes and long
legs.
Vocabulary Grammar
1. R
eplace each word or expression in bold 3. C
with a suitable expression below. Make any of a modal or modal perfect and the verbs in
necessary changes. brackets. There may be more than one correct
break down pick up make waves answer.
cut down vanish into thin air bring up 1. I think we should ask (ask) Lynne for
1. She learned photography on her own, without help. She knows a lot about computers.
any formal training. picked up 2. She shouldnt have/ (prepare) so much
neednt have prepared
2. Many people could easily decrease the amount food. Nobody was very hungry.
of water they use. cut down 3. Iwould have called(call) you sooner, but I was
3. When the boy saw his injured puppy, he began busy.
to cry. broke down 4. Can/May/ I have (have) some water,
Could
4. I dont want to cause problems, so I wont please?
complain. make waves 5. Would you like (like) to join us?
5. The suspect seemed to disappear while the 6. Nobody could have (predict) his
predicted
police were chasing him. vanish into thin air reaction. He really surprised us.
6. Why did you start to talk about my party
in front of Donna? I asked you not to! 4. W
rite sentences with the words below. Use
bring up the correct form of should or had better.
1. I dont think Ellen looks good with short hair.
2. C
omplete the passage with the words and She / let / her hair / grow / long / again
expressions below. She should let her hair grow long again.
carbon footprint bellies amount 2. Youll fail the course unless you finish the project
a drop in the ocean renewable energy on time.
fuel environmentally-friendly We / work / on / it / today
We had better work on it today.
People who work out at Central Gym in
Hong Kong are not only trimming fat from 3. Davids not feeling well.
bellies He / go / out / tonight
their 1. , theyre also a
He shouldnt go out tonight.
source of 2.renewable energythat helps
provide power to the gym. Specially-designed
exercise machines capture the electrical energy Writing
produced by exercisers, which then becomes
fuel 5. R
ewrite the sentence below using formal
3.
to power the lights above
language. There may be more than one
the machines. Excess energy is stored in a battery. correct answer.
Of course, the 4. amount of energy
I really think youve got to do something really
5.environmentally-friendly
thats created by these fast to solve this problem.
workouts is only 6. a drop compared
in the ocean Possible Answer
to the amount of electricity the gym uses. But In my opinion, something must be done

researchers hope that eventually, human-powered quickly in order to solve this problem.
energy will be much more widely and efficiently
6. Rewrite the sentence using parallel structures.
captured and used. So, what could be better
Recycling plastic is better than to put it in
than increasing your fitness while reducing your
7. carbon footprint
landfills.
?
Recycling plastic is better than putting it
in landfills.
22
Unit 2
Progress Check Units 1-2

Vocabulary Grammar
1. Complete the passage with the words below. 3. Rewrite the sentences using the correct form
pollution trend wealthy harmful of the words in brackets. Do not change the
original meaning of the sentences.
lack lavish publicity the skys the limit
1. Im sure that Sam is disappointed. (must)
For 1. wealthy actors, such as George Clooney Sam must be disappointed.

and Leonardo DiCaprio, or rich businessmen like the
the skys when it comes to 2. I regret not bringing my iPod with me. (should)
founders of Google, 2.
the limit I should have brought my iPod with me.
buying a car. Theres certainly no 3. lack of
choices of 4. lavish vehicles, either. But recently, 3. Jeff planned to arrive earlier, but there was a lot
of traffic. (would)
they all made an interesting choice of a new car when
Jeff would have arrived earlier, but
they were among the first purchasers of the Tesla there was a lot of traffic.
Roadster a new electric sports car made by a small, 4. This is his first teaching job. (before)
independent manufacturer. This battery-powered Hes never taught before. / Hes never
had a teaching job before.
vehicle produces far less 5. pollution than an 5. When did you first begin to study environmental
ordinary petrol-powered car, and has much less of a science here? (how long)
6. harmful effect on the environment. With a price How long have you been studying
tag of over $100,000, its unlikely that the Tesla will environmental science here?
6. Sir, parking isnt allowed here. (had better)
become a widespread 7. trend . However, its Sir, you had better park somewhere else. /

celebrity owners certainly create good 8. publicity Sir, you had better not park here.
for electric cars in general.
Writing
2. W
rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence.
Correct the false sentences. 4. Complete the sentences with a logical ending.
F 1. When you ingest something, you throw it Pay attention to the words in bold.
away. 1. Dave likes to watch TV and

When you ingest something, you Accept all logical and grammatically .
consume it. correct answers.
F 2. When you emerge, you cant be seen. 2. There are many ways to conserve water. For
When you emerge, you can be seen. instance, we
T 3. When you are willing, you offer or agree to .
something. 3. I have to tidy my room every week. In addition,
I have to .
F 4. When you inhabit a place, you visit it. 4. Sally especially likes British bands such as
When you inhabit a place, you live in it. .
T 5. When you pursue something, you follow it. 5. Flying in a plane is faster than
.
F 6. When something is a breath of fresh air, 6. The service at this restaurant is terrible. However,
its good for the environment. .
When something is a breath of fresh
air, its new and different.
23
3
2. Complete the captions with the verbs below.
expose launch crawl lean crash
1 You cant continue to crawl .

You must drive a bit faster.
Online World
2 I want a style that doesnt
Vocabulary expose my bald spot.
1. Match I to II to form sentences.

I
1. Im sure that Ben has read my e-mails
2. Jake had a problem with the computer
this morning,
3 Oh, no! Please, please dont crash
3. I know youre upset because
now! My reports due in the morning!
4. He was relieved
5. He taught me how to keep my computer safe
6. You have to enter a password
7. Oh, no! What am I going to do?
This message says
8. He finally turned off the television
II
6 a. when you log onto this website. 4 Our market research
3 b. your job interview didnt turn out well. shows that the time is
right to launch
8 c. and helped me tidy up the flat.
the new TOP phone.
1 d. even though hes denied it.
4 e. t hat he hadnt accidentally deleted
his work.
7 f. that all my files have been
permanently removed.
2 g. but he restarted it and everythings
5 Please dont lean on my car.
fine now.
5 h. and prevent other people from
seeing whats on it.
24
Unit 3
3. C
omplete the dialogue with the words and 5. Complete each sentence with the adjectives below.
phrases below. pressing affluent close-up overjoyed
online available user-friendly overjoyed to see
1. Steve was polite, but he wasnt
updated google access
me.
social-networking sites portable
2. A lot of affluent high-tech executives have
expensive homes in this neighbourhood.
Salesman: May I help you?
3. We have several pressing topics to discuss, but
Ellen: Yes, please. Im looking for a new computer.
the most urgent is the book fair.
Its got to be lightweight and 1. portable ,
4. I can see every detail of the bee in the close-up .
because I want to be able to take it to cafs.
Salesman: I think you should consider a netbook, 6. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable
especially if youre going to use it mainly to go collocation. Use the verbs and nouns below.
2. online to 3. google people or visit Nouns:
erbs:
V
4. social- , such as Facebook. Weve got your password
networking sites download
several models 5. available that are all smaller, enter
an attachment
a song
and weigh and cost less than a typical laptop. charge
user- information
Theyre also very 6. theres nothing forward
friendly a mobile phone
complicated to learn. Just turn it on and you can post
7. access the Internet wherever theres a charge a mobile when its battery is low.
1. You
wireless connection. phone
2. You have to enter your in order to access
Ellen: Do netbooks come with 8. updated some websites.
password
programs, like the latest version of Office? 3. When you want to send a document or photo to
Salesman: No. You have to buy those separately. someone, you forward an .
attachment
Ellen: OK. A netbook sounds perfect. Let me see 4. It sometimes takes a long time to
download a song onto a computer.
what youve got ... .
5. When you add something to your Facebook page,
you post information .
4. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
7. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of
1. All employees use cars / computers from the the verbs in brackets and suitable prepositions.
companys fleet. 1. Sally reminds me of (remind) you.
2. The Olympic athletes entered the stadium, 2. I applied for (apply) five jobs last week.
wearing / carrying poles with the flags of their
3. When did you first hear about (hear) this?
countries.
4. He depends on (depend) his parents for money.
3. For safety, a fence was built over / around the
pool. 5. Ive thought of (think) the perfect present for her.
4. A burglar stole / delivered ten laptops yesterday.

8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.
5. I had a sudden urge to eat meat, so I
1. My favourite social-networking site is
ordered a hamburger / became a vegetarian. Accept all logical and grammatically .
6. Diana keeps all her important papers / T-shirts correct answers.
2. I recently googled
in a folder.
.
7. My music files are organised on my computer /
3. If I were affluent, I would
in CD boxes.
.
8. This software comes with a tutorial that provides
4. Someone once forwarded me
a discount / instructions.
.
5. I bought an amazing device that
.
25
Grammar 4. R
ewrite the sentences in Exercise 3 by
completing the sentences below. Do not
change the original meaning of the sentences.
1. The exam had been completed by 11.30 yesterday
.
1. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form 2. People once believed that the world was flat
.
of the verbs in brackets. Use the passive.
3. Experts consider junk food to be unhealthy .
1. T he phone should be charged (should /
4. Companies often launch new products with
charge) for 12 hours before you use it. publicity campaigns and free samples
.
2. Tickets will be / are going (sell) next week.
to be sold 5. A major games company is now producing
3. S ince the band put their latest song online, the computer game she designed .
it has been (download) by
downloaded
thousands of fans. 5. C
4. T his photo must have been (must / take) of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or
taken passive.
in the winter. Look at the snow!
5. By the time we completed the survey, it
Becoming Famous on YouTube
had been answered (answer) by 420 people.
When Jawed Karim, one of YouTubes founders,
1. posted (post) the first video there
2. W
rite a logical continuation with the words in
on 23rd April 2005, nobody 2. could have
brackets. Use the passive form of the verb.
predicted
1. Ive just received an e-mail from Amazon. (could / predict) that the website would become one
(my package / deliver / next week) of the most popular on the Internet. Each minute,
My package will be delivered next week. at least 20 hours of video 3. are uploaded
2. I didnt eat anything at the party. (upload) to the site, which 4. was bought
(all the food / eat / by the time / I arrive) (buy) by Google in 2006. The selection of videos
All the food had been eaten by the time includes films, television shows, homemade music
I arrived. videos, documentaries, as well as some short
3. T he invitations are finally addressed.
(they / not / send out / yet) films that 5. are considered (consider) to be
They havent been sent out yet. original and artistic by serious critics. In addition,
4. Y
ou can check tomorrows weather. many YouTube stars 6. have been created
(forecasts / give / on several websites) (create) over the past few years. These are people
Forecasts are given on several websites. whose videos 7. have been (watch)
watched
by millions of people. Among these stars are
3. C
omplete the sentences with the correct Matt Harding, thanks to his videos of himself
active or passive form of the verbs below. dancing with people all over the world, and
Use each verb only once.
Ryan Higa, whose video How to Be a Ninja
launch complete consider 8. has been viewed
(view) over 20 million
produce believe
times so far. Another YouTube star is Lauren Luke,
1. B
y 11.30 yesterday, everyone had completed
a young Englishwoman whose popular series of
the exam.
videos about applying make-up led to her own
2. It was once believed that the make-up line that 9. was launched (launch)
world was flat. in April 2009. Its this unpredictable variety of
3. Junk food is considered to be unhealthy. videos that keep people hooked on YouTube!
4. New products are often launched
with publicity campaigns and free samples.
5. T he computer game she designed is
now being by a major games company.
produced
26 Matt Harding
Viewpoints 2 Workbook B Burlington Books dancing in India
Unit 3
6. R
ewrite the sentences using two passive 8. Correct the errors.
structures.
1. The decision has already be made.
1. T heyre using computer animation to make the The decision has already been made.
film.
2. At the moment, passwords are been changed.
Computer animation is being used to
make the film. The film is being made by At the moment, passwords are being changed.
using computer animation.
3. The dates of the meetings will be sent everyone.
2. W
e will e-mail the concert tour dates to
The dates of the meetings will be sent to
everyone next week. everyone.
The concert tour dates will be e-mailed 4. Sorry, Mrs Rivero. Im late because Ive checked
to everyone next week. Everyone will
be e-mailed the concert tour dates next my teeth at the dentist today.
week. Sorry, Mrs Rivero. Im late because I had
3. Someone sent me flowers on my birthday.
Flowers were sent to me on my birthday. my teeth checked at the dentist today.
I was sent flowers on my birthday. 5. Fifty years ago, this computer was considered to
4. E xperts believe that Internet addiction is a was the fastest one in the world.
growing problem. Fifty years ago, this computer was
It is believed that Internet addiction is a considered to be the fastest one in the world.

