COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY

ANAND 388 110 GUJARAT INDIA

Assignment
on
"Problem Identification: Web
Based Statistical tool for Diallel
Analysis"
by
Abhishek Chawda (06-0128-2013)

Under Guidance of :
Dr. R.S. Parmar

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 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
ANAND 388 110 GUJARAT INDIA

Contents
Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 2
Problem Identification ............................................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined.
Why it is important to solve these problem? .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
Is the solution of these problems complex? ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.
What are the likely solution(s) of these problems? ................................................................................ 4
Study of Internal Environment................................................................................................................ 4
Study of External Environment ............................................................................................................... 4
Problem of :...................................................................................................................................... 4-5
Reliability..................................................................................................................................... 4
Validity ........................................................................................................................................ 5
Accuracy ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Economy...................................................................................................................................... 5
Timeliness ................................................................................................................................... 5
Capacity ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Throughput ................................................................................................................................. 5
Comparison of existing system with propsed system ........................................................................ 6
Advantages of Problem Identification in SDLC .................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
References .............................................................................................................................................. 7

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 COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
ANAND AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY
ANAND 388 110 GUJARAT INDIA

1. Introduction
The choice of any of the several alternative breeding procedures to be adopted
for amelioration of a crop, primarily depends upon the nature and magnitude of
gene actions involved in the expression of different characters and mating
flexibility. A number of sophisticated biometrical tools for estimation of genetic
parameters have been developed in recent years. The different procedures when
applied to same crop variety often give a different picture of genetic makeup.
Such discrepancy can primarily be assigned to the method of computation
applied in estimating these parameters and the extent to which the assumptions
involved in each method are fulfilled. Therefore, a study of the comparative
efficiency of some of the biometrical procedures can be of great value in
assessing the true picture of the genetic makeup of a particular crop.
A diallel is a mating system that involves all possible crosses among a group of
parents. This genetic design is used to study the polygenic systems that
determine quantitative traits. Such an analysis provide information on :
1. the nature and amount of genetic parameters
2. General and specific combining ability of parents and their
crosses respectively.
The two main approaches being followed for diallel analysis are :
Haymans approach
Griffings approach
This system is being proposed for Agricultural Statistics Department of A.A.U.
For the analysis of diallel, observations are entered into excel sheet or same
spreadsheet like tool and then analysis is done manually or using current
FORTRAN software.
Main work to be done is the Analysis of variance, calculation of specific
combining ability (sca), general combining ability (gca), heterosis etc.
The GCA is a measure of the additive genic (gene) action, while the SCA is
assumed to be a deviation from additivity. Crossing a line to several others
provides the mean performance of the line in all its crosses. This mean
performance, when expressed as a deviation from the mean of all crosses, is
called the general combining ability of the line. Any particular cross, then, has
an expected value which is the sum of the general combining abilities of its two
parental lines. The cross may, however, deviate from this expected value to a
greater or lesser extent. This deviation is called the specific combining ability
of the two lines in combination. In statistical terms, the general combining
abilities are main effects and the specific combining ability is an interaction.

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 B.Tech. (AIT) Assignment EXPL 412

2. Problem Identification
i. Problem 1:
a. Problem: Currently the procedures for this analysis after the
observations are being done manually. Also doing statistical task
manually is very tedious and time consuming job that need high
concentration and experience. Now doing calculations and chanting
statistical formulas manually always results in less precision which
is main problem.
b. Cause:
i. Lack of experience and human error.
ii. Improper analysis of data.
ii. Problem 2:
a. Problem: The Agricultural Statistics Department is using a FORTRAN
program for doing this analysis. But then too this program has some no.
of limitations which again is a barrier in doing the analysis. Also the scope
of analysis is limited using this problem
b. Cause:
i. This FORTRAN program has command based interface
which is quite underdog now a days.
ii. This program can take maximum upto four factor into
account for analysis whereas the need is dynamic and can
extend beyond four factor.

3. Why it is important to solve these problem(s)?

The progress in the plant breeding program of a certain crop
characters depends on the variability in population ad the extent to
which the desirable characters are heritable in this respect. However,
the knowledge of the genetic architecture of yield and other
characters helps to formulate a meaningful breeding strategy for
developing improved genotypes.
Thus solving these problem would help us in giving a completely
analysed conclusion for formulating above plans.

4. Is the solution of these problems complex?

Statistical analysis =
While performing diallel analysis programmatically needs heavy computing.
Everything must be dynamic i.e. there should be no restrictions on no. of
replication, parents and factors etc. There are no. of steps which a programmer
might feel challenging which includes:
i. The input for analysis has to be taken in either of these two means :
1. Entering data manually

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 B.Tech. (AIT) Assignment EXPL 412

2. Reading .csv or .xlsx file

ii. ANOVA table for genotype and replications (RBD) has to be created
first.
iii. Calculation of gca (general combining ability) and sca (specific
combining ability) is also a backbreaking task.

