FORMULA SHEET

CONSTANTS

Acceleration due to gravity g = 9.81 m/s2

Universal Gas constant R0 = 0.287 kJ/kgK

= 8.314 kJ/kmolK

THERMODYNAMICS

First Law of Thermodynamics Q + W=E

Boundary work done 2

W = -
1
P dV

Non Flow Energy Equation Q + W = m (u2-u1)

(Energy form)

Steady Flow Energy Equation v2 2 v1 2

(Power form)
Q + W = m [(h2 h1 ) + + g(z2 z1 )]
2

Ideal Gas Equation PV = mRT = nR0T

For Reversible Process Q = T dS

Gas Constant Relations

cp cv = R, = , R = R0 / M

Processes undergone by a perfect U2 U1 = m cv (T2-T1)

gas
H2 H1 = m cp (T2-T1)

Polytropic Process PVn = constant

Thermal efficiency, ,
th = =

Efficiency of a Carnot cycle

=1- =1-

Coefficient of Performance Desired Output

(COP) COP =

 2

ATME3613 THERMOFLUIDS

2 2
Entropy relation for perfect gas S2 S1 = m cv ln + mR ln
1 1

Isentropic efficiency of an For an expansion:

adiabatic process
Actual Work
=
Isentropic Work

For a compression:

Isentropic Work
=
Actual Work

Properties of wet vapour Dryness fraction, x

u = x ug + (1-x) uf, Similarly for h, s and v(specific volume)

FLUID MECHANICS

Vertical Equilibrium dP/dz = -g

Continuity m = Ac
Bernoulli Equation P v2
+ + gz = constant
2

Newtons Law of Viscosity

=

Momentum Equation F = m (vout vin)

This question paper consists of 6 questions on 8 printed pages