growing problem. Internet addiction is
believed to be a growing problem.
5. People think his videos are very entertaining. 9. Translate the sentences.
His videos are thought to be very 1. A new product has just been launched for the
entertaining. It is thought that his videos Spanish market.
are very entertaining. Se acaba de lanzar un nuevo producto para el
mercado espaol.
7. C
omplete the e-mail with the correct causative 2. Certain expensive items can be bought only by
form of the verbs below. There may be more affluent people.
than one correct answer.
Ciertos artculos caros pueden ser comprados
cut install put on made deliver solamente por gente acomodada.
3. Nobody understood why all those photos had
been deleted.
Jon@gmail.com Nadie comprendi por qu haban sido
borradas todas esas fotos.
Hi Jon, 4. These images shouldnt have been removed from
our website.
Thanks for the e-mail! Im glad you finally
1. had / got Estas imgenes no deberan haberse eliminado
an Internet connection de nuestra pgina web.
installed . 5. USB flash drives are said to be quite affordable.
Im busy these days and not only with studying. Se dice que las memorias USB son bastante
asequibles.
I 2. had / got my hair cut the other
day, and today Im taking my motorbike to the
garage to 3. have / get new tyres put on . Grammar Review
While thats being done, I 4. willget
have / an extra
set of keys made to my flat, so you can 1 0. Complete the sentences with the correct form
have a set when you visit next week. of the verbs in brackets.
1. We were met by friends who
When you come, we should invite friends over, rent
have had been waiting (wait) for us for an hour.
a couple of films and 5. burgers and
chips delivered . 2. Skiing (ski) is a popular sport.
3. We didnt like the restaurant that Gina
See you in a few days!
recommended. We should have gone
Angie
(should / go) to a different place.
4. The book was reviewed (review) in several
newspapers last week.
5. That girl looks (look) familiar.
27
reading @
1. Read the first sentence in each paragraph in Internet
the text. In which paragraph do you think you
will find the following information? Addiction
1. whether Internet addiction is considered an
official disorder 4 Do you neglect responsibilities whenever you have the
2. some signs of Internet addiction 1 urge to spend time online? Do you feel depressed if
3. what needs to be considered when making youre away from a computer game for too long? Do you
a diagnosis of Internet addiction 3 lie about the amount of time you spend online? Is your
4. why Ben Alexander was in a treatment virtual social life more important than your real social
centre 5 life? If so, they may be signs that you have an Internet,
gaming or computer addiction now commonly called
5. how Internet addiction differs from some
Internet addiction.
other addictions 2
Since the mid-1990s, when the problem first began to
2. Now read the entire text and check your answers. be widely discussed among mental-health professionals,
comparisons have been made between excessive
3. Complete the sentences according to the text. computer use and addictions to gambling, drugs or
1. Mental-health professionals first began alcohol. There are differences, though, especially as
discussing the problem of Internet . Internet addiction doesnt usually involve losing money
addiction in the mid 1990s or pose an imminent threat to ones physical health.
2. South Korea and the United States are among
the countries that already have got .
rehabilitation programmes for Internet Moreover, many experts say that an Internet addiction
addiction sufferers diagnosis shouldnt be based mainly on the amount of
time devoted to the activity. Instead, they say, what must
1. Among the signs of Internet addiction NOT be examined is the negative effect the activity has on
mentioned is ... . someones life. Someone who stays home from school
a. spending money online
or a job in order to remain online, for instance, or who
b. neglecting responsibilities
gains emotional satisfaction only from their gaming or
c. depression
virtual social life, should be considered an addict.
d. socialising online only
2. The most important factor to consider when Internet addiction is not yet accepted as a mental disorder
making a diagnosis of Internet addiction is ... . by the American Psychiatric Association or similar
a. the amount of time spent online professional organisations elsewhere (though it may soon
b. the impact online or gaming activities has gain official recognition in China). Despite this, a wide
on someones life range of treatments is already available for it, including
c. a persons favourite online activities rehabilitation programmes in South Korea, China, the
d. whether someone uses the Internet at work USA and other countries. Critics may point to this as
proof that addiction specialists are already benefitting
5. Find words in the text that mean the opposite of: from creating a new group of patients to treat.
1. pay attention to (paragraph 1) neglect
But that probably doesnt matter to sufferers like 19-year-
2. not enough (paragraph 2) excessive
old Ben Alexander who, in September 2009, was the first
3. loses (paragraph 3) gains patient at ReSTART, a treatment centre in the USA. He
4. suffering (paragraph 4) benefitting didnt finish university because of his inability to limit
the amount of time he spent playing the video game
World of Warcraft. Hopefully, ReSTART will enable
Ben to regain control of his life.
28
Unit 3
writing Your Task

Write an opinion essay about the following
statement: Using a mobile phone in public
venues is impolite. Write 100-150 words.
1. Choose the correct connector.
1. So that / Due to / In order to get an iPhone at a Writing an Opinion Essay
discount, you have to show your student ID. 1. Make sure you understand the issue.
2. S he enjoys living here. Therefore, / Due to / Because
2. D
ecide if you agree or disagree with the
shes not sure that she wants to attend university
statement.
anywhere else.
3. P aul is one of the nicest people I know. As a result, / 3. B
rainstorm ideas you can use to support your
Because / For this reason, Id like to introduce opinion. Look at the points below. Which
him to your sister. could be used by someone who agrees
with the statement above? Which could be
2. Add apostrophes where necessary. used by someone who disagrees?

1. The dogs fur is white, but its tail is black. - ignoring people when using mobile phones

2. Can you hear the peoples screams? Theyre so frightened. - same as talking face to face

3. I love your jacket. Its beautiful. - loud mobile-phone ringtones
- lit screens disturb
3. C
omplete the opinion essay with suitable connectors. - acceptable behaviour today
There may be more than one correct answer.
4. D
ecide which ideas to include in your essay.
Think of facts, details and examples to
Too Much Self-Service Online? support your arguments.
More and more business is being conducted online, from 5. O
banking to booking travel tickets. While many people Exercise 3 and the plan below to help you.
like this trend, I think it has disadvantages for the
consumer.
Plan
First of all, a credit or debit card is usually needed pening: Present the issue and your opinion.
O
1. in order to
make online purchases. 2. As a result /
Therefore , Body: Present reasons, facts and
people who lack these cards cant take advantage of examples to support your opinion.
Internet deals such as low-priced plane tickets. Closing: Restate your opinion and / or make
Second, the ability to print boarding passes or tickets suggestions.
at home is presented to consumers as an advantage
but it is also an inconvenience 3. because / it costs us 6. Write a first draft.
time and money for the ink and paper. since
7. U
Finally, online orders are often difficult to change,
Then write a final draft.
and customer service is not always readily available.
4.For this reason /
Therefore, some people are nervous about making Checklist
online purchases.
I followed the plan for an opinion essay.
All in all, I dont think that consumers who do their
business online are always treated well. Consumers I used connectors of cause and result and
should let companies know when they dont like this connectors of purpose.
self-service approach. I checked my grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
I checked that the verbs and subjects
agree.

Vocabulary Grammar
1. Choose the correct answer. 4. C
of the verbs in brackets. Use the active or
1. Dont crawl / lean on the wall! The paint is wet!
passive.
2. L uckily, I didnt lose my work when my computer
crashed / restarted. Urban legends those scary or weird stories that
3. T he pole / fence around our garden is made of
1. are said (say) to be true but arent
wood. have been around for a long time. In the 1800s in
4. The password / tutorial is easy to remember. England, for instance, rumours 2. spread / were spread
5. Im sorry, but theres no available / pressing (spread) of the existence of a man who
appointment today.
3. was referred (refer) to as Spring-Heeled
Jack. He had a terrifying appearance and could jump
6. S he grew up in an affluent / updated family, so
she never had to worry about money. very high. Since the mid-1930s, tales
4. have been told
(tell) of alligators living in the
2. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable sewers under New York City. Nowadays, urban legends
preposition. Pay attention to the words in 5. are making / (make) their way around the
bold. make
world with the click of a mouse. In recent years,
1. Some packaged foods seem to consist mainly millions of people 6. have read (read) that
of chemicals. certain tight jeans can kill the wearer and that
ere going to stay
2. W at / in a hotel right poisonous spiders often 7. live (live)
on the beach! in passenger jet bathrooms. Both of these stories are
3. I like Charles, but I wouldnt depend false. But even if we know that urban legends are
on him for anything important. untrue, many of us still enjoy reading them. Theyve
ou forgot to remind me
4. Y about Sues even become the subject of research for some folklore
birthday. specialists who keep a close eye on the Internet to learn
ate applied
5. K for her provisional which are going viral that is, which urban legends
8. are being read
driving licence yesterday. (read) by and forwarded to
millions of people.
3. C
omplete the sentences with the words and
phrases below.
turn out fleet urge deny access
Writing
delete
5. C
1. W
hen some ex-smokers get the urge connector of cause, result or purpose. There
for a cigarette, they chew gum. may be more than one correct answer.
2. D
ont worry. Everything will turn out 1. A lot of cafs offer free wireless Internet access
perfectly. because it attracts customers.
3. Y
ou should delete this sentence from eg cant eat sugar. Therefore , she has to
2. M
your essay. Its unnecessary. read food labels carefully.
4. I have no idea why I cant access the 3. Due to / a computing error, the January
Because of
Internet at the moment. electricity bills were incorrect.
5. Did he deny that he had been cheating?
6. T hey offer good prices on all the cruise ships in 6. Choose the correct answer.
their fleet . 1. His friends / friends jacket is very expensive.
2. Its / Its going to rain soon.
30
Unit 3

