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Problem Sheet

Diffraction:

Wave optics (Unit-5)


1. What is diffraction of light? Distinguish between interference and diffraction?
2. Distinguish between Fresnel and Fraunhofer class of diffraction.
3. Explain Fraunhofer diffraction by a single slit with necessary theory. Point out also the
graphical representation of intensity distribution

4. Prove that the intensity of secondary maxima formed for Fraunhofer diffraction at a single slit
are of decreasing order.
5. Show that the intensity of the 1st secondary maxima formed by a single slit Fraunhofer
diffraction process is nearly 4.5% of the principal maxima.
6. Derive the expression of intensity at a point for Fraunhofer diffraction due to a double slit.
Draw the intensity distribution curve (diffraction pattern) and explain it.
7.. What is missing order in case of double slit diffraction pattern?
8. Draw the intensity distribution for double slit Fraunhoffer diffraction pattern if the opaque
space between the slits is thrice the slit width.
9. Write down the expression for the intensity of light due to Fraunhoffer diffraction in a
transmission grating and hence find the condition for secondary minima in the interference pattern.
10. Define resolving power of a grating. What factors does it depend upon?

Diffraction:

1. A single slit forms a diffraction pattern of Fraunhofer class with white light. The second
maximum in the pattern for red light of wavelength 7000 coincides with the third
maximum of an unknown wavelength. Calculate the unknown wavelength.
[A: 4667 ]
2. A convex lens of focal length 40 is employed to focus the Fraunhofer diffraction pattern of
a single slit of 0.3 mm width. Calculate the linear distance of the first order dark band from
the central band. The wavelength of light is 589 nm.
[A: 0.7852 mm]

3. The width of each slit of a double slit is 0.15 mm and they are separated by a distance of
0.45 mm. If the double slit produces Fraunhofer diffraction, find the angular position of the first
minima and the missing orders.
4. Deduce the missing order for a double slit Fraunhofer diffraction pattern if the slit widths
are 0.16 mm and they are 0.8 mm apart. [A: 6th, 12th, 18th etc.
interference maxima]

5. A parallel beam of wavelength 589 nm falls on a plane transmission grating having 4250
lines/cm. Find the angle of diffraction for maximum intensity in first order.
[A: 14.5o]
6. Sodium light of wavelength 589 nm and 589.6 nm are made to incident normally on a
grating having
500 lines/cm. Calculate the angular dispersion of these lines in the spectrum of first order. By a
simple calculation can you justify whether these lines are resolved or not?

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