5. Likely solution(s) of these problem?

A solution should fir all aspects of problem solving. Firstly it should work in all
conditions (physically or technically). It should be economically, technically,
operationally and behaviourally feasible. Some suggested solutions to these
problems are:
i. A system which decreases manual overload with high precision.
ii. A system whose scope could be dynamic which user friendly
functionality giving output very precisely and in a well organise manner
which could help in exercising further plans effectively.
6. Study of Internal Environment
Single alone system with user friendly GUI. So management of inner staff
which includes training, illustrations is easy without hectic.
This system is primarily intended for Agri. Statistics department so involvement
of other department is no issue. Rest if extension of this system occurs in further
future, it would result in no or less dispute as it is currently computing runtime
and as a single alone system.

7. Study of External Environment

Customer/User: University Professor or student.
External auditors
Single alone system so no server requirement or third party requirement.

8. Problem of:
a. Reliability
In developing any system there is a problem of reliability. The developed
system must be reliable. The system should produce correct output so that
the people using that system should rely on it. Suppose the user totally rely
on system expecting the accurate output but the system produce wrong
results then in that case it will create problem. So the system must produce
correct output.
Existing system is reliable upto some extent. While proposed system is
planned to maintain the reliability issues with valid inputs.

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 B.Tech. (AIT) Assignment EXPL 412

b. Validity
Validation checks that the product design satisfies or fits the intended use
(high-level checking), i.e., the software meets the user requirements.
Existing system if overlooked its limitation produces valid result. Proposed
system is under developing phase but problem of validity will be kept in
mind while developing

c. Accuracy
The accuracy of system is the degree of closeness of measurements of a
quantity to that quantity's true value.
Correct output on valid inputs will be the key focus point while developing
this system.

d. Economy
The developed system must be economical to use. The system should cheap
and feasible to purchase and use. Suppose we want to do some calculations
and for this we buy some software but the cost of purchasing it is more than
the value of the result which we will be getting from the software then the
system is of no use.
Software and technology used is almost free. For e.g. Xampp is free ware
plus foundation and metro UI CSS framework is also free.

e. timeliness
In project development everything we do is measured by time.
System is heavy computing but produces fast result on button click(s).

f. capacity
Propose System do calculations on runtime thus requires very less memory
utilization. But further future changes may increase memory requirement
to some extent.

g. Throughput
Throughput is the rate of production; the rate at which something can be
processed.
Development of Proposed system will keep this point in focus to develop a
system with immediate output.

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 B.Tech. (AIT) Assignment EXPL 412

9. Comparison of Existing System with Propose System

Current System
Currently the analysis is being done by two ways:
Manually
FORTRAN Program
Constraints with manual working:
time consuming
less precision
Constraints with FORTRAN program working:
command based: results in boredom and remembering
commands
do not include check into consideration for analysis
limited upto four characters for analysis
conversion of existing file format into FORTRAN format each
time.

Proposed System
Proposed system decreases manual interventions as it will be providing
a web based platform for analysis.
Proposed system will be designed to give output with high accuracy.
Proposed system will be containing GUI for interaction results in better
working experience (no need to remember and type commands).
Proposed system also include check into consideration for analysis.
Proposed system has no constraints on no. of replications, parents,
check and characters to be analysed.

Sr. Functionality Manual Existing Proposed

No. working FORTRAN system
program
1. GUI

2. Precision & efficiency Less precision Good precision Good precision
due to human upto some allover
error extent
3. Considering Check
4. Character limitations Not there but Upto 4 Upto to n
more the no. of characters characters
character more
backbreaking
task it will be

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 B.Tech. (AIT) Assignment EXPL 412

10.Advantage of Problem Identification in SDLC

Problem identification is first and very important phase in SDLC.
Without identifying the actual problem we cant develop a system.
Other phases of SDLC follows this phase.
The system which will be developed with proper identification of problem
satisfies the end users.

11.References

1) Atnaf M., Tesfaye K., & Dagne K. (September 30, 2014). Hyman's diallel analysis to
study genetic parameters of phenological traits in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris).
International Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, 65-71.

2) Chukwu, S.C., Okporie, E.O., Onyishi, G.C., . . . V., N. (2016). Application of diallel
analyses in crop improvement. AGRICULTURE AND BIOLOGY JOURNAL OF
NORTH AMERICA.

3) Singh D. R., & Chaudhary D. B. (1977). Biometrical Methods in Quantitive Genetic

Analysis. Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar: Kalyani Publishers.

4) Sughroue, & R. J. (1995). Proper analysis of the diallel mating design. Iowa State
University: Microfilm Masters.

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