Vocabulary Grammar
1. C
omplete the sentences with the words and 3. C
omplete the sentences so that they have
expressions below. a similar meaning to the original. Make any
shortcuts landfills emerged devices necessary changes.
exposed delete fool 1. Have you watered the plants?
making a mountain out of a molehill Have the plants been watered ?
tip of the iceberg social-networking sites
2. This is the first time Ive eaten Thai food.
1. S ome combinations of computer keyboard keys
I ve / have never eaten Thai food before .
can be used as quick shortcuts to
add or delete text. 3. We got to the concert after it began.
2. Unfortunately, computer scams and hoaxes The concert had already begun by the time.
we arrived
fool a lot of people,
and the scams we know about are only the 4. C
omplete the passage with the correct form of
tip of the iceberg . the verbs in brackets.
3. New facts about the businessmans crimes have 1. Should blog identities be
emerged in recent days, and (should / be) private? Thats the question many people
details about his private life have also been 2. have been asking
(ask) since August 2009. A judge
exposed . made
in New York 3.
(make) Google
4. Mobile phones, computers and other electronic reveal the name of a blogger who, in one of her blog
devices shouldnt be disposed of entries, 4. had insulted (insult) model Liskula
in landfills .
Cohen. Many people 5. were angered (anger) by
5. I think that those who say its dangerous to meet this decision, which 6. was considered (consider) to
people through social-networking are be a threat to free speech. I 7. would have agreed
making a mountain . sites
(would / agree) with the judges verdict, but the blogger
out of a molehill 8.hadnt threatened
(not threaten) Cohen in any way,
2. C
omplete the passage with the verbs below.
said one New York lawyer. But other people celebrated
the judges decision as a reminder that people
forward post take catch
9. shouldnt be (should not / allow) to write
allowed
We do things so fast online that we dont always stop to whatever they want anonymously. Whats your opinion
think before we 1. forward an e-mail containing a on the matter?
silly joke to a friend or 2. post new messages or
pictures on our Facebook page. Next time, pause for a
moment. Is your friend studying so much that he / she
Writing
can hardly 3. catch his / her breath? Then you 5. R
ewrite the run-on sentences below with
may not want to bother him / her with an unnecessary suitable connectors. Make any necessary
e-mail. Did you 4. take / post a photo of someone that changes. There may be more than one correct
answer.
might embarrass them? Then perhaps its better not to
put it on your Facebook page, as its difficult to know 1. I want to go on holiday this summer, I need to
who will 5. catch sight of it. Remember: think earn some money.
I want to go on holiday this summer, so
before you click. I need to earn some money.
2. We took umbrellas, it didnt rain.
We took umbrellas but it didnt rain /
even though it didnt rain.
3. I was upset, I was also embarrassed.
I was upset and embarrassed.
31
4
2. C
omplete the sentences with the words and
phrases below.
accurate mouth-watering tough
nasty weird all the rage
1. The exercise class was too tough
for me. Ill have to find an easier one.
2. I dont like high heels, even though theyre
all the rage now.
Sense It 3. Instructions must be

4. She said some
accurate
nasty
.
things to
me last night. Shed better apologise.
5. That story is too weird to be true.
Vocabulary 6. The bakery is full of mouth-watering cakes

and biscuits.
3. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to
Across 1. This pattern smells / looks great.
1. stay in the same place 2. This song / book has no rhythm.
4. speak in an extremely soft voice 3. Residents complain about the bad / loud
odours from the factory.
6. look at intently for a period of time
4. My only purchase was a laptop / toothache.
7. cause something to happen
5. Theres a new exhibit Id like to eat at / see.
Down 6. I love the scent of lemons, although I dont like
to eat / smell them.
2. move closer
3. smell bad
4. M
ake as many logical pairs by combining the
5. keep something for the future adjectives and nouns below.
6. move ones hand gently on something
Nouns:
1 2 djectives:
A skin
e m a i n
r
3 tasty hair
s p bright meal
t p pale material
4
w h i s p e r faint colour
5 smooth noise
s n o
6
t k s t a r e tasty meal
1.
o t c 2. bright colour
7
t r i g g e r h bright material
3.
e o 4. pale colour
k 5. pale skin
e 6. pale material
7. faint noise
8. smooth skin
9. smooth material
10. smooth hair
32
Unit 4
5. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.

bitter all the rage accurate savoury flavour trigger take advantage of
Umami The Fifth Taste

Tastes used to be categorised into four categories: sweet, salty, sour and 1. bitter . But now, any
2. accurate list must include a fifth taste umami. This refers to the rich and 3. savoury taste some
foods, like Parmesan cheese, have.
Umami was first identified in the early 1900s by Japanese researchers who traced its source to seaweed, long
used in Japanese cooking to give extra 4. flavour to food. Umami cookery is 5. all the rage these days,
and it may even have health benefits. For instance, people can 6. take umami to lower their salt
advantage of
intake. Moreover, people who eat umami-rich diets tend to eat fewer calories. The reason for this is believed
to be that umami-poor food leaves people dissatisfied, which will 7. trigger the desire to eat more.
6. T
he following sentences dont make sense. Make them logical by replacing the phrasal verbs in bold
with the correct phrasal verb in bold from a different sentence. Make any necessary changes.
1. Looking at those old photos started up a lot of happy memories. brought back
2. Our school set off a website last year. set up
3. At first, he started over as a painter, but for the past 30 years, hes done mainly sculpture.
started out
4. I didnt like my drawing in art class, so I decided to set up. start over
5. The loud noise brought back the alarm. set off
6. I want to set Paul back to the party tonight. I think hell have fun. bring along
7. She started out her first business when she was 15 years old. started up
8. When the tennis star broke her ankle, it brought her along, and she didnt win a match for over a year.
set back
7. Match each sentence in I with a logical continuation in II. Pay attention to the underlined words.
I II
1. She ignores everything I say. 3 a. But we keep in touch with each other.
2. We rarely agree about politics. 5 b. Wheres their common sense?
3. They moved abroad three years ago. 6 c. They dont have much of a sweet tooth.
4. She has to learn not to treat people so rudely. 1 d. It just goes in one ear and out the other.
5. Thats a stupid idea. 4 e. Someone should give her a taste of her own
6. They rarely eat dessert. medicine.
2 f. We simply dont see eye to eye.

1. A recent purchase I made was Accept all logical and grammatically correct answers. .
2. I was in a bad mood because .
3. It goes in one ear and out the other when adults tell teens .
4. In my opinion, a pleasant aroma is .
5. I once saw an exhibit of .
6. Id like to start up a .
7. I think its disgusting when .
8. I once stared at someone who .
33
Grammar 3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
Ive never
1. Complete the sentences with the reporting
surfed
verbs below. There may be more than one
correct answer. before.
denied complained advised asked
warned suggested reminded
1. He admitted that he had never surfed
refused wondered
before .
1. Sharon asked me why I was in a bad mood.
2. David reminded me that the meeting was in
Im having my driving test today.
an hour.
3. Marcy refused to volunteer because she
was too busy.
4. Carolyn wondered / whether the city bus tour
asked
was worth taking.
5. The boy denied eating all the biscuits.
2. He told me that
he was having his
6. The security guard asked / us not to lean
warned driving test that day .
over the fence.
7. She complained that the film was boring.
advised / trying the new Mexican
8. Steve suggested
Whos been wearing my clothes?
restaurant.
9. My dad advised me to print two copies of
my application.
2. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

1. Its fine. Ill let you borrow my camera for the 3. Lucy demanded to know who had been
weekend. wearing her clothes .
Sara agreed to let me borrow her
camera for the weekend. Ill help you when the programmes finished.
2. I promise that I wont tell anyone.
Mark promised that he wouldnt tell
anyone.
3. Where are you going?
She wondered where I was going .
4. Ive been waiting here for you for an hour! 4. Joe said he would
help me when
Robert complained that he had been waiting the programme was finished .
there for me for an hour.
5. I may travel to London next weekend. I cant wait until the new bike lane is built.
Miranda mentioned that she
might travel to London the following
weekend.
6. Ive finally made a decision.
Jason told me that he had finally made .
a decision
7. You should add more salt. 5. He said he
couldnt wait until the new
Danny suggested adding / more salt. bike lane was built .
that I add
34
Unit 4
4. R
ewrite the sentences in reported speech. 6. Correct the errors.
1. Bess told to me that she used to play the guitar.
1. What time is it? Libby asked her mum. Bess told me that she used to play the
Libby asked her mum what time it was. guitar.
2. I asked my sister that if I could borrow her coat.
2. You should tell Sam how you feel, my best I asked my sister if I could borrow her
friend advised me. coat.
3. They wondered whether did I liked horror films.
My best friend advised me to tell Sam
how I felt. They wondered whether I liked horror
3. Will you have time to go to the supermarket films.
4. Sam suggested that we ate at a restaurant.
today? my mother asked me.
My mother asked me if / whether I would Sam suggested eating at a restaurant /
that we eat at a restaurant.
have time to go to the supermarket that day. 5. The lifeguard warned us didnt swim there.
4. Dont sit on the grass, the young woman
warned them. The lifeguard warned us not to swim
there.
The young woman warned them not to
sit on the grass. 7. Translate the sentences.
5. I didnt have enough time to finish the work,
1. T im explained that that song always brought
Barbara complained.
back happy childhood memories.
Barbara complained that she hadnt
had enough time to finish the work. Tim explic que aquella cancin siempre le traa
6. Everyone has to write an essay about the a la memoria recuerdos felices de su niez.
2. S ome customers wanted to know where that
book, the teacher explained.
pleasant smell came from.
The teacher explained that everyone
had to write an essay about the book. Algunos/as clientes/as queran saber de
dnde vena aquel agradable olor.
5. C
omplete the e-mail with the correct form of 3. I told Angie not to bother me because I was in a
the verbs in brackets. bad mood.
Le dije a Angie que no me molestara
porque yo estaba de mal humor.
4. M
um advised Dad to approach his boss about a
Jessica@gmail.com holiday.
Mam le aconsej a pap que abordase
Dear Jessica, a su jefe/a acerca de unas vacaciones.
5. T hey warned me not to walk alone at night in
I ran into Ben Smithson at the hospital today.
that city.
He looked pretty upset. He told me that he
1. was visiting (visit) his cousin, who had Me advirtieron que no caminara solo/a
de noche en aquella ciudad.
an infected cut on her foot. I asked him how that
2. had happened
(happen), and he explained
that a few days before, she 3. had stepped
Grammar Review
(step) on broken glass on the beach and 8. C
4. hadnt felt (not feel) it. I asked how of the verbs in brackets.
5.couldnt have felt
she (could / not feel) it. He
1. You should have let (should / let) Dave
explained that she was born with a rare genetic
drive your car last night, my father said.
disorder that made it impossible for her to feel pain.
meant 2. He complained that the research he
He also pointed out that it 6.
had been doing (do) for the past year was
(mean) that she didnt always know when she was
becoming boring.
injured or ill. I asked whether there
7. was (be) any cure for the disorder, 3. Jeffrey has been learning(learn) to sail since
and Ben said that researchers 8. were making June and is about to buy a boat.
(make) progress in understanding it, but that he 4. Katie called and said that they
also thought it 9. would be (be) quite a wouldnt begin (not begin) dinner until we
long time before a cure was found. got there. Its nice that theyre going to wait for
Ill keep you posted. us.
Annie 5. We had been sitting (sit) in the dark for an
hour by the time the electricity came back on.
35
reading Sensing Danger
After many earthquakes, there are reports of miraculous
1. S
can the text and find the following animal survival and of behaviour that, in hindsight, seemed
information: to predict the disaster.
1. the year the tsunami occurred 2004 For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which was
2. the number of countries affected over ten triggered by an enormous undersea earthquake, killed
3. places in danger of earthquakes Japan and more than 200,000 people in over ten countries. However,
California surprisingly few wild animals perished, because most
2. Read the text and choose the correct answer. managed to make it to safety. Soon after the tsunami,
stories circulated about weird animal behaviour that had
1. The elephant mentioned in the article ... .
a. made dogs nervous
been witnessed prior to it, including nocturnal bats flying
b. fled from the beach just after the tsunami in the daytime, dogs acting nervously and an elephant
c. was seen fleeing to the beach fleeing a beach. In Japan, California and other earthquake
d. left the beach moments before the tsunami regions, pet owners often claim that their pets become
extremely agitated prior to an earthquake.
2. S ome animals are very sensitive to subtle
environmental changes because ... . Can animals, in fact, predict impending natural disasters?
a. they see better than people Not really. It is more accurate to say that because of strong
b. of their strong electromagnetic senses senses, especially hearing and smell, some animals can
c. they dont hear or smell well detect very subtle changes in their environment better
d. some of their senses are more highly than people can. Some may also be alerted to danger
developed than peoples senses through an ability to detect electromagnetic changes in
the atmosphere.
In addition, many species are known to have
1. understanding something after it has occurred
sophisticated communication systems, which are also
(paragraph 1) hindsight
observed and reacted to by other species. When a monkey,
2. died (paragraph 2) perished for instance, sees a predator and expresses a danger signal
3. extremely nervous (paragraph 2) agitated to its social group, other animals will react to it. Many
4. areas (paragraph 5) zones researchers believe that it is reasonable to assume that
similar interactions exist when theres danger from natural
4. Answer the questions according to the text. disasters as well.
1. What was peculiar about the bats behaviour? However, despite animals apparent early warning
They were flying during the day. systems, many scientists doubt that studying them will
2. How do some pets behave before an improve our ability to predict earthquakes and tsunamis.
earthquake? But a few researchers, especially in China and Japan,
Theyre extremely agitated. disagree and regularly monitor animal behaviour
in earthquake zones. Theyre convinced that it will
3. What happens when a monkey alerts its group
eventually prove invaluable in improving our ability to
to danger?
predict earthquakes, and perhaps other natural disasters.
Other animals react to it.
In the meantime, it wouldnt hurt to keep an eye on your
4. Why are scientists in Japan and China studying dog or cat.
the behaviour of animals in earthquake regions?
They believe it will improve our ability
to predict earthquakes.
36
Unit 4
writing Your Task

Write a description of a school event.
Write 100-150 words.
1. A
dd a suitable adverb of degree and a suitable adverb Describe a school event
of frequency to each sentence below. Do not use the
same adverb more than once. 1. T
hink of a school event youd like to write
about. The following are some possibilities:
1. Ann, who is committed to being a vegetarian, eats meat.
Ann, who is completely committed to - a sports day

- a party
being a vegetarian, never eats meat.
- a celebration or event for a local, regional or
2. This shop isnt so busy, but today its crowded because
religious holiday
of the sale.
This shop isnt usually so busy, but today - a musical or theatrical performance

- a class visit to a museum or historical site
its very crowded because of the sale.
2. T
hink of aspects of the event that you can
2. R
ewrite the sentences by moving the adverb or describe. Consider things such as:
adverbial phrase. - atmosphere - weather
1. Ive only read the first chapter because Ive been busy. - sounds - audience
Because Ive been busy, Ive only read the - tastes - participants
first chapter.
2. I noticed the Eiffel Tower walking along the street.
3. T
hink of the opinion you would like to
Walking along the street, I noticed the express about the event. Use positive
Eiffel Tower.
3. You can almost buy anything online. and negative adjectives, and adverbs of
You can buy almost anything online. frequency and degree.

4. John nearly pays 800 a month for rent. 4. D
ecide which ideas to include in your essay.
John pays nearly 800 a month for rent. Organise your ideas. Use the model in

3. R
ead the essay below and circle adjectives that
describe what the writer sees, hears and smells. Then Plan
circle adverbs that modify verbs and adjectives. Opening: State what the event was and
when and where it took place.
Give a personal opinion.
Celebrating Musicals in New York Body: Describe the event in detail.
On a sunny Sunday afternoon last September, I was C
losing: Sum up the event and your
in Times Square, in New York City, for Broadway on opinion.
Broadway, a free outdoor event featuring songs and
dances from over 20 musicals. I usually dont enjoy 5. Write a first draft.
crowded events, but this one was really wonderful!
6. U
Thousands of people, laughing and talking, filled the Then write a final draft.
square. The festive atmosphere was enhanced by
mouth-watering aromas of hot dogs and roasted nuts Checklist
from nearby carts. Suddenly, there was a burst of loud I followed the plan for a description of an
music from the orchestra, and the show began. It was event.
an amazing two hours of dramatic singing and colourful I used a rich variety of adjectives and
costumes. Sometimes, the audience sang along they adverbs.
actually sounded pretty good. Enormous speakers and
video screens meant that nobody missed a thing. I checked my grammar, spelling and
punctuation.
During the last song, millions of small, colourful pieces
I used adverbs and adverbial phrases
of confetti floated down on the crowd, and we all caught correctly.
some in our hands. It was a magical ending!
This event is always held in September, so if youre ever
in New York then, dont miss it!
Vocabulary Grammar
1. Complete the sentences with the words 3. Complete the sentences in reported speech.
below.
1. Where have you been?
firm rhythm odour mood
My dad asked me where I had been .
pattern purchase
2. You should try the lasagne here.
1. The shop is giving a free watch with every
Emily suggested trying the lasagne there / .
purchase of over 20. that I try the lasagne there
2. Dont speak to Sally today. Shes in a bad 3. Dont let your dog eat chocolate.
mood . The vet warned us not to let our dog eat .
chocolate
3. She works for the largest law firm in 4. Youre interrupting me!
the city. Susan complained that I was interrupting her.
4. The pattern on these shirts resembles
flowers. 4. R
rhythm . brackets. Do not change the original meaning
5. The drummer in a band keeps the
of the sentences.
6. Cigarette smoke always leaves behind a strong
1. Have you booked your plane ticket? Diana
odour .
wanted to know. (whether)
Diana wanted to know whether I had
2. Match each sentence in I with a logical booked my plane ticket.
continuation in II. Pay attention to the 2. The meat should be cooked for at least an
underlined words. hour, Christine told me. (advised)
I Christine advised me to cook the meat
for at least an hour.
1. You dont have to whisper. 3. Im not going to sing in front of everyone,
2. Im sorry I was staring at you. Andrew told me. (refused)
3. Youll have to start over. Andrew refused to sing in front of
everyone.
4. Something stinks. 4. Eileen wont be here until later, Sam informed
5. You should take advantage of everything here. us. (told)
6. We started up the company a year ago. Sam told us that Eileen wouldnt be
there until later.
7. Dont be afraid to stroke him.
8. I was too nervous to approach him. Writing
II 5. C
8 a. But it was exciting to be in the same room adverb.
Possible Answers
as someone so famous. 1. Im almost certain that the train leaves at
4 b. The smell is making me ill. 2.00. Ive checked the timetable three times.
7 c. Hes a friendly cat. 2. He rarely goes abroad. I dont think hes
2 d. You look very familiar to me. been out of the country for at least three years.
6 e. So far, it hasnt been successful. 3. Im very angry with Laura. She read my
5 diary and told everyone about it.
f. Theres a lot to do in this city.
3 4. My mum often eats salad, but my dad
g. I forgot to push the record button.
doesnt like vegetables at all.
1 h. Nobody else can hear us.
38
Unit 4

Vocabulary Grammar
1. W
rite T (True) or F (False) for each sentence. 3. C
Correct the false sentences. of the verbs in brackets.
T 1. When something is accurate, its correct. 1. Researchers believe (believe) a cure
for deafness will be found (find) soon.
F 2. W hen a sound is deafening, it cant be heard. 2. For a few months, Ididnt understand(not
understand) why Gill wasnt responding to my
When a sound is deafening it can be
heard. e-mails. It turned out that I had been sending
T 3. When something is banned, its not allowed.
(send) e-mails to her old address.
3. Ever since they lowered their prices, their
F 4. When something goes in one ear and out sales have increased (increase). In
the other, someone is paying attention. fact, orders are no longer
When something goes in one ear and out being taken (take) for some of the laptops
the other, someone isnt paying attention. because they are sold out.
F 5. When something is controversial, it causes
no disagreement.
When something is controversial, it 4. R
causes much disagreement. brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences.
2. C
omplete the passage with suitable words and
1. It started raining yesterday morning and its still
phrases below.
raining. (since)
user-friendly available bright It has been raining since yesterday
overwhelmed devoted device morning.
portable faint fleet shortcut 2. How much did your phone cost? Jeff asked.
(Ron)
Vision restoration used to be a fantasy. But now, Jeff asked Ron how much his phone had
thanks to technological and medical advances, several
cost.
3. Everyone thinks that the plan is impractical.
research teams are 1. devoted to working on a (thought)
process that will make it a reality. This process involves The plan is thought to be impractical.
inserting electrodes into the eyes, and using glasses 4. We made a mistake by not bringing a bottle of
equipped with a miniature video camera and a small water. (should)
2. device called a video processor. Whatever the We should have brought a bottle of
camera sees is sent to the video processor. The video
water.
5. Ive been considering going to art college,
processor then transmits those signals to the electrodes, Debbie said. (mentioned)
which send them to the brain. This system is currently Debbie mentioned that she had been
being tested on nearly 40 patients in the USA, Mexico considering going to art college.
and Europe. Some of the people dont think
that the lightweight, 3. portable equipment is
Writing
Possible Answers
particularly 4.user-friendly, as it requires a lot of 5. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable word or
practice to use it properly. But nearly all of the phrase.
patients are already able to see things they couldnt see 1. You have to buy a new Travelcard because
before, like 5. bright lights or a 6. faint this one has expired.
outline of a person or object. Researchers are definitely 2. In order to get physically fit, John has started
encouraged by this and estimate that within 20 years, going to a gym.
various cures for blindness will be readily 7. available . 3. Hes totally involved in his new project, and
hasnt got time for anything else.
39
5
3. C
omplete the captions with the expressions
below.
fight back turn ... into get to
push ... around break up
1 Could you turn me

into a basketball star?
Families
Vocabulary 2 I decided to fight back this time!
1. T
he following sentences dont make sense.
Make them logical by replacing the words and
phrases in bold with the correct word or phrase
in bold from a different sentence.
y aunt is self-centred. Im so excited that shes
1. M
going to have a baby! pregnant
2. T
hank you for everything youve done for me.
Im very jealous. grateful 3 I dont have to do it! You cant push
3. My mums only nephew is her twin brother. me around !
sibling
es an only child, but hes been dating
4. H
someone for quite a while. single
he girl was pregnant because everyone was
5. T
paying attention to the baby. jealous
6. Im single. I dont have brothers or sisters.
an only child
4 When do I get to play?
oure grateful. Youre not interested in other
7. Y
people! self-centred
8. I love being an uncle. I spoil my sibling by buying
him a lot of toys. nephew
2. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
1. We cheered when we saw our good / bad marks.
usan is a widow. Her husband / brother was
2. S 5 I think Sally and Paul are
killed in a car crash. going to break up .
3. The decision / goal was made by the referee.
4. Lets take a break and go back to work / relax.
5. I like all my relatives. Im lucky to have such
a nice family / nice neighbours.
6. Spouses are invited to the party at my mums
office, so my dad / I will go with her.
40
Unit 5
4. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form 6. C
omplete the e-mail with the correct form of
of the words below. the words and phrases below.
marry frustrate lose prefer sense brother-in-law grow apart get along
interest construct manage niece cousin bond break up
1. T his maths problem is frustrating !
I cant work it out.
2. In some cultures, it is traditional for a Shelly@gmail.com
married woman to wear a gold
or silver ring. Hi Shelly,
3. T hats not a sensible thing to do! This was supposed to be a nice family holiday in the
In fact, I think its quite stupid. country, but things arent going well so far. My sister
4. I like both chocolate and vanilla ice cream. and her husband, my 1. brother-in-law Bob,
I dont have a preference . arent 2. getting along , and their arguments
5. Whats the name of the office manager ? are making everyone uncomfortable. They used to
have a strong 3. bond , but for some
6. My little brother loves to construct
reason, theyve 4. grown apart recently. I
towers with wooden building blocks.
dont think they want to 5. break up , but
7. Lost dogs often end up theyd better resolve their problems soon because
in shelters. their arguments are affecting their daughter. In fact,
es a very interesting man, and he tells
8. H this morning, my 6. niece told me that
fascinating stories about his past. she doesnt want to get married. Isnt that sad?
I hope that everything is calmer by Saturday for my
5. M
atch each sentence in I with a logical
great-grandfathers 80th birthday party. Some
continuation in II. Pay attention to the
underlined words.
7. cousins who are around my age are
coming too, so I hope itll be a fun day.
I
1. Ellen doesnt take after her mum. And by the way, how are my cats? I miss them and
Im so glad youre looking after them!
2. Steve and David were raised in small villages.
Love,
3. This has nothing to do with Sue or Emma.
Gill
4. They had to settle for a one-room flat.
5. They nodded in agreement.
6. They didnt flee the area.
7. C
omplete the sentences. Make them true
7. T hey found ancient pottery that had been for you.
buried thousands of years ago.
1. I would feel sad if I ever grew apart from
8. They smiled and faked it.
Accept all logical and grammatically .
correct answers.
II 2. People sometimes say I take after
3 a. They dont even know about it. .
4 b. They couldnt afford anything bigger. 3. One of my favourite relatives is
7 c. It was very deep in the ground. .
6 d. Instead, they stayed to help after the 4. I have inherited .
earthquake. 5. When someone tries to push me around, I
5 e. Thats how I knew they approved. .
2 f. When they were 18, they both left home. 6. When I take a break from studying, I like to
8 g. But I knew they werent having a good time. .
1 h. Theyre not at all alike. 7. Theres a strong bond between me and
.
41
Grammar
1. C
omplete the passage with the relative pronouns below.
where which that who when whose
More Than a Meal

Family meals, a time 1. when the whole
family gets together, are disappearing in many
homes. Between parents 2. who / that work long
hours and children 3. whose after-school
timetables are filled with homework, friends, sport
and other activities, its often difficult for everyone
to sit down together at the same time. However, some experts say the effort should be made. To begin with, a 1996
study found that family meals 4. that /which included lively conversation promoted language development in
young children. Furthermore, mealtimes can be a time for a family to bond through shared food and conversation.
This may partly explain the results of two studies 5.which / that were conducted in the USA in 2004 and involved
more than 5,000 young people between the ages of 11 and 18. Both studies found a connection between frequent family
meals and higher marks, as well as lower rates of depression, alcohol and drug abuse. In fact, in homes 6. where
two or fewer meals each week were eaten as a family, young people were nearly twice as likely to abuse drugs and
alcohol as their peers 7. who / that frequently ate with their families.
2. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable relative pronoun. Add commas where necessary. There may
be more than one correct answer. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun?
1. The play that/ which I saw last night was written by a teenager.
2. Arnold Schwarzenegger, who became famous as the star of the Terminator films ,
is the governor of California.
3. The week before exams is always a time when I spend hours in the library.
4. Im reading about Steve Jobs, who was one of the founders of Apple Computers.
5. Lets go to a nice place where we can have coffee and dessert.
6. Ellen, whose father is a TV reporter, is studying journalism at university.
7. The sunglasses which / I bought on sale are the best pair Ive ever had.
that
The relative pronoun can be omitted in sentences 1 and 7.
3. R
ewrite the sentences with the words in brackets. Do not change the original meaning of the
sentences.
1. This is Linda. You will be working with her. (who)
This is Linda, who you will be working with.
2. I took a message for my sister. She was in the shower. (who)
I took a message for my sister, who was in the shower.
3. He downloads the songs. He gets them free online. (that)
He downloads the songs that he gets for free online.
4. Im looking forward to next week. Well be on holiday then. (when)
Im looking forward to next week, when well be on holiday.
5. The company was established in 1995. It has been particularly successful since 2004. (which)
The company, which was established in 1995, has been particularly successful since 2004. /
The company, which has been particularly successful since 2004, was established in 1995.
42
Unit 5
4. C
ombine the sentences with defining or non- 6. Correct the errors.
defining relative clauses. Add commas where 1. T he band that it first sang this song was My
necessary. Leave out the relative pronoun
Chemical Romance.
where possible.
The band that first sang this song was
1. W
ere going to Chicago in December. It will be My Chemical Romance.
very cold then. 2. O
live oil is used in many countries, where it has
been produced for ages there.
Were going to Chicago in December,
Olive oil is used in many countries,
when it will be very cold. where it has been produced for ages.
3. Its hard to find a friend who you can rely on him.
2. S teve is always taking photographs. He wants to
Its hard to find a friend who you can
become a professional photographer one day. rely on.
Steve, who is always taking photographs, 4. Ottawa, in where I was born, is in Canada.
wants to become a professional photographer
one day. / Steve, who wants to become a Ottawa, where I was born, is in Canada.
professional photographer one day, is always
taking photographs. 5. A
id is being provided to families whose their
3. H
ere is the brochure about the holiday resort.
We might go to it. homes were destroyed in the flood.
Here is the brochure about the holiday Aid is being provided to families whose
homes were destroyed in the flood.
resort that / which we might go to. / Here
is the brochure about the holiday resort
where we might go. 7. Translate the sentences.
4. S ues father is Japanese. Sue visits Japan every
1. T he issue we are discussing has nothing to do
July.
with you.
Sue, whose father is Japanese, visits El asunto que estamos discutiendo / del
que estamos hablando no tiene nada que
Japan every July. ver contigo.
2. Y
ou must be grateful to the people who have
5. H
er car was a gift from her parents. It was
always supported you.
stolen. Debes estar agradecido/a a la gente que
Her car, which was a gift from her
siempre te ha apoyado.
parents, was stolen. / Her car, which was 3. M
y cousin Jane, who is an only child, has plenty
stolen, was a gift from her parents.
of self-confidence.
Mi prima Jane, que es hija nica, tiene
5. C
ombine the sentences using both the formal mucha confianza en s misma.
structure and the informal structure. Use 4. I overheard the conversation which my parents
correct punctuation. were having in the next room.
O por causalidad la conversacin
1. N
icole introduced me to the man. She had been que mis padres estaban teniendo en la
talking to him.
habitacin de al lado.
5. J immy, whose parents died in a car accident, was
formal: Nicole introduced me to the man raised by his relatives.
to whom she had been talking. Jimmy, cuyos padres murieron en un
accidente de coche, fue criado por sus
informal: Nicole introduced me to the man familiares.
who she had been talking to.
2. H
urricane Katrina was a natural disaster. I am Grammar Review
writing a report about it.
formal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural
disaster about which I am e took a break after we has been studying /
1. W
writing a report. had been studying / were studying for hours.
informal: Hurricane Katrina was a natural
disaster which I am writing a 2. S teve denied being / to be / to have been
report about. responsible for the error.
3. T he letter has just been delivered. I have been 3. Im so tired. I shouldnt have / couldnt have /
waiting for it. wouldnt have stayed up so late last night.
formal: The letter for which I have been
4. Im nervous about next week, when / that /
waiting has just been delivered. where I have three exams.
informal: The letter which I have been olin and Teri have been engaged /
5. C
waiting for has just been
delivered. were engaged / are engaged since April.
43
reading All i n th e Fam ily
When I think about how my life will be after I finish
1. R
ead the opening sentence in the text. school, I cant help thinking about how things might be
What can you infer from it? if I had a different family .
a. The writer has finished school. If my parents were small-business owners, I could aspire
b. The writer hasnt finished school. to be the son in one of those companies with names
like Smith & Sons. Wherever I go, Im noticing this
2. R
ead the rest of the text and choose the
on signs all over London. Ive even seen a Dudley
correct answer.
Singleton & Daughter, for an estate agents firm.
1. The New York Times ... .
a. is owned by Rupert Murdoch If my parents were media tycoons, I might have a
b. was owned by a different family a century realistic chance of running a newspaper or television
ago station. The respected newspaper The New York Times
c. is an important part of Murdochs company has been controlled by generations of the same family
d. has been run for over 100 years by one for more than a century. And some of the children of
family Rupert Murdoch founder and head of a worldwide
2. Joely Richardson ... . media company have held key positions in their
a. is Vanessa Redgraves granddaughter fathers businesses. Note to Mr Murdoch: if youd like
b. belongs to a well-known acting family in to adopt a teenager, Im available!
Britain If my parents were actors, Im sure I could be a famous
c. is part of a famous American acting family film star like many of the actors today. Ben Stillers
d. is Sir Michael Redgraves daughter parents were a comedy duo for years; Kate Hudsons
mother is actress Goldie Hawn; Michael Douglas father
3. F ind words or expressions in the text that is actor Kirk Douglas. Drew Barrymore comes from
mean the opposite of:
a long line of American actors, and Joely Richardson
1. unlikely, improbable (paragraph 3) realistic
is part of a distinguished British acting dynasty that
2. minor (paragraph 3) key includes her mum, Vanessa Redgrave, and grandfather,
3. achieved a goal (paragraph 5) fallen Sir Michael Redgrave. In these cases, talent seems to be
short
in the blood!
4. F ind words or phrases in the text that mean
If my parents were in the music business, I might be
the same as:
a singer like Enrique Iglesias, the son of world-famous
1. pair (paragraph 4) duo
singer Julio Iglesias. On the other hand, John Lennons
2. inherited, genetic (paragraph 4) in the blood sons, Julian and Sean, have released CDs, but have fallen
3. determination (paragraph 6) drive far short of the success of their Beatle father to whom
theyre inevitably compared.
5. Complete the sentences according to the text.
Obviously, family connections can help. But we
1. Dudley Singleton & Daughter is an example of
shouldnt ignore the fact that success requires drive,
a father and son / daughter small business
. ability, talent and, of course, some luck no matter who
2. Julian and Sean Lennon have not been as your family is.
successful as their father in the music .
business
44
Unit 5
writing Your Task

Write a narrative about a friend.
Write 100-150 words.
1. Choose two correct answers for each question. Writing A Narrative

1. As soon as / Eventually / As time went on, Alan and I
1. B
rainstorm the events in your narrative. Try
lost touch with each other. to include a problem or conflict.
2. Before / From the start / At first, I didnt like Elliot.
2. D
ecide whether or not the problem will be
e saw Mikes new flat while / when / during we were
3. W resolved. If so, how? If not, how will your
in London. story end?
iana had finished tidying up by the time / before /
4. D
3. O
until I got home.
5. Eventually / All of a sudden / Suddenly, a door
slammed somewhere in the house.
Plan
Opening: Describe the setting and introduce
2. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of the the main characters.
verbs in brackets. Make certain that the verbs agree Body: Relate the events in the story,
with the subject of the sentence. including a problem or conflict.
1. My favourite kind of novels is (be) mysteries. Closing: Tell how the story ends.
2. E ach of us needs (need) to buy different things, so
lets meet after we shop. 4. Write a first draft.
3. Usually, a small minority of survey respondents 5. U

give (give) dishonest answers. Then write a final draft.
4. Rice and beans taste (taste) good together.
Checklist
3. C
omplete the narrative with suitable expressions I followed the plan for a narrative.
of time and sequence. There may be more than one
I used a variety of expressions of time and
correct answer. sequence.
I used correct subject/verb agreement.
The Perfect Gift
Possible Answers I checked my grammar, spelling and
For as long as I can remember, my parents have given punctuation.
me disappointing birthday presents things like shirts,
jeans and trainers, instead of rollerblades and video
games.1. At first , when I was younger,
I complained, but it didnt do any good.
2. As time went on , I gave up, and my parents
bad choices of birthday gifts became a family joke.
Thats why last Monday morning, on my 17th birthday,
I had no expectations. 3. As soon as
I walked into the kitchen, my parents said, Happy
birthday! 4. All of a sudden , my mum handed
me a present. The size and shape of the box made me
think trainers. Thanks! Great! I said, faking more
enthusiasm than I felt. Try them on, my mum
suggested. 5. When I lifted up one shoe,
I noticed something inside it. It was an iPhone. I was
so shocked I couldnt speak. My dad said, I think we
6. finally got you something you want!

Vocabulary Grammar
1. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to 4. C
omplete the passage with a suitable relative
the underlined words. pronoun.
1. I was raised in Montreal, Canada. I lived there
amily holidays, those times 1.
F when teens and
until I was two / twenty.
parents spend long hours together, can be difficult.
2. W
e dont usually get along, but last night we whose
I speak from experience, as a teen 2.
had a good time together / an argument.
parents insist on a two-week trip every year, preferably
3. J ane settled for 5 per hour, which was exactly / one 3.that / which keeps us all very close to each
less than what shed asked for.
other. Weve even been to isolated beach resorts
4. S ylvia takes after her grandmother in many ways. 4. where weve spent the entire holiday. Im not
For example, theyre both artists / opposed to family holidays, 5. which have some
Sylvia brings her groceries every week. who
benefits including parents 6. pay for
e inherited this watch from his boss /
5. H everything! I love my parents, but theyre not people
grandfather. with 7. whom I want to spend 24 hours a day.
6. She nodded and said, Youre right / wrong. Theyve finally accepted that fact, 8. which hurt
their feelings, but it had an effect. For the first time,
2. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form were planning our holiday together. Were making
of the words and phrases below.
sure to include plenty of free time 9. that / which we
cheer push ... around flee
can each spend separately.
grow apart take a break turn ... into
1. I missed American Idol last night. Which singer
5. C
ombine the sentences with the words in
did the audience cheer for the most? brackets.
2. W
ed been rehearsing for four hours before we 1. J anine didnt change her opinion on the matter.
finallytook a break. We had argued with her for an hour. (whom)
3. Ned is a bully, and he pushes people Janine,with whom we had argued for an hour,
around . didnt change her opinion on the matter.
2. Im looking forward to June. Ill be finished with
4. They bought a large house and turned it school then. (when)
into a bed-and-breakfast hotel.
Im looking forward to June, when Ill
5. L uckily, they were able to flee from the be finished with school.
3. S teven lives in Fulton Street. My favourite
fire and werent hurt.
restaurant is also there. (where)
6. Were such good friends. I hope we never
Steven lives in Fulton Street, where my
grow apart . favourite restaurant is.
3. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form Writing
of the words in brackets.
1. Sharon is studying timemanagement(manage). 6. C
interesting (interest) series. connector or time expression.
2. Its an
1. At first , Michelle didnt speak French
3. The airline passengers were frustrated
well, but eventually / , she became fluent.
(frustrate) by the long delay. as time went on
prefer 2. I had just fallen asleep when the phone
4. W
ould you (prefer) a table inside
suddenly rang. However, by the time
or on the patio?
I managed to answer it, the caller had hung up.
5. M
y grandparents are a happily married
(marry) couple.
46
Unit 5

Vocabulary Grammar
1. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form of 3. R
the words in brackets. brackets. Do not change the original meaning
of the sentences.
1. T hats the first sensible (sense) idea youve
had all weekend! 1.
Im not going to watch the DVD because Ive
2. M
y parents rarely give each other expensive already seen the film twice, explained Cara. (that)
(expense) gifts. Cara explained that she wasnt
going to watch the DVD because she
3. Shes themanager (manage) of a small shop. had already seen the film twice.
4. We watched in amazement (amaze) as the 2. Its possible that James flight was delayed by bad
athlete broke the world record. weather. (might)
5. Are you interested (interest) in old coins? James flight might have been delayed
6. We always receive marvellous (marvel) service at by bad weather.
this restaurant. 3. I cant wait until this weekend. Im going to a U2
concert. (when)
2. Complete
the passage with suitable words or I cant wait until this weekend, when
expressions below.
Im going to a U2 concert.
pressing emerge greenhouse effect
break up trend inhabit harmful 4. T heyre not designing a new website for our
marriage see eye to eye remain school until next year. (designed)
get to launch A new website for our school wont be
designed until next year.
nce a year, people in Britain 1.
O get to learn
5. The doctor examined Marks eyes yesterday. (had)
what their fellow citizens think about a wide range of
subjects from politics to environmental concerns, such Mark had his eyes examined by the
as the 2. greenhouse thanks to the British Social doctor yesterday.
effect
Attitudes Report. Since the first survey, which was done 6. I regret buying this very expensive watch. (bought)
more than 25 years ago, new attitudes have started to I shouldnt have bought this very
3. emerge about family-related subjects, such expensive watch.
as 4. marriage and children. For example, there
is a strong acceptance of the growing 5. trend
of non-traditional family units. In fact, 66% of people Writing
surveyed in 2006 said that they considered legal
4. Correct the sentences.
marriage and living together as virtually the same thing.
1. I enjoy swimming, cooking and to play computer
And 90% of respondents in that same survey appear
pressing games.
to 6. see eye to eye on the 7.
I enjoy swimming, cooking and playing
need for a law that applies to unmarried couples who computer games.
8. break up . This law would mean that they 2. I wasnt pleased with my mark in the exam, I
must share the same financial obligations as married didnt fail.
I wasnt pleased with my mark in the
couples who divorce. Despite these more liberal exam, although I didnt fail.
attitudes about family, it seems that one thing continues 3. Marta almost speaks perfect English.
to 9. remain the same since the surveys first Marta speaks almost perfect English.
year: more women than men do household chores such as 4. Each of the restaurants were expensive.
laundry and cleaning. Each of the restaurants was expensive.

47
6
Across
3. This shirt is too large, so Id like to it for a
smaller size.
4. We dont swimsuits at this time of year, but
the sports shop has them all year round.
5. What of shampoo do you use?
6. Theres a huge on gym memberships this
A Good Buy
month. We can save 40%!
8. If you want to return an item, you must have
your .
9. Im sorry you werent satisfied with the product,
sir. Ill be happy to give you a full .
Vocabulary Down
1. Is rental of the scuba-diving included in the
price of the lessons?
1. C
omplete the dialogues with the correct form
of the words and phrases below. 2. These shoes are a real at only 20.
snap up get rid of afford nag 6. Michelle has a large amount of credit-card .
stuff merchandise make excuses 7. I on dessert and ate a huge piece of
on sale overpriced pay the bills
chocolate cake.
make an effort belongings
1 2
Mark: I had no idea that this shop was so expensive! g b
I cant 1. afford anything, not even the 3
e x c h a n g e
things that are 2. on sale . a r
Rose: Youre right. Everythings terribly 4
c a r r y g
3. overpriced , but it doesnt seem to matter 5
b r a n d
to all of these customers who are
4. snapping up the shops i
6 7
5. merchandise , especially the sweaters. d i s c o u n t
Mark: I wonder if theyll regret buying them when e p
they have to 6. pay the bills at the end of the b l
month. t u
8
s r e c e i p t
g
Mum: I want you to tidy up your room today! Im 9
r e f u n d
tired of seeing so many of your 7. belongings
d
on the floor and piled on your chair.
Lucy: I know! You keep 8. nagging me
about it! But I dont have anywhere else to put some
of that 9. stuff !
Mum: Stop trying to 10. make excuses .
Im sure youve got things you dont wear or use any
more. I suggest that you 11. make an effort to look
through your things and see what youre willing to
12. get rid of . We can donate it to the
charity shop, and then youll have plenty of space.
Lucy: But, Mum!
48
Unit 6
3. C
omplete the sentences with the correct form 5. C
omplete the online consumer column with the
of do, make or pay. correct form of the words and phrases below.
1. Ill speak with Edna about the problem, but that stock up on shop around afford
might do more harm than good. outlet price tag come to merchandise
make go out of business
2. It took Joe quite a while to friends
at his new school.
3. We paid a fortune for the concert tickets,
Cyndi
Shopping with
but they were worth it.
4. They were in the neighbourhood, so they
For consumers who want
paid us a visit.
designer brands at prices they can
5. We order our groceries online now, so we dont 1. afford , the best
have to go out to do the shopping. outlets
places to go are 2. .
6. Many of my friends now do their best 3. Merchandise ends up there for
to eat locally-grown food. various reasons. Some items may have small
7. His parents have refused to help him pay flaws, such as a missing button; others may
his debts. be from a previous season, or left over odd
sizes and colours; others come from small
4. C
hoose the correct answer. Pay attention to the clothing companies that have failed and
underlined words. 4. gone out of . To fully appreciate the
1. We had a huge bonfire on the beach / business
bargains youre likely to get in an outlet,
in our flat yesterday. 5. shop around and take a look at the
2. My neighbours a doctor, whose pastime is price tags
6.
on things in trendy boutiques.
working in a hospital / painting landscapes.
Then, make your way to the nearest outlet and
3. Due to our culture of consumerism, many of us 7. stock up on clothing. Youll be
eat / spend more than we should.
pleasantly surprised at how little the final bill
4. Some small shopkeepers lost customers when 8. comes to .
the new supermarket / cinema opened.
5. One of the benefits of living here is
being able to enjoy this incredible view /
having no view. 1. The gadget I couldnt do without is
Accept all logical and grammatically .
6. Ive got too many gadgets. For instance, I dont correct answers.
need three MP3 players / frying pans. 2. My favourite pastime is
.
7. The company recently improved the
exercise equipment / working conditions in 3. The most recent bargain I got was
this sweatshop. .
8. We were teasing Sam, but he thought we were 4. My parents sometimes nag me
joking / serious. .
9. Every day, thousands of commuters / 5. The last time I did someone a favour
free newspapers are given out during rush hour .
in cities all over Europe. 6. When someone pays me a compliment, I feel
10. It took a long time to pick out a pair of .
earrings for Laura, but I eventually 7. I once exchanged
found the perfect gift for her / .
helped her get them out of her ears. 8. When I want to treat myself to something, I
splurge on
.
9. One of the benefits of living where I do is
.
49
Grammar 3. C
omplete the thought bubbles with a logical
continuation.
Possible Answers
1
1. C
1. If Dave had smiled (smile), this would
have been a better photo of all of us.
2. It would be more pleasant to shop here if the
sales assistants were (be) a bit
nicer. I wish I I had taken the bus .
3. If you arrange the furniture differently, the
room will look (look) bigger. 2
4. Ron cant exchange the DVD unless he
has (have) the receipt.
5. I wouldnt have been able to afford this coat if
it hadnt been (not be) on sale.
6. Call me when you arrive (arrive)
at the station.
7. You
shouldnt/ (not buy) the shoes if If only I had studied .
mustnt buy
they arent comfortable.
8. Lets call Lesley. If she is (be) 3
at home now, we can pay her a visit.
9. I would have been angry if I
hadnt received (not receive) a full refund.
10. Mary wont be able to come to the party unless
someone gives (give) her a lift.
2. C
omplete the sentences. Do not change the I wish we had arrived earlier .
original meanings. There may be more than
one correct answer.
4
1. Jody hated the film, so she walked out in the
middle.
If Jody hadnt hated the film, she
wouldnt have walked out in the middle .
2. You cant use the pool without being a hotel
guest.
Unless youre a hotel guest, you cant use
I wish I had bought petrol .
the pool .
3. I think you should buy those sunglasses.
were you, Id buy those sunglasses 5
If I
.
4. Because I know everyone here, Im not too
nervous about speaking to the group.
If I didntknow everyone here, Id be
nervous about speaking to the group .
I wish they would turn it down .
50
Unit 6
4. C
omplete the passage with the correct form 6 . Correct the errors.
1. She wont buy that T-shirt unless they gave her a
Buy While You Fly discount.
She wont buy that T-shirt unless they give
If you 1. could buy (buy) Internet her a discount.
access or train tickets during a flight to New 2. If it hadnt snowed last night, the roads would
York or London,2. would you havent been slippery.
choose (choose) to do so? Passengers
If it hadnt snowed last night, the roads
wouldnt have been slippery.
on some flights are already being offered this kind 3. We wish we would go to the sale tomorrow.
of on-board retail service, and as soon as some We wish we could go to the sale tomorrow.
minor technological problems with in-flight sales 4. As soon as Sam will arrive, well go out
3. are solved (solve), theatre and theme for dinner.
As soon as Sam arrives, well go out for
4. may be offered
park tickets (may offer)
as well. If this 5. turns out (turn out)
dinner.
5. If only we knew the truth yesterday.
to be a profitable experiment, theres little doubt If only we had known the truth yesterday.
that the trend will spread. Passengers interviewed
recently at Londons Heathrow Airport expressed 7. Translate the following sentences.
varying opinions on the subject. Patricia Lowry, who
1. Please let me know as soon as you make
frequently visits her boyfriend in New York, said,
a decision.
I wish there 6. were (be) Internet
Por favor, hzmelo saber / avsame tan
access on all flights. I 7. would pronto como tomes una decisin.
definitely use (use) it, even if I had 2. If I were you, I would pay back all my debts.
to pay a few pounds for it. Robert Jones, a software Si yo estuviera en tu lugar / Yo, en tu
lugar, pagara todas mis deudas.
designer, said, I 8. would hate (hate) it if 3. I wish I hadnt forgotten my belongings
I 9. had (have) to read and respond at the airport.
to work-related e-mails while flying. However, I Ojal no hubiera olvidado mis
10. wouldnt mind
(not mind) being able to buy pertenencias en el aeropuerto.
4. We wouldnt have stocked up on olive oil
a Travelcard for the Underground on board. Whats
if there hadnt been a sale.
your opinion? Is there something you wish you No habramos comprado tanto aceite de

11. had bought / (buy) on your last flight? oliva si no hubiera habido una oferta.
could have bought 5. If only we could get rid of all these old boxes.
Ojal / Si al menos pudiramos
5. R
ewrite the sentences with the words in deshacernos de todas estas cajas viejas.
of the sentences.
1. I didnt bring my wallet, so I cant buy this. (if)
If I had brought my wallet, I could/would have Grammar Review
bought this. / I could/would have bought this if
I had brought my wallet. 8. Choose the correct answer.
2. Its too bad I dont drive. (wish)
I wish I could drive. 1. My brother, who / whom / that none of you
have met, is finally coming to visit!
3. We arent going to the beach today because its
raining. (if) 2. They had worked / had been working /
If it werent raining, we would go to the worked for hours before they finally took a
beach. / We would go to the beach if it
werent raining. break.
4. I hate being so short! (wish)
3. Jessica suggested that we went / going /
I wish I werent so short.
to go to the beach.
5. I regret not studying for the exam. (if only) 4. My muscles hurt! I wish I didnt work out /
If only I had studied for the exam. wouldnt have worked out /
6. I wont be able to concentrate if Gwen doesnt hadnt worked out so much yesterday.
turn down the music. (unless) 5. I cant understand Jim unless he speaks /
Unless Gwen turns down the music, I wont
be
able to concentrate. / I wont be able to will speak / would speak slowly.
concentrate unless Gwen turns down the music.
51
reading WHAT ARE THEY REALLY
SELLING YOU?
1. R
ead the text and decide who or what the There seems to be no escape from advertising.
words in bold refer to. Were exposed to it through hoardings, on public
1. it (paragraph 1) advertising transport, in newspapers, magazines, in the
adverts cinema, on television and radio, online, and even
2. them (paragraph 2)
using sex appeal for on some mobile phones. Although the aim of
3. that (paragraph 3) advertising luxury / designer
brands advertising is to sell a product, the message is
4. them (paragraph 3) consumers rarely as simple as, Buy This! Instead, adverts
are usually designed to subtly influence a
2. F ind words in the text that mean the consumer by selling something beyond the
opposite of: product, such as an attitude, a personality, a
1. in an obvious way (paragraph 1) subtly lifestyle or a feeling of belonging.
2. easy to forget (paragraph 2) memorable Think about adverts youve seen recently. Most
3. in the same way (paragraph 2) conversely likely, many of them involve humour or sex
appeal two popular approaches. Surprisingly,
3. C
hoose the correct answer according some advertising professionals say that humour
to the text. can be more effective than sex appeal, which is
1. Mobile phones are mentioned because ... . perhaps why its estimated to have a role in nearly
a. theyre simple to advertise a third of adverts. Apparently, humour quickly
b. of the way theyre advertised captures our attention and makes the product
c. adverts are sent to some of them memorable. Conversely, adverts that rely on sex
d. they all advertise products appeal with, for instance, provocative photos of
2. Humorous advertisements ... . good-looking men or women often focus
a. are less effective than adverts with sex peoples attention on the models rather than on the
appeal product or brand name.
b. account for approximately one-third of However, for luxury or designer brands, that is not
adverts necessarily a disadvantage. In adverts for high-end
c. dont succeed in helping people products like expensive cars and clothing, sex
remember a product appeal is often paired with snob appeal. These
d. are the third most successful type types of adverts treat the brand as already so
well-known, respected and desired, that its
4. A
nswer the questions according to unnecessary to try to sell it to the targeted
information in the text. consumers. All thats necessary is to remind them
1. Why is sex appeal not always successful of the privileged lifestyle that the brand
in an advert? represents.
Because it focuses peoples attention
on the models rather than on the Among the other advertising approaches used
product or brand name. are celebrity spokespeople (George Clooney
2. What is the message in some selling coffee machines), self-improvement (a
adverts for luxury brands? favourite in cosmetics adverts), nostalgia (often
To remind consumers of the used for everyday, unexciting products, such as

privileged lifestyle that the breakfast cereals), and crowd appeal (often used

brand represents. to sell gadgets, by implying that everyone is
3. What is breakfast cereal buying and talking about them).
an example of?
It is an example of a The next time an advertisement touches your
product that sometimes uses emotions, makes you feel envious, or tempts you
nostalgia as an advertising to buy a product, stop for a moment and analyse
approach. why!
52
Unit 6
writing Your Task

Summarise the text on page 52. Write 50-70
words.
Read the text and summary below. Underline the two writing a Summary
unnecessary sentences in the summary.
1. R
ead the original text carefully and decide
which facts to include. Choose only the
main ideas, leaving out less important
Faces, Faces, Everywhere
details, as well as examples.
Since 1916, Planters Peanuts, a popular
American product, has featured a character 2. W
rite this information in one paragraph.
called Mr Peanut on its product labels and Paraphrase rather than copy the
in adverts. For more than a century, information. Shorten sentences or combine
them in order to be more concise.
advertisements for Tio Pepe have featured
a bottle of the product wearing clothes, our first attempt will probably be too long.
3. Y
Look it over carefully in order to find:
and those for Michelin, the French tyre, map
a. points you can delete while still
and guidebook company, have used the
preserving the main idea.
Michelin Man who looks as if hes made of tyres.
b. places where you can make your
What these, and countless other examples, have in language more concise.
common is that they all present a product with distinctly
human characteristics. And that, according to some recent 4. A
reader of your summary should be able
studies, may be part of the reason for their success. to get the main idea of what the article is
about. See whether this is true about your
One study by researchers from the University of summary. If not, have you included enough
Toronto and the University of Chicago found that people information? You may have to omit a minor
respond most positively to packaging or products which point and add a more important point.
look human. The tendency to see a face in an object
is particularly pronounced when it comes to cars. In 5. M
ake sure the sentences in your paragraph
follow each other smoothly and make a
a recent study, nearly one-third of the participants logical whole.
perceived the fronts of cars as faces, and even saw them
as having happy, serious or aggressive expressions. Checklist
As for why we see human forms and faces in objects and I followed the steps for a summary.
give them human traits, some researchers think the reason
is that this evolved as an important survival skill during I included only the main ideas.
human development. This caused the brain to eventually I paraphrased rather than copied.
become biologically programmed to see faces everywhere.
My summary forms a logical whole.
Summary:
I simplified my sentences where possible.
Both the Michelin Man and a Tio Pepe bottle, dressed
like a person, have been used in the companies adverts I checked my grammar, spelling and
for over 100 years. Recent research has shown punctuation.
that people react most favourably to products
that resemble a person. The study on how people
perceived cars was done by researchers from two
universities. The tendency to see faces in objects
may have developed biologically because being
able to recognise and understand facial
expressions was crucial for survival as man
developed.

Vocabulary Grammar
1. C
omplete the blog with the words and 3. C
phrases below. of the verbs in brackets.
consumerism pastime overpriced 1. If I dont have (not have) enough cash
make an effort afford doing their best for the film tonight, will you
brands pay their bills lend (lend) me some?
Which country do you think has the most 2. I wish I lived (live) in a big city.
fashion-conscious teens: the United States, Canada, Living in the country is boring.
Australia, Brazil or Britain? According to a recent 3. Jenny will be (be) tired when she
survey, the answer is Britain, where teens favourite arrives (arrive) tomorrow morning.
1. pastime seems to be shopping for clothes. In 4. I wish I hadnt sold (not sell) my
response to the surveys question of what they would motorcycle for so little money. If only I
continue to buy even if they couldnt 2. afford had waited (wait) for a better offer!
it, British teens, more than teens in other countries,
chose new clothes. And they are 3. doing their to 4. R
ewrite the sentences with the words in
best brackets. Do not change the original meaning
prove that they mean it. Estimates are that British teens
of the sentences. There may be more than one
spent over 130 million a week during the summer of correct answer.
2009 and a good portion of that was on clothing and
1. Its a pity you cant come to the bonfire! (if only)
fashion accessories. Furthermore, other reports have
If only you could come to the bonfire!
shown that 4. brands are important to British
2. Its too bad I didnt take more photos of the
teens, as is being the first to buy the latest styles, even
street markets. (I wish)
if these fashion items are 5. overpriced . Some teens
6. pay their I wish I had taken more photos of the
with earnings from part-time jobs, but street markets.
bills 3. You wont be able to live within your budget if
in most cases, parents end up paying as well. Perhaps
thats why our kids never 7. make an to spend you dont become more price conscious. (unless)
effort Youwont be able to live within your budget
less! I think its time that we stopped supporting our
unless you become more price conscious.
childrens dedication to 8.consumerism ! 4. I didnt meet my friends last night because I was
too tired to go out. (if)
2. Choose the correct answer. If I hadnt been too tired to go out,
1. The groceries were expensive this week. They I would have met my friends last night.
snapped up / came to / carried 85!
2. Some people stock up on / splurge on / Writing
exchange bottled water for an emergency.
3. Suzannes bought a lot of sports debts / gear / 5. P
araphrase the sentence below. Use the
words provided, and make any necessary
belongings over the years.
changes.
4. Everything in the shop was on sale /
Shopaholism, a growing problem around the world,
out of bounds / going out of business,
affects mainly women, approximately ten per cent
so I spent less than I thought I would.
of whom are currently estimated to suffer from the
5. My brother is sometimes nagged / picked out / condition.
teased because hes not good at football.
shopaholism on the rise affecting
6. Some theatres give out / shop around / approximately ten per cent of women globally
get rid of coupons for cheap seats. Shopaholism is on the rise, affecting
approximately ten per cent of women
globally.
54
Unit 6

Vocabulary Grammar
1. C
omplete the e-mail with the correct form of 3. C
omplete the passage with the correct form of
the verbs below. Some verbs are used more the verbs in brackets.
than once.
Imagine one day a year where nobody 1. buys
catch make pay do forward
(buy) anything. Well, thats the aim of Buy Nothing Day,
charge take go
which 2. was created(create) in 1991 by the artist
Hi Anne, Ted Dave. Dave 3. thought (think) of the idea
I remembered to 1. charge my laptop, so I could when he 4. realised (realise) the amount of money
take it with me to Rosies Caf, where Im sitting now. he 5. had spent (spend) that year on stuff like cups
Im finally going to 2. make an effort to start of coffee and desserts. That 6. started (start)
writing my book report. I guess Im 3. paying the him thinking about consumerism, and he eventually
price for putting it off for so long. 7. promoted
(promote) the idea of Buy Nothing Day.
Youre so lucky to be in New York! It was so nice of Since it was first launched, Buy Nothing Day
your mum to 4. take you by surprise and offer 8.has become (become) a global holiday, with
you the chance to 5. go abroad with her on participants and a wide range of activities in numerous
her business trip. countries. If you want to participate in the next Buy
Are you 6. taking a million photos? And have Nothing Day, you 9. can/should (look it up) online to
look it up
you 7. caught sight of any good-looking guys? get details of how it 10. is (celebrate) in your
Ill 8. do my best to get by without you for area. celebrated
the next four days. LOL. Have fun!
4. C
omplete the sentences. Do not change the
Susie
original meaning of the sentences.
PS Im 9. forwarding an attachment that I think will
1. If I dont have to work late, Ill meet you at six.
make you laugh!
have
Unless I to work late, Ill meet you
2. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable word at six .
or phrase below. 2. Ive been hoping you would call tonight!
make mistakes outrageous deafening James told me that he
had been hoping that
engaged set off approach whisper
I would call him that night .
out of bounds mouth-watering fence
stare turn out available carry tasty 3. Theres Lady Gaga! Ive been waiting to see her.
nothing to do with start over fiance who
Theres Lady Gaga, Ive been waiting
1. Theres a fence around this area because to see .
its out of to the public.
bounds
2. So far, Jeff and his fiance havent told
anyone that theyre engaged .
Writing
3. The bands rehearsal was terrible tonight.
The singer kept making , so we had to 5. C
omplete the sentences with a suitable word
mistakes
constantly start over . or phrase.
4. Most bookshops dont carry her novels, 1. My favourite types of books are science
but theyre available online. fiction and fantasy novels.
mouth- aroma, but it
5. The soup had a watering 2. Im buying two pairs of shoes because
wasnt very tasty . theyre on sale!
3. Neither Gwen nor her sister eats meat.
Theyre both vegetarians.
55

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Grammar Review

Present Simple and Present Past Simple and Past Continuous

weigh (weigh)? Dear Rob,

Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Simple and

A bodyguard is a person who protects breath blind for granted eye

Reporter: Congratulations on your Best Actress award! How 1. did

writing Your Task

3. Complete the for and against essay with the 3. D

See Writing Guide, Students Book page 140 13

week. Hugh Jackman! He 2. took everyone when 6. C

Progress Check Unit 1

Vocabulary 5. Many scientists are now making their way

3 1. I had driven halfway to your house when

5. Match I to II to form sentences. a. Theyre more dangerous.

Some people 1. have to laugh / must laugh /

4. Find words in the text that mean:

2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures.

Progress Check Units 1-2

away. 1. Dave likes to watch TV and

1 You cant continue to crawl .

1. Match I to II to form sentences.

4. A burglar stole / delivered ten laptops yesterday.

writing Your Task

See Writing Guide, Students Book page 142 29

Progress Check Units 1-3

Sense It 3. Instructions must be

Vocabulary 6. The bakery is full of mouth-watering cakes

1. stay in the same place 2. This song / book has no rhythm.

5. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.

Umami The Fifth Taste

8. Complete the sentences. Make them true for you.

2. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

writing Your Task

Progress Check Units 1-4

1 Could you turn me

More Than a Meal

writing Your Task

1. Choose two correct answers for each question. Writing A Narrative

3. Usually, a small minority of survey respondents 5. U

See Writing Guide, Students Book page 144 45

Progress Check Units 1-5

I wish they would turn it down .

writing Your Task

See Writing Guide, Students Book page 145 53

Progress Check Units 1-6

Anda mungkin juga menyukai

3. Complete the for and against essay with the 3. D

5. Match I to II to form sentences. a. Theyre more dangerous.

2. Rewrite the sentences using parallel structures.

1. Match I to II to form sentences.

5. Complete the passage with the words and phrases below.

2. Complete the sentences in reported speech.

1. Choose two correct answers for each question. Writing A Narrative

3. Usually, a small minority of survey respondents 